{"id":22538,"date":"2024-01-20T14:44:28","date_gmt":"2024-01-20T09:14:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/?p=22538"},"modified":"2024-01-22T11:32:08","modified_gmt":"2024-01-22T06:02:08","slug":"ap-inter-2nd-year-zoology-study-material-chapter-3a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/ap-inter-2nd-year-zoology-study-material-chapter-3a\/","title":{"rendered":"AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology Study Material Chapter 3(a) Musculo-Skeletal System"},"content":{"rendered":"

Andhra Pradesh BIEAP AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology Study Material<\/a> Lesson 3(a) Musculo-Skeletal System Textbook Questions and Answers.<\/p>\n

AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology Study Material Lesson 3(a) Musculo-Skeletal System<\/h2>\n

AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology The Musculo Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n

Very Short Answer Questions<\/span><\/p>\n

Question 1.
\nWhat is a ‘motor unit’ with reference to muscle and nerve?
\nAnswer:
\nMotor unit is made up of a motor neuron and set of muscle fibres innervated by all the telodendrites.<\/p>\n

Question 2.
\nWhat is triad system?
\nAnswer:
\nIn a skeletal muscle each transverse tubule (T-Tubule) is flanked on either side by several cfsternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. T-tubule and the two terminal cistemae at its sides form the triad system.<\/p>\n

Question 3.
\nWrite the difference between actin and myosin.
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Actin<\/td>\nMyosin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1. Actin is a thin contractile protein.<\/td>\n1. Myosin is a thick contractile protein.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2. It is present in light bands and is called an isotropic band.<\/td>\n2. It is present in dark bands and is called an anisotropic band.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3. Each actin filament is made of two ‘F’ actin molecules helically wound around each other, tropomyosin and a complex, protein called troponin.<\/td>\n3. Each mydsin is made up of monomeric protein called meromyosins. Each meromyosin has’ two parts namely head, and arm (or) neck.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Question 4.
\nDistinguish between red muscle fibers and white muscle fibers. Ans.
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Red muscle fiber<\/td>\nWhite muscle fiber<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1. Red muscle fibers are thin and smaller in size.<\/td>\n1. White muscle fibers are thick and larger in size.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2. They are red in colour as they contain large amount of myoglobin.<\/td>\n2. They are white in colour as they contain small amount of myoglobin.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3. They contain numerous mitochondria.<\/td>\n3. They contain less number of mito-chondria.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4. They carry out slow and sustained Contractions for a long period.<\/td>\n4. They cany out fast work for short duration.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Short Answer Questions<\/span><\/p>\n

Question 1.
\nWrite a short note on sliding filament theory of muscle contraction.
\nAnswer:
\nThe sliding filament theory explains the process of muscle contraction. It was proposed by Jean Hanson and Hugh Huxley. It states that contraction of a muscle fiber takes place by the sliding of the thin filaments over the thick filament, which shorfens the myofibril.<\/p>\n

Each muscle fiber contains a special contractile proteins called actin and myosin. Actin is the thin contractile protein present in the light band and is known as the T band, where as myosin is thick contractile protein present in dark band aind is known as ‘A’ band. There is an elastic fiber called ‘Z’ line, that bisets each T band. The central part of the thick filament that pot overlapped by the thin filament is known as the ‘if zone.<\/p>\n

During the muscle contraction, the myosin heads bind to the exposed active sites on the actin molecules and form across bridge. As a result the thin filaments are pulled towards the centre of the A band. The ‘Z’ line attached to the actin filaments is also pulled leading to the shortening of the sarcomere i.e., contraction.<\/p>\n

During the shortening of the muscle the T bands get reduced in length, whereas the A’ bands retain their length and ‘H’ zone disappears.<\/p>\n

\"AP<\/p>\n

Question 2.
\nDescribe the important steps in muscle contraction.
\nAnswer:
\nDuring skeletal muscle contraction, the thin filament slides over the thick filament by repeated binding and releases myosin along the filament.
\nImportant steps in muscle contraction :<\/p>\n

Step 1:
\nMuscle contraction is initiated by signals that travel along the axon and reach the neuro muscular junction. As a result, acetyl choline is released into the synaptic cleft by generating an action potential in sarcolemma.<\/p>\n

Step 2:
\nThe generation of this action potential releases calcium ions from sarcoplasmic reticulum in the sarcoplasm.<\/p>\n

Step 3:
\nThe increased calcium ions in the sarcoplasm leads to the activation of actin sites, then active actin sites are exposed and this allows myosin heads to attach to this site and forms cross bridges by utilising energy from ATP hydrolysis.<\/p>\n

Step 4:
\nThe actin filaments are pulled. As a result, the ‘H’ zone reduces. It is at this stage that the contraction of the muscle occurs.<\/p>\n

Step 5:
\nAfter muscle contraction, the myosin head pulls the actin filament and releases ADP along with phosphate. ATP molecules bind and detach myosin and the cross bridges are broken and decreases the calcium ions contraction. As a result masking the actin filaments and leading to muscle relaxation.<\/p>\n

Question 3.
\nDescribe the structure of a skeletal muscle.
\nAnswer:
\n1) Skeletal muscle is made up of number of muscle bundles (or) fascicles. The fascicles are held together by a common collagenous connective tissue layer called fascia.<\/p>\n

2) Each fascicle contains a number of cylindrical muscle fibers. Each muscle fiber is lined by the plasma membrane called sarcolemma enclosing the sarcoplasm.<\/p>\n

3) Skeletal muscle fiber is a syncytium as each fiber is formed by fusion of embryonic, mononucleate myoblasts. Hence, the skeletal muscle cells are multinucleate, with characteristically peripheral nuclei.<\/p>\n

Question 4.
\nWrite short notes on contractile proteins.
\nAnswer:
\nActin and myosins are contractile proteins.
\nActin :<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Each actin filament is made of two ‘F (filamentous) actin molecules helically wound around each other.<\/li>\n
  2. Each actin is a polymer of monomeric ‘G’ (globular) actin molecules. Two filaments of another protein, called tropomyosin also run close to the ‘F’ actin molecules, throughout their length.<\/li>\n
  3. A complex protein called troponin is distributed at regular intervals on the tropomyosin.<\/li>\n
  4. Troponin is made of three polypeptides namely Tn-T, Tn-I and Tn-C. Tn-T binds to tropomyosin, Tn-I inhibits the myosin binding site on the actin, Tn-C can bind to Ca2+<\/sup> when Ca2+<\/sup> ions are not bound to troponic, which block the active site of actin. When calcium ions attaches to Tn-C, the tropomyosin moves away from the active sites, allowing the myosin heads to bind to the active sites of actin.<\/li>\n
  5. Troponin and tropomyosin are often called regulatory proteins, because of their role in masking and unmasking the active sites.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Myosin:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Myosin, is a motor protein that is able to convert chemical energy in the ATP molecules into mechanical energy.<\/li>\n
    2. Each myosin filament is a polymerized protein, consist of monomeric proteins called meromyosins.<\/li>\n
    3. Each Meromyosin has two important parts, a globular head with a short arm and tail.<\/li>\n
    4. The globular head with arm is composed of heavy meromyosin and the tail is made of light meromyosin.<\/li>\n
    5. The short arm \/ neck serves as a flexible link between the head and tail regions.<\/li>\n
    6. There are about 200-300 molecules of myosin per thick filament.<\/li>\n
    7. The head and short arm project outwards at regular distance and angels from each other from the surface of a polymerized myosin filament and is known as cross arm.<\/li>\n
    8. Each head has two binding sites, one for ATP and other for an active site on the actine molecule.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Question 5.
      \nDraw a neat labelled diagram of the ultra structure of muscle fibre.
      \nAnswer:
      \n\"AP<\/p>\n

      Question 6.
      \nDraw the diagram of a sarcomere of skeletal muscle showing different regions.
      \nAnswer:
      \n\"AP<\/p>\n

      Question 7.
      \nWhat is Cori cycle? Explain the process.
      \nAnswer:
      \nLactate produced by anaerobic glycolysis in the muscle, moves to the liver and i converted to glucose, which then return to the muscles and is converted back to lactate This two way traffic between skeletal muscle and liver is called the Cori cycle.
      \n\"AP<\/p>\n

      Cori cycle :
      \nThe lactate produced during rapid contraction of skeletal muscles under low availability of oxygen is partly oxidized and a major part of it is carried to the liver by the blood, where it is converted into pyruvate and then to glucose through gluconeogenesis. The glucose can enter the blood and be carried to muscles and is immediately converted back to lactate. If by this time the muscles have stopped contraction, the glucose can be used to rebuild reserve of glycogen through glycogenesis.<\/p>\n

      Long Answer Questions<\/span><\/p>\n

      Question 1.
      \nExplain the mechanism of muscle contraction.
      \nAnswer:
      \nMechanism of muscle contraction is best explained by the sliding filament theory. It states that contraction of muscle fiber takes place by the sliding of the thin filament over the thick filaments.<\/p>\n

      Mechanism of muscle contraction :
      \n1. Excitation of muscle :
      \na) Muscle contraction is initiated by the signal sent by central nervous system via a motor neuron.
      \nb) A neural signal reaching the neuromuscular junction releases acetyl choline, which generates an action potential in the sarcolemma.
      \nc) When the action potential spreads to the triad system through T-tubules, the cistemae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum release calcium ions into the sarcoplasm.<\/p>\n

      2. Formation of cross bridge :
      \na) Increase in the Ca2+<\/sup> level leads to the binding of calcium ions to the subunit Tn-C of the troponin of the actin filament (thin). This makes troponin and tropomyosin complex to move away from the active sites of actin molecules.
      \nb) In this stage the myosin head attaches to the exposed active site of actin and forms cross bridges by utilising energy from ATP hydrolysis.<\/p>\n

      3. Power stroke :
      \na) The cross bridge pulls the attached actin filaments, towards the centre of the ‘A’ band.
      \nb) The ‘Z’ lines attached to these actin filaments are also pulled in wards from both sides, there by causing shortening of the sarcomere i.e., contraction.
      \nc) During the shortening of the muscle, the I bands get reduced in length, whereas the ‘A’ bands retain their length.
      \nd) As the thin filaments are pulled deep into the A bands making the H bands narrow, the muscle shows the effect contraction.<\/p>\n

      4. Recovery stroke :
      \na) The myosin goes back to its relaxed state and releases ADP.
      \nb) A new ATP molecule binds to the head of myosin and the cross bridge is broken.<\/p>\n

      5. Relaxation of muscle :
      \na) When motor impulses stop, the calcium ions are pumped back into the sarcoplasmic cistem&e it results in the marking of active sites of the actin filaments.
      \nb) The myosin heads fail to bind with the active sites of actin.
      \nc) These changes Cause the return of ‘Z’ lines back to their original position i.e., relaxation.
      \n\"AP<\/p>\n

      Question 2.
      \nList in sequence, the events .that take place during muscle contraction.
      \nAnswer:
      \nDuring skeletal muscle contraction, the thin filament slides over the thick filament by repeated binding and releases myosin along the filament.<\/p>\n

      The following events take place during muscle contraction:
      \n1. Muscle contraction is initiated by signals that travel along the axon and reach the neuro muscular junction (or) motor end plate. As a result, acetyl choline is released into the synaptic left by generating an action potential in sarcolemma.<\/p>\n

      2. The action potential spreads to the triad system through the T-tubules, the cistemae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum release calcium ions into the sarcoplasm.<\/p>\n

      3. Increase in the calcium ions level leads to the binding of calcium ions to the sub unit Tn-C of the troponin of the thin filament: This makes troponin and tropomyosin complex to remove away from the active sites of actin molecules.<\/p>\n

      4. In this stage, the myosin head attaches to the exposed site of actin and forms cross
      \nbridge by utilising energy from ATP hydrolysis.<\/p>\n

      5. The cross bridge pulls the attached actin filaments towards the centre of the ‘A’ band. The ‘Z’ lines attached to these actin filaments are also pulled inwards from both the sides, thereby causing contraction. During the contraction the ‘I’ bands get reduced in length, where as ‘A’ bands retain their size.<\/p>\n

      6. As the thin filaments are pulled deep into the \u2019A” bands making the ‘H’ bands narrow, the muscle shows the effect contraction.<\/p>\n

      Contraction is turned off by the following sequence of events :
      \n7. Acetyl choline at the neuromqscular junction is broken down by acetyl cholinesterase and this terminates the stream of action potentials along the muscle fibre surface.<\/p>\n

      8. The sarcoplasmic reticulum ceases to release calcium ions and immediately calcium ions are pumped back into the sarcoplasmic cistemae.<\/p>\n

      9. In the absence of calcium ions a change in the configuration of troponin and . tropomyosin i.e., masking of the active sites of the actin filaments.<\/p>\n

      10. The myosin heads fail to bind with active sites of actin. These changes cause the return of ‘Z’ lines back to their original position i.e., relaxation.<\/p>\n

      AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology The Skeleton Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n

      Very Short Answer Questions<\/span><\/p>\n

      Question 1.
      \nName two cranial sutures and their locations.
      \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Coronal suture – between the frontal and parietal bones.<\/li>\n
      2. Lambdoid suture – between the parietal and occipital bones.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Question 2.
        \nName the keystone bone of the cranium. Where is it located?
        \nAnswer:
        \nSphenoid bone is the keystone bone of the cranium, because it articulates with all the other cranial bones. It is present at the middle part of the base of the skull.<\/p>\n

        \"AP<\/p>\n

        Question 3.
        \nHuman skull is described as dicondylic skull. Give the reason.
        \nAnswer:
        \nHuman skull is described as discondytic skull because, two occipital condyles are present one on each side of the foramen magnum. ‘<\/p>\n

        Question 4.
        \nName the ear ossicles and their evolutionary origin in human beings.
        \nAnswer:
        \nEach middle ear contains three tiny bones called ear ossicles. They are ;
        \nMalleus – modification of articular
        \nIncus – modified quadrate
        \nStapes – modified hyomandibula.<\/p>\n

        Question 5.
        \nName the type of joint between a) atlas \/ axis b) carpal \/ metacarpal of the human thumb.
        \nAnswer:
        \na) Joint between atlas \/ axis – Pivot joint<\/p>\n

        b) Joint between carpal \/ meta carpal of the human thumb – Saddle joints.<\/p>\n

        Question 6.
        \nName the type of joint between a) Atlanto – axial joint b) Femur – acetabulum joint.
        \nAnswer:
        \na) Joint between atlanto – axial joint – Pivot joint
        \nb) Joint between Femur – acetabulum joint – Ball and Socket joint.<\/p>\n

        Question 7.
        \nName the typen of joint between a) Cranial bones b) Inter-tarsal joint.
        \nAnswer:
        \na) Joint between Cranial bones-Sutures (Fibrous joint) E.g.: Cororial suture, lambdoid suture. . , .
        \nb) Inter-tarsal joint – Gliding joint.<\/p>\n

        Short Answer Questions<\/span><\/p>\n

        Question 1.
        \nList out the bones of the human cranium.
        \nAnswer:
        \nCranium, the brain box is formed by eight cranial flattened bones. They are ;
        \ni) Frontal bone (1) :
        \nIt forms the forehead, anterior part of the cranial floor and roof of the orbit.<\/p>\n

        ii) Parietal bones (2) :
        \nThey form the major portion of the sides and roof of the cranial cavity.<\/p>\n

        iii) Temporal bones (2):
        \nThey form lateral walls of the cranium as well as housing the external ear.<\/p>\n

        iv) Occipital bone (1):
        \nIt forms the posterior part and most of the base of the cranium.<\/p>\n

        v) Sphenoid bone (1):
        \nIt is present at the middle part of the base of the skull. It is also called keystone bone of the cranium.<\/p>\n

        vi) Ethmoid bone (1) :
        \nIt is present on the midline of the anterior part of the cranial floor.<\/p>\n

        \"AP<\/p>\n

        Question 2.
        \nWrite short notes on the ribs of human being.
        \nAnswer:
        \nThe ribs are thin, flat, curved bones that form a protective cage around the organs present in the human chest. They are comprised of 24 bones arranged in 12 pairs. These bones are divided into three categories :<\/p>\n

        1) True Ribs :
        \nThe first seven pairs of ribs are called true ribs. Dorsally, they are attached to the thoracic vertebrae and ventrally connected to the sternum with the help of hyaline cartilages.
        \n\"AP<\/p>\n

        2) False Ribs:
        \nThe remaining ribs are called false ribs. The 8th, 9th and 10th pairs of ribs do not atriculate directly with the sternum, but joint the cartilaginous parts of the seventh rib. These are called vertebrochondral (or) false rib.<\/p>\n

        3) Floating Ribs :
        \nLast two pairs (11th and 12th) of the ribs are not connected ventrally either to sternum or the anterior ribs, hence called floating ribs.
        \nThe thoracic vertebrae, ribs and sternum together form the rib cage.<\/p>\n

        Question 3.
        \nList the bones of the human fore limb.
        \nAnswer:
        \nEach fore limb of human is made of 30 bones. They are ;<\/p>\n

        Humerus :
        \nLong bone in the fore limb that runs from shoulder to elbow.<\/p>\n

        Radius and Ulna :
        \nThese bones form forearm. It is the region betweeen elbow and the wrist.<\/p>\n

        Carpals :
        \nThese are the bones of wrist, eight in number.<\/p>\n

        Metacarpals :
        \nThe metacarpals form the skeleton of the palm. They are five in number.<\/p>\n

        Phalanges :
        \nThese are finger bones, fourteen in number, three for each finger and two for the thumb.<\/p>\n

        Question 4.
        \nList the bones of the human leg.
        \nAnswer:
        \nEach hind limb of human is made of 30 bones. They are ;<\/p>\n

        Femur :
        \nFemur is the only bone in the thigh. It is the longest, heaviest and strongest bone in human body.<\/p>\n

        Tibia and fibula :
        \nBoth of these bones form lower leg i.e., the region from knee to ankle.<\/p>\n

        Tarsals :
        \nThese are ankle bones, seven in number.<\/p>\n

        Meta tarsals :
        \nThese are five short tubular bones, distal to the tarsals and proximal to phalanges.<\/p>\n

        Phalanges :
        \nFoot has 14 phalanges, each toe has three phalanges, except for the first toe.<\/p>\n

        Patella :
        \nIt is a cup-shaped bone, covers the kneejoint vertically.<\/p>\n

        \"AP<\/p>\n

        Question 5.
        \nDraw a neat labelled diagram of the skeleton of the fore limb of man.
        \nAnswer:
        \n\"AP<\/p>\n

        Question 6.
        \nDraw a neat labelled diagram of pelvic girdle.
        \nAnswer:
        \n\"AP<\/p>\n

        Question 7.
        \nDescribe the structure of synovial joint with the help of a neat labelled diagram.
        \nAnswer:
        \nSynovial joints are characterised by the presence of a fluid filled synovial cavity between the articulating surfaces of the two bones.
        \n\"AP<\/p>\n

        Structure of synovial joint :
        \nSynovial joint is covered by a double layered synovial capsule. The outer layer consist of dense fibrous irregular connective tissue with more collagen fibers. This layer is continuous with the periosteum and resists stretching and prevents the dislocation of joints. Some fibres of these membranes are arranged in bundles called ligaments.<\/p>\n

        The inner layer of synovial capsule is formed of areolar tissue and elastic fibers. It secretes a viscous synovial fluid which contains hyaluronic acid, phagocytes etc., and acts as a lubricant for the free movement of the joints.<\/p>\n

        Long Answer Questions<\/span><\/p>\n

        Question 1.
        \nDescribe the structure of human skull.
        \nAnswer:
        \nThe skull is the bony framework of the head. It is consist of the eight cranial and fourteen facial bones.<\/p>\n

        The cranial bones make up the protective frame of the bone around the brain called cranium.<\/p>\n

        The cranial bones are :
        \ni) Frontal bone (1) :
        \nIt forms the forehead, anterior part of the cranial floor, and the roof of the orbits.<\/p>\n

        ii) Parietal bones (2) :
        \nThey form the major portion of the sides (left and right) and roof of the cranial cavity. They are joined to the frontal bone by a coronal suture and posteriorly to the occipital bone by lambdoid suture.<\/p>\n

        iii) Temporal bones (2) :
        \nThe left and right temporal bones form the lateral walls of the cranium as well as housing the external ear.<\/p>\n

        iv) Occipital bone (1) :
        \nIt forms the posterior part and the most of the base of cranium. It has large opening called foramen magnum. Medulla oblongata passes out through this foramen and joins the spinalcord.<\/p>\n

        v) Sphenoid bone (1) :
        \nIt is present at the middle part of the base of the skull. It is the keystone bone of the cranium, because it atriculates with all other cranial bones.<\/p>\n

        vi) Ethmoid bone (1) :
        \nIt is present on the midline of the anterior part of the cranial floor.<\/p>\n

        Facial region is made up of fourteen facial bones which form upper and lower jaw and other facial structures.<\/p>\n

        The facial.bones are :
        \ni) Nasal bones (2):
        \nThese are paired bones that form the bridge of the nose.<\/p>\n

        ii) Maxillae (2) :
        \nTwo maxillae join together and form the upper jaw. Maxillae bears sockets for lodging the maxillary teeth.<\/p>\n

        iii) Zygomatic bones (2) :
        \nThese are known as cheek bones.<\/p>\n

        iv) Lacrimal bones (2) :
        \nThese are smallest bones of the face.<\/p>\n

        v) Palatine bones (2) :
        \nThey form the posterior portion of the hard palate.<\/p>\n

        vi) Nasal conchae (2) :
        \nThese are scroll like bones that form a part of lateral wall of the nasal cavity.<\/p>\n

        vii) Vomers (1) :
        \nIt is a triangular bone present on the floor of nasal cavity.<\/p>\n

        viii) Mandible (1) :
        \nIt is the lower jow bone. It is “U” shaped and is the longest and strongest of all the facial bones. It is the only movable skull bone.<\/p>\n

        Skeletal structures associated with sense organs :
        \ni) Nasal cavity:
        \nIt is divided into left and right cavities by vertical partition called the nasal septum.<\/p>\n

        ii) Orbits:
        \nThese are bony depressions, which accommodate the eyeballs and associated structures.<\/p>\n

        iii) Ear ossicles :
        \nEach middle ear contains three tiny bones, namely malleus, incus, stapes, collectively called ear ossicles.<\/p>\n

        iv) Hyoid bone :
        \nIt is a single U shaped bone present at the base of the buccal cavity between the larynx and the mandible. The hyoid bone keeps the larynx open.
        \n\"AP<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Andhra Pradesh BIEAP AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology Study Material Lesson 3(a) Musculo-Skeletal System Textbook Questions and Answers. AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology Study Material Lesson 3(a) Musculo-Skeletal System AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology The Musculo Questions and Answers Very Short Answer Questions Question 1. What is a ‘motor unit’ with reference to muscle and … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22538"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22538"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22538\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22539,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22538\/revisions\/22539"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22538"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22538"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22538"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}