{"id":15879,"date":"2023-06-22T12:54:32","date_gmt":"2023-06-22T07:24:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/?p=15879"},"modified":"2023-06-23T17:12:04","modified_gmt":"2023-06-23T11:42:04","slug":"ap-board-9th-class-biology-notes-chapter-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/ap-board-9th-class-biology-notes-chapter-4\/","title":{"rendered":"AP Board 9th Class Biology Notes Chapter 4 Movement of Materials Across the Cell Membrane"},"content":{"rendered":"

Students can go through AP State Board 9th Class Biology Notes<\/a> Chapter 4 Movement of Materials Across the Cell Membrane to understand and remember the concept easily.<\/p>\n

AP State Board Syllabus 9th Class Biology Notes Chapter 4 Movement of Materials Across the Cell Membrane<\/h2>\n

\u2192 Cell performs different functions.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Different types of substances like glucose, water, and oxygen are required by the cell to perform functions.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Saturated solutions do not dissolve substances further.<\/p>\n

\u2192 The cells in the outer layer of Kishmish permit water to pass through.<\/p>\n

\u2192 In Greek ‘Osmos’ means pushing.<\/p>\n

\u2192 The movement of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane in a solution from a low high concentration till the concentration on both sides becomes equal is called ‘Osmosis’.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Permeability means allowing substances into the cell through a semipermeable membrane.<\/p>\n

\u2192 The plasma membrane is selectively permeable allows entry of certain substances to pass through it<\/p>\n

\u2192 The plasma membrane is semipermeable to solvent but prevents the passage of solutes.<\/p>\n

\u2192 The process in which water molecules leave the cell is called ‘Exosmosis’.<\/p>\n

\u2192 The process in which water molecules enter the cell is called ‘Endosmosis’.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Freddie Mercury and David Bowie removed salt from seawater by using a semipermeable membrane by a process called desalination.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Reverse osmosis helps in removing salt from seawater.<\/p>\n

\"AP<\/p>\n

\u2192 The process by which some materials when kept in a medium like air and water spread equally throughout, is called diffusion.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Air freshness, Agarbathi, mosquito repellants work on the principle of diffusion.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Thomas Graham measured the rate of diffusion of gases and also studied the diffusion of substances in solutions.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Osmosis does not take place in dead cells.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Solute: Dissolved substance in a solution.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Solvent: A fluid substance that dissolves solid substances.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Selectively permeable: Allows entry of certain substances only.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Endocytosis: Flexibility of the cell membrane to engulf food and other substances from the external environment. E.g.: Amoeba.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Osmosis: The movement of water molecules towards concentrated solutions.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Plasmodesmata: The strands of cytoplasm passing through cell walls and connecting the protoplasts of adjacent cells.<\/p>\n

\"AP<\/p>\n

\u2192 Permeability: The extent to which molecules of a given kind can pass through a membrane.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Semipermeable: Only certain materials are allowed to enter the cell.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Circumference: A line that goes around a circle or any other curved shape, the length of this line.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Exosmosis: The process in which water molecules leave the cell.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Endosmosis: The process in which water molecules enter the cell.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Reverse Osmosis: A process used to remove salts from the water.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Diffusion: Some materials when kept \u00a1n a medium like air and water spread equally \u00a1n that medium.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Saturated solution: It is a solution in which solute further can not dissolve.
\n\"AP
\n\u2192 Three fourth of the earth is covered with oceans. Though plenty of water is there, we cannot use it, since it is salty. If we can remove salts from it we can use it. Freddie Mercury and David Bowie removed salt from seawater by using a semi-permeable membrane by a process called desalination. When heavy pressure is applied to a salt solution, which is separated from freshwater with a semi-permeable membrane, the water moves from the salt solution into freshwater leaving the salt behind. This process is known as reverse osmosis. Nowadays domestically used reverse osmosis machines are available in the market, which filters saltwater through three membranes.<\/p>\n

\"AP<\/p>\n

\u2192 Thomas Graham, the Scottish physical chemist, worked on the diffusion of gases. Graham measured the rate of diffusion of gases and also studied the diffusion of substances in solutions. He had inferred that a more soluble substance in a medium diffuse faster than a less soluble substance. This is popularly known as \u2018Graham\u2019s law\u2019.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Thomas Graham:<\/p>\n