{"id":8208,"date":"2023-05-26T11:06:47","date_gmt":"2023-05-26T05:36:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/?p=8208"},"modified":"2023-05-27T17:24:11","modified_gmt":"2023-05-27T11:54:11","slug":"ap-board-8th-class-biology-solutions-chapter-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/ap-board-8th-class-biology-solutions-chapter-8\/","title":{"rendered":"AP Board 8th Class Biology Solutions Chapter 8 Production and Management of Food From Plants"},"content":{"rendered":"

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class Biology Solutions<\/a> Chapter 8 Production and Management of Food From Plants Textbook Questions and Answers.<\/p>\n

AP State Syllabus 8th Class Biology Solutions 8th Lesson Production and Management of Food From Plants<\/h2>\n

8th Class Biology 8th Lesson Production and Management of Food From Plants Textbook Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n

Improve Your Learning<\/span><\/p>\n

Question 1.
\nState reasons why wheat is cultivated in Kharif.
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. The crops grown in the rainy season are termed as Kharif in the months of June to October.<\/li>\n
  2. If we cultivate wheat crop in the month of July it takes 8 – 10 weeks for growing.<\/li>\n
  3. After that flowering will take place. By that time, it would be October.<\/li>\n
  4. Then the night duration extends more than 12\\(\\frac{1}{2}\\) hours. Wheat plants flowering takes place only in long night durations.<\/li>\n
  5. Crop production is based on the flowering of plant. If flowering of plant is more, the crop production also is more.<\/li>\n
  6. Wheat is important cereal crop gained a lot through Green Revolution by developing high yielding hybrid strains.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \"AP<\/p>\n

    Question 2.
    \nRamaiah\u2019s field is flattened. Somaiah\u2019s field has many up and downs. Who will get more crop ?
    \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Generally the fields have a lot of ups and downs even after ploughing. So a leveller is used for levelling the soil.<\/li>\n
    2. By levelling the soil, it becomes flattened, water and nutrients can be reached to every part of the land. It also helps in sowing seeds and planting.<\/li>\n
    3. Because Ramaiah\u2019s field is flattened, he will get more produce than Somaiah.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Question 3.
      \nWhat are the advantages of ploughing?
      \nAnswer:
      \nBefore growing crops ploughing the soil properly is necessary.
      \nAdvantages:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Ploughing loosens the soil and it helps in easier transportation of air and water.<\/li>\n
      2. Water is stored deeply for a long time as the soil is soft.<\/li>\n
      3. Roots penetrate in the deep and can respire well as the air enters easily into the soil.<\/li>\n
      4. Friendly microorganisms and earthworms can grow well when the soil is soft.<\/li>\n
      5. Some foe microorganisms die due to the sun rays.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Question 4.
        \nTreating with fungicides before sowing the seed is necessary. Why?
        \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Sometimes farmers wash seeds with chemicals to protect from pests.<\/li>\n
        2. Medication is done to keep away the seeds from the harmful microorganisms like bacteria, fungi etc.<\/li>\n
        3. So, generally farmers treat the seeds with fungicides before sowing the seeds before making them to germinate.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \"AP<\/p>\n

          Question 5.
          \nWhy do farmers dry the paddy crop after cutting them from fields?
          \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Naturally food produce can be damaged by fungi, pests, rats and bacteria.<\/li>\n
          2. If moisture is also there in the grains, it helps to develop moulds (fungi).<\/li>\n
          3. Such grains neither germinates nor suitable to eat.<\/li>\n
          4. To overcome this problem farmers dry the grains for 2-3 days in sun.<\/li>\n
          5. After drying they keep the grains in jute bags and preserve them in godowns.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Question 6.
            \nGive some examples of plants that grow after replanting.
            \nAnswer:
            \nSeeds that are broadcast in a plot, grow into seedlings. When these plants grow to certain height, farmers pick out the plants (seedlings) from the plots, make bundles and are sown in proper distances. This is called transplantation (replanted)
            \nE.g.: Rice (Sri Vari), Tobacco, Onions, Chillies etc.<\/p>\n

            Question 7.
            \nRahim removed weeds in his crop field, but David did not. Guess who get more yield. Why?
            \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Rahim get more yield than David. Because<\/li>\n
            2. Weeds are the unwanted or undesirable plants which grow in the fields and compete with crop plants for water, nutrients, light and space.<\/li>\n
            3. Because of these plants the crop plants may not grow properly. So they should be removed.<\/li>\n
            4. Otherwise the yield of the crop will be reduced.<\/li>\n
            5. Weeds give shelter for insects, pests and microorganisms and serve as a host for them.<\/li>\n
            6. Weeds are capable of germinating and growing fastern than crop plants. They flower and form seeds much earlier than the crop plants.<\/li>\n
            7. Some weeds disperse pollen grain to air which in turn causes respiratory diseases.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Question 8.
              \nWhat is natural manure? How to prepare it? Give two examples.
              \nAnswer:
              \nNatural manure: A manure made by the decomposition of plants and animal (organic) wastes is called natural manure or natural fertilizer or Bio Fertilizer.
              \nPreparation:<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. These fertilizers are formed by decomposing plant and animal wastes.<\/li>\n
              2. In rural areas farmers keep these plant and animal wastes outside the village in open space.<\/li>\n
              3. Some bacteria like Azatobacter, Nitrobacter decompose and it becomes manure which contain nutrients.<\/li>\n
              4. Wherever the manure is added to the soil, there it provides nutrients to the plants. Examples : Vermi compost, Dung fertilizer.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                Question 9.
                \nWhy do farmers plough their field during summer?
                \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Ploughing loosens the soil and it helps in easier transportation of air and water.<\/li>\n
                2. In summer temperature is very high. So the soil becomes dry. Then the soil becomes very loosly.<\/li>\n
                3. Some foe microorganisms die due to the sunrays.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  \"AP<\/p>\n

                  Question 10.
                  \nRajendar cultivated cotton crop in his field. He did not get sufficient yield. Can you guess the reasons? (OR)
                  \nA farmer cultivated cotton crop in his field. He did not get sufficient yield. Guess any four causes for it.
                  \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. Farmers in our state generally purchase seeds in the nearby market. The grains that are available in the packets play vital role in agriculture.<\/li>\n
                  2. Sometimes the rate of germination of the seeds is not up to the mark, which was labelled on the packet.<\/li>\n
                  3. Sometimes never germinate too.<\/li>\n
                  4. At times, seeds grow into plants but they be sterile.<\/li>\n
                  5. And sometimes the crop may be attacked by the larva of spotted brown boll-worm and pinkish boll-worms.<\/li>\n
                  6. The larva of brown catter pillar sucks the juice from the leaves. The buds and the fruits of cotton plants drop off from the infected plants.<\/li>\n
                  7. The larva of pinkish boll worm of cotton make hole in the stem, flower buds, flowers and fruits. As a result flower buds, cotton bolls drop off.<\/li>\n
                  8. May be these reasons Rajendar did not get sufficient yield.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    Question 11.
                    \nI am a plant. I grow in crop fields. Farmers pluck me. I do not know the reason. Can you tell who am I ?
                    \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. We observe some other plants growing along with the crop plants These are undesirable plants called weeds. They should be removed immediately.<\/li>\n
                    2. The weeds, compete with the crop plants for nutrients, water and light, so he crop plants may not grow properly. This is the reason why they (weeds) should be removed.<\/li>\n
                    3. Besides competition for food, light and water they also work as a carrier for different diseases. They also serve as host for different pests.<\/li>\n
                    4. Some weeds disperse pollen grains to air which in turn causes respiratory diseases.<\/li>\n
                    5. So the farmers pluck the weeds from crop plants by using different methods.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      Question 12.
                      \nWhat do you observe in the experiment of dropping a fist of Bengal gram seeds in water?
                      \na) What are the differences you observed in both the seeds?
                      \nAnswer:
                      \nWe can observe some seeds floated on water, the remaining sank under the water. The seeds which are floated are wrinkled and rough shaped but the sank seeds are round and smooth.
                      \nThe floated seeds are light in weight but the sank seeds are more in weight.<\/p>\n

                      b) Do you know why the floated seeds are lighter in weight?
                      \nAnswer:
                      \nThe floated seeds are not healthy, so they are lighter in weight.<\/p>\n

                      c) Which seeds germinate well? Why?
                      \nAnswer:
                      \nThe seeds which sank in water germinate well because they are healthy.<\/p>\n

                      d) Which seeds would not germinate properly? Why?
                      \nAnswer:
                      \nThe seeds which are wrinkled and rough would not germinate properly. Because the cotyledon inside the seed would not develop healthy.<\/p>\n

                      \"AP<\/p>\n

                      Question 13.
                      \nGo to your nearest fertilizer shop and collect the information about chemical fertilizers and fill the table. Copy the following table in your notebook.
                      \nAnswer:
                      \n\"AP<\/p>\n

                      Question 14.
                      \nPrepare a flow chart from ploughing to yielding in paddy.
                      \nAnswer:
                      \n\"AP<\/p>\n

                      \"AP<\/p>\n

                      Question 15.
                      \nHow do you appreciate the irrigation systems used in the drought prone areas?
                      \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. This method is employed when the availability of water is poor.<\/li>\n
                      2. As the water reaches the plants drop by drop this is called Drip irrigation.<\/li>\n
                      3. A long tube followed by small tubes attached to a motor. The tubes are made holes. So the water comes out from the tube.<\/li>\n
                      4. The holes are arranged in such a way that it provide water exactly at the place where plant roots could receive water.<\/li>\n
                      5. The man\u2019s best technical method of utilizing the water in farming where the conditions are pravailing and in the areas where the availability of water is scanty.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                        Question 16.
                        \nNarendra sprayed over dose of pesticides on his cotton crop. Ramesh says it is a hazard to biodiversity and crop yield. Can you support Ramesh? How?
                        \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        1. In agriculture pests damage the crops. Almost all crops are generally effected by pests.<\/li>\n
                        2. Wheat, Paddy and suagarcane are generally affected by fungal diseases. Groundnut is affected by Tikka disease. The catterpillars of spotted brown boll worm and Pinkish boll worm affect the crop.<\/li>\n
                        3. A wide variety of agricultural and garden pesticides are available. A few derived from neem tobacco and chrysanthemum (Chamanthi) are less dangerous to other living organisms.<\/li>\n
                        4. A wide variety of inorganic and organic pesticides are commonly used D.D.T. (Dichloro diphenoxy Trichloro ethane) BHC (Benzene Hexa Chloride), Chlordane, Endrin, Aldrin, Endosulfan and Diazinon pesticides are usually dusted or sprayed on crops or put in the soil.<\/li>\n
                        5. But pesticides should not use unwisely. They get into the bodies of plants and animals in the soil and water. When these plants are eaten by animals like fish the pesticide get into their bodies.<\/li>\n
                        6. A bird that eat the fish might get a concentrated lethal dose.<\/li>\n
                        7. D.D.T. also accumulate in the egg shells, weakening them and making the shells break before hatching. It is observed D.D.T. is present in the milk of buffaloes and cows.<\/li>\n
                        8. In this way pesticides are passed down the food chain and accumulate in the bodies of higher animals including human beings causing sickness and sometimes death.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          \"AP<\/p>\n

                          Question 17.
                          \nVenkatesh observed the irrigation method for paddy field. He wanted to follow the same practice for his Maize crop. What suggestions do you give him?
                          \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          1. Paddy is grown as a Kharif or a Rabi crop. It requires high temperature of 22\u00b0C to 32\u00b0C and heavy rain fall. It is cultivated heavily in Kharif season.<\/li>\n
                          2. Maize is cultivated in both Kharif and Rabi seasons but heavily in Kharif season. This requires high temeprature (35\u00b0C) with moderate rainfall.<\/li>\n
                          3. So Venkatesh can follow the ame practice for his maize crop as the requirements of both the crops are almost same.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                            8th Class Biology 8th Lesson Production and Management of Food From Plants InText Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n

                            Question 1.
                            \nLook at the picture given below and write the constituents in it.
                            \n\"AP
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nNitrogen (20%), Phosphorus (5%), Potash (10%)<\/p>\n

                            Question 2.
                            \nWhich manure is beneficial?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nNatural manure is beneficial.<\/p>\n

                            Question 3.
                            \nLet us compare both, which manure is beneficial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                            Chemical fertilizers<\/td>\nNatural fertilizers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            1. These are made up of inorganic salts.<\/td>\n1. These are made by the decomposition of plants and animal (organic) wastes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            2. These are prepared in factories.<\/td>\n2. These are prepared in open places.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            3. No humus can be found.<\/td>\n3. Deposits of humus layer is found in the soil.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            4. More amount of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potash deposits in the soil.<\/td>\n4. Potash deposits in the soil.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                            Observe the table carefully, discuss with your teacher and conclude which fertilizer is best to the farmers and why?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nNatural fertilizer is the best because this is made by the decomposition of plants and animal (organic) waste. Deposits of humus layer is found in the soil with less amount of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and potash deposits in the soil.
                            \na) When do farmers irrigate the land?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nAfter applying manure farmers irrigate the land.<\/p>\n

                            b) List out the water resources of your village.
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nWells, ponds, canals, tanks are the water resources.<\/p>\n

                            c) Are they useful to your farmers?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nYes. They are useful.<\/p>\n

                            d) In what way the farmers of your village get water to the fields ?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nFarmers irrigate their fields either manually using bullocks or by using pumps.<\/p>\n

                            \"AP<\/p>\n

                            Question 4.
                            \nWhat are the reasons for high production in Japan?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nJapan has cooler temperature.<\/p>\n

                            Question 5.
                            \nWhat are the reasons for low production in India?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nHigh temperature and uncertainty of rainfall.<\/p>\n

                            8th Class Biology 8th Lesson Production and Management of Food From Plants Activities<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            Activity – 1<\/span><\/p>\n

                            Question 1.
                            \nCROPS IN INDIA:
                            \nObserve the following India map.
                            \n\"AP
                            \na) Are there many crops that are grow in most of the parts of our country? What are they?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nIndia is a unique position to grow almost every possible crop. It is the land of producing a variety of cereals like paddy, wheat, jowar, bajra, maize and ragi, pulses, spices, fruits, vegetables, oil seeds, fibre crops etc.<\/p>\n

                            b) Why such crops are grown all over the country?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nIndia is an agricultural country and people derive their livelihood from agriculture. Agriculture is the back bone of Indian economy.<\/p>\n

                            c) From the above map, which of them are grown in your village?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nRice, pulses, banana, vegetables and leafy vegetables
                            \na) Country: India
                            \nb) State: Andhra Pradesh
                            \nc) Your village: Khajipalem<\/p>\n

                            d) How many days are required for getting the crop?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nNearly 120 days.<\/p>\n

                            e) Is time period for all crops are same?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nThe time peirod for all the crops are not same. They are different from one crop to another.<\/p>\n

                            f) Which crop needs more duration?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nRice and Wheat.<\/p>\n

                            Activity – 2<\/span><\/p>\n

                            Question 2.
                            \nDURATION OF CROP:
                            \na) Write the information in the table.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                            Name of the crop<\/td>\nDuration of the crop<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            1. Paddy<\/td>\n3 to 6 months<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            2. Wheat<\/td>\n110 to 120 days<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            3. Jowar<\/td>\n5 to 7 months<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            4. Bajra<\/td>\n100 to 120 days<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            5. Maize<\/td>\n100 days<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            6. Raagi<\/td>\nMay to Sept., Nov. and Dec.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            7. Pulses<\/td>\n90 to 120 days<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            8. Cotton<\/td>\n165 days<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                            1. Example for long term crops:
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nJowar, red gram.<\/p>\n

                            2. Example for short term crops:
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nPulses like green gram, black gram etc., and onions.<\/p>\n

                            \"AP<\/p>\n

                            Activity – 3<\/span><\/p>\n

                            Question 3.
                            \nWHERE DO CROPS ARE GROWN.
                            \nDiscuss in groups and make a list of these things for the following table.
                            \n\"AP
                            \n1. In which season do you find more varieties of vegetables in the market?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nRainy season.<\/p>\n

                            2. Generally farmers grow varieties of vegetables during rainy season. Can you guess the reason?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nIn rainy season ponds, wells, rivers, ditches are pooled with water.<\/p>\n

                            3. If we cultivate wheat in the month of the November what will happen?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nWe get hot climate from February onwards. It is suitable for maturing the grains. That is the reason wheat is cultivated in the Rabi season only.<\/p>\n

                            Activity – 4<\/span><\/p>\n

                            Question 4.
                            \nPRODUCTION OF PADDY:
                            \na) Go and collect the information through your nearest farmer and fill the following table.
                            \n\"AP
                            \na) In which season farmers get more benefits?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nKharif season<\/p>\n

                            b) Are there any other crops which are growing both Kharif and Rabi seasons?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nPaddy, wheat and maize<\/p>\n

                            c) In which seasons farmers generally get good quality of seeds.
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nKharif and Rabi<\/p>\n

                            d) The quantity of grains is higher in Kharif season than Rabi season. Do you agree this? Give your reasons.
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nThe climate, (the temperature, humidity with abundance of water supply) will be suitable in Kharif season<\/p>\n

                            e) Do you know about third crop?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nThe third crop season known as Zayad, grown in the months of April, May and June.<\/p>\n

                            \"AP<\/p>\n

                            Activity – 5<\/span><\/p>\n

                            Question 5.
                            \nSELECTION OF SEEDS:
                            \nTake some water in glass. Drop a fist of seeds in it. You cam observe some seeds will float on water. Collect those seeds and observe with hand lens and comparing with seeds sink under the water. Write your observations in the table.
                            \n\"AP
                            \na) What are the differences you observed in both seeds?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nSome seeds sank in water, some seeds floated.<\/p>\n

                            b) Do you know why the floated seeds are light in weight?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nThey are unhealthy seeds.<\/p>\n

                            Activity – 6<\/span><\/p>\n

                            Question 6.
                            \nGERMINATION AND SELECTION:
                            \nShow both the seeds in different pots and provide water uniformly, observe the growth of the plants in two pots and make a report.
                            \n1. Which seeds germinate well? Why?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nThe seeds which are smooth and round germinate well because they are healthy seeds. Biology<\/p>\n

                            2. Which seeds do not germinate properly? Why?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nThe seeds which are wrinkled and rough do not germinate properly because they are unhealthy.<\/p>\n

                            3. Were all the seeds were tested like this?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nThe crop plant like Rice, wheat etc.<\/p>\n

                            4. Do you know how the paddy seeds germinate?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nThere are different stages in sprouting of the soaked rice seeds before it is planted.<\/p>\n

                            5. Observe a sprout of paddy. Cam you say which part become root? Which part become shoot im the picture?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nColeoptile become shoot and the part beneath the ground is root.<\/p>\n

                            \"AP<\/p>\n

                            Activity – 7<\/span><\/p>\n

                            Question 7.
                            \nSOWING METHODS
                            \nCollect information from the nearby farmers and fill in the table.
                            \n\"AP
                            \n1. Why the seedlings are replanted at proper distance?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nThey get water, mineral and sunlight equally when they are replanted at proper distance.<\/p>\n

                            2. Do all the crops grow when replanted? Why not?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nMostly all plants will grow.<\/p>\n

                            Activity – 8<\/span><\/p>\n

                            Question 8.
                            \nCROPS AND DISEASES:
                            \nForm a group with 4 to 5 of your classmates, visit nearby field, discuss with farmers about diseases effected by, and how to control them. If you do not know the name of the disease, write its local name or its characters.
                            \n\"AP
                            \n1. Do all the farmers use the same pesticides for the same crop?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nFor different crops different pesticides are used.<\/p>\n

                            2. Is there any disease that you find in all fields?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nNo<\/p>\n

                            3. Where do they buy pesticides?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nFrom government and private agencies.<\/p>\n

                            4. What are the appliances that they use to spray pesticides?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nSprayer or dusters.<\/p>\n

                            5. Did you find any other living organisms dying along with pests due to pesticides ? What are they ?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nYes. Caterpillars, sparrows etc.<\/p>\n

                            \"AP<\/p>\n

                            Activity – 9<\/span><\/p>\n

                            Question 9.
                            \nIDENTIFICATION OF PESTS:
                            \nObserve the plants in a nearby field or in your school garden. Closely observe the leaves and stems to collect the following information. If the character is present put a \u2018S\u2019 mark and if there is no character put \u2018X\u2019 mark.
                            \nName of the plant\/crop : Rice (Blast of Rice)
                            \nPlace: Prakasam
                            \n\"AP
                            \na. Do all the leaves of plant have spots?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nYes, all the leaves of plant have spots.<\/p>\n

                            b. Draw the leaf with these spots.
                            \nAnswer:
                            \n\"AP<\/p>\n

                            c. What is your reason for the leaves which have cutting edges?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nEaten by grasshoppers.<\/p>\n

                            d. Do you find any twilted leaves with insects? How are they?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nInfection occurs on leaf sheaths.<\/p>\n

                            e. Are the scars on the stems is same as spots on leaves?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nYes, the scars on the stems is same as spots on leaves.<\/p>\n

                            f. Collect powdery substance of the spots on leaves and observe under microscope. Write down your observations.
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nFungus produce small spores known as conidia.<\/p>\n

                            Activity – 10<\/span><\/p>\n

                            Question 10.
                            \nPEST CONTROLING PRACTICES:
                            \nIn your village farmers control pests by using different pesticides and insecticides for different crops. For this they use different practices. Ask your elders the names of pesticides that they use in the following pest controlling practices.
                            \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            1. Spraying: Endrin, Diethane, M-45, Eldrine.<\/li>\n
                            2. Dusting: Aldrin, D.D.T.<\/li>\n
                            3. Put in the soil: Zinc, Sulphur, Phosphorous, fluorine<\/li>\n
                            4. Burning and picking are also the practices where they use these: Sugarcane, citrus<\/li>\n
                            5. Bio pesticides: Neem water<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                              Observe the following pest controlling practices
                              \na. Which of the above practices is good?
                              \nAnswer:
                              \nA farmer remove the affected leaves from the plant and burnt them.<\/p>\n

                              b. Why do you think so?
                              \nAnswer:
                              \nBy burning the affected leaves the pests will be controlled.<\/p>\n

                              c. Why did the farmer use two pesticides at a time?
                              \nAnswer:
                              \nAt the first time the pests will be controlled by spraying pesticide, but if we use unwisely, pests become resistant to the pesticides.<\/p>\n

                              d. What will we do to solve the problem?
                              \nAnswer:
                              \nPesticides will be used as per the requirement for the disease.<\/p>\n

                              e. Farmers add manure to the soil.
                              \nWhat they used to add?
                              \nAnswer:
                              \nThey used to add nutrients to the soil.<\/p>\n

                              f. Have you a compost pit in your school \/ house?
                              \nAnswer:
                              \nYes, there is a compost pit in our school. All the waste materials like dry leaves, fruits peel etc. will dump into the pit.<\/p>\n

                              \"AP<\/p>\n

                              Activity – 11<\/span><\/p>\n

                              Question 11.
                              \nWHEN SHOULD FARMERS IRRIGATE THE HELD?
                              \nConsult to the farmers and fill the table with the information to how and when they provide water to various crops.
                              \n\"AP
                              \na. Are all the crops provided with equal amount of water?
                              \nAnswer:
                              \nNo. Irrigation should be done according to nature of the soil and the type of crop to be grown.<\/p>\n

                              b. Why do farmers provide more water to the summer crops?
                              \nAnswer:
                              \nSummer season is the hottest climate so the crops which grow in summer requires high quantity of water.<\/p>\n

                              Weedling:
                              \na. Why should they (weeds) be removed?
                              \nAnswer:
                              \nThe weeds compet with the primary crops for nutrients, water and light because of these plants crop plants may not grow properly. So they should be removed.<\/p>\n

                              Question 12.
                              \nHow sprinklers and drip system are used and write down their merits and demerits.
                              \nAnswer:
                              \nWhen the availability of water is poor, drip irrigation system is used. In this the water reaches the plant drop by drop through sprinklers. So that water comes out from the sprinklers wetting exactly the place of the roots of the plant.
                              \nAdvantages:<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              1. Maximum use of available water.<\/li>\n
                              2. No water being available to weeds.<\/li>\n
                              3. Maximum crop yield.<\/li>\n
                              4. Efficiency use of fertilizers.<\/li>\n
                              5. Less weed growth.<\/li>\n
                              6. Low labour and low operation cost.<\/li>\n
                              7. No soil erosion.<\/li>\n
                              8. Improved infiltration in soil with low in take.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                Disadvantages:<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                1. Sensitivity to clogging.<\/li>\n
                                2. Moisture distribution problem.<\/li>\n
                                3. Salinity hazards<\/li>\n
                                4. High cost compared to furrow.<\/li>\n
                                5. High skills is required for design, install and operation.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                  Activity – 12<\/span><\/p>\n

                                  Question 13.
                                  \nAsk your nearby nursery and know the weeds that grow in different crops. Make a table in your notebook.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                  Name of the plant<\/td>\nWEEDS<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                  1) Paddy<\/td>\nGarika, Wanza, Varipilla Gaddi, Sukha Bhogi, Dharaka, Buradha, Thunga<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                  2) Vegetable crop<\/td>\nGunugu, Gaddi Chamanthi, Jeeluga<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                  3) Cotton fields<\/td>\nPuli chinta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                  4) Mirchi<\/td>\nPuli chinta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                  5) Tobacco<\/td>\nPogaku Malle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                                  Harvesting of paddy:
                                  \na. If the paddy is not dried well enough. What will happen?
                                  \nAnswer:
                                  \nIf moisture is there in paddy grains it helps to develop moulds (fungi). Such grains neither germinate nor suitable to eat.<\/p>\n

                                  b. Where do farmers harvest the crops in your village ?
                                  \nAnswer:
                                  \nFarmers generally used to harvest by using traditional methods.<\/p>\n

                                  c. Is harvesting same for all crops?
                                  \nAnswer:
                                  \nYes.<\/p>\n

                                  \"AP<\/p>\n

                                  Activity – 13<\/span><\/p>\n

                                  Question 14.
                                  \nFind out the methods of harvesting in and around our village and fill the table.
                                  \nAnswer:
                                  \n\"AP<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                  AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class Biology Solutions Chapter 8 Production and Management of Food From Plants Textbook Questions and Answers. AP State Syllabus 8th Class Biology Solutions 8th Lesson Production and Management of Food From Plants 8th Class Biology 8th Lesson Production and Management of Food From Plants Textbook Questions and Answers Improve … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8208"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8208"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8208\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40749,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8208\/revisions\/40749"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8208"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8208"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8208"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}