{"id":22272,"date":"2024-01-16T17:48:04","date_gmt":"2024-01-16T12:18:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/?p=22272"},"modified":"2024-01-17T16:08:59","modified_gmt":"2024-01-17T10:38:59","slug":"ap-inter-2nd-year-chemistry-important-questions-chapter-12b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/ap-inter-2nd-year-chemistry-important-questions-chapter-12b\/","title":{"rendered":"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Students get through <a href=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/ap-inter-2nd-year-chemistry-important-questions\/\">AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions<\/a> Lesson 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids which are most likely to be asked in the exam.<\/p>\n<h2>AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Lesson 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Very Short Answer Questions<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Question 1.<br \/>\nAlthough phenoxide ion has more resonating structures than carboxylate ion carboxylic acid is a stronger acid than phenol. Why?<br \/>\nAnswer:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Phenoxide ion has non-equivalent resonance structures in which the negative charge is at the less electronegative carbon atom.<\/li>\n<li>The negative charge is delocalized over two electronegative oxygen atoms in carboxylate ion whereas in phenoxide ion the negative charge less effectively delocalised over one oxygen atom and less electronegative carbon atoms.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24359\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-1.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 1\" width=\"347\" height=\"148\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Question 2.<br \/>\nWrite equations showing the conversion of<br \/>\ni) Acetic acid to Acetyl chloride<br \/>\nii) Benzoic acid to Benzamide<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\ni) Acetic acid reacts with PCl<sub>3<\/sub> (or) PCl<sub>5<\/sub> (or) SOCl<sub>2<\/sub> to form acetyl chloride.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24360\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-2.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 2\" width=\"370\" height=\"60\" \/><\/p>\n<p>ii) Benzoic acid reacts with ammonia to form benzamide.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24361\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-3.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 3\" width=\"638\" height=\"127\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/AP-Board-Solutions.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids\" width=\"196\" height=\"17\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Question 3.<br \/>\nList the reagents needed to reduce carboxylic acid to alcohol.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nThe reagents required to reduce carboxylic acid to alcohol are<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>LiAlH<sub>4<\/sub>\/Ether (or) B<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>6<\/sub><\/li>\n<li>H<sub>3<\/sub>O<sup>+<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Question 4.<br \/>\nCompare the acidic strength of acetic acid, Chloroacetic acid, benzoic acid and Phenol. (IPE 2014) (Mar. &#8217;14)<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24362\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-4.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 4\" width=\"487\" height=\"61\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Question 5.<br \/>\nExplain the position of electrophilic substitution in benzoic acid.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nBenzoic acid undergo electrophilic substitution reactions in which carboxyl group acts as a deactivating and meta directing group.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24363\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-5.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 5\" width=\"470\" height=\"152\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Question 6.<br \/>\nWrite the mechanism of esterification.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nMechanism of esterification of carboxylic acids : The esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols is a kind of nucleophilic acyl substitution. Protonation of the carbonyl oxygen activates the carbonyl group towards nucleophilic addition of the alcohol. Proton transfer in the tetrahedral intermediate converts the hydroxyl group into &#8211; <sup>+<\/sup>OH<sub>2<\/sub> group, which, being a better leaving group, is. eliminated as neutral water molecule. The protonated ester so formed finally loses a proton to give the ester.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24364\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-6.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 6\" width=\"582\" height=\"328\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/AP-Board-Solutions.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids\" width=\"196\" height=\"17\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Question 7.<br \/>\nWhat is Etard reaction. Give equation.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nEtard Reaction : Benzaldehyde is prepared by the oxidation of Toluene with chromyl chloride.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24365\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-7.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 7\" width=\"562\" height=\"116\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Question 8.<br \/>\nWhat is Gater man &#8211; Koch formylation reaction. Give equation.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nGates man &#8211; Koch reaction:<br \/>\nBenzene or its derivatives treated with CO and HCl in presence of AlCl<sub>3<\/sub> gives Benzaldehyde.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24366\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-8.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 8\" width=\"396\" height=\"95\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Question 9.<br \/>\nAn organic acid with molecular formula C<sub>8<\/sub>H<sub>8<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub> on decarboxylation forms Toluene. Identify the organic acid.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nThe organic acid is phenyl acetic acid.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24367\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-9.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 9\" width=\"460\" height=\"165\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Question 10.<br \/>\nWhat is decarboxylation ? Give equation.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nDecarboxylation: Carboxylic acids lose carbon dioxide molecule to produce hydrocarbons on heating their sodium salts with soda lime (a mixutre of NaOH &amp; CaO In ratio 3: 1).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>This reaction is called decarboxylation.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24368\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-10.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 10\" width=\"544\" height=\"100\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Short Answer Questions<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Question 1.<br \/>\nWhat is Tollens reagent ? Explain its reaction with Aldehydes.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nTollens Reagent: Freshly prepared ammonical silver nitrate solution is called Tollens reagent.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>On warming an aldehyde with Tollens reagent a bright silver mirror is produced due to formation of silver metal.<br \/>\nR &#8211; CHO + 2 [Ag (NH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>]<sup>+<\/sup> + 3OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> \u2192 RCOO<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> + 2Ag + 2H<sub>2<\/sub>O + 4NH<sub>3<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Question 2.<br \/>\nDescribe the following:<br \/>\ni) Cross aldol condensation<br \/>\nii) Decarboxylation<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\ni) Cross Aldol Condensation: When aldol condensation is carried out between two different aldehydes and (or) ketones, it is called cross aldol condensation.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>If both the reactants contain \u03b1-hydrogen atoms, it gives a mixture of four products.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24369\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-11.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 11\" width=\"676\" height=\"398\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ketones can also be used as one component in the cross aldol reactions.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24370\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-12.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 12\" width=\"641\" height=\"127\" \/><\/p>\n<p>ii) DecarboxylationCarboxylic acids lose carbon dioxide molecule to produce hydrocarbons on heating their sodium salts with soda lime (a mixture of NaOH &amp; CaO in ratio 3:1).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>This reaction is called decarboxylation<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24371\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-13.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 13\" width=\"552\" height=\"81\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/AP-Board-Solutions.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids\" width=\"196\" height=\"17\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Question 3.<br \/>\nExplain Nucleophilic addition reaction mechanism of aldehydes and ketones.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nNucelophilic addition reaction mechanism:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24372\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-14.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 14\" width=\"359\" height=\"76\" \/><br \/>\nNucleophile attack on the electrophilic carbon atom of the polar carbonyl group to form an intermediate this intermediate capture a proton to give the product. Aldehydes are more reactive towards the nucleophilic addition reaction due to steric and electronic reasons. In ketones two large substituents sterically hinder the approach of nucleophile towards carbonyl carbon. Aldehydes having only one alkyl group the attack of nucleophile is easy. Electronically two alkyl groups in ketones reduce the positive charge density on carbonyl carbon by + I effect, than aldehydes having only one alkyl group.<\/p>\n<p>Question 4.<br \/>\nExplain the role of electron withdrawing and electron releasing groups on the acidity of carboxylic acids.<br \/>\nAnswer:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Electron withdrawing groups increase the acidity of carboxylic acids by stabilising the conjugate base through delocalisation of the negative charge by inductive effect.<\/li>\n<li>Electron donating groups decreases the acidity of carboxylic acids by destabilising the conjugate base.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24373\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-15.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 15\" width=\"422\" height=\"102\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Eg : Cl<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> is a electron withdrawing group acidic strength order in case of chloro acetic acids CCl<sub>3<\/sub>COOH &gt; CHCl<sub>2<\/sub>COOH &gt; CH<sub>2<\/sub>ClCOOH &gt; CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH<\/p>\n<p>Question 5.<br \/>\nWrite any two methods for the preparation of Aldehydes.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nPreparation of Aldehydes:<br \/>\nFrom Hydrocarbons:<br \/>\na) Hydration of alkynes in the presence of H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub> and HgSO<sub>4<\/sub> give aldehydes and ketones.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24374\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-16.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 16\" width=\"526\" height=\"129\" \/><br \/>\nb) Reduction Acetyl Chloride (Rosen mund&#8217;s reduction)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24375\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-17.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 17\" width=\"411\" height=\"126\" \/><br \/>\nc) From nitriles (Stephen reaction)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24376\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-18.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 18\" width=\"439\" height=\"37\" \/><br \/>\nNitriles are selectively reduced by di-isobutyl aluminium hydride (DIBAL &#8211; H) to imines which hydrolysis give aldehydes.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24377\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-19.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 19\" width=\"293\" height=\"59\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Question 6.<br \/>\nWrite any two methods for the preparation of Ketones.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24378\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-20.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 20\" width=\"609\" height=\"179\" \/><br \/>\nAcyl chlorides react with dialkyl cadmium give ketones.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/AP-Board-Solutions.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids\" width=\"196\" height=\"17\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Question 7.<br \/>\nExplain the following terms. Give an example of the reaction in each ease.<br \/>\ni) Cyanohydrin<br \/>\nii) Acetal<br \/>\niii) Semicarbazone<br \/>\niv) Aldol<br \/>\nv) Hemiacetal<br \/>\nvi) Oxime (IPE 2016 (TS))<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\ni) Cyanohyclrin<br \/>\nAldehydes and ketones react with hydrogen cyanide (HCN) forms addition products called (or) known as cyanohydrins.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24379\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-21.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 21\" width=\"470\" height=\"312\" \/><\/p>\n<p>ii) Acetal<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In the presence of dry HCl gas, an aldehyde reacts with two equivalents of a monohydric alcohol forms gem-dialkoxy compounds are known as acetals.<\/li>\n<li>In acetal two alkoxy groups are present on the terminal C-atom.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24380\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-22.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 22\" width=\"544\" height=\"182\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>iii) Semicarbazone<br \/>\nAldehydes\/ketones react with semicarbazide forms certain compounds called as semicarbazones.<br \/>\nFor example:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24381\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-23.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 23\" width=\"457\" height=\"221\" \/><\/p>\n<p>iv) Aldol<br \/>\nWhen an aldehyde ((or) ketone) having atleast one \u03b1-hydrogen atom undergo a reaction in the presence of dilute alkali as catalyst to form aldol (or) \u03b2 &#8211; hydroxy aldehydes ((or) ketals in case of ketones), the reaction is called aldol condensation.<br \/>\nFor example:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24382\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-24.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 24\" width=\"436\" height=\"130\" \/><\/p>\n<p>v) Hemlacetal: In the presence of dry HCl gas an aldehyde reacts with one molecule of a monohydric alcohol forms gem-alkoxy alcohols. These are known as hemiacetals.<br \/>\nFor example:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24383\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-25.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 25\" width=\"454\" height=\"158\" \/><\/p>\n<p>vi) Oxime : In weak acidic medium, an aldehyde ketone reacts with hydroxylamine forms products which are known as oxims.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24384\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-26.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 26\" width=\"527\" height=\"138\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Question 8.<br \/>\nExplain Clemenson&#8217;s reduction and Wolf Kishner reduction reactions.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\ni) Clemenson&#8217;s reduction: In this reaction carbonyl group is reduced to CH<sub>2<\/sub> hence aldehydes and ketones are directly converted into alkanes. The reducing agent in this reaction is zinc amalgam and concentrated HCl.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24385\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-27.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 27\" width=\"372\" height=\"146\" \/><br \/>\nii) Wolf Kishner reduction : In this reaction also aldehydes and ketones are reducted to alkanes. Addition of hydrazine followed by heating in the presence of KOH in glycol gives alkanes.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24386\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-28.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 28\" width=\"561\" height=\"197\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/AP-Board-Solutions.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids\" width=\"196\" height=\"17\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Question 9.<br \/>\nWhat is haloform reaction? Give \u00e9quation.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nHaloform reaction: (Oxidation of methyl ketones)<br \/>\nAldehydes and ketones having at least one (CH<sub>3<\/sub>CO) group react with halogens in presence of NaOH or sodium hypohalite to form haloform (CHX<sub>3<\/sub>) and salt of carboxylic acids having one carbon atom less than that of carbonyl compound.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24387\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-29.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 29\" width=\"412\" height=\"129\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Question 10.<br \/>\nWhat is Cannizaro reaction? Give equation. (IPE &#8211; 2015 (AP), B.M.P)<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nCannizaro reaction : Aldehydes having no \u03b1 &#8211; hydrogen undergo self oxidation and self reduction reaction on heating with alkali. In this reaction alcohol and salt of carboxylic acid are formed.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24388\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-30.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 30\" width=\"328\" height=\"58\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24389\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-31.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 31\" width=\"382\" height=\"95\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Question 11.<br \/>\nWhat is HVZ reaction? Give equation. (T.S. Mar.&#8217;18) (IPE 2016 (TS))<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nCarboxylic acids having \u03b1-hydrogens are halogenated at the \u03b1-position on treatment with chlorine or bromine in presence of small amount of red phosphorus to give \u03b1-halo carboxylic acids.<br \/>\nThis reaction is named as Hell-Volhard \u2014 Zelinsky (HVZ) reactions.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24390\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-32.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 32\" width=\"501\" height=\"133\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Question 12.<br \/>\nWrite any three methods for the preparati\u00f3n of Carboxylic acid.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nPreparation of carboxylic acids:<br \/>\ni) From primary alcohols : Primary alcohols on oxidation with acidified KMnO<sub>4<\/sub> (or) K<sub>2<\/sub>Cr<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>7<\/sub> (or) Chromium trioxide (CrO<sub>3<\/sub>) gives carboxylic acids.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24391\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-33.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 33\" width=\"435\" height=\"77\" \/><br \/>\nii) From Alkyl benzenes : Aromatic carboxylic acids are prepared by the oxidation of alkyl benzenes with KMnO<sub>4<\/sub> or CrO<sub>3<\/sub>, any alkyl group irrespective of chain length is oxidised to -COOH.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24392\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-34.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 34\" width=\"483\" height=\"108\" \/><br \/>\niii) From Nitrites and Amides: Nitnies on hydrolysis in the presence of H<sup>+<\/sup> or OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> gives amides which on hydrolysis give acids.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24393\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-35.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 35\" width=\"439\" height=\"206\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Question 13.<br \/>\nExplain Ring substitution reactions of aromatic carboxylic acids.<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\nRing Substitution : Aromatic carboxylic acids undergo electrophilic substitution at meta position. -COOH group is electron with drawing group and deactivates the ring at ortho and para position.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24394\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-36.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 36\" width=\"520\" height=\"291\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Question 14.<br \/>\nHow do you prepare the following compounds from acetic acid?<br \/>\ni) Acetyl chloride<br \/>\nii) Acetamide<br \/>\niii) Acetic anhydride<br \/>\niv) Ethyl alcohol<br \/>\nAnswer:<br \/>\ni) Acetyl chloride: Reaction with PCl<sub>3<\/sub> (or) PCl<sub>5<\/sub> (or) SOCl<sub>2<\/sub> : Carboxylic acids form acid chlorides with PCl<sub>3<\/sub>, PCl<sub>5<\/sub>, SOCl<sub>2<\/sub>.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24395\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-37.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 37\" width=\"514\" height=\"127\" \/><br \/>\nii) Acetamide formation (Reaction with ammonia) : Carboxylic acids react with Ammonia and form ammonium salt which on heating gives amides.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24396\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-38.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 38\" width=\"581\" height=\"70\" \/><br \/>\nii) Acetic anhydride : Carboxylic acids on heating in the presence of dehydrating agents like conc H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub>, P<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>5<\/sub> give anhydride.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24397\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-39.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 39\" width=\"511\" height=\"76\" \/><br \/>\niv) Ethyl alcohol : Acetic acid is reduced to ethyl alcohol by LiAlH<sub>4<\/sub>.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24398\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-40.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 40\" width=\"314\" height=\"45\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24399\" src=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AP-Inter-2nd-Year-Chemistry-Important-Questions-Chapter-12b-Aldehydes-Ketones-and-Carboxylic-Acids-41.png\" alt=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 41\" width=\"431\" height=\"112\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Students get through AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Lesson 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids which are most likely to be asked in the exam. AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Lesson 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids Very Short Answer Questions Question 1. Although phenoxide ion has more resonating structures than &#8230; <a title=\"AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/ap-inter-2nd-year-chemistry-important-questions-chapter-12b\/\" aria-label=\"More on AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 12(b) Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22272"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22272"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22272\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22273,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22272\/revisions\/22273"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22272"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22272"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22272"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}