{"id":16023,"date":"2023-06-27T12:07:27","date_gmt":"2023-06-27T06:37:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/?p=16023"},"modified":"2023-06-27T17:14:46","modified_gmt":"2023-06-27T11:44:46","slug":"ap-board-8th-class-biology-notes-chapter-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/ap-board-8th-class-biology-notes-chapter-2\/","title":{"rendered":"AP Board 8th Class Biology Notes Chapter 2 Cell: The Basic Unit of Life"},"content":{"rendered":"

Students can go through AP State Board 8th Class Biology Notes<\/a> Chapter 2 Cell: The Basic Unit of Life to understand and remember the concept easily.<\/p>\n

AP State Board Syllabus 8th Class Biology Notes Chapter 2 Cell: The Basic Unit of Life<\/h2>\n

\u2192 All living organisms are made of cells.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Cells were first observed by Robert Hooke in 1665.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek was the first to see living bodies under the microscope which he had constructed himself.<\/p>\n

\u2192 The cell has 3 main parts:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. The Cell membrane,<\/li>\n
  2. Cytoplasm,<\/li>\n
  3. Nucleus.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u2192 Robert Brown discovered the nucleus in the orchid leaf.<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Plant cells differ from those of animals in having an additional layer around the cell membrane termed cell wall.<\/p>\n

    \u2192 The cell wall gives strength and rigidity to plants.<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Cell exhibits a variety of shapes and sizes and numbers.<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Single-celled animals are called unicellular organisms.<\/p>\n

    \u2192 More than one cell is called a multicellular organism.<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Basic functions in multi-cellular organisms are carried out by a variety of cells.<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Cell: The smallest biological unit capable of carrying out all of the fundamental activities of life. The basic unit of structure and function of any living thing.<\/p>\n

    \"AP<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Cell membrane: The thin, flexible layer that surrounds a cell and which controls all that enters and leaves the cell.<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Cell Wall: Cells, the outermost non-living cellulose layer that surrounds the entire cell, including the cell membrane.<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Cytoplasm: That part of a cell\u2019s protoplasm that lies outside of its nucleus.<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Nucleus: A spherical structure present at the center of the cell.<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Unicellular: An organism composed of just one cell.<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Multicellular: Organism formed by more than one cell.<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Organ: All organisms are made of smaller particles called organs.<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Organelles: The small functional structures of the cell.<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Pseudopodia: False feet or the structures formed by the unicellular organisms to capture food or for locomotion.<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Staining: Obtain color to the cells<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Magnification: Expanding the size of the structure<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Focusing: To visualize the object by light<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Centriole: In animal cells, a structure outside the nucleus organizes the spindle fibers during cell reproduction.<\/p>\n

    \"AP<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Contractile Vacuoles: Large sacs found \u00a1n the cells of certain protozoans that remove the water that has accumulated inside the cell by pumping it to the outside of the cell.<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Food Vacuoles: The sacs where food particles are digested that are found in the cytoplasm of protozoan cells.<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Micrometer: Hundred part of millimeter 1\/100 mm<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Nanometer: Thousand part of micrometer 1\/1000 (urn)<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Heterogeneous: Different state of features in a group<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Teeming: Occupying the full of container<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Stomata: Tiny pores on leaves<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Contractile vacuole: A sac-like cell organelle that pumps fluid in a cyclic manner
    \n\"AP<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) in 1674 was the first human to see living bodies like bacteria, yeast, protozoa, Red Blood cells, and the teeming life in a drop of water. He prepared several types of magnifying glasses and used his lenses to study both living and non-living things using under a microscope.<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Robert Brown (1773 – 1858):<\/p>\n