{"id":15910,"date":"2023-06-05T15:53:32","date_gmt":"2023-06-05T10:23:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/?p=15910"},"modified":"2023-06-05T17:09:56","modified_gmt":"2023-06-05T11:39:56","slug":"ap-board-9th-class-biology-notes-chapter-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/ap-board-9th-class-biology-notes-chapter-9\/","title":{"rendered":"AP Board 9th Class Biology Notes Chapter 9 Adaptations in Different Ecosystems"},"content":{"rendered":"

Students can go through AP State Board 9th Class Biology Notes<\/a> Chapter 9 Adaptations in Different Ecosystems to understand and remember the concept easily.<\/p>\n

AP State Board Syllabus 9th Class Biology Notes Chapter 9 Adaptations in Different Ecosystems<\/h2>\n

\u2192 Adaptation is a physiological or structural characteristic of an organism, becomes suited to a particular environment<\/p>\n

\u2192 Organisms in nature create adaptable situations around them on the basis of their needs.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Organisms need shelter, food, light, air and many other things for their survival<\/p>\n

\u2192 Adaptations in xerophytic plants are succulent stems, reduced leaves and have a deep root system.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Animals living in the deserts also show adaptive characteristic features.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Microscopic planktons have droplets of oil in their cells that keeps them float<\/p>\n

\u2192 Each form of marine life has become adapted to a specific area with a relatively narrow variation in salinity, temperature and light<\/p>\n

\u2192 Aquatic animals have certain adaptations to fight the pressure of the underwater current<\/p>\n

\u2192 Marine life has adapted to an incredible variety of conditions and habitats.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Marine adaptations include symbiosis, camouflage, defensive behaviour, reproductive strategies etc.<\/p>\n

\u2192 The marine ecosystem is divided into euphotic zone, bathyal zone and abyssal zone.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Based on the light penetration freshwater ecosystem is divided into a littoral zone, limnetic zone and profundal zone.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Partially submerged plants have numerous air spaces inside the stems, leaves, roots that aid in gaseous exchange and buoyancy.<\/p>\n

\"AP<\/p>\n

\u2192 Plants in temperate regions shed their leaves before the winter.<\/p>\n

\u2192 In tropical regions, some plants shed their leaves before the start of summer.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Animals living in cold regions have a thick layer of fat or thick fur coat covering their bodies.<\/p>\n

\u2192 To protect themselves from the extremes of hot and cold conditions, animals adapt to hibernation and aestivation. E.g.: frog<\/p>\n

\u2192 Animals living in the bottom layers of the sea are scavengers or predators are one usually blind<\/p>\n

\u2192 Mangroves: Plants grown at seashores. Growing \u00a1na wet and salty places.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Precise: Exact, accurate.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Adaptations: It \u00a1s a feature that \u00a1s common in any population because it provides some improvements for better survival.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Succulent stem: Water is stored in the tissues of the stem.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Xerophytes: Plants that were grown in fewer water areas like deserts.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Scorching: Burn superficially.<\/p>\n

\"AP<\/p>\n

\u2192 Pebble plants: Smooth, round water-storing plants leave store water.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Ornamental plants: Decorative plants are kept in pots at homes.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Adder snake: A small poisonous snake often with diamond-shaped marks on its back.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Nocturnal: Animals that are active during the night.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Beneath: Lower position.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Strenuous: Energetic<\/p>\n

\u2192 Ecosystem: Unit of a biosphere. It comprises both biotic and abiotic components.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Incredible: Impossible or very difficult to believe.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Blubber: The fat of whales and other sea animals.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Photosynthesis: It \u00a1s the process of preparing carbohydrates by plants in the presence of sunlight, chlorophyll, water and carbon dioxide. It is an anabolic process.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Respiration: It \u00a1s a catabolic process. Carbohydrates are broken down into water and carbon dioxide releasing energy.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Barnacles: Fish that attaches itself to objects underwater. e.g. Ample to rocks and bottoms of ships.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Transpiration: The loss of water vapour from a plant, especially through the stomata.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Herring gulls: A large North Atlantic bird of gull family with black tips to its wings.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Camouflage: The way in which an animal\u2019s colours or shape matches its surroundings and makes \u00a1t difficult to see.<\/p>\n

\"AP<\/p>\n

\u2192 Symposium: A small conference. A meeting at which experts have discussions about a particular subject.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Trout: A common freshwater fish that is used for food.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Herring: A North Atlantic fish that swims \u00a1n very large groups and is used for food.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Bioluminescence: Refers to the production of light by living organisms. It \u00a1s common in deep-sea organisms, and in some insects. e.g. Fireflies.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Puddle: Small amount of water or liquid especially rain that has collected in one place on the ground.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Scavengers: Animal feeding on dead organisms which it has not killed.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Euphotic zone: The top layer of a sea through which light can penetrate, allowing photosynthesis to take place. It is usually 200 m in depth.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Bathyal zone: It is usually 200 m to 2000 m depth. Dimly light can penetrate. Light is not sufficient to perform photosynthesis.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Abyssal zone: The zone from 2000 m to 6000 m depth. There is no light and always dark.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Littoral zone: The shallow zone near the seashore. The water near the shore is usually muddy.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Limnetic zone: It is the open water zone at the top of the water body that receives a good deal of light.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Profundal zone: It \u00a1s dimly light and cold. Most heterotrophs are found in this region.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Phytoplanktons: Free-floating plants living near the surface o\u00eda sea or lake.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Amphibians: Animals that can live in water and also on land. E.g.: Frogs, toads etc.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Aestivation: Summer sleep. This refers to a state of inactivity which some animals undergo during long periods of drought or heat.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Hibernation: Winter sleep.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Crustacean: Any creature with a soft body that \u00a1s divided into sections and a hard out shell. E.g.: Crabs, shrimps etc.<\/p>\n

\"AP<\/p>\n

\u2192 Wading birds: Birds walk or move with difficulty \u00a1n water.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Finch: A small bird with a sharp beak. Our state bird is also a finch.
\n\"AP<\/p>\n

\u2192 Though these are called Living stones they are not stones. The swollen leaves are adapted to desert conditions, minimizing water loss and storing water. These are also called Pebble Plants. Each pebble is actually a leaf with a cut window that lets in light. The stone-like appearance deceives the animals and saves them from being eaten.
\n\"AP<\/p>\n

\u2192 Animals that are active during the night and sleep during the day are called Nocturnals. These creatures generally have highly developed senses of hearing and smell. They have especially adapted eyesight to see well in dark. Animals like bats, emit a high pitched sound that bounces off objects to find prey or protect from predators.<\/p>\n

Cats, Rats, Bats, Owls are the Nocturnals generally seen in our surroundings. Some insects like crickets, firefly and fishes like cuttlefish are active during the night only. Some desert animals become nocturnals in order to escape extreme daytime heat.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Electric Eel is an electric fish. It is capable of generating powerful electric shocks of up to 600 Volts when uses for hunting self-defence. It is an apex predator. Despite its name, it is not an eel, but rather a knife fish.<\/p>\n

\"AP<\/p>\n

\u2192 Charles Darwin (1809 – 1882):<\/p>\n