{"id":15523,"date":"2023-06-20T17:46:41","date_gmt":"2023-06-20T12:16:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/?p=15523"},"modified":"2023-06-21T17:16:05","modified_gmt":"2023-06-21T11:46:05","slug":"ap-board-9th-class-socail-studies-notes-chapter-12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/ap-board-9th-class-socail-studies-notes-chapter-12\/","title":{"rendered":"AP Board 9th Class Social Studies Notes Chapter 12 Changing Cultural Traditions in Europe 1300-1800"},"content":{"rendered":"

Students can go through AP State Board 9th Class Social Studies Notes<\/a> Chapter 12 Changing Cultural Traditions in Europe 1300-1800 to understand and remember the concept easily.<\/p>\n

AP State Board Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Notes Chapter 12 Changing Cultural Traditions in Europe 1300-1800<\/h2>\n

\u2192 From the ancient period till about 400 CE, Europe was dominated by the Roman Empire. The Romans carried out trade with distant countries like India.<\/p>\n

\u2192 They also influenced our art to a large extent, especially in northwest India.<\/p>\n

\u2192 The Roman Empire declined after 400 CE. The period from 400 CE to 1300 CE is called the Medieval Period.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Christianity, which had emerged during the first century-around 100 CE, had become the dominant religion in Europe replacing the older religions followed in the Roman Empire.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Feudalism grew stronger in Europe, the great cultural achievements of the ancient period were slowly forgotten and lost.<\/p>\n

\u2192 In Arabia, Persia, Iraq, and Northern Africa, the new religion of Islam were spreading and new political powers had emerged.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Turkish rule had been established in northern India around the beginning of the thirteenth century.<\/p>\n

\u2192 The Arabs established their empire in a region which was an intersection of several great cultures like China, India, Iran, Africa, and Europe.<\/p>\n

\"AP<\/p>\n

\u2192 There was a great revolt of peasants in England in 1381 which ended serfdom in England. Among the European countries, Italy was the first to benefit from urbanization and trade. Petrarch is considered one of the early Humanists of Italy.<\/p>\n

\u2192 During the middle ages, the culture of people came to be dominated by the Roman Catholic Church. In 1453, Constantinople was overthrown, Ottoman Empire took the place of the Eastern Roman Empire. Many of the educated men who spoke Greek fled to Italy for safety. They brought their books and ancient Greek literature was revived. This was called renais\u00acsance or rebirth.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Humanism started in Italy and soon spread to France, England, and the Netherlands.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Artists observed nature, the people, and places around them and sought to represent them as they were. Anatomy, Geometry, Physics, as well as a strong sense of what was beautiful, gave a new quality to Italian art, which was to be called “Realism” and which continued till the nineteenth century.<\/p>\n

\u2192 In Architecture, people studied the old Roman buildings to revive the old Roman style. Artists were known individually by name, not as members of a group as earlier. Michelangelo – immortalized by the ceiling he painted for the Pope in the Sistine Chapel, the sculpture called “The Pieta “and his design of the dome of St. Peter’s Church, all in Rome. Printing of the Bible led to the Reformation movement which questioned the corruption of the priesthood and laid foundations for the Protestant churches.<\/p>\n

\u2192 People started investigating the world in which they lived. Scientists like Bacon, Copernicus, Galileo, Harvey, Vesalius contributed a lot to the development of modern science. During the Renaissance, Europeans extended their limited knowledge of geography. The compass was invented. Constantinople was overthrown. Trade with Eastern countries was closed. So sailors like Bartholomew Diaz, Vasco-da-Gama, Columbus, Magellan discovered sea routes. These voyages were landmarks in human history.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Culture has been changing constantly in all ages. Even today, we can observe rapid changes in our cultural life.<\/p>\n

\u2192 During the medieval period, three great empires-Ottomans in Turkey, the Safavids in Iran, and the Mughals in India had emerged before 1550.<\/p>\n

\u2192 When Renaissance, Humanism, and Reformation were sweeping across Europe, in India styles of painting were refined as Mughal miniature painting and wall paintings of Vijaya Nagara.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Feudalism: It is a social system under which the political power was with large warrior-landlords who controlled the villages and peasants.<\/p>\n

\"AP<\/p>\n

\u2192 Serfs: Serfs were a class of people (during the Medieval period) who had to work on the land of the landlord, work in their workshops and also fight for them in wars.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Renaissance: Renaissance means \u201crebirth\u201d. It was a period in Europe, especially Italy when there was a new interest in art, literature, science, and learning flourished.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Humanism: Humanism is the belief that people can achieve happiness and live well without religion.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Realism: Realism is a situation or the belief in which people recognize and accept the true nature of the situation.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Reformation: The reformation is the movement to reform the Catholic Church in the sixteenth century, which led to the Protestant Church is set up.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Protestant: A Protestant is a Christian who was separated from Roman Catholic Church in the sixteenth century.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Culture: It relates to aspects of human activity such as literature; music; dance; painting; sculpture; architecture; religious beliefs and even science.<\/p>\n

\"AP<\/p>\n

\u2192 Scientists and Inventions:
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\u2192 Books and Authors:
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\u2192 Periods in European History :<\/p>\n