Class 6

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 4 Water

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Important Questions 4th Lesson Water

6th Class Science 4th Lesson Water 2 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Where do we get water from?
Answer:
We get water from rivers, ponds, lakes, canals and borewells.

Question 2.
For what purpose do we need water?
Answer:
We need water to perform day to day activities like cooking food, washing clothes, cleaning utensils, bathing etc.

Question 3.
Name the two processes responsible for the formation of clouds.
Answer:
Two processes are responsible for the formation of clouds.

1. Evaporation
2. Condensation

Question 4.
Write any natural disasters that are related to water.
Answer:

1. Floods
2. Tsunami
3. Drought

Question 5.
Give some examples of fruits and vegetables that contain more water.
Answer:
Vegetables: Cucumber, tomato, bottle gourd, snake gourd, etc.
Fruits: Watermelon, lemon, orange, muskmelon, mango, etc.

Question 6.
What are the main water sources in villages?
Answer:
In villages wells, canals, tanks, ponds, rivers, etc. are the main water sources.

Question 7.
What are juicy fruits ? Give examples.
A. The fruits that contains more water are called juicy fruits. Ex : Watermelon, grapes, orange, muskmelon. .

Question 8.
What are the forms of water?
Answer:
There are three forms of water in nature. They are
Ice (Solid form), Water (Liquid form) arid Water vapour (Gaseous form)

Question 9.
What is evaporation?
Answer:
The process of water changing into water vapour is called evaporation.

Question 10.
What is a cloud?
Answer:
The water vapour which enters into air through the process of evaporation forms clouds in the sky. .

Question 11.
Define condensation.
Answer:
The process of conversion of water vapour into water is called condensation.

Question 12.
When does a drought occur?
Answer:
If there is no rain for a long period, it may cause drought.

Question 13.
What are hailstones?
Answer:
Big drops of water solidify into ice and fall as pieces of ice known as hailstones.

Question 14.
What do you understand by the word ‘Precipitation’?
Answer:
The kind of weather condition where rain, snow, sleet or hail fall from the sky is called precipitation.

Question 15.
Define the Hydrological cycle.
Answer:
The circulation of water between the earth surface and air is called the Hydrological cycle or water cycle.

Question 16.
What are the main reasons that disturb the water cycle?
Answer:
Deforestation and pollution are the main reasons that disturb the water cycle.

Question 17.
What happens if there is less rainfall or too much rainfall?
Answer:
If there is less rainfall its results in droughts or water scarcity and too much rainfall results in floods.

Question 18.
Name the drought-prone districts in Andhra Pradesh.
Answer:
Ananthapur, Kadapa and Kurnool are drought-prone districts in AP.

Question 19.
Fill the blanks with suitable answers.
A → Water → B
Answer:
A. Ice,
B. water vapour

Question 20.
What is the specific measurement of volume for liquids?
Answer:
Water and other liquids are measured in litres.

6th Class Science 4th Lesson Water 4 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is evaporation? What its importance in our life?
Answer:

• Evaporation is the process of water changing into water by applying heat.
• Evaporation of water helps the atmosphere to provide moisture.
• It helps in the formation of clouds.
• It cools our body from the sweat.

Question 2.
Write the situations of evaporation that we see in our daily life?
Answer:
We observe evaporation by the following situations in our daily life.

• Wet clothes drying under the sun.
• Hot tea getting cold.
• Drying of mopped floor.
• Drying of lakes and rivers
• In the preparation of salt from the sea.
• Grains and fishes dry under the sun.
• In the formation of clouds.

Question 3.
What is the importance of water in our daily life?
Answer:

• Our body needs water to maintain temperature and bodily functions.
• Water helps in digestion of food.
• Water helps to removal of toxins from the body.
• It improves skin moisture.

Question 4.
How do you appreciate the people who dicing a well?
Answer:

• Tapping of ground water by digging a well is tough job.
• The place where the well is to be dug is selected first.
• Workers using cow bars and spades begin to remove the soil at that place.
• The process of digging continues till water in the underground found.

Question 5.
How can you say that three forms of water are interchangeable?
Answer:

• Water is available naturally in three forms as ice, water and water vapour.
• When ice is heated it converts into water and if water is heated it turns into water vapour,
• Where water vapour is cooled it converts into water. If water cooled further, we will get ice.
• So, we can say that three forms of water are interchangeable.
  

Question 6.
Explain how the evaporation takes place.
Answer:

• If water is gently heated, it will become warm and vapour is produced.
• If we heat more it .starts boiling and converts completely into water vapour.
• The amount of heat absorbed by water affects its evaporation.
• If water is heated more, it will evaporate more.

Question 7.
What is the relation between rains arid clouds?
Answer:

• Clouds are formed by evaporation of water.
• When water vapour rises in the sky it forms clouds.
• The clouds are coolecl by cool breeze.
• Then the water present in the clouds condense and they become heavy and descend towards the earth as rain.

Question 8.
Why don’t all clouds cause rain?
Answer:

• The clouds moving in the air are generally at higher levels.
• The cool breeze along with the air makes the clouds cooler.
• Due to this water vapour condenses and causes rain.
• When the warmer air touches the clouds, it makes the water evaporate easily. So that that clouds cannot cause rain.

Question 9.
You might have observed a small dew-drops appeared on grass and leaves of plants. From where do these water-drops came on the leaves and grass?
Answer:

• During the winter season due to low temperature, the fog in the air settle on the grass and plants.
• Due to the transpiration process water is also evaporate through stomata. It also condensed to form fog.
• This fog condensed into tiny droplets of water which is called as dew.
• We can observe this dew only in the early hours of the day.

Question 10.
Have you observed in your daily life where water vapour changes into water? List out them.
Answer:
Yes. Here are the following situations where water vapour changes into water.

• Dew forming on grass and plants in early morning.
• Eye glasses fogging up in a cold winter day.
• Water drops forming a glass holding a cool drink or ice cream.
• Cooked food lid get water drops when the vessel cooled.

Question 11.
What changes do you notice in the sky and in the atmosphere before it rains?
Answer:

• Before the rain the sky becomes dark due to the condensation of the water or the formation of clouds.
• The atmosphere becomes very humid so that we feel so suffocated.
• The sky is covered with rainy clouds and cool wind.
• Some times thundering and sparkling may be occurring.

Question 12.
What are the types of monsoons?
Answer:
There are two types of monsoons in India.
1. South-West monsoon 2. North-East mortsoon

1. South-West monsoon: During the months of June to September clouds are moving along with the winds blowing from western direction. These winds are called SouthWest Monsoon.
2. North-East monsoon: In the months of November and December rains occur due to the movement of clouds in the direction of winds blowing from Eastern side. These winds are called North-East monsoon

Question 13.
How the rain water restores in water sources?
Answer:

• Water that comes from rainfall runs down as small streams.
• These small streams join together and make bigger streams.
• These bigger streams join the rivers.
• The rivers flow down to seas and oceans.
• Some of the rain water seeps into the ground and becomes ground water.

Question 14.
Prepare slogans on Water Conservation.
Answer:

• Water is gift from the creator. Protect it!
• Do the earth a favour- Be a saver.
• Save the water and save the life on the earth.
• Water is essence of life, save rain water.

Question 15.
What precautions do you follow to prevent the water scarcity?
Answer:

• Educate the people to change consumption of water and their life styles.
• Recycle the waste water.
• By following the water management techniques.
• Improve irrigation and agricultural practises
• By following water conservation methods such as rain water harvesting etc.

Question 16.
Which departments serve in natural disaster condition?
Answer:

• National Disaster Relief Force, State Disaster Relief Force, local fire, Health, Police and Revenue department helps the victims of natural disaster.
• Military also participate in relief activities of natural disaster.

Question 17.
What are the reasons for water scarcity?
Answer:
The main reasons for water scarcity are

• Population explosion
• Uneven distribution of rainfall
• Decline of ground water table
• Pollution of water
• Careless use of water

6th Class Science 4th Lesson Water 8 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why the rainy season important for us?
Answer:

• In India, the rainy season is known as Monsoon.
• The season lasts in India for about 3-4 months.
• Indian population mainly depends on agriculture.
• So, the harvesting is largely depending on the quality of rain.
• The rainy season also significant to maintain groundwater levels.
• All the living and non-living things directly of indirectly depend upon the rainy season.
• The monsoon provides us to collect the runoff water by different methods of rainwater harvesting.
• The rains help to replenish the freshwater which is essential for life on the planet.

Question 2.
What are the main types of precipitation? Explain.
Answer:
There are four main types of precipitation. They are rain, sleet, snow and hail.

1. Rain: Water droplets fall when the air temperature is above freezing.
2. Sleet: This occurs when raindrops fall through freezing air, then they turn into pellets of ice.
3. Snow: When the water vapour passes through the very cold air, the water vapour crystallizes and forms snowflakes.
4. Hail: These forms when thunderstorm winds push water back up into the atmosphere. The water turns into ice coated with more water and pushed up to freeze again.

Question 3.
Classify the uses of water in three groups. Uses in a house or a family, for agriculture purposes and others.
Answer:

• Uses of water in a house: For drinking, bathing, washing, cleaning of vessels, toilets etc.
• For agriculture: Water is essential for germination of seeds, irrigation of crops,
• Others: Water helps to maintain our body temperature constant.
  Water is used to generate electricity.
  Water is used in many industries.

Question 4.
Write briefly about the water sources.
Answer:
Water is mainly available in three forms. 1. Ice 2. Water 3. Water vapour
1. Ice:

• It is a solid form of water. Snow occurs naturally.
• It is present in snow-covered mountains, glaciers and polar regions.
• 10% of the land area is covered with glaciers.

2. Water:

• It is a liquid form of water.
• 3/4 th of the earth surface is covered with water.
• It was present in oceans, seas, lakes, rivers and even underground.
• Seawater is salty. But water used by us in our daily purpose is not salty. It is known as freshwater.
• 3% of freshwater is available on earth.

3. Water vapour: The gaseous form of water. It was present in the atmosphere is 0.01%.

Question 5.
How the floods affect human life?
Answer:
Too much rainfall causes floods.
The immediate impacts of flooding include the following:

• Loss of human life,
• Damage to property,
• Destruction of crops,
• Loss of livestock,
• Deterioration of health conditions due to water-borne diseases,
• Destruction of power plants, roads and bridges,
• People forced to leave their own homes,
• Disruption of supply of clean water, transport, electricity, communicating etc.

Question 6.
What are the causes of the droughts? How it affects human life?
Answer:

• When a rainfall is less than normal for a long period of years for a particular region results in drought.
• Deforestation and pollution from factories lead to global warming.
• Global warming changes the atmospheric conditions which are not favourable for clouds to get cooled.
• Consequently, it leads to a decrease the rainfall.

It effects of Human life:

• It is very difficult to get food and fodder.
• Drinking water is scarce.
• People need to travel long distances to collect water.
• The soil becomes dry, agriculture and cultivation become difficult.
• Many people who depend on farming for their livelihood, migrate to other places in search of jobs.
• There is a higher incidence of heatstroke.
• Economic loss and reduced income.

Question 7.
What are the methods of water conservation? Write about water management in briefly.
Answer:
There are mainly two methods followed by us to conserve the water.
1. Water management 2. Rainwater harvesting
1. Water management: Water management consists of the following factors.
a) Bringing awareness about the bad effects of throwing wastes into the water bodies
b) Recycling of water by separating pollutants.
c) Minimizing the use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture. It reduces the pollution of underground water.
d) Controlling deforestation.
e) Adopting drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation in agriculture. In this way, a lesser amount of water can be used for irrigation.

Question 8.
Write about the water conservation method of rainwater harvesting.
Answer:
Direct collection and use of rainwater is called rainwater harvesting There are two types of rainwater harvesting.
a) Collecting water from where it falls.
Ex: Collecting water from the rooftops of the houses or buildings (Roof water harvesting)
b) Collecting flowing rainwater.
Ex: Collecting rainwater by constructing ponds with bund.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Organisms and Habitat

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Important Questions 9th Lesson Organisms and Habitat

6th Class Science 9th Lesson Organisms and Habitat 2 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are living things and non-living things?
Answer:

• The things which possess the characters like growth movement, food, breathing, get rid of wastes, and giving birth to young ones are called living things.
• The things which do not possess these characters are called non-living things.

Question 2.
What are oviparous organisms? Give examples,
Answer:
The organisms which lay eggs are called oviparous organisms. Ex Hen, Crow. Lizard, Snake.

Question 3.
What are viviparous organisms? Give examples.
Answer:
The organisms which give birth to 3’oung ones are called viviparous organisms. Ex: – Man, Cat, Dog, Elephant.

Question 4.
What is a microscope?
Answer:
The microscope is an instrument using for observing minute organisms that we cannot see with our naked eye.

Question 5.
How do you feel when you touch the “Touch me not “plant?
Answer:

• When I touched the leaves of the ‘touch me not’ plant (mimose pudica), The leaves drooped.
• Here, touch is a stimulus to the plant, and folding of leaves are the response of the plant.

Question 6.
Do all the living things grow through out the life?
Answer:

• No all living things do not grow throughout life.
• The plants grow through out life, but the animals grow upto some age only.

Question 7.
Is a dead plant or an animal non-living things?
Answer:

• No, the dead plant, ainimals or any other living beings decompose to form non¬living constituents.
• So we can’t say dead things are non-living things.
• These are intermediate things between living and non-living things.

Question 8.
What are microorganisms?
Answer:
The living things that we can see only under the microscope are called microorganisms.

Question 9.
What is Stimulus?
Answer:
A change in the surrounding that makes an organism to respond is called stimulus.

Question 10.
In which months Pelicans are seen in Kolleru lake?
Answer:
October to March

Question 11.
What is Terrestrial habitat? Name some plants and animals of terrestrial habitat?
Answer:
The plants and animals that live in different places on the land is called Terrestrial habitat. Ex: – Mango, Guava, Sapota, Birds, Man, Snakes, Ants etc.

Question 12.
How can you say “Animals skin is a habitat for some organisms?
Answer:
We often find some insects like a leech on the skin of a buffalo. So buffalo skin is the habitat for that insect.

Question 13.
Where do usually the living organisms stay?
Answer:

• Living organisms have different needs.
• They usually stay in the places where most of their needs are met, that is they get sufficient food, shelter and other conditions necessary for life.

Question 14.
Which animals and plants do you think would like on the surface of the pond?
Answer:
The organisms like a snail, whirling beetle and pond skaters live on the surface of water.

Question 15.
Can different places in the pond also be called habitat? Why? or why not?
Answer:
Yes, different places in the pond can also be called habitat. Why because. Ex : Plant. The plant in a pond habitat provide food oxygen and shelter for the animals. There are different places where plants and animals live. A pond is a habitat too.

Question 16.
Name the different organisms that you find on the tree?
Answer:
Birds, Monkeys, Squirrels, Snakes, Ants, Spiders, Caterpillars, Moths, Bees, Wasps, Small plants (mosses), mosquitoes are some organisms that I find on a tree.

Question 17.
Why do only certain types of animals and plants live along with us?
Answer:

• Because these plants and animals serve us.
• These plants and animals are sure of their shelter, and food.
• We domesticate some types of animals and plants for our needs such as food.

Question 18.
Are all plants that grow in an orchard the same as the plants in a forest? Why is it so?
Answer:

• In an orchard, only fruit plants are grown.
• Tamarind, mango, amla are examples of plants that grow in forests.

Question 19.
Give examples for desert plants?
Answer:
Cactus, Optunia, Aloevera.

Question 20.
Which animals and plants do you think would live in midwater?
Answer:
Great water boatman, Leech, Mosquito larvae, Fish and Crabs.

6th Class Science 9th Lesson Organisms and Habitat 4 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Which characteristics are same in the both living and non-living things?
Answer:

• All living and non-living things are made up of matter.
• All living and non-living things have mass and occupy space.
• Both are made up of structural units.
• Molecule is the structural unit of living and non-living things of the cell.

Question 2.
Do you think both living and non-living things are necessary for our environment, why?
Answer:

• Yes, both living and non-living things are necessary for our environment.
• For example, a plant is a living thing. It takes water and minerals from the soil for its survival.
• It means living things depend upon non-living things. This keeps our environment, well.

Question 3.
Vamsi argues with his friend Ramu about seed is living one. Think what questions does Ramu ask?
Answer:

• Is seed growing?
• Is there movement in a seed?
• Does the seed take food?
• Can the seed breathe?
• How can the seed get rid of wastes in it?

Question 4.
Write down the steps of the experiment that you did in the lab to observe micro-organisms in pond water, well and borewell?
Answer:

• Collect water samples from a pond, well, and bore well.
• Keep them separately.
• Put a water drop on a slide keep a coverslip on it.
• Observe under a microscope.
• We can see different types of micro-organisms in the above three.

Question 5.
What are the different habitats around us?
Answer:

• We find animals living on trees, in our houses, in different areas in the pond, in a small pool of water after rains and in several other places.
• As the area increases, the type and number of organisms living there usually increase.
• You would find more type of organisms living in your house than your hair, and more in the pond than your house, more in the lake than your pond and so on.
• These larger areas are suitable for supporting the life of more organisms.

Question 6.
What are aquatic plants, aquatic animals and aquatic habitat?
Answer:

• In all ponds we can see both plants and animals.
• The plants that we see in water are called aquatic plants.
• Animals are called aquatic animals.

Question 7.
Our house is also a habitat comment on this?
Answer:

• We can say that our house is also a habitat.
• Several animals like dogs, cats, goats, cows, birds, spiders, ants and cockroaches live with us.
• Plants like the money plant and some crotons are also kept inside our houses.

Question 8.
Write a note on desert plants?
Answer:

• Cactus, acacia, aloe vera, plants do not need water.
• They are called desert plants. We can see camels frequently in the desert.
• Desert plants and animals are suited to dry conditions and vast temperature differences.

Question 9.
Rajesh does not want to disturb squirrels that eat fruits on the guava tree at his house. Why does he do so?
Answer:

• The animals take food whenever they get it.
• If they are disturbed during their eating, they get annoyed and may behave with perversion.
• Rajesh does not like to interfere with the nature as its adverse effects reflects on our quality of life.

Question 10.
Why should we take responsibility towards our pet animals?
Answer:

• We should take care of our pet animals. Ex : Dog, Parrots, Cow, etc.
• Keeping their sheds clean, supplying fodder and water to them is our responsibility.
• If we show concern for animals they become affectionate to us.
• You notice your pet dog licks your feet, wags its tail, sits near you and walks with you.

6th Class Science 9th Lesson Organisms and Habitat 8 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Describe the structure of the microscope.
Answer:

• The microscope is an instrument with the help of which we are able to see minute things that we cannot see with our eyes.
• It works like a hand or magnifying lens but it is much more powerful.
• Basically, there are two components in a microscope the structural component and a visual component.
• The structural component are the head/body base and arm.
• Visual components are eyepiece, objective, nose piece coarse and fine adjustment knobs, stage, aperture etc.

Question 2.
What happens if a habitat is disturbed or destroyed?
Answer:
Habitat is a place where many kinds of species that are diversified in nature stays together. When a habitat is being destroyed or destructed due to the less availability of food and other resources they either die or shift to some place else. This results in the instability of the balance in ecosystem.

Question 3.
Why birds are migrating from one place to other place?
Answer:

• Different kinds of birds come from long distances to Kolleru and Pulicat lakes of our state.
• During the months of October to March, Pelican birds appear on those lakes.
• Generally we can see birds flying over long distances to find suitable conditions for reproduction.
• Animals like turtles move away from coasts of West Bengal and Odisha to the coasts of Vishakhapatnam.
• Some fishes like Pulasa migrate from sea water to river water.

Question 4.
Write a note on organisms in water?
Answer:

• Collect water samples from a pond well, bore well and keep them separately.
• Put a drop of water in a slide. Keep another slide on it.
  
• Observe under microscope.
• All water samples do not have the same type of microorganisms.
• There is no water without microorganisms.
• We find difference in the appearance of microorganisms in pond water and bore well water.

Question 5.
Observe the figure and answer the following questions.

a) Does the seed take in food?
b) Is it possible to store the seed for long time?
c) What happens when a seed is shown in soil?
d) How can say that seed is a living thing?
Answer:
a) No. The seed doesn’t take in food. Seed itself carry the food that helps the new plant begin to grow.
b) Yes if we preserve it carefully we can store the food for a long time.
c) It starts to germinate.
d) Seeds germinate and turn into a whole plant. So we can say that seed is a living thing.

Question 6.
What happens if we encroach the habitat of animals?
Answer:
If we encroach the habitat of animals, they may fall in danger.

• Animals are partners of our Habitat.
• They also have a right to live.
• We people are encroaching their habitats.
• If we cut a tree, birds that live on it lose their nests and fall in danger.
• We often see dogs, cows, monkeys suffering from lack of food and shelter.
• There are some voluntary organizations that work for animal rights and protection.
• We have to provide food and protect them, it is our responsibility.

Question 7.
Name some organisms in the pond that can stay in different regions in the same pound. What makes them stay in different regions in pond?
Answer:
The surface of pond:

• Dragonfly, mayfly, snail, kingfisher whirling beetle and pond skater, etc. are found on the surface of the pond.
• However there is plenty of food and air and this is why fish usually come to the surface for feed.

Mid water:

• In mid-water great water boatman, leech and mosquito, larvae fish, and crab are found.

Pond margins:

• In the pond margins animals like frogs, cranes, crabs are found.
• Fish usually lay eggs here.

Bottom of the pond:

• At the bottom plants like hydrilla, and animals like mussels and flatworms live here. Because of their habitat and adaptation, the organisms’ make them to stay at different regions in the pond.
• Light is minimum here but food in the form of dead and decaying matter is in plenty.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 3 Animals and their Food

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Important Questions 3rd Lesson Animals and their Food

6th Class Science 3rd Lesson Animals and their Food 2 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Define herbivores.
Answer:
The animals which feed on only plants and plant products is called herbivores.

Question 2.
Define carnivores.
Answer:
The animals that feed on only animals are called carnivores.

Question 3.
Define omnivores.
Answer:
The animals that feed on both plants and animals are known as omnivores.

Question 4.
What are frugivorous animals?
Answer:
The animals feed mostly on raw fruits, succulent fruits like vegetables, roots,, shoots, nuts and seeds are called frugivorous animals.

Question 5.
In which animals are common in frugivorous animals?
Answer:
Mammalian herbivores are frugivorous animals commonly.

Question 6.
What are the senses used by animals to track food?
Answer:
Animals use a wide range of senses to track food such as – smell, sight, hearing, taste and touch.

Question 7.
Which parts in the animal’s body are used to collect the food?
Answer:
Many animals use the parts in their body such as mouth,- hands, or feet-, teeth, claws, and tongue to collect the food.

Question 8.
Give examples of animals that use the visionary sense to find its food.
Answer:
Vulture and eagle use their visionary sense to find their food.

Question 9.
Give examples of animals use the sense of touch to find their food.
Answer:
Spiders and pond skaters use the sense of touch to find their food.

Question 10.
What are pond skaters?
Answer:
Pond skaters are the insects that lives on the surface of the pond and feed op other insects at the pond.

Question 11.
Name some animals which use the tongue as a tool for taking food.
Answer:
Frog, lizard, dog, chameleon, echidna etc.

Question 12.
Which part helps the leech to lake food in?
Answer:
Suckers in the mouth help the leech to take food in.

Question 13.
Name the birds which have strongly hooked beak, and long beak?
Answer:
Strongly hooked beak – Vulture.
Long beek- Crane.

Question 14.
How the hummingbird takes its food?
Answer:
Hummingbird sucks nectar from the flowers with its long thin beak.

Question 15.
What is the similarity do you find in the duck teeth and fish teeth?
Answer:
Duck teeth and fish teeth act as filters to get food from the water.

Question 16.
Which parts of a cow’s mouth involved in eating its food?
Answer:
Jaws, teeth, and tongue are involved in eating its food.

Question 17.
Give examples for natural scavengers.
Answer:
Crows, Vultures are examples for natural scavengers.

Question 18.
Which parts help the wild animals for hunting?
Answer:
Wild animals like tiger and lion has strong legs to run, sharp claws to catch and sharp teeth to tear flesh.

Question 19.
Which animals have a similar mechanism as frogs to get in food?
Answer:
Lizard and chameleon have a similar mechanism to get their food.
These animals use their tongue as a tool to pick its food.

Question 20.
What is a food chain?
Answer:
The feeding relationship between different organisms in a particular habitat is called food chain.

Question 21.
Define food web.
Answer:
A food web is the natural interconnection of food Chains in a particular habitat.

Question 22.
How can you say that ants are good farmers also?
Answer:

• The ants cut leaves into pieces and create a bed to grow a type of fungus which they eat.
• As they cultivate a fungus, they are said be good farmers also.

Question 23.
What are producers? Give examples.
Answer:
Producers are organisms that make their own food. Ex: All plants.

Question 24.
What is a primary consumer? Give examples.
Answer:
A primary consumer is an organism that feeds on producers for their energy. Ex: Deer, Cow, Goat.

Question 25.
What is a secondary consumer? Give examples.
Answer:
A secondary consumer is an organism that feeds on the primary consumer for energy. Ex: Hen, Wolf, Fox, Fish

Question 26.
What is a tertiary consumer? Give examples.
Answer:
A tertiary consumer is an organism that feeds on a secondary consumer. Ex: Tiger, Lion.

Question 27.
What are decomposers? Give examples.
Answer:
Decomposers are an organism that breakdown dead or decaying organisms. Ex: Bacteria, Fungi.

6th Class Science 3rd Lesson Animals and their Food 4 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How can you say that animals use some senses more strongly than the others?
Answer:

• Animals use different senses to find out their food.
• They are – smell, touch, hearing, sight and taste.
• For example, dogs use the sense of smell, while vulture use vision.
• Bats depends on hearing, while some reptiles on taste.

Question 2.
How the pond skaters found their food?
Answer:

• Pond skaters are insectivorous as they eat insects.
• Pond skaters detect ripples produced in water by other insects.
• They compare the ripples on the opposite sides of the pond caused by the legs of the insect struggling to move out.
• Pond skater calculate the distance and set out to grab it.

Question 3.
“The same part may be used in different ways by different animals. How can you support this?
Answer:

• The same part of animals used by different ways by different animals.
• Ex: Tongue used by dog in a different manner as compared to frog.
• The dog licks with its tongue while the frog captures and swallows it.

Question 4.
“Different parts may be used to take in the same type of food. ” How can you agree with this statement?
Answer:

• The same type of food is taken by different animals by using their different body parts.
• Ex: Insects are the food for hen and frog, but the body parts are different to take in.
  Hens use their beak to pick insects, while frogs use their tongue to grab the insect into the mouth.

Question 5.
How leeches get their food?
Answer:

• We will find leeches near water.
• Leeches stick on to the skin and suck the blood of cattle as well as humans.
• They have special structures called suckers in their mouth.
• With the help of sucker, the suck the blood from the animal.

Question 6.
How is the shape of bird’s beak related to what it eats?
Answer:

• The beaks are different because the birds eat different kind of food.
• The shape of bird’s beak is designed for eating a particular type of food such as seeds, fruits, insects, nectar, fishes and other small animals.

Question 7.
What is the speciality duck beak than other birds?
Answer:

• Ducks are mostly aquatic birds.
• Ducks have teeth, but they are not like the teeth of a cow or lion.
• They are not useful in grinding food.
• They act as filters: to get food from water.

Question 8.
How do animals eat?
Answer:

• Plants and animals are the main sources of food in our surroundings.
• Every animal has its own style of getting food.
• They track down, collect, grab or hunt to get their food.
• They use the various parts of the body to take food into the mouth finally.

Question 9.
How does a frog get its food?
Answer:

• Frog eat bugs, spiders, larvae and small fish etc.
• The frog throws out its sticky tongue towards the art insect.
• The insect gets stuck on the frog’s tongue.
• Then the frog swallows it.

Question 10.
How does a cow get its food?
Answer:

• Cow depend on plants for food, so it is an herbivore.
• Cows chew the food quickly and swallows and store it in a part of their stomach.
• After sometime, they take food material back from the stomach to the mouth and chew it again.
• This process is called rumination. In this process jaws, tongue, teeth are involved.

Question 11.
Write about rumination?
Answer:

• Rumination is a process in which the animals bring the previously consumed food into the mouth once again and chew it.
• It is also defined as the action of chewing.
• This process is commonly seen in the animals such as cattle, sheep, goat, deer, camel, buffalo, giraffes.
• Jaws, tongue, teeth are involved in this process.

Question 12.
How a dog gets its food?
Answer:

• Dog is an omnivorous animal.
• It senses the food with smell.
• Mouth, teeth, tongue, legs, nails are involved in taking the food.
• The dog licks water with its tongue and drink it.

Question 13.
Distinguish the difference between food chain and food web.
Answer:

Food chain	Food web
1. It is a single path of energy flow in an ecosystem.	1. It is a multiple paths of energy flow in an ecosystem.
2. It is a feeding relationship between  different organisms in a particular habitat.	2. It is an inter connection of food chains in a particular habitat.
3. It can be represented in a straight line.	3. It is branched structure with several food chains.

Question 14.
What is the importance of decomposers in a food chain?
Answer:

• Bacteria and fungi are decomposers.
• Decomposers break down dead plants and animals.
• They return the nutrients into the soil for other organisms to use.
• They help in the cycling of materials between producers, consumers, and soil.

Question 15.
What are the similarities and differences found in the birds’ duck and crane?
Answer:

• Duck and crane both are aquatic birds.
• Duck and crane use their beaks to catch the fish.
• The crane has a long beak to catch the fish in the water.
• The duck beak is broad and flat and has teeth. The teeth act as filters to get food from the water.

Question 16.
How the beak of a crow differs from the beak of a parrot?
Answer:

• Parrot and crow both are omnivorous animals that eat both plants and animals.
• The parrot has a hooked bill to eat fruits and crack the nuts.
• It is also used for climbing as well as manipulating and crushing objects.
• The crow has a large strong beak to eat fruits, seeds, insects, fishes, and other small animals.

Question 17.
What are natural scavengers? What it’s importance in nature?
Answer:

• Scavengers are the organisms that feed on the dead and decaying matter.
• these help the environment to be clean by eating out all the waste matter.
• They keep our surroundings clean in this manner.
• Ex: Crows, vultures, and some insects.

Question 18.
What is the difference between producers and consumers?
Answer:

Producers	Consumers
1. Producers make their own food.	1. Consumers depends on plants and animals for their food.
2. Producers get energy from sunlight to prepare the food.	2. Consumers get energy from producers or from other consumers.
3. Plants are producers.	3. Animals are consumers.

Question 19.
Draw a neat diagram of the beaks of a parrot and eagle.
Answer:

Question 20.
Draw a neat diagram of the beaks of duck and sparrow.
Answer:

Question 21.
Draw a schematic diagram showing the energy flow in a food chain.
Answer:

6th Class Science 3rd Lesson Animals and their Food 8 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write any four birds and their food habits and their beak types in a tabular form.
Answer:

Bird name	Beak	Feed on
Woodpecker	Long and strong beak	Ants and pest
Crane	Long beak	Fish
Vulture	Strong hooked beak	Flesh of animals
Parrot	Hooked beak	Fruits and nuts

Question 2.
Collect the information from the library or internet about the examples of animals and what their colonies are called?
Answer:
Group of birds – Folk
Honey bees colony – Beehive
Group of grasshopper – Locust
Group of camels – Caravan
Elephant colony – A parade
Leopard colony – A leap
Tiger colony – Ambush
Kangaroo colony – Mob
Lions colony – A pride
Owls colony – A parliament

Question 3.
Write a note on the wonderful world of ants.
Answer:

• Ants are social insects, which means they lice in a group or colony by sharing works.
• Ant colonies are highly organized, usually ruled by a single queen ant.
• In a colony the ants are categorized as workers, soldiers, female and male ants.
• The workers collect and maintain food stock for others in the colony along with several other duties.
• Ants kept a type of insect called aphid for honeydew.
• Ants are good farmers as well.
• They cut leaves into pieces and create a bed to grow a type of fungus that they eat.

Question 4.
What are the levels of the food chain? Describe.
Answer:
There are four levels in a food chain. They are:

1. Producers: The first level of the food chain. They make their own food and provide food to all other organisms.
2. Primary consumers: This is the second level of the food chain. They depend on producers for food. They include herbivores such as insects, rabbits, cows etc.
3. Secondary consumers: This is the third level of the food chain. They depend on primary consumers for their food. They include carnivores such as birds, frogs, fox, etc.
4. Tertiary consumers: The fourth or top level of the food chain. They depend on secondary consumers for their food. They include carnivores that feed on other carnivores. Ex: Lion, Eagle, Tiger, etc.

Question 5.
Draw the diagrams of different beaks of birds.
Answer:

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 3 Animals and their Food Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 3rd Lesson Animals and their Food

6th Class Science 3rd Lesson Animals and their Food Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.

1. The butterfly uses ——– to suck honey from flowers.
Answer:
Proboscis.
2. Tiger is a ——– because it eats only meat.
Answer:
carnivore.
3. Decomposers are also called ——–
Answer:
Recyclers.

Choose the correct answer.

1. The source of energy for a food chain is
A) Producers
B) Consumers
C) Sun
D) Decomposers
Answer:
C) Sun

2. Identify the omnivore from the following.
A) Lion
B) Cow
C) Dog
D) Tiger
Answer:
C) Dog

3. At which position of the food chain would you place a human being
A) Primary consumer
B) Secondary consumer
C) Tertiary consumer
D) All the above
Answer:
C) Tertiary consumer

Answer the Following Questions.

1. List some animals in your surroundings which have the same kind of food habit.
Answer:

• Cow, buffalo, goat and sheep have some kind of food habit as an herbivore depend upon the plants for food.
• Dog and cat depend upon meat, milk and curd.

2. Compare the legs and nails of a dog and hen and say why they are different?
Answer:

Dog	Hen
1. Legs of dog is longer and has four legs.	1. Legs of hen is shorter and has 2 legs.
2. The legs are muscular and strongly jointed.	2. The legs are thin them dog’s leg.
3. It has hard and slight curved nails.	3. It has thin, sharp and slightly elongated nails.
4. It uses its legs to run and catch the prey.	4. It uses legs to dig the ground to find food.
5. The nails are used for tearing the flesh.	5. Nails are useful for scratching the soil to pick up worms.

3. Name some animals which use tongue as a tool for taking in food.
Answer:
Frogs, lizards, garden lizard, chameleon, echidna use tongue as a tool for taking in food.

4. Identify which of the following statements are wrong and give reasons.
(a) All the animals living in water feed only on plants.
(b) Elephants and deer are herbivores living in the forest.
(c) Birds’ beaks are designed to suit their food habits.
(d) Sharp claws are useful for hunting.
(e) Most of the food chains end with herbivores.
Answer:
a) All the animals living in water feed only on plants.

• This statement is wrong. There are many animals living in water which eat animals.
  Ex: A blue whale in the sea eats tiny animals called krill.

b) Elephants and deer are herbivores living in the forest.

• This statement is correct as elephants and deer are herbivores living in the forest.

c) Bird’s beaks are designed to their food habits.

• This statement is correct as bird’s beaks are designed to their food habits.

d) Sharp claws are useful for hunting.

• This statement is correct.
• Sharp claws of some animals meant for tearing the flesh of prey. And also help to increase traction to run faster as in the case of cheetah.
• In some animals claws help holding the grip for running while hunting.
• In the hen the claws are helpful to scratch the soil to find worms.

e) Most of the food chains end with herbivores.

• This statement is wrong.
• The food chain starts with herbivores and ends with carnivores which are wild.

5. Write the importance of the food chain.
Answer:

• The food chain shows how energy is transferred from one living organism to another organism.
• It describes energy and nutrients move through an ecosystem.
•  It shows the relationship between producers and consumers.
• It explains the interdependence of diverse organisms in nature.

6. Arrange the following in a correct sequence and form a food chain
1. Rabbit → Carrot → Eagle → Snake
2. Human → Insect → Algae → Fish
Answer:
1. Carrot → Rabbit → Snake → Eagle
2. Algae → Insect → Fish → Human

7. If you want to understand more about food chain what questions would you like to ask?
Answer:

• What is food chain?
• How does animals and plants dependent on one another?
• How does energy flow with in an ecosystem?
• Is there any relation of food habits of animals with that of living ecosystem?
• How the nature balances the ecosystem?
• Why the food chain always starts with plants?

8. What happens if there are no decomposers on the earth?
Answer:

• Bacteria and fungi are get energy by breakdown of dead plants and animals. So, they are called decomposers.
• They help in the cycling of materials in the environment.
• If there were no decomposers the dead and waste materials remains on earth.
• The nutrients would not be replenished.
• Natural enrichment of the soil cannot takes place.
• Because of the dead organisms remain on earth, the existence of life on earth would have been impossible.

9. Draw a food chain of your choice.
Answer:

10. How can you appreciate the role of producers in a food chain?
Answer:

• Plants are known as producers, as they make their own food.
• Plants are the only organisms which provide food for all organisms in an ecosystem.
• In an ecosystem, Producers are at base of entire food chain.
• Plants not only provide the food but also oxygen to the earth.
• Plants are the precious things to continue the life on earth.

Activities and Projects

Question 1.
Go to a nearby pond where cranes are usually seen. Observe how they catch fish. Write about the process of catching fish. (Take care of yourself when you are near water places.)
Answer:

• The crane usually has been seen in lakes and the fishes are food for that.
• The long thin legs that it has helps it to move in the water without disturbing the water.
• While catching the fish it tries to move very slowly.
• So that the fishes don’t know its presence it also can stand still for a long time for hunting of fishes.
• Crane used to catch the fish with the help of their long beak.

Question 2.
Collect one or two earthworms and put them in a bottle containing wet soil. Close it with a lid that has holes. Observe how earthworms get their food. Record your observations.
Answer:
Aim: To observe the eating activity of earthworms in the wet soil.
What we want: Two earthworms, one glass bottle, wet soil.
What to do: Take a glass bottle and fill it with some wet soil.

• Now kept the two earthworms in the soil filled bottle.
• Observe them for sometime.

What do we see: We observed that the earthworms are started swallowing soil in, little quantities.
What we learned: With the above observations we concluded that the earthworms are feed on moist soil which contains nutrients.

Question 3.
Fill up the following table

Body part used to collect food	Examples
Beak	Hens,…
Tongue
Teeth
Sucker
Strong legs with claws

Answer:

Body part used to collect food	Examples
Beak	Hens, crane, parrot, eagle, humming bird.
Tongue	Lizard, frog, snake, garden lizard, chameleon, dog.
Teeth	Cat, dog, tiger, lion.
Sucker	Leech.
Strong legs with claws	Tiger, lion, dog.

Question 4.
Make your own food chain and display it in your classroom.
Answer:
Plant → Caterpillar → Chameleon → Snake → Mangoose
(This food chain can make with diagrams of those animals) (Student Activity)

Question 5.
Prepare a scrapbook of animals and separate them into carnivores, omnivores and herbivores.
Answer:
Students can collect the pictures of different animals and after dividing them into carnivores, omnivores and herbivores they can be pasted under these heads separately in the scrapbook. (Student Activity)

6th Class Science 3rd Lesson Animals and their Food Activities

Activity – 1

Some animals are listed in the given Table -1. For some the animals, the type of food they eat is also given. Fill the blanks in Table.

Name of the animal	Food the animal eats
Buffallo	Grass, oil cake, hay, grains
Cat	Small animals, Birds, Milk
Rat
Lion
Tiger
Spider
House Lizard
Cow
Human Beings
Butterfly
Crow
Others

Answer:

Name of the animal	Food the animal eats
Buffallo	Grass, oil cake, hay, grains
Cat	Small animals, Birds, Milk
Rat	Seeds, insects, small animals
Lion	Deer, jiraffee, fox etc.
Tiger	Other animals
Spider	Beetles, flies
House lizard	Worms, insects
Cow	Grass, oil cake, hay, grains.
Homan beings	Rice, eggs, milk, meat etc.
Butterfly	Nectar
Crow	Small animals, insects

Answer the following questions based on the table.
i) List the animals that depend only on plants and their products for food.
Answer:
Buffalo, cow, butterfly.

ii) List the animals that depend only on animals and their products for food.
Answer:
Cat, lion, tiger, house lizard, spider.

iii) List the animals that depend on both plants and animals for food.
Answer:
Rat, cow, crow and human beings.

Activity – 2

2. Write the parts of the body animals that are used to collect or capture food in the given table.

S. No.	Animal	Sense used in tracking food	Body parts-used in taking food
1.	Dog	Smell	Sharp teeth, Tongue
2.	Cow
3.	Hen		Beak
4.	Frog
5.	Snake
6.	Bat
7.	Lizard
8.	Vulture
9	Lion		Legs, Claws, Mouth ….
10.	Humming Bird

Answer:

S. No.	Animal	Sense used in tracking food	Body parts used in taking food
1.	Dog	Smell	Sharp teeth, tongue
2.	Cow	Smell, vision	Mouth, tongue
3.	Hen	Vision	Beak, claws
4.	Frog	Touch	Tongue
5.	Snake	Taste, Smell	Mouth, teeth
6.	Bat	Hearing	Mouth, tongue
7.	Lizard	Vision, hearing	Mouth, tongue
8.	Vulture	Vision, smell	Beak, claws
9.	Lion	Vision, hearing	Legs, claws, mouth
10.	Humming bird	Smell, taste	Beak

Answer the following questions based on the above table.
i) Do all the animals use similar parts in taking in food?
Answer:

• No. All animals do not use similar parts in taking in food.
• Ex: Cow and lizard uses mouth and tongue, whereas hen and humming bird uses beak taking in food.

ii) Name some animals which use similar parts in taking in food?
Answer:
The animals that use some parts for taking food are

1. Hen, humming bird, vulture use their beak to get food.
2. Cat and dog – use their sharp teeth to tear the food in pieces.
3. Lizard and frog – use their tdngue to capture the food.
4. Lion and tiger – uses their strong legs to run for chasing the animal, sharp claws to catch and sharp teeth to tear flesh.

iii) Compare the parts of dog to that of frog. Note down the similarities as well as differences observed by you.
Answer:
Dog uses smell sense to trick the food whereas frog have a smell organ in the roof of their mouth called the jacobsons organ. This detects food.

• Dog and frog both use the tongue in taking food.
• The dog uses its teeth and nails in capturing the food, while frog uses its sticky tongue to capture the food and swallows it.

iv) Compare the parts of hen and sparrow in eating food. Note down the similarities as well as differences you observed.
Answer:
Similarites:

• Hen and sparrow use their beaks to take the food in.
• Both are finding out their food by using the vision, as a sense.
• Hen and sparrow both feeds on grains, worms and insects.

Difference:

• Hen uses its claws to scratch the soil to find out worms whereas sparrows feed on the insects / worms which are present on plants.

v) What are the similarities between a dog and a lion in the parts involved in taking in food?
Answer:

• The dog licks with its tongue and runs fast.
• The lion hunts the other animals. It uses strong legs to run sharp claws to catch and sharp teeth to tear the flesh.
• The claws of the lion are also sharp to hold the animal.
• Dog also uses its teeth and nails in capturing its food.

vi) What are the similarities and differences between a vulture and a lion in their mode of taking in food?
Answer:

• Both lion and vulture are carnivores.
• They both have sharp vision and use their sharp claws to tear the flesh.
• Lion hunts animals staying on land.
• Vulture hunts its food by flying high in the sky.

Activity – 3

3. Look at the picture. Different birds have different beaks. Do you know why they are different?

Answer:
The beaks are different because the birds eat different kinds of food.

• So, the type of beaks depends upon their habitat, environment and food habits also.
• The beaks of birds are help to them to kill the prey, to fight, to get food and feeding their young ones. Based on their food habit the birds have different types of beaks such as strong hooked beak, hooked beak, long beak, long thin beak etc.

Activity – 4

4. i) Observe how a lizard catches its food. Write down your observations.
Answer:

• Lizard uses its visionary sense to track the food.
• Lizard concentrates its attention on the movements of the insect.
• Lizard moves so fast towards the insect.
• It catches the insect by using tongue and eats it.

ii) Find out the differences between a frog and a lizard’s way of taking in food.
Answer:

Frog	Lizard
1. Frog is carnivore as it feed on insects and worms.	1. Lizard is insectivore in nature as it feed on insects.
2. Frog senses the food through a social organ called jacobsons organ in the roof of their mouth-	2. Lizard uses its visionary sense to track the food.
3. Frog throws its sticky tongue towards an insect. The insect stuck to the tongue. Then the frog swallows it.	3. Lizard moves so fast towards the insect, and catches the insect with the tongue and eats it.

iii) How do these animals (Frog, lizard) use their tongue?
Answer:
These animals (Frog, lizard) use their tongue to capture the food.

Activity – 5

5. Observe a cow/buffalo while eating its food. Write your observations in your notebook by following the given questions.

i) How does a cow find its food?
Answer:
Cow finds its food by using the sense of smell.

ii) Note the parts of the body involved in it?
Answer:
Mouth and tongue are involved to take the food in.

iii) What mouthparts of the cow are involved in eating its food?
Answer:

• The cow uses its tongue to grasp a clump of grass.
• Teeth help to shred the grass into small pieces.

iv) Do cows have teeth? Do they have teeth on both jaws?
Answer:
Yes. Cows have teeth on both jaws. But don’t have top front teeth.

v) In what way can you justify it is herbivore?
Answer:

• Cow depends only on plant and plant products for food.
• They eat different parts of plants like green/dry grass, leaves, branches arid fruits.
• So that, we can say cow is herbivore.

vi) You may have observed cows and buffaloes sitting under the trees and moving their jaws. Do you know why they do that?
Answer:

• Cow and buffalo chew food very quickly, swallow and store it in a part of their stomach.
• After some time, they back the food material from the stomach to the mouth and chew it again leisurely.

Activity – 6

6. Observe a dog in your surroundings. How does it get its food? Write your observations by following the given questions.

i) What does it do to find food?
Answer:
The dog finds its food by smelling. Dog’s nose is a thousand times more sensitive than ours.

ii) Which parts are involved in taking in food?
Answer:
The mouth and tongue are involved in taking in food.

iii) How does a dog eat meat?
Answer:

• The dog catches another animal with its legs.
• It tears the meat using its sharp teeth.
• It eats the meat and chews it with the help of teeth and uses its tongue to swallow it.

iv) How does a dog drink water?
Answer:
The dog licks water with its tongue and drinks it.

v) Is there any difference in using its tongue when compared with a frog or a cow? Write in the space provided below.

Animal	Use of tongue
Frog
Cow
Dog

Answer:

Animal	Use of tongue
Frog	To catch the food
Cow	To swallow grass
Dog	To lick water

Activity – 7

7. Observe the picture and answer the following questions.

i) What is the source of energy in a food chain?
Answer:
Sunlight is the source of energy in a food chain.

ii) How does grasshopper get its energy?
Answer:

• In a food chain grasshopper is a primary consumer so that it depends on grass for food.
• Then grasshopper gets its energy by eating grass.

iii) What happens to the crow if the frog was removed from this food chain?
Answer:

• In this food chain frog is a secondary consumer as its feed on grasshopper.
• If the frog was removed in this food chain, the grasshopper population will be increased.
• In this food chain crow is a tertiary consumer as its feed on frogs.
• If the frog was removed from this food chain, the crows will go hungry and their population will be decreased.

iv) What is the role of mushrooms in the given picture?
Answer:

• Mushroom is a decomposer.
• Mushroom get it energy by the breakdown of dead matter.
• It helps in the cycling of materials in between producers, consumers and to the soil.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Fun with Magnets Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 6th Lesson Fun with Magnets

6th Class Science 6th Lesson Fun with Magnets Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.

1. The materials which are attracted towards a magnet are called ——–.
Answer:
Magnetic material.
2. Paper is not a ——– material.
Answer:
magnetic
3. In the olden days, sailors used to find direction by suspending a piece of ——–.
Answer:
natural magnet with thread.
4. A magnet always has ——– poles.
Answer:
two

Choose the correct answer.

1. Which of the following object is attracted by magnet?
A) wooden piece
B) plain pins
C) eraser
D) a piece of paper
Answer:
B) plain pins

2. A freely suspended magnet always comes to rest in the direction
A) North – East
B) South – West
C) East-West
D) North-South
Answer:
D) North-South

3. Magnets lose their properties when they are
A) used
B) stored
C) heated
D) cleaned
Answer:
C) heated

Answer the Following Questions.

Question 1.
List the magnetic and non-magnetic materials in your classroom.
Answer:

S.No.	Material	Magnetic / Non-magnetic
1.	Wooden benches	Non-magnetic
2.	Two iron benches	Magnetic
‘3.	Teacher’s wooden chair	Non-magnetic
4.	Teacher’s wooden table	Non-magnetic
5.	Wooden blackboard	Non-magnetic
6.	Metal box attached to the blackboard for putting chalk pieces	Magnetic
7.	Plastic dust bin	Non-magnetic
8.	Nail in the wall for hanging maps	Magnetic

Question 2.
If you have two similar bars, one a magnet and another a piece of iron. Can you find out which one of these is a magnet? Explain the process.
Answer:

1. We will take a bar magnet. We have to identify two identical bars A and B. One as a magnet and the other as a simple bar.
2. To identify, we have to bring our magnet to both the ends of bars A and B one after another.
3. It is easy to locate the magnet. It attracts the bar magnet when pointed to its one end and repels if pointed to the other end.
4. The iron bar will be attracted by the magnet in both situations.

Question 3.
The teacher said that the Earth is a magnet. But Sreevidya has some doubts and she asked her teacher some questions. What may be the questions?
Answer:

1. Is there any big magnet present inside the Earth?
2. Who has put that magnet inside the Earth?
3. Where are the South and North poles of Earth’s magnet?
4. How is this magnet inside the earth discovered?
5. Is the magnet inside the earth there from the time of formation of the earth?
   Such questions are likely to be asked by Sreevidya.

Question 4.
Does the Earth behave as a magnet? How do you prove it?
Answer:

1. A bar magnet is placed on the table.
2. Another bar magnet is suspended very close to the first one kept on the table.
3. It is observed that the N – pole of the suspended bar magnet points towards the S – pole of the magnet placed on the table.
   
4. The S – pole of the suspended bar magnet points towards the N – pole of the bar magnet kept on the table.
5. Later the first bar magnet is removed from the table.
6. Now the suspended bar magnet aligns itself in the North-South directions of the earth.
7. This is because the earth influenced the Suspended bar magnet as the first magnet done.
8. With this, it is evident that the earth behaves as a magnet.

Question 5.
Predict which of the following materials are magnetic and non-magnetic. Test with a bar magnet and check your predictions. What do you say after testing all materials? Plastic, Iron, Stainless steel, Wood, Aluminum, Gold, Silver, Copper, Paper, Cloth.
Answer:
My predictions and tests are recorded in the table given below.

S.No.	Material	Prediction	Test with a bar magnet
1.	Plastic	Non-magnetic	Non-magnetic
2.	Iron	Magnetic	Magnetic
3.	Stainless steel	Non-magnetic	Non-magnetic
4.	Wood	Non-magnetic	Non-magnetic
5.	Aluminium	Non-magnetic	Non-magnetic
6.	Gold	Non-magnetic	Non-magnetic
7.	Silver	Non-magnetic	Non-magnetic
8.	Copper	Non-magnetic	Non-magnetic
9.	Paper	Non-magnetic	Non-magnetic
10.	Cloth	Non-magnetic	Non-magnetic

Question 6.
Draw a bar magnet and locate the poles.
Answer:

Question 7.
Surya was wonderstruck to know that Earth is a big magnet and appreciated the efforts of scientists to discover this. Do you notice any such things in magnets to appreciate? Explain.
Answer:
I found the following things in magnets to appreciate.

1. Every magnet has two poles. If we break a magnet into two pieces, each piece develops two poles and act as individual magnets.
2. A freely suspended magnet always rests in the north-south direction. This helps in identifying the directions in new places.
3. Iron nail kept near magnet act as magnet due to magnetic induction.
4. Magnetic levitation helps to run electro-magnetic trains.
5. The attraction property of magnets helps in the separation of magnetic materials from their mixtures.
6. Electrical cranes are used to lift the huge weight of magnetic materials using this attraction property.
7. Magnets are useful in various equipment such as motors, speakers, etc.

Question 8.
Mention some situations where you use magnets in your day-to-day life?
Answer:
A magnet finds its use at a number of places.

S.No.	Uses	S.No.	Uses
1.	Refrigerator doors	6.	Pin stand
2.	Some pencil boxes	7.	Fans
3.	Many toys	8.	Automobile dynamos
4.	Magnetic stickers	9.	Loud speaker
5.	Soap stand	10.	Microphones

In addition, magnets are used in audio and videotapes and computer hard disks to store information. Magnets are also used for magnetotherapy.

Activities and Projects

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 69

Question 1.
Think and say, in which directions your house is facing? Use the compass and find out the exact direction of your house and compare it with your prediction. Similarly predict and find out in which direction you keep your head while sleeping at night, the directions you face while you are reading, eating etc.
Answer:

1. I felt my house is facing towards east.
2. By using compass I found that it is very slightly towards north east.
3. I predicted that I keep my head towards east while sleeping but found it is also very slightly towards north east.
4. I predicted that I face towards east while reading and eating also. But I found it also same as above.

Question 2.
Prepare a toy using magnets and write the procedure of preparation briefly.
Answer:

1. Secure a plastic toy car. Fix a small bar magnet in it by using tape.
2. Now, keep the car on a table and hold it in your hand.
3. Keep the N-pole of the magnet facing the S-pole of the magnet in the toy car.
4. The car moves forward as your gradually draw the magnet in your hand backwards. (∵ unlike poles of magnets attract each other)

Question 3.
Think and say where the poles will be located in a ring magnet? Try to find out its poles using a bar magnet and check your prediction.
Answer:
Prediction: Magnetic poles are located on the upper and lower surfaces of a ring magnet.
Check:

1. When I bring south pole of a bar magnet near the upper surface of the ring magnet they repel each other indicating that the upper surface of the ring magnet is its south pole.
2. When I bring south pole of a bar magnet near the lower surface of the ring magnet they attract each other indicating that the lower surface of the ring magnet is its north pole.
3. But I came to know from my teacher that there are three possibilities of having poles position basing on their mode of preparation.
   i) Upper & lower surfaces( Axial)
   
   ii) Parallel to the Height ( side by side )( Diametral)
   
   iii) Inner and outer surfaces. (Radial)
   

Question 4.
Magnetize a needle using a bar magnet. Make a compass with that needle by following the process explained in activity.
Answer:

1. Take a bar magnet and place one of its poles near to sharp edge of needle.
2. Move the bar magnet along the length of the needle till we reach the other end.
3. Then the bar magnet is lifted from the other end and brought to the same pole of the bar magnet.
4. On repeating the process for at least 20 to 30 times the needle will became magnetized.
   
5. Tape the magnetized needle to a light cork.
6. Float the cork in a glass of soap water as shown in fig.
7. The needle points in North-South direction. Thus it acts as a magnetic compass.

Question 5.
Kiran wants to prepare a toy using some magnets to make people understand the slogan “Reject bad food and accept only good food”. Can you help him to prepare the toy? If yes, how?
Answer:

1. The toy can be prepared like this.
2. Take a plate. Put good food on one side and bad food on the opposite side in the plate and label accordingly.
3. A magnet is attached at the bottom of this plate with its N-pole pointing towards good food and S-pole pointing towards bad food.
4. A magnet is fitted in the bottom of a duck where its S-pole points towards the mouth and N-pole points towards the tail of the duck.
5. When good food portion of the plate is brought closer to the duck, the duck placed in a tub of water moves towards the plate because unlike poles of the magnets attract each other.
6. When the bad food portion of the plate is brought closer to the duck, the duck moves away because like poles of the two magnets repel each other.
   

6th Class Science 6th Lesson Fun with Magnets Activities

Activity – 1

1. Take a steel glass. Put a magnet in it. Take a needle through which thread is passed. Press the thread with a finger near the eye of the needle as shown in figure 2 and raise the glass upward slowly. (Page No. 60)

i) What happens?
Answer:
The needle stand vertically up without touching the glass.

ii) Does the needle stand vertically up without touching the glass? Why does this happen?
Answer:
Yes. This is because the magnet in the glass is attracting the needle.

Activity – 2

Finding Materials attracted by Magnets. (Page No. 61)

2. Take a bar magnet, nail, jump-clip, plastic scale, a piece of glass, key, paper, iron bolt, pen, blade, pencil, knife, stainless steel spoon, piece of chalk, wood, and touch the magnet to each item. Does the magnet attract every object? Observe and record your observations duly mentioning the name of the material of which the object is made in the table.

Answer:

S.No.	Name of the object	Material of which the object is made	Attracted by Magnet (Yes / No)
1.	Jump clip	Iron	Yes
2.	Scale	Plastic	No
3.	Nail	Iron	Yes
4.	A piece of glass	Glass	No
5.	Key	Iron	Yes
6.	Paper	Paper	No
7.	Iron bolt	Iron	Yes
8.	Pen	Plastic	No
9.	Blade	Iron	Yes
10.	Pencil	Wood	No
11.	Knife	Iron	Yes
12.	Stainless steel spoon	Alloy	No
13.	Piece of chalk	Mineral of Calcium	No
14.	Wood	Wood	No

i) Which materials are attracted by a magnet?
Answer:
Nail, jump-clip, key, iron bolt, blade, knife.

ii) Which materials are not attracted by a magnet?
Answer:
Plastic scale, a piece of glass, paper, pen, pencil, stainless steel spoon, piece of chalk, wood.

iii) Give your own examples for magnetic materials.
Answer:
Iron, cobalt, nickel.

iv) Give your own examples for non-magnetic materials.
Answer:
Gold, Silver, Copper, wood, paper, plastic.

Activity – 3

3. Spread some iron fillings uniformly on a sheet of paper. Place a bar magnet below this sheet. (Page No. 62)

i) What do you observe?
Answer:
I observe that the uniformly spread iron filings come close and get concentrate at two points of the paper sheet. At some distance, I found some scattered iron filings between these two points.

ii) Does the property of attracting iron filings remain the same for all parts of a bar magnet?
Answer:
No. the ends of the bar magnet attract more iron filings than the middle part of the magnet.

iii) Do you observe any change in the pattern of iron filings spread over the sheet?
Answer:
Yes, uniformly spread iron filings changed their pattern and concentrated more at endpoints of the bar magnet. Scattered iron filings between these two points are somehow in some lines from one point to other.

Activity – 4

4. Attraction and Repulsion between Two Magnets. Take two similar magnets, place them in four different ways as shown in Figure, and record your observations. (Page No. 63)

i) What do you observe?
Answer:
I observe that magnets not only attracts but also repel each other

ii) When do the magnets attract each other?
Answer:
In the first two situations, they attract each other. That means when unlike poles come close to each other they attract.

iii) When do the magnets repel each other?
Answer:
In the last two situations, they repel each other. That means when like poles come close to each other they repels.

Activity – 5

Finding directions with a bar magnet. (Page No. 63)

5. Suspend the bar magnet freely with the help of a thread tied around its center as shown in figure.

i) Does the magnet remain stationary?
Answer:
After some time it becomes stationary.

ii) Wait for some time. What do you find now?
Answer:
I found that the magnet rests in a north-south direction.
You will notice that the magnet finally takes a position in the North-South direction. Mark the endpoints towards the North with some color. Now disturb the magnet and again wait for some time.

iii) Where does the colored portion come to rest?
Answer:
The colored portion comes to rest towards the north.

iv) Repeat this experiment at another place. What do you observe?
Answer:
I observed that the magnets always come to rest in the North-South direction.

Activity – 6

Making Magnet (Page No. 64)

6. Aim: To make a magnet
What do you need? (Materials required): Iron nail/ piece of iron. Bar magnet, pin/ iron fillings.
What to do? (Procedure):

1. Take a nail /a piece of Iron and place it on a table.
2. 
3. Now take a bar magnet and place one of its poles near one edge of the nail / piece of iron and rub from one end to another end without changing the direction of the pole of the magnet.
4. Repeat the process for 30 to 40 times.
5. Bring a pin or some iron filings near the nail / piece of iron to check whether if has become a magnet.

What do you see?(Observation): The nail/ piece of iron attract the pin / iron filings. What do you learn? (Result): Iron nail,/ piece become a magnet.

Activity – 7

Making your own Magnetic Compass. (Page No. 65)

7. Aim: To make a magnetic compass
What you need? (Materials required: magnetized needle, tape, water, detergent.
What to do? (Procedure):

1. Take a magnetized needle.
2. Attach the needle with a tape to a light cork.
3. Float the cork in a glass of water.
4. Add a little detergent to the water to help the cork float freely.

What do you see? (Observation): The magnetized needle points in North- South direction.
What do you learn? (Result): This acts as a magnetic compass.

Activity – 8

Magnetic Induction (Page No. 65)

8. Aim: To observe and understand magnetic induction.
What you need? (Materials required): safety pin, alpin, bar magnet
What to do? (Procedure):

1. Take a safety pin and bring it close to an alpin.
2. Bring the safety pin close to one pole of a bar magnet and see how it gets attached to the magnet.
3. Now bring an alpin and touch it to the safety pin.

What do you see?(Observation):

1. Safety pin does not attract the Alpin when it is not in contact with magnet.
2. But when it is in contact with a magnet it attracts the alpin.
3. From the above two cases, we notice that the safety pin acts as a magnet when it is in contact with another magnet.

What do you learn? (Result): Magnetic property is induced in the safety pin due to the bar magnet. The magnetic property possessed by a magnetic substance due to the presence of a magnet near it, is called magnetic induction.

Activity – 9

9. Finding out whether the given object is a magnet or not. (Page No. 66)
You have been given three objects of the same size, shape and colour and a bar magnet. You have to decide which one among them is a magnet, which is not a magnet but made up of magnetic material or a non-magnetic material Bring three objects one after the other close to one pole of the bar magnet and observe whether they get attracted, repelled or not attracted. Record your observation in table 2. After that bring those objects close to the other pole of the bar magnet in the same way and record your observations.

Answer:

If an object is attracted by one pole of the bar magnet and repelled by its other pole, then it is a magnet. So object -1 is magnet.
If an object is attracted by both the poles of a bar magnet and not repelled by any pole, then it is not a magnet but a magnetic substance. So object -2 is made up of magnetic material.
If an object is neither attracted by a magnet nor repelled by it, then it is a non-magnetic substance. So object – 3 is made up of non- magnetic material.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 2 Knowing About Plants

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Important Questions 2nd Lesson Knowing About Plants

6th Class Science 2nd Lesson Knowing About Plants 2 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are the types of venation?
Answer:
There are two types of venation 1. Reticulate venation 2. Parallel venation.

Question 2.
What are the functions of stomata?
Answer:
Stomata regulate the gaseous exchange between the plant and environment and transpiration.

Question 3.
What are the main parts of the plant?
Answer:
Roots, stem, leaves, flowers are the main parts of the plant.

Question 4.
How many types of root system? What are they?
Answer:
There are two types of root system. 1. Tap root system 2. Fibrous root system.

Question 5.
Give examples for the fibrous root system.
Answer:
Monocot plants have the fibrous root system. Ex. Grass, rice, wheat etc.

Question 6.
What is cotyledon?
Answer:
The seed leaf present within the seed is called cotyledon.

Question 7.
Give examples for monocots and dicots.
Answer:
Monocots: Grass, rice, wheat, maize etc.
Dicots: Mango, pulses, fruits

Question 8.
In a bean how many cotyledons are present?
Answer:
In a bean seed two cotyledons are present.

Question 9.
Which type of root system the dicot plants have?
Answer:
The dicot plants have tap root system.

Question 10.
Give examples of tuberous roots.
Answer:
Radish, carrot, beetroot, sweet potato are examples for tuberous roots.

Question 11.
What is stem?
Answer:
The main axis of the shoot system is called the stem.

Question 12.
What is a node ?
Answer:
Node is the part of stem where the leaf arises.

Question 13.
What is internode?
Answer:
The part of the stem between two successive nodes is called the internode.

Question 14.
In which plant do you observe the parallel venation ?
Answer:
In monocot plants such as grass, cereals, millet plants we will observe the parallel venation.

Question 15.
What is transpiration?
Answer:
Plants release excess of water in their body through stomata in the form of vapour is called transpiration.

Question 16.
What do you know about the flower?
Answer:
The flower is colourful and attractive part in a plant.

Question 17.
What are petals?
Answer:
The colourful and fragrant parts of a flower is petals.

Question 18.
How do you say the millet plant is a monocot?
Answer:
Millet has only one cotyledon in a seed. So, millet is a monocot.

Question 19.
Name the traditional food of Konaseema, prepared with the help of jackfruit leaves.
Answer:
Pottikkalu.

Question 20.
What type of venation is found in the leaves of plants with fibrous roots?
Answer:
Parallel venation is found in the leaves of plants with fibrous roots.

Question 21.
If the leaves have the reticulate venation what would be the type of root?
Answer:
The plants having the reticulate venation have the tap root system.

Question 22.
Give examples for modified stems.
Answer:
Potato, turmeric, garlic, ginger and sugarcane are examples for modified stems.

Question 23.
Define fibrous root system.
Answer:
A cluster of thin and uniform roots arising from the base of the stem is called fibrous root system.

Question 24.
Why Pottikkalu have jack fruit flavour?
Answer:
The leaves of jack fruit are used in the preparation of Pottikkalu. So, Pottikkalu have jack fruit flavour.

Question 25.
Give examples of plants having supporting roots.
Answer:
Banyan tree, Sugarcane and Maize plants have supporting roots which grown above the ground level.

6th Class Science 2nd Lesson Knowing About Plants 4 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write the differences between potato and sweet potato?
Answer:

Potato	Sweet potato
1. It is a modification of stem.	1. It is a modification of root.
2. As it stores the food in the stem it is known as tuber.	2. As it stores the food in the root, it is known as a tuberous root.

Question 2.
Write the differences between tap root system and fibrous root system?
Answer:

Tap root system	Fibrous root system .
1. A tap root differentiated primary root of the plant.	1. The fibrous root is different from the primary root of the plant.
2. Tap root system consists of tap root and lateral roots.	2. A cluster of thin and uniform roots round here.
3. Tap root penetrates deep into the soil.	3. Fibrous root is shallow and does not penetrate as deeply.
4. It helps the pLant to survive in drought conditions.	4. It helps the plant to prevent the soil erosion.
5. Tap root system found in dicot plants.	5. Fibrous root system found in monocot plants.

Question 3.
In drought conditions which root system is help the plant to survive?
Answer:

• When there is no rainfall for several years it leads to drought.
• When a drought hits, soil dries out, the crops with deep roots have access to deep stored moisture.
• The taproot system has the access to get the moisture from deep levels of the soil.
• So, tap root system help the plant to survive in drought conditions.

Question 4.
What are the differences between terminal bud and auxiliary bud?
Answer:

Terminal bud	Auxiliary bud
1. It occurs at the end or top of the stem.	1. It occurs at a leaf node.
2. It helps the plant to grow taller so that the plant gains more height.	2. It helps to provide support to the plant holding leaves, buds and flowers.
3. Due to this the plant grow in a straight forward.	3. Due to this the plant have more branches like a bush.

Question 5.
What are the stem modifications?
Answer:

• In some plants, the stems are modified to perform the function of storage of food, support, protection and vegetative propagation.
• Potato, turmeric, garlic, ginger, sugarcane store food materials in the stem so that the stem bulges in size. These are known as modified stems or tubers.

Question 6.
What is venation? What are the types in it?
Answer:

• The arrangement of veins in a leaf is called venation.
• There are two types of venation. 1. Reticulate venation 2. Parallel venation
• The veins are arranged in either web-like or network all over the lamina it is called reticulate venation.
• The veins are arranged parallel to one another all over the lamina is called parallel venation.

Question 7.
How do you distinguish the differences between reticulate and parallel venation?
Answer:

Reticulate venation	Parallel venation
1. The veins are arranged in the form of a network or a web like arrangement all over the lamina.	1. The veins are parallelly arranged with one another ail over the lamina.
2. It is seen in the dicot plants.	2. It is seen in the monocot plants.
3. Ex. Mango, Hibiscus, Ficus etc.	3. Banana, bamboo, wheat, maize etc

Question 8.
How do you find the root system without pulling it out?
Answer:

• It is possible to find the root system without pulling it out.
• By observing the leaf venation, we will identify whether that plant has tap root or fibrous roots.
• If the leaf is having a parallel venation, that root of the plant will be fibrous root system.
• If the leaf is having reticulate venation, that root of the plant will be a tap root system.

Question 9.
Write the differences between monocots and dicots?
Answer:

Dicots	Monocots
1. Dicots have two cotyledons in the seed.	1. Monocots have only one cotyledon in the seed.
2. Dicots have taproot system.	2. Monocots have fibrous root system.
3. Leaves in dicots have reticulate venation.	3. Leaves in monocots have parallel venation.
4. Ex. Apple, mango, brinjal, beans.	4. Ex. Wheat, corn, rice.

Question 10.
What are stomata? What is it importance?
Answer:

• The small pores present on the leaf surface is called stomata.
• The stomata act like our nose in the plant.
• These are helpful in the exchange of gases between the plant and the atmosphere.
• Plants release excess water in their body through stomata by the process of transpiration.

Question 11.
What are the functions of root?
Answer:

• Fixes the plant to the soil.
• Absorbs water and minerals from the soil.
• It stores the food in some plants like carrot and beet root.

Question 12.
What is transpiration and what its importance?
Answer:

• The process of releasing water in the form of vapour through stomata is called transpiration.
• It helps to keep the leaves healthy.
• It helps to provide water to leaf cells for photosynthesis.
• The temperature of the plant body maintained constant.

Question 13.
Write the functions of the stem?
Answer:
The stem,

• supports the branches, leaves, flowers and fruits.
• transports water and minerals from root to other parts.
• transports food from leaves to other parts through stem.
• stored food in the plant’s potato, ginger, turmeric, garlic, etc.

Question 14.
Which questions do you pose to know about the plants and its parts?
Answer:

• Which part of the plant absorbs water?
• What are the important parts in a plant?
• What is the function of stem?
• Why some of the roots are modified?

Question 15.
Write the functions of leaf.
Answer:
Leaves play an important role in the life of plant, they are

• help in respiration
• to carry out transpiration
• to prepare food by the process of photosynthesis

Question 16.
What are the root modifications?
Answer:

• In some plants, the roots change their shape and modified to store the food materials.
• The roots of radish, carrot, beet root modified to store the starch.
• Aerial roots grow above the ground, typically providing support to the plant.
  Ex: Banyan tree, sugarcane, Maize etc.
• In mangroves the aerial roots helpful in respiration.

Question 17.
Write about Pottikkalu?
Answer:

• Pottikkalu is a traditional food of Konaseema of Godavari districts.
• Leaves of jack fruit are used in its preparation.
• They make cups with these leaves and fill them batter made of black gram and rice rawa.
• These cups are steamed to get Pottikkalu. These are healthy and delicious with jack fruit flavour.

Question 18.
How do you appreciate the beauty of a flower?
Answer:

• Flowers are the colourful parts of the plants.
• They attract insects for pollination and produce fruits.
• Colourful flowers give beauty to nature.
• By seeing the colourful flowers, we get happiness and they give us a positive effect on mood.

Question 19.
What is a root? Write about its function?
Answer:

• The underground part of the main axis of a plant is known as the root.
• It fixes the plant to the soil.
• It absorbs water and minerals from the soil.
• It stores food in some plants like carrot and beet root.

Question 20.
Which roots are known as tuberous roots? Why?
Answer:

• Radish, carrot, beetroot, sweet potato is known as tuberous roots.
• These plants store food materials in their roots so that they were known as tuberous roots.

Question 21.
How will you tell which part of a plant is the stem and which is the root?
Answer:

• The part of the plant that presents above the surface of soil is the stem.
• The part of the plant that presents below the soil surface is the stem.
• Stem possess nodes, inter nodes and leaves etc. whereas root cannot have these.

Question 22.
What would happen if flowers do not have different colourful petals?
Answer:

• The flower has colourful parts called petals.
• The beautiful petals attract insects for pollination and produce fruits.
• If flowers do not have different colourful petals, they can’t have a fragrance to attract the insects.
• If the plant does not have colourful petals and fragrance, they cannot attract the insects so that fruits are not formed.

Question 23.
What questions do you ask to know more about the aerial roots of Mangroves?
Answer:

• What are mangroves?
• Where do we find these mangroves?
• What is the importance of mangroves?
• What is the special character of mangroves?

Question 24.
Fill the following table by observing the plant leaves?

Sl.No	Name of the plant	Type of venation
1.	Hibiscus (Mandara)
2.	Paddy
3.	Peeple (Raavi)
4.	Jo war

Answer:

Sl.No	Name of the plant	Type of venation
1.	Hibiscus (Mandara)	Reticulate venation
2.	Paddy	Parallel venation
3.	Peeple (Raavi)	Reticulate venation
4.	Jowar	Parallel venation

Question 25.
Draw the diagram of the tap root system and fibrous root system of a plant?
Answer:

6th Class Science 2nd Lesson Knowing About Plants 8 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What will happen if plants cannot store their food?
Answer:

• Plants can store their food by the process of photosynthesis.
• Some of the food is used by the plants for various metabolic processes.
• The remaining food is stored in the various parts of the body such as roots, stem, leaves, seeds, fruits etc.
• This stored food helps the plants to survive in unfavourable conditions.
• Other animals also depend on plants for their food.
• If the plants cannot store the food, the animals that depend on plants get hungry and gradually die.
• When unfavourable conditions like drought appear, the plants will also ultimately die.

Question 2.
How do you prove that stem conducts water?
Answer:
Aim: To observe the conduction of water by a stem.
What you need: A small twig of balsam plant, a glass of water, red ink.
What to do:

• Take a glass of water and add a few drops of ink to it.
• Now place the small twig in the water.

What do you see: The stem turns reddish.
What do you learn: The red ink is taken and transported by the stem upwards.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 1 The Food we Need

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Important Questions 1st Lesson The Food we Need

6th Class Science 1st Lesson The Food we Need 2 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is the theme of World Food day 2019?
Answer:
The World Food day theme was “Zero Hunger”.

Question 2.
What are ingredients?
Answer:
The materials which are required to prepare food are known as Ingredients.

Question 3.
What are the different food sources for human beings?
Answer:
Plants, animals and seawater are the food sources for human beings.

Question 4.
Write the ingredients to prepare chicken curry.
Answer:
Chicken, tomato, chilli powder, turmeric powder, garam masala, cinnamon, ginger and garlic paste, oil, onion, salt and coriander leaves.

Question 5.
Which food item do you like? Why?
Answer:
I like payasam because I like the food items which are sweety in taste.

Question 6.
Give some examples of cereals.
Answer:
Rice, Wheat, Maize, etc.

Question 7.
What are the food items that are taken in breakfast?
Answer:
Idli, dosa and chutney, bread, milk, egg are the food items that are commonly taken in breakfast by different people.

Question 8.
What are the different methods used in the preparation of food?
Answer:
Boiling, Steaming, Fermentation, Roasting, Deep frying are the different methods used in the preparation of food.

Question 9.
Why rice items are very common in our area?
Answer:
In our state, geographical and climatic conditions are more suitable for growing rice. So we prefer rice items more in our area.

Question 10.
What is FAO?
Answer:
Food and Agriculture Organisation.

Question 11.
Expand UNDP.
Answer:
United Nations Development Programme.

Question 12.
What is boiling?
Answer:
It is a food preparation method used to make the food items Rice, dal, eggs and potato etc.

Question 13.
Give examples of food items prepared by the fermentation process.
Answer:
Bread, Jilebi, Cake, Dosa, Idli are the food items prepared by the fermentation process.

Question 14.
List out the junk foods that are commonly eaten by us.
Answer:
Pizza, Burger, Chips, Fried fast food, Noodles, Samosa, French fries, etc. are junk foods.

Question 15.
What is vegetable carving?
Answer:
Making of different types of designs and decorations with vegetables is called vegetable carving.

Question 16.
What are natural preservatives?
Answer:
Salt, oil, turmeric powder, sugar and honey are natural preservatives.

Question 17.
Give examples of artificial preservatives.
Answer:
Benzoates, Nitrates, Sulphates are artificial preservatives.

Question 18.
How does food get its taste?
Answer:
The taste of food depends on its ingredients, method of preparation and cultural habits.

Question 19.
What do we get from animals?
Answer:
We get milk, meat, egg and honey from animals.

Question 20.
Give examples of the stem that stores food.
Answer:
Sugarcane, onion, garlic, turmeric, ginger plants store food in the stem.

Question 21.
Why do we keep certain fruits in sugar syrup or honey?
Answer:
Sugar syrup or honey is used in the canning and freezing of fruits to improve its flavour and to preserve its natural colour and taste.

Question 22.
Name the vegetables/fruits that are used in the preparation of pickles.
Answer:
Mango, lemon, tamarind”, amla, tomato, chillies etc.

Question 23.
Why fishes are dried or smoked?
Answer:
Drying and smoking is help to reduce the moisture content in fish. So that it can be preserved properly without getting spoiled.

Question 24.
Is there ‘any a relationship’ of food habits and growing crop for that particular
area?
Answer:
Yes. People living in one region thy have some food habits. So that farmers cultivate that type of food crops which are suitable for that geographical and climatic conditions.

Question 25.
What are the common ingredients that used in making pickles?
Answer:
Salt, oil, turmeric powder, chilli powder, garlic, fenugreek powder and asafoetida are commonly used ingredients in the preparation of pickles.

Question 26.
What are the different food items that are prepared by using rice?
Answer:
Idli, dosa, dal rice, vegetable rice, biryani, Pongal, kichadi are the food items prepared by using rice.

6th Class Science 1st Lesson The Food we Need 4 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
We take some of the food in large quantities whereas the others in small quantity. Why is it so?
Answer:
Body needs calories to perform the metabolisms.

• Our body needs calories so that we take carbohydrate rich food in large quantities.
• Proteins are the body building nutrients which are necessary for growth and development.
• • Vitamins and minerals are present in vegetables and fruits. These nutrients required to our body in small quantities.

Question 2.
What are the Indian spices? What is its role in the preparation of food?
Answer:

• Indian spices are aromatic parts of a plant which are added in a variety of dishes.
• We get spices from the bark and roots of certain plants, leaves, flowers or stems of the plant.
• These are used for the flavouring, colouring or preserving food.
• Ex. Cardamom, black pepper, curry leaves, fenugreek, fennel, ajwain, bay leaves, cumin, coriander leaves, turmeric, cloves, ginger, nutmeg and cinnamon.

Question 3.
Ramu said that all food items are sources of plants and animals. Do you support this statement? Why? Why not?
Answer:

• Vegetables, fruits, cereals and pulses etc. are the ingredients obtaining from the plants.
• Egg, milk, meat etc are the food ingredients obtaining from the animals.
• So, I support this statement as all these food ingredients are derived from the plant and animal sources.
  (OR)
• We get food from plants and animal sources.
• At the same time salt is derived from the other sources.
• Salt is an important ingredient for preparing the all food items.
• So that I can’t support the statement that all food items are sources of plants and animals.

Question 4.
What questions do you pose to know about the food sources of human being?
Answer:

• Where do we get ingredients?
• Where does the food ingredients of food come from?
• What are the main food sources?
• Is there any source other than plants and animals?

Question 5.
How will you appreciate plants and animals in the view of food sources?
Answer:

• Plants and animals are the main food sources for us.
• We get vegetables, fruits, cereals and pulses etc. from the plants.
• We get milk, meat, egg and honey from the animals.
• If we have not these food sources on earth the existence of life become impossible.

Question 6.
What are the effects of the junk foods on human health?
Answer:
Eating of junk food causes,

• increased obesity,
• loss of memory and learning problems,
• worsens appetite and digestion,
• inadequate growth and development,
• heart diseases and stroke.

Question 7.
Prepare some slogans to avoid the junk food.
Answer:

1. Know your health -Say no to junk food
2. Fast food – Fast death
3. Put junk food into dustbin not into the stomach
4. Eating pizzas and burgers daily, gives you a round belly
5. Junk food is an injurious to health

Question 8.
Write about the steaming process.
Answer:

• Steaming process is a method of preparation of food.
• In this process boiling of water causes it to vaporize into steam.
• The steam carries heat to the food, thus cooking the food.
• Idli, cake, egg is cooked by steaming process.

Question 9.
Why do you follow different methods for preparing the food?
Answer:

• Preparation of food is an art. It is prepared in different ways.
• There should be no loss of nutrients while cooking.
• Some food items are delicious in certain food preparing methods.
• The taste of the food depends on its ingredients and the method of preparation also. So that we use different methods for preparing the food.

Question 10.
Why do we preserve the food?
Answer:

• Food preservation is the process of treating and handling food to stop or slow down spoilage.
• It provides food availability throughout the year.
• Food preservation stop the food wastage.
• If food is not preserved properly, it can attack by microorganisms that lead to spoilage of food.

Question 11.
What are preservatives? What is it need?
Answer:

• The materials or substances that use in preserving food are called preservatives.
• The preservatives may be natural such as salt, oil, turmeric powder, sugar, honey and artificial such as Benzoates, Nitrates, Sulphates.
• Preservatives are essential to preserving food properly.
• Preservatives keep food fresher for longer periods of time and prevent spoilage of food.

Question 12.
Natural preservatives are more preferable than artificial preservatives? Why?
Answer:

• Natural preservatives include salt, oil, turmeric powder, sugar and honey.
• The artificial preservatives are prepared by using some chemicals.
• The natural preservatives retain the nutritional value of the food items, whereas
  artificial preservatives reduce the moisture level in the food and they slow down the nutritional value of the food.
• Artificial preservatives are also harmful to our health.
  So that natural preservatives are more preferable than artificial preservatives.

Question 13.
What are the Indian traditional preservative methods?
Answer:

• Generally, some food items are salted and dried for preservation Ex: Mango; tomato, fish, appeal, vadiyalu.
• Salt, turmeric powder, chilli powder and oil are added while making pickles.
• Fish, meat, vegetables are freeze in refrigerators.
• Certain fruits are preserved in sugar syrup or honey.

Question 14.
What are the preservative techniques used in the preparation of pickles?
Answer:

• To prepare a pickle, we need some preservative ingredients such as salt, edible oil, red chilli powder, fenu greek powder, mustard powder, turmeric powder, garlic and asafoetida.
• Salt and turmeric powder control the growth of micro-organisms.
• Garlic and asafoetida add flavour and taste to the pickle.
• And other preservatives are used to taste and preserve the pickle for few months.

Question 15.
List out the healthy food habits.
Answer:

• Eat a variety of vegetables and fruits every day.
• Drink fat-free and low-fat milk for every day.
• Don’t take junk foods.
• Drink plenty of water instead of sweetened drinks and cool drinks.

Question 16.
Write about millets.
Answer:

• Millets are stapled food and important sources Of nutrients.
• They contain energy source, proteins and fibres.
• Ex. Finger millets (raagulu), Pearl millets (sajjalu), Great millets (Jonnalu), Foxtail millets (Korralu), Proso millets (samalu) etc.
• Millets are good for health.

Question 17.
Which day is celebrated as World Food Day? What is the aim of the celebration of world food day?
Answer:

• World Food Day is celebrated every year across the world on 16 th October.
• To promote worldwide awareness on the problem of hunger, malnutrition, and poverty as well as focus attention on agriculture and food production.

Question 18.
Plant roots are also food sources for human beings. How do you support this statement?
Answer:

• Carrot, beetroot, sweet potato, radish store food materials in their roots.
• These tuberous roots are used as food sources for human beings.
  Thus, plant roots are also a food sources for human beings.

Question 19.
How do you prevent the wastage of food?
Answer:

• By using of proper storage methods.
• Avoid the optimum temperature.
• Decrease the water percentage up to 5%.
• Adding the preservatives.

Question 20.
How will you appreciate people who offer food to the needy?
Answer:

• It is a very great attitude to offer food for the needy.
• It avoids the hunger for the world.
• It increases empathy in society.
• It is an opportunity to show their humanity towards the needy.

6th Class Science 1st Lesson The Food we Need 8 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
To present a symposium in your school, prepare a note about junk food.
Answer:

• Junk food containing high levels of calories with less vitamins and minerals.
• Most of the fast-food is junk food.
• Pizza, burger, chips, fried fast food, samosa, French fries etc. are junk foods.
• Junk foods do not contain nutritional value.
• Junk food is not easy to digest.
• Eating Junk food causes obesity, digestion issues and loss of appetite.
• It causes drowsiness and harmful to health.
• It causes diabetes, cholesterol and heart diseases.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Basic Electric Circuits Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 10th Lesson Basic Electric Circuits

6th Class Science 10th Lesson Basic Electric Circuits Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.

1. The flow of electricity in a circuit is called ——–.
Answer:
current
2. A ——– helps us to allow or break the flow of electricity in a circuit.
Answer:
switch
3. Substances that allow electricity to pass through them are known as ——–.
Answer:
conductors
4. The electric bulb was invented by ——–.
Answer:
Thomas Alva Edison

Choose the correct answer.

1. In a bulb the part which gives us light is
A) Metal Base
B) Glass Chamber
C) Filament
D) Terminals
Answer:
C) Filament

2. Which of the following is an insulator?
A) Hairpin
B) Iron Nail
C) Plastic Scale
D) Pencil Lead
Answer:
C) Plastic Scale

3. The metal used in making filaments of present-day bulbs is
A) Iron
B) Copper
C) Tungsten
D) Cotton
Answer:
C) Tungsten

Answer the Following Questions.

Question 1.
What is an electric circuit? Explain with a diagram.
Answer:

1. An arrangement in which a cell and a bulb are connected by using wires is called a simple electric circuit.
   
2. A simple electric circuit is a path for the flow of electric current between cell and the bulb.

Question 2.
What are the parts of a torchlight?
Answer:
The parts of a torchlight are

1. Hollow cylindrical barrel
2. Torch cells
3. Bulb
4. Glass cover
5. Reflector
6. Switch
7. Metal spring

Question 3.
Classify the following into conductors and insulators:
Water, Plastic pen, Pencil lead, Dry cotton cloth, Wet cotton cloth, Dry wood, Wet wood.
Answer:

S.No.	Conductors	S.No.	Insulators
1	Pencil lead	4	Water
2	Wet cotton cloth	5	Plastic pen
3	Wet wood	6	Dry cotton cloth
		7       –	Dry wood

Question 4.
What will happen if the cells in a torch are arranged as shown in the following figure? Why?

Answer:

1. The bulb does not glow.
2. Because two positive terminals of the cells are connected to each other which does not provide a closed path.

Question 5.
Niharika observed an electrician repairing a street light wearing gloves on his hand. She asked him some questions. What would be those questions?
Answer:

1. Why do you wear gloves?
2. With what the gloves are made up of?
3. How do these gloves help in your work?
4. What will happen if the glows are made up of cloth instead of rubber?

Question 6.
A circuit is connected with a cell, bulb, and a switch, but the bulb is not glowing. Write all possible reasons for this.
Answer:

1. The cell used might have been totally discharged.
2. The bulb taken might have been fused.
3. The switch arranged may not be in touch with the wires as expected.
4. Any breakages in the circuit cause failure.

Question 7.
How do you test the materials given to you, to know whether they are conductors or insulators?
Answer:
Aim: To test the given materials to know whether they are conductors or insulators What you need? (Materials required): a cell (power source), a bulb, connecting wires, wooden plank or thermocol sheet, two drawing pins, and the materials provided to test.
How to do? (Procedure):

1. Connect a circuit on a wooden plank or on a thermocol sheet as shown in Fig.
   
2. Insert two drawing pins at A and B.
3. insert the given materials in the gap between A and B one after another.
4. With each insertion, check whether the bulb glows or not.

What do you see? (Observation): The bulb glows only when some materials like a safety pin, iron nail were inserted. It does not glow when the materials like paper, eraser were inserted.
What do you learn? (Result): Bulb glows only when an electric current passes through the materials. So all the materials which made the bulb glow are conductors and the remaining are insulators.

Question 8.
Draw a circuit diagram showing a cell, switch, and bulb.
Answer:

Question 9.
If you put the switch on, a light will glow, a fan will rotate, an iron box heats up etc. All these different functions will be performed by electricity. How do you feel about the comforts given by this great invention to human beings?
Answer:

1. Electricity plays a key role in modern technology.
2. Without electricity, most of the things could never work. (i.e. TV, Computer, bulb, etc…)
3. We can’t imagine our life without electricity.
4. Electricity is a gift given by scientists to human beings.
5. Electricity is a basis for new inventions.

Question 10.
List the daily activities in which we use electricity.
Answer:
Following are our daily activities in which we use electricity.

1. Electric bulb and fluorescent lights etc.
2. Washing machine and Grinder
3. Electric fan and Electric iron
4. Television and Tape recorders
5. Computers and Motors to lift water etc.

Activities and Projects

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 115

Question 1.
In activity 4, we observed some situations where the torch bulb glows. Niharika challenged her friends that she could make the bulb not glow even with the cells kept in the proper position. What would she have done?
Answer:

1. Niharika might have put an insulator in between the two cells.
2. Or she might have used the powerless batteries.

Question 2.
Connect a circuit as shown in the given diagram.

a) Does the bulb glow? Why?
b) Draw the circuit so that the bulb glows.
c) Verify it by connecting cells and bulbs as per the circuit drawn.
Answer:
a) The bulb does not glow. As the positive terminals of the two cells are connected. So current does not flow and bulb does not glow.
b)

c) I have connected the circuit as shown in (b) and found the bulb glowing.

Question 3.
You have studied the story of Thomas Alva Edison. Write a note appreciating his efforts in inventing the bulb.
Answer:

1. Thomas Alva Edison was a famous scientist who invented the bulb.
2. He experimented with a number of different filaments.
3. His goal was to find materials that would light well and last for a long time.
4. Though he failed a number of times he worked hard continuously to get success.
5. Without an electric bulb, we can’t imagine our life.

Question 4.
Connect circuits as shown in the following figure. Write your observation in each case.

Answer:
a) The bulb does not glow as the +ve terminals of the two cells are directly connected.
b) The bulb glows as the cells are connected correctly.
c) The bulb glows and gives dim light as only one cell is connected.
d) The bulb glows brilliantly as the three cells are connected in series and more current flows in the bulb.

6th Class Science 10th Lesson Basic Electric Circuits Activities

Activity – 1

1. Let us take a torch cell and observe it. Can you describe it? (Page No. 108)
Answer:

1. The cell consists of a cylindrical metal can.
2. Its heaviness suggests that it is filled with some chemicals.
3. The protrusion on one end is due to a carbon rod in the centre.
4. At the top of the cell, a metal cap is fixed.
5. This metal cap act as the positive (+) terminal of the cell.
6. Opposite to this, the bottom of the cell (metal can) act as a negative (-) terminal of the cell.
7. The entire can is sealed.
8. Positive and negative terminals of the cell are labelled on it as + and – respectively.

Activity – 2

Simple electric circuits (Page No. 108)

2. Take four wires of different colours, say blue, green, red and yellow, each about 15 cm long. Electric wires are often covered with plastic. First, remove about two centimetres of the plastic covering, from both ends of each wire. Now attach two wires (Blue and Green) to a bulb and two wires (Red and Yellow) to a cell with a cello-tape or cell-holder as shown in Fig. 4(a). We can use a cell holder to hold the cells and wires together tightly.
Now connect the wires in different forms as shown in Fig. 4(b) to 4(g). In each case, check whether the bulb glows or not. Record your observations in Table 1.

Answer:

Connection	Does the bulb glow (Yes / No)
Fig (b)	No
Fig (c)	No
Fig (d)	Yes
Fig (e)	Yes
Fig (f)	No
Fig (g)	No

• In which case does the bulb glow? Why?
  Answer:
  The bulb glows in connections shown in Fig. 4(d) and Fig. 4(e). This is because in these connections form a closed path.
• In which case the bulb does not glow? Why?
  Answer:
  In the remaining cases means like in Figs. 4(b), 4(C), 4KO, and 4(g), bulb does not glow.
  This is because there is some gap in the path. (circuit is open)

Activity – 3

Electric Switch (Page No. 110)

3. Connect a circuit on a wooden plank or on a thermocol sheet as shown in Figure. Insert two drawing pins at A and B. Insert a safety pin in between A and B. such that one end of the pin is completely in contact with B and the other end is left free. Now observe the bulb.

• What do you notice?
  Answer:
  The bulb does not glow.
  Now touch the safety pin to pin A and observe the bulb again.
• What happens?
  Answer:
  The bulb glows.
• Why doesn’t the bulb glow when the safety pin is left free at one end?
  Answer:
  In this activity, the safety pin is used to close /open the circuit. When the safety pin is left free at one end, the circuit is open. So the bulb doesn’t glow.

Activity – 4

4. Take a torch that has two cells. Arrange the cells in the torch in as many ways as you can. In which cases does the bulb glow and in which cases it doesn’t? Draw pictures showing different positions of cells and glowing of bulb. Can you find out why the bulb glows only when cells are placed in a particular position? (Page No. 111)

Answer:
The bulb glows only in the first position. This is because in the remaining positions the circuit is being open as the cell’s terminals are not in a proper sequence. In the first position they are in proper sequence, so the circuit is closed. As a result the bulb glows.

Activity – 5

Identifying conductors and insulators (Page No. 111)

5. Take the circuit which we used in activity-3, as shown in Figure. Remove the safety pin from the drawing pins so that you have two open terminals A and B.

Insert different objects like a hair pin, safety pin, eraser, plastic scale, match stick, piece of a metal bangle, piece of a glass bangle, paper clip etc. in the gap between A and B. With each insertion, check whether the bulb glows or not. Record your observations in table 2 for each case.
Answer:

S.No.	Object	Name of the Material	Does the bulb glow (Yes/No)	Conductor/Insulator
1.	Hair pin	Metal	Yes	Conductor
2.	Pencil lead	Lead	Yes	Conductor
3.	Eraser	Rubber	No	Insulator
4.	Plastic scale	Plastic	No	Insulator
5.	Match stick	Wood	No	Insulator
6.	Divider from geometry box	Metal	Yes	Conductor
7.	Piece of paper	Paper	No	Insulator
8.	Iron nail	Iron	Yes	Conductor
9.	Piece of Metal bangle	Metal	Yes	Conductor
10.	Piece of Glass bangle	Glass	No	Insulator
11.	Paper clip	Metal	Yes	Conductor
12.	Piece of chalk	Chalk	No	Insulator
13.	Safety pin	Metal	Yes	Conductor

• If you look at table 2, after recording your observations you will find that the bulb glows in some cases and does not glow in other cases. Can you guess the reason?
  Answer:
  Bulb glows in some cases as they allow an electric current to pass through them. They are conductors.
  Bulb does not glow in other cases as they do not allow the electric current to pass through them. They are insulators.
• Can you group the objects you observed in your daily life as conductors and insulators? Make a list of objects and group them as conductors and insulators and write in table-3
  Answer:

  S.No.	Conductors	Insulators
  1	Metals	Water
  2	Iron	Air
  3	Silver	Plastic
  4	Salt water	Wood
  5	Copper	Rubber
  6	Aluminium	Paper

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Movement and Locomotion Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 12th Lesson Movement and Locomotion

6th Class Science 12th Lesson Movement and Locomotion Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.

1. Joints of the bone helps in the ——–.
Answer:
movements.
2. The contraction of the ——– pulls the bones during movement.
Answer:
muscle.
3. The bones at the elbow are joined by a ——– joint.
Answer:
hinge.

Choose the correct answer.

1. The immovable joints are present in
A) Knee
B) Shoulder
C) Neck
D) Skull
Answer:

2. The hollow bones are present in
A) Cow
B) Sparrow
C) Buffalo
D) Snake
Answer:

3. The fibers join the muscles to the bones.
A) Tendon
B) Ligament
C) Cartilage
D) None
Answer:
A) Tendon

The joint response to move our head up and down and side to side is
A) Sliding joint
B) Hinge joint
C) Ball and socket joint
D) Pivot joint
Answer:
D) Pivot joint

Answer the Following Questions.

Question 1.
Write short notes on different types of joints in our body.
Answer:
1. The point where two bones meet is called a joint.
2. Joints are of two types. They are movable and immovable (fixed).
3. Movable joints are four types namely 1. Ball and socket 2. Hinge 3. Sliding 4. Pivot
joints.

1. Ball and socket: The rounded end of one bone fits into the hollow end of the other bone. Such a joint allows movement in all directions. This joint is known as the ball and socket joint. It is present at the shoulder and at the hip region.
   
2. Hinge joint: Like the hinge of a door, the joint which helps the bones to move in one direction is called a hinge joint. These are present at the elbow and knee.
   
3. Sliding joint: The joint where the bones slide over each other is called the sliding joint. It is present in the vertebral column, wrist, and ankle.
   
4. Pivot joint: The joint that joins the skull to the backbone is called the pivot or neck joint, pivot or neck joint.
   

Question 2.
What are the uses of muscles and bones?
Answer:

1. Muscles helps in the locomotion and movements of the body, they also provide shape and structure to the body.
2. Bones provide a base to muscles. They have a key role in body movements and the shape of the body.

Question 3.
Differentiate the ball and socket joint from the hinge joint.
Answer:

Question 4.
How is the body of a fish suitable for swimming?
Answer:

1. The skeleton of the fish is covered with strong muscles.
2. While swimming,-muscles make the front part of the body swing towards one side while the tail swings its body towards the opposite.
3. This creates a jerk and pushes the body forward.
4. A series of such jerks help the fish swim forward.
5. The tail fins also aid in this movement.

Question 5.
Guess who I am?
i) I am a joint that works like a joint of doors and windows.
Answer:
Hinge joint.

ii) I help to join two bones.
Answer:
Ligament.

iii) I am a joint between the upper jaw and skull.
Answer:
Fixed joint.

iv) I am a chain of small-small bones.
Answer:
Vertebral column or backbone.

v) I join the bone and muscle.
Answer:
Tendon.

Question 6.
What would happen if there are no bones and joints in our body?
Answer:
If there are no bones and joints in our body

1. we do not have a particular body shape,
2. movements and locomotions are not possible.
3. Simply we become round as mass body.

Question 7.
What would happen if there is a single bone in your fingers?
Answer:
If we have a single bone in our fingers.

1. we can’t fold the fingers.
2. we can’t catch or hold anything.
3. it becomes hard to get food.
4. we cant manage any apparatus.
5. in the evaluation, we become so backward.

Question 8.
Draw a neat and labeled diagram of the Ball and socket joint and write its location and uses.
Answer:

These joints are located in the shoulders and hip region. It is used in swinging and rotating movements.

Question 9.
How do you appreciate locomotion in birds?
Answer:
I feel wonder about flying of birds.
They have wonderful wings and attractive feathers. Birds are only creatures that fly easy to escape.
This feature also help them in long journey to migrate. I feel its beautiful if I have wings to fly.

Activities and Projects

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 139

Question 1.
Collect information regarding joint pains from an orthopedic.
Answer:
Joint pain can be discomfort, pain or inflammation arising from any part of a joint — including cartilage, bone, ligaments, tendons or muscles. Most commonly, however, joint pain refers to arthritis or arthralgia, which is inflammation or pain from within the joint itself.

• Inflammatory foods. “Arthritis” is a general term encompassing conditions that share joint pain and inflammation ….
• Fried and processed foods …
• Lower your Ages ….
• Sugars and refined carbs ….
• Dairy products ….
• Alcohol and tobacco ….
• Salt and preservatives ….
• Corn oil
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs called NSAIDs help relieve joint swelling, stiffness, arid pain — and are among the most commonly used pain killers for people with any type of arthritis.

Natural relief from Arthritis pain

• Weight.
• Exercise.
• Heat and cold.
• Acupuncture.
• Meditation.
• Fatty acids.
• Turmeric.
• Massage.

Question 2.
List out the activities that you performed at your home and which joints were involved in each activity.
Answer:
We cannot perform any movement without the involvement of joints. They have key role in our daily activities.
ACTIVITIES                     INVOLVED JOINTS
1. Walking                     Hinge and gliding joints
2. Running                     Hinge and gliding joints
3. Bowling                      Ball and socket joint
4. Playing                       Ball and socket, hinge, gliding, and pivot joints
5. Dancing                      Ball and socket, hinge, gliding, and pivot joints
6. Painting                      Gliding joint
7. Driving                        Hinge, gliding joints

Question 3.
Observe the whole body of a hen from the internet and make a list of different joints, bones, muscles, tendons and ligaments present in it.
Answer:

Question 4.
Try to identify the joints in the body of a goat through the internet and make a list of those joints.
Answer:

Question 5.
Collect X-ray films and identify which body part they represent and write a note on them.
Answer:

• Gliding joint: A gliding joint is a joint which allows only gliding movement.
  
  The gliding joint allows one bone to slide over the other. The gliding joint in your wrist allows you to flex your wrist. It also allows you to make very small side-to-side motions. There are also gliding joints in your ankles and backbone.
• Pivot joint: Only allows rotating movement. The joint that joins the skull to the backbone is called the pivot or neck joint.
  
• Ball-and-socket joint: The ball-shaped surface of one bone fits into the cup-like shape of another. Examples of a ball-and-socket joint include the hip and the shoulder.
  
• Hinge joint: The ends of the bones are shaped in a way that allows motion in two directions, forward and backward. Examples of hinge joints are the knees and elbows.
  
• Rib cage: Ribs are bent which joins the chest bone and the backbone together to form a box. This is called the rib cage.
  

6th Class Science 12th Lesson Movement and Locomotion Activities

Activity – 1

1. Human body and its movement (Page No. 128)
Do the following actions:

• Bowl an imaginary ball at an imaginary wicket.
• Lie down and try to rotate your leg at the hip.
• Bend your arm at the elbow and your leg at the knee.
• Stretch your arms sideways, chew some food, bend your arm to touch your shoulder with your finger and try to move other body parts as well.

Record your observations in table
Table

S.No.	Body Part	Rotates Partially/Completely	Bends (Yes/No)	Lifts (Yes/No)	Moves (Yes/No)
1.	Neck
2.	Wrist
3.	Finger
4.	Knee
5.	Ankle
6.	Toes
7.	Back
8.	Head
9.	Elbow
10.	Arm
11.	Upper Jaw

Answer:

S.No.	Body Part	Rotates Partially/Completely	Bends (Yes/No)	Lifts (Yes/No)	Moves (Yes/No)’
1.	Neck	Partially	Yes	Yes	Yes
2.	Wrist	r Partially	Yes	Yes	Yes
3.	Finger	Partially	Yes	Yes	Yes
4.	Knee	Partially	Yes	Yes	Yes
5.	Ankle	Partially	Yes	Yes	Yes
6.	Toes	Partially	Yes	Yes	Yes
7.	Back	Partially	Yes	Yes	Yes
8.	Head	Partially	Yes	Yes	Yes
9.	Elbow	Partially	Yes	Yes	Yes
10.	Arm	Partially	Yes	Yes	Yes
11.	Upper Jaw	No	No	No	No

Activity – 2

2. Let us see how animals move from one place to another. Fill in your observations in the table. (Page No. 136)

Animal	Body parts used for moving	How does the animal move
Cow	Legs
Human		Walks, Jumps,…..
Snake
Bird		Hope flies……
Insect
Fish

Answer:

Animal	Body parts used for moving	How does the animal move
Cow	Legs	Walks, runs
Human	Legs	Walks, Jumps,…..
Snake	Scales	Crawls
Bird	Legs, Wings	Hope flies……
Insect	Legs, wings	Walk, jump, fly
Fish	Fins	Swimming

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 Organisms and Habitat Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 9th Lesson Organisms and Habitat

6th Class Science 9th Lesson Organisms and Habitat Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.
1. ——– is a dwelling place for plants and animals.
Answer:
Habitat
2. Soil is an ——– component of a habitat.
Answer:
Non-living

Choose the Correct Answer.
1. Which of the following is not a character ofa living thing?
A) Reproduction
B) Growth
C) Breathless
D) Excretion
Answer:
C) Breathless

2. Which of the following is a terrestrial habitat?
A) Pond
B) Garden
C) Lake
D) River
Answer:
B) Garden

Answer the Following Questions.

Question 1.
What are the common characteristics of living things?
Answer:
The living things show different specific characters.
1. Movement: – Most of the living things move from one place to another. They have the organs for movement like legs, wings, fins etc. Certain living things such as plants do not move from one place to another as they are fixed to the soil.
2. Food: – Acquiring food is also a character of living things. They acquire food for getting energy.
3. Growth: – Living things grow from time to time. Growth is a common phenomenon among them.
4. Breathing: – All living organisms inhale and exhale air from their surroundings. Many organisms have specialized organs for it. Plants have specialized organs called stomata for the exchange of gases.
5. Get rid of wastes: – Both plants and animals produce waste materials during life processes. They get rid of it by a process called Excretion.
6. Giving birth to young ones: – All living organisms give birth to young ones. Among them some animals lay eggs called Oviparous and some give birth to young ones called Viviparous. Plants produce seeds.
7. Responding to stimuli: The living things show response to stimulus in their surroundings. A change in the surroundings that make organisms respond to it is called stimulus.

Question 2.
How can you say that a tree is living even though it doesn 7 move?
Answer:

• Tree has got the following characteristics of living beings though it cannot move.
• The plant body shows growth, taking food, breathing, getting rid of wastes, response to stimuli giving birth to young ones through seeds.
• So I can say that tree is living.

Question 3.
What is a habitat? How can you say our house is a habitat?
Answer:

• A habitat is a dwelling place for plants and animals that gives them optimum conditions for life.
• We live in houses that protect us from heat, cold and rain, etc. and are a shelter for us.
• We keep some animals and birds as pets in our houses.
• We also grow some plants which give us fruits and vegetables.

Question 4.
List out the organisms living in various regions of a pond?
Answer:

Region of the pond	Organisms living in that region
Above the surface	dragonfly, mayfly and kingfisher, hovering above the pond and then resting over a bamboo pole or a stick jutting out of the surface of the pond. They get food from the surface of the pond.
On the surface	whirling beetle, pond skater, larva of mayfly and dragon­fly, Plants like pistia float on the surface completely while those like the lotus have roots going deep under. [Organisms on the surface are easily eaten up by others because there is little protection for them.] However, there is plenty of food and air. Fish usually come to the surface for food.
Pond margins	Several grasses, frogs, cranes, crabs etc. Fish usually lay eggs here.
Midwater	Great water boatman, leech and mosquito larva are found in this region. Fish and crabs also swim around this region.
Bottom of the pond	This region has plants like Hydrilla and animals like mussels, flatworms and some maggots (larvae of some insects). Light is minimum here, but food, in the form of dead and decaying matter is plenty.

Question 5.
I am a living being. I have four legs. I live in water and also on land. “Who am I? And who are there in my habitat along with me?
Answer:

• The four-legged organism which lives in water and also on land is a frog.
• Turtles will also be in the habitat of frogs.

Question 6.
What questions do you ask to know more about microorganisms?
Answer:

• What are microorganisms?
• What is the smallest microorganism?
• Can we see microorganisms with the naked eye?
• What is the instrument using for observing microorganisms?
• Are all microorganisms harmful to us?

Question 7.
How do you prove that earthworms respond to stimulus?
Answer:
Response to light by earthworm:

Aim: To observe the response of earthworm to light.
What we need: – Glass jar, Black Paper, Torch, Moist soil, Earthworm.
How to do:

• Get an earthworm from a nearby moist soil.
• Take a glass jar.
• Cover half of the glass jar with black paper, pour the moist oil in the jar and put the earthworm in the uncovered portion of the jar.
• Close the jar with a lid that contains small holes.
• Shed some light on the jar.

What do we see: – The earthworm moves to the dark portion of the jar
What do we learn: – The earthworm shows a response to the light (Stimulus).

Question 8.
Draw the diagram showing different regions of a pond.
Answer:

Question 9.
What steps do you take to keep a habitat good?
Answer:

• We should not dump the wastes in nearby ponds, lakes, rivers, and ground.
• We should not cut down the forest.
• The industries should not release wastes into air.
• We should not dump polythene covers on the soil.
• We should not burn the plastic, tires, and polythene covers.
• We should not dig bore wells indiscriminately.

Activities and Projects

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 106

Question 1.
Collect sweet potato, bottle, salt, and water. Take a bottle full of water and add salt, then put the sweet potato inside the bottle. Observe for a few days. What happens? Note your observations. How can you prove that sweet potato is also a living thing?
Answer:

• The sweet potato bulges by absorbing saltwater.
  
• The metabolic changes continue in the potato, though removed from the parent plant.
• It forms roots and stem.
• This proves that sweet potato is also a living thing.

Question 2.
Identify the habitat in which the following live. More than one organism may be present in one habitat (use information given in the help box).
Our intestine, pond margin, kitchen, garden, tree, underground, grass,
Answer:

1. Our intestine: Bacteria, Roundworms, Hookworms
2. Pond margin: Several green types of grass, frogs, cranes, crabs, snails etc.
3. Kitchen: Cockroach, lizards, rats, ants, flies, etc.
4. Garden: Rats, bees, butterfly, ants, earthworms, garden lizard, beetles etc.
5. Tree: Birds, bees, squirrels, mosquitoes, insect larvas, ants, termites etc.
6. Underground: Snakes, rats, earthworms, snails, crabs, Termites, ants, etc.
7. Grass: Crickets, grasshopper, ants, insects, larvas, etc.

Question 3.
Observe a spider in its web and write how a spider shares its habitat.
Answer:

• The web of the spiders is made up of a special protein that solidifies to form silken threads.
• The spider spins a web to trap insects.
• When an insect accidentally flies over the web it gets stuck in the web.
• The vibrations in the web are received by the spider and it attacks on the insect.
• The spider releases some poisonous materials into the body of an insect to paralyzes it and makes the prey into liquid form.
• This liquid form of food is absorbed by the spider.
• This is how a spider shares its habitat.

Question 4.
Collect a hydrilla plant. Put it in a glass of water and observe for a week, how it grows.
Answer:

• Hydrilla is a submerged plant.
• It does not contain specialized roots.
• The leaves are very small and strap-shaped with pointed tips.
• The leaves have a distinct midrib.
• The leaves are directly attached to the stem without a petiole.
• When we put this Hydrilla in a glass of water it grows an inch in a day.
• The plant gets it food from sunlight by a process called photosynthesis.

Question 5.
Take a map of Andhra Pradesh and color the areas where mangroves grow.
Answer:
Student Activity. Ex :

Question 6.
Write your experiences with your pet dog/cat/cow etc, that shows its affection on you.
Answer:

• The animals like dogs/cat/cow are called as pet animals.
• Man domesticated these organisms in earlier days to fulfill his needs.
• He domesticated these for protection and food.
• So we should take care of our pet animals.
• In this process we clean them, we supply food and fodder to them.
• If we show concern on these organisms, they become more affectionate to us.
• So sometimes we can see the dogs licks our feet and wags its tails and sit near us. This is the way they show their affection on us.
• Our motto should be “Live and Let Live”.

Question 7.
Prepare a map that represents different habitats that exist in your school.
Answer:

Question 8.
Prepare an article to deliver a speech in Literary Association meeting on “Animals also have right to live. ”
Answer:
“Animals also have the right to live”,

• In this beautiful world, animals have as much right to live as human beings.
• In totality, the entire earth is a common property of all of us.
• It is our world and it is their world. People often ask if animals should have rights, and quite simply, the answer is “Yes !”
• Animals surely deserve to live their lives free from suffering and exploitation. Just because we are at the top of the food chain.
• Life is life and it should be valued, no matter what you are.
• Animals cannot speak for themselves and for that reason we need to protect them.
• Protecting them is something we should take pride in, it is our responsibility.
• By respecting animal rights and having consideration for animal welfare, we also support ecological balance.

6th Class Science 9th Lesson Organisms and Habitat Activities

Activity – 1

Living things & Non-living things. (Page No. 93)

1. List some living things. Don’t forget to give reasons for why you think something is living.
Answer:
Dog – it takes a breath
Tree – it has growth
Buffalo – moves with legs

i) Chairs and tables also have four legs like buffalo. But they can’t move, why?
Answer:
Chairs and tables are non-living things. So they can’t move.

ii) Trees cannot move but they can produce seeds that give birth to new plants. Are they living things?
Answer:
Yes, trees are living things, but they can’t move. Except for this (movement), it has all living characters.

iii) How do we know whether some things are living and some others are nonliving?
Answer:
Living things have some special characters like growth and breath. By these charac¬ters we find living things.

iv) Will you notice that there are many characteristics of living things?
Answer:
Yes, living things have many characters.

v) Do all living things have common characteristics that make them different from non-living things?
Answer:
Yes, all living things have common characteristics that make them different from non-living things.

vi) Do you know that you are a living being? How can you say that?
Answer:
Yes, human beings are living things, they have living characters like growth, breath, and reproduction.

Activity – 2

Compare the characteristics. (Page No. 94)

2. Some characteristics are listed in table. Compare these characteristics with plants, animals and rocks.

Answer:

i) Do plants and animals possess the same characteristics as you do?
Answer:
Yes, mostly plants and animals possess the same characteristics as me, but plants can’t move.

ii) In which way do the characteristics of plants differ from you or from other animals?
Answer:
Plants can’t move.

iii) What characteristics are the same in plants and animals?
Answer:

1. Growth
2. Movement
3. Taking food
4. Breathing
5. Getting rid of waste
6. Respond to heat
7. Respond to touch
8. Respond to light
9. Giving birth to young ones

iv) Do you agree that you are the same as other animals?
Answer:
Yes, I agree that living characters are the same as animals, but human beings are more intellectual and cultural.

v) What characteristics do you observe in rocks?
Answer:
Rocks do not have any living characters, so they are non-living things.

Activity – 3

Response to stimulus. (Page No. 95)

3. When you step on a sharp object what would you do? You will take back your feet. Is it not? Fill your responses to the stimulus in the below table.

Stimulus	Response
When you step on a sharp object
Touch a flame or fire
Touch a block of ice
See a bright light	Blink……….
Get bitten by an ant or mosquito
When you hear the word ‘ice-cream’	Mouth waters………..

Answer:

Stimulus	Response
When you step on a sharp object	I will take back my foot
Touch a flame or fire	I will withdraw my hand
Touch a block of ice	I will withdraw the touched part
See a bright light	I will blink my eyes
Get bitten by an ant or mosquito	I will scratch the place of bite
When you hear the word ‘ice-cream’	Mouth watering

i) Do all living beings possess the characteristic feature of response to stimulus.
Answer:
Yes, all living beings possess the characteristic feature of response to stimulus

ii) Do other animals also respond to stimuli like us?
Answer:
Yes, all other animals also respond to stimuli like us.

iii) Do plants respond to stimuli like animals?
Answer:
Yes, plants respond to stimuli like animals.

Activity – 4

Mimosa (Atti-Patti) (Page No. 96)

4. It is very interesting to observe a touch-me-not (Attipatti or mimosa) plant Touch it. Record your observations.
Answer:
i) How does this plant respond when you touch it?
Answer:
When we touch the mimosa, it closes its leaves.

ii) How much time does it take to return to its previous position?
Answer:
It takes nearly 15 to 20 minutes.

Activity – 5

Seeds – Living or not: (Page No. 96)

5. Seeds are produced from plants. We know that plant is a living being. Can we say that seeds are also living things? Let us discuss the characteristics of living seeds?
Answer:

i) Does a seed take in food? From where?
Answer:
Seed has stored food in it. So it does not take in food. The food store is in the endosperm, and/or in the cotyledons.

ii) Will it die if stored for a long time?
Answer:
Yes, if we preserve it carefully we can store the food for a long time.

iii) What happens when a seed is sown in soil?
Answer:
When a seed is sown in the soil it will germinate.

Activity – 6

Microorganisms in water. (Page No. 98)

6. Collect water samples from a pond, well, bore well. Keep them separately. Put a drop of water on a slide. Keep a coverslip on it. Observe under the microscope.
Draw what you have observed. Describe the shapes of the micro-organisms.

i) What type of micro-organisms do you see in water samples?
Answer:
I found different types of microorganisms some are thread-like structures and some are round.

ii) Do all water samples have the same type of microorganisms?
Answer:
No.different water samples have different types of microorganisms.

iii) Is there any water without micro-organisms?
Answer:
No all water samples have microorganisms, but few in topwater.

iv) Which water contains a larger number of micro-organisms? Why?
Answer:
Pond water has more microorganisms because it is an open-source to grow micro¬organisms.

v) What kind of micro-organisms do you find in the water from a pond and borewell?
Answer:
Pond water has more greenish microorganisms and the bore well has moving organisms.

Activity – 7

Who lives where. (Page No. 98)

7. Write the names of organisms in the box below according to where they are found. Some examples are filled to help you.

Under the ground	On the ground	In/On water	Some other place
Snake	Snake	Snake
Earthworm
	Cat	Lotus
			Sparrow (in homes)

Answer:

Under the ground	On the ground	In/On water	Some other place
Snake	Snake	Snake	Birds (tree)
Earthworm	Frog	Frog	Eagle (rocks)
Rabit	Cat	Lotus	squirrel (tree holes)
Ant	Ant	Dragon fly	Sparrow (in homes)
Rat	Squirrel	Leech	Honey bees (trees and rocks
Crab	Snail	Crab, snail	–

i) Which organisms are found mostly in your area often?
Answer:
Crows and cows are found mostly in my area often.

ii) How many organisms are present in more than one column?
Answer:
Two organisms are present in more than one column.

iii) Why did you place them there?
Answer:
They live in more than one place.

iv) In which column will you put a frog?
Answer:
I will put the frog in the second and third columns.

Activity – 8

8. Read the table and answer the following questions. (Page No. 100)

S.No.	Region of the pond	Organisms living in that region
1.	Above the surface	dragonfly, mayfly and kingfisher, hovering above the pond and then resting over a bamboo pole or a stick jutting out of the surface of the pond. They get food from the surface of the pond.
2.	On the surface	whirling beetle, pond skater, larva of mayfly and dragon­fly, Plants like pistia float on the surface completely while those like the lotus have roots going deep under. [Organisms on the surface are easily eaten up by others because there is little protection for them.] However, there is plenty of food and air. Fish usually come to the surface for food.
3.	Pond margins	Several grasses, frogs, cranes, crabs etc. Fish usually lay eggs here.
4.	Midwater	Great water boatman, leech and mosquito larva are found in this region. Fish and crabs also swim around this region.
5.	Bottom of the pond	This region has plants like Hydrilla and animals like mussels, flatworms and some maggots (larvae of some insects). Light is minimum here, but food, in the form of dead and decaying matter is plenty.

i) Name some organisms in the pond that can stay in different regions in the same pond?
Answer:
Frogs, cranes, crabs.

ii) What makes them stay in different regions in the pond?
Answer:
Their food habits and body structure makes them stay in different regions in the pond.

iii) Can different places in the pond also be called as habitat? Why? or why not?
Answer:
Yes, particular organisms are live in different places in the pond. So it be called as habitat.

iv) Is there any animal with legs in the pond?
Answer:
Yes, the frog has legs.

v) Do all animals in the pond have tails?
Answer:
No, all the animals in the pond does not have tail.

vi) Do all animals in the pond swim?
Answer:
No, crane can’t swim.

vii) What are the animals that share the surface of the pond as habitat?
Answer:
Whirling beetle, pond skater, larva of mayfly and dragonfly.

viii) Are the leaves of all plants growing in a pond, similar?
Answer:
No, the leaves of all plants growing in a pond are not similar. They are of different types. Ex : Hydrilla, Lotus.

ix) What is the difference between the leaves of a plant growing at the bottom (hydrilla) and that floating on the surface (lotus)? Try to think and write why we find such differences.
Answer:
a) The leaves of a plant growing at the bottom (hydrilla) have small tubular leaves to pass water flow.
b) Floating on the surface (lotus) plants have large leaves to grasp sunlight.

Activity – 9

Now, in the same way, let us study a plant or a tree as habitat. Birds, monkeys, squirrels, snakes, ants, spiders, caterpillars, moths, bees, wasps, small plants (mosses), mosquitoes are some organisms that you may find on a tree. Try to classify them in table based on where you find them. Add some more examples that you know. (Page No. 101)

At the base of the tree	ants, ……..
On the trunk
Between the branches	monkeys, ………
On or within the leaves

Answer:

At the base of the tree	ants, snakes, caterpillars, moths, small plants, mosquitoes.
On the trunk	ants, caterpillars, moths, mosquitoes, squirrels, bees, wasps, spiders.
Between the branches	monkeys, birds, caterpillars, squirrels, mosquitoes, bees, wasps, snakes, ants, spiders.
On or within the leaves	birds, monkeys, squirrels, snakes, ants, spiders, caterpillars, bees, small plants.

Activity – 10

10. i) Can animals that are our pets live in other places as well? (Page No. 101)
Answer:
Yes, our pets live in other places.

ii) Name the animals and also write the places where they can live.
Answer:
Dog – it lives in the streets.
Cat – it lives in the forest.
Parrots – lives on the tree.

iii) Why do only certain types of animals and plants live along with us?
Answer:
For food and shelter, some animals live along with us
For our food and needs, we cultivate some plants.

Activity – 11

11. Compare water (Aquatic) plants with land (Terrestrial) plants. (Page No. 103)
i) Collect an aquatic plant like Hydrilla or Vallisneria, also collect any terrestrial plant. Now compare the two and write your observations in the below table.

Parts	Terrestrial plant (Tulsi)	Aquatic plant (Valisneria / Hydrilla)
Stem
Leaf
Root
Others

Answer:

Parts	Terrestrial plant (Tulsi)	Aquatic plant (Valisneria / Hydrilla)
Stem	Woody, grows towards the sunlight.	Weak, less availability of sunlight.
Leaf	Grows on stem with petiole and veins	No petiole and simple leaf.
Root	Tap root is present.	Fibrous roots are present.
Others	Grown on land, terrestrial plant.	Grown in water. aquatic plant.

ii) Good Habit – Good Life:
Which habitat do you like more? Habitat – A or Habitat – B. Why?

Answer:
Habitat – A: I like more which is clean and tidy. Whereas in Habitat B there is environmental degradation which causes danger to plants and animals life.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Shadows – Images Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 11th Lesson Shadows – Images

6th Class Science 11th Lesson Shadows – Images Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.

1. Light travels in a ——–.
Answer:
straight line.
2. A substance that gives light is known as ——–.
Answer:
light source.
3. The bouncing back of light after hitting an object is called ——–.
Answer:
reflection.
4. The color of the shadow formed by a green tree is ——–.
Answer:
Black.

Choose the correct answer.

1. Identify the transparent substance
A) Paper
B) Wood
C) Glass
D) Oil Paper
Answer:
C) Glass

2. Which of the following substance forms shadows?
A) Transparent
B) Translucent
C) Opaque
D) All the above
Answer:
C) Opaque

3. What do you need to get a shadow?
A) Light Source
B) Opaque Object
C) Screen
D) All the above
Answer:
D) All the above

Answer the Following Questions.

Question 1.
Classify the following objects into transparent, translucent, and opaque:
Cardboard, duster, polythene cover, oily paper, glass, spectacle lens, piece of chalk, ball, table, book, window glass, palm, school bag, mirror, air, water.
Which type of materials do you find more in your surroundings?
Answer:
A. Transperent Objects: glass, spectacle lens
B. Translucent Objects: polythene cover, oil paper
C. Opaque Objects: cardboard, duster, piece of chalk
I find opaque materials are more in our surroundings.

Question 2.
We can’t identify the type presence of completely transparent objects even in light. Is it correct or not? Support your answer.
Answer:
Yes, we can’t identify the presence of completely transparent objects even in Light. Because it allows light to pass through it. So we can’t find it.

Question 3.
Why can’t we see objects which are behind us?
Answer:
The reflected light behind objects of us can’t reach our eyes. So we can’t see objects which are behind us.

Question 4.
What is required to get a shadow of an opaque body?
Answer:
To get a shadow we need

1. light source
2. opaque body
3. screen.

Question 5.
Can we use a plain mirror as a rearview mirror? If not why not?
Answer:
No, we can’t use the plain mirror as a rearview mirror. Because the plain mirror can’t cover all objects behind the vehicle. So we use the concave mirror as a rearview mirror.

Question 6.
Why do we get shadows of different shapes of the same object?
Answer:

1. We get different shadows for the same object.
2. because shadow shape is changed depending upon the position of the light source
3. and angle position of the object.
4. So we may get different shadows shapes from a same object and same shadows from different objects.

Question 7.
What are the differences between a shadow and an image?
Answer:

IMAGE	SHADOW
1. Images are colour full.	1. Shadows does not have colour.
2. Image is formed due to the reflection or refraction of light.	2. Shadows are formed when opaque objects obstruct the path of light.
3. Image gives more information such as colour, structure, etc. about the object.	3. Shadow does not provide any details about the object but it gives an idea about the shape of the object.
4. An image in a plane mirror doesn’t change in size at all; it is always of the same size as that of the object.	4. Shadow size may be changed depend on light sources position.
5. An image in a mirror can be seen without a screen, whereas it is mandatory to have a screen to form a shadow.	5. A dark patch formed on a surface behind an opaque object placed in the path of light is called a shadow.

Question 8.
Malati noticed changes in the lengths of her shadows during the daytime. She had some doubts about this. What could be those doubts?
Answer:

1. Why shadows are always black?
2. Why sometimes shadows are small and large?
3. Why our shadows always follows us?
4. Can we guess the time when see the shadow?

Question 9.
How can you explain the straight-line motion of light?
Answer:

1. Observe the objects, the formation of shadows and the path of light as shown, in the figure.
2. Similarly draw the shadows for the objects given in the fig. Extend the path of light and draw a shadow on the given screen.
   
3. We have drawn arrows in the above figures assuming that light travels like rays that are straight.
4. We can predict the shapes of the shadows only when we consider that light travel as rays along a straight path.
5. In ancient days, by observing the shapes of shadows people came to an understanding that light travels in a straight line.

Question 10.
We would not be able to see any object around us if light does not get reflected. How do you appreciate this property of objects?
Answer:

1. Vision is the vital sense to organisms.
2. Its possible by light reflection.
3. I feel wonder by this phenomena that provide the vision.
4. I also feel happy by seeing beauty nature by light.

Question 11.
Where do you find reflection of light in your daily life?
Answer:

• Due to the regular reflection of light, we look at our image in the plane mirror.
• We can turn the sunlight towards dark places by the regular reflection of light with the help of a shiny surface.
• The wing and rear-view mirrors of a car are made of a convex and a plane mirror
  respectively.
• A microscope uses a mirror to reflect light to the specimen under the microscope.

Activities and Projects

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 126

Question 1.
Hold a glass slab at one end with your hand and stand in the sunlight. See the shadows of your hand and glass slab. Explain what you observed.
Answer:

1. I find that glass slab does not form a shadow.
2. I observed the shadow of my hand.
3. It means glass slab is a transparent object and hand is opaque object.
4. My conclusion is that only opaque objects form clear shadow.
5. And transparent objects does not form shadows.

Question 2.
If we focus a coloured light on an opaque object, does the shadow of the object possess colour or not? Predict and do the experiment to verify your predictions. (Coloured light can be obtained by covering torch glass with a transparent coloured paper).
Answer:

1. In the colour light opaque objects forms shadows.
2. But they does not have any colour.
3. because shadow is the place where the light is prevented.
4. It does not effected by colour light.

Question 3.
Between an electric bulb and a tube light, which forms sharp shadows of objects? Do an experiment to find out and give the reasons.
Answer:

1. Between electric bulb and tube light electric bulb forms clear and sharp image.
2. Electric bulb is round in shape.
3. It takes more voltage and forms intensity light
4. That’s why electric bulb forms sharp and clear shadows.
5. But at the tube light shadow it is not sharp.
6. Here light source is lengthy.
7. And light fell on objects from different side.
8. So the shadow does not sharp.

Question 4.
A mirror is kept on the wall of your room. Your friend is sitting on a chair in that room. You are not visible to him in the mirror. How do you adjust your place so that you are visible to your friend in the mirror? Explain.
Answer:

1. Its simple technique to appear to my friend in mirror.
2. In mirror image formed by reflection.
3. In reflection light bounce in same angle.
4. That’s why I am visible to my friend when he is visible to me.
5. So, I adjust my place until my friend appear to me.
6. When my friend visible to me, I am also visible to my friend.

Activity – 1

1. Make your room dark by shutting the door and windows; and then put on the light. Look at any one of the objects in the room. After that, hold a plank or a writing pad in front of your face.  (Page No. 117)

i) Is the object visible to you?
Answer:
No the object can’t visible to me.

ii) Why is it not visible though there is light?
Answer:
Light can’t reach the eyes. So it is not visible.

iii) What happens when you hold a plank between the object and you?
Answer:
Plank prevent the light. So it can’t reach the eyes.

iv) What is that something coming from the object?
Answer:
Its light that causes sight sense.

v) Where does light come from?
Answer:
A substance which gives light is known as a light source.

vi) Which objects give us light?
Answer:
Objects give us light are Sun, a glowing bulb, lighted candle etc.

vii) Can you give some more examples for source of light?
Answer:
Sun, stars, torch, candle, bulb, flame, glowing worm.

viii) When did you see shadow? Is it during day time or at night?
Answer:
I saw the shadow at day time.

ix) Are shadows formed at night?
Answer:
No, generally shadows does not form at night time. We may form shadows by using light at night time.

x) Is it possible to form shadows when there is no sunlight, bulb or any other light?
Answer:
Its not possible to form shadows without light.

xi) What do we need to form a shadow?
Answer:
We need light to get the shadow of any object.

Activity – 2

2. Try to form shadows of a book, a pen, a duster, a polythene cover, and a glass plate on the wall of your classroom with the help of a torch.  (Page No. 117)
Do you find any differences in the shadow of the above objects? Do all objects form shadow?
i) Which objects form shadows?
Answer:
Book, plank, table, chair.

ii) Which objects do not form shadows?
Answer:
Glass, air, polyethene sheet.

iii) Think and write why some objects form shadows? And others do not?
Answer:
The objects which allow light does not form shadows. And which objects does don’t allow the light form the shadows. It means prevention of light forms shadows.

iv) Observe the figure. Write whether the sheet held by the boy is transparent, translucent or opaque below each of the picture?

Answer:
a) Opaque sheet b) Transparent sheet c) Translucent sheet

v) Think and guess and write in table which objects in your class room form shadows, which do not form shadows and which form an unclear objects?

Objects which form shadows.
Objects which form unclear shadows.
Objects which don’t form shadows.

Answer:

Objects which form shadows.	Benches, Chairs, Blackboard, Towel, Bicycle, Shoes
Objects which form unclear shadows.	Oil paper, Window, Glass pans (some), polythene
Objects which don’t form shadows.	Glass, Water, Petrol, Spirit, etc.

vi) Where do you find the shadow of the leaf?
Answer:
We find the shadow of the leaf on the wall.

vii) Where do you find the shadow of the lea fin the room?
Answer:
On the ceiling.

viii) Do you find the shadow of the leaf if you remove the sheet?
Answer:
No, we do not find the shadow of the leaf.

ix) What do you understand from the above activity?
Answer:
Only light and an opaque object are not enough to form the shadow of an object. In addition to these we need a screen.

x) Can you guess the object by observing its shadow?
Guess and write the names of the objects which form the shadows?

Answer:
a) Tree

b) Ball

c) Rabbit formed as shadow with fingers

d) Musical instrument

e) Bird formed as shadow with hands

xi) What do you find?
Answer:
I found shadows which are in dark colour.

xii) Are you able to guess the object correctly in all cases?
Answer:
No, it is not possible.

xiii) What can you conclude from the above activity?
Answer:
Shadows have no colour. We can’t guess the object by observing its shadow.

xiv) Can we guess the object by observing its shadow?
Answer:
No, not possible in all cases.

Activity – 3

3. Colour of a Shadow.  (Page No. 120)

Take four balls of equal size of different colours. Try to form a shadow of each ball as shown in fig. Ask your friend who is facing the screen and not able to see the balls to guess the colour of.

i) Is your friend able to guess the colour of the ball correctly?
Answer:
No, he not able to guess the colour.

ii) Is it possible to guess the colour of the object by observing it’s shadow? If not why?
Answer:
No, its not possible to guess the colour of the object by observing its shadow. Because any colour of object forms only dark shadows. A shadow is an area/where light is absent. Hence, the shadow is colourless irrespective of the colour of the object.

Activity – 4

Shape of Shadow.  (Page No. 121)

4. Observe the shadows of a book, a pen, a duster, a ball and a round plate, one by one, in sunlight While doing this, rotate the objects to change their positions and observe the changes in shadows. Try to answer the following questions on the basis of your observations:

i) Is there any similarity between the shadows of the ball and the plate? If yes, what?
Answer:
Yes, both shadows are round in shape.

ii) What change do you observe in the shadows formed when you hold the pen horizontally and then vertically?
Answer:
The pen shadow is different when you hold the pen horizontally and then vertically. When you hold the pen vertically the shadow seems as object. When you turn the pen horizontally the shadow become round in shape.

iii) What differences do you observe ip the shadows when the duster is kept in different positions by rotating it?
Answer:
I found that duster have different shadows in different positions by rotating it. Some times the shadow seems as duster and sometimes not.

iv) Why are the shapes of the shadows of the same object different when you change the position of the object?
Answer:
A. shadow is a dark area where light from a light source is blocked by an opaque object.
B. The object may have different shapes in different angles.
C. So, the shadow shape is changed.

Activity – 5

GETTING DIFFERENT SHAPES OF SHADOWS OF A SINGLE OBJECT:  (Page No. 122)

5. Take a rectangular piece of cardboard. Try to form shadows of different shapes by using it. You can do this in the sunlight or with the light from a torch. Now, answer the following questions:
i) Were you able to make a square shaped shadow?
Answer:
When I just bend the rectangular cardboard in front of light source, it forms square shaped shadow.

ii) Were you able to make a triangular shadow?
Answer:
When we gradually rotate the object towards the light source, the square shadow change into triangle.

iii) Were you able to make a circular shadow?
Answer:
No. I am not able to make a circular shadow.

iv) What are the other possible shapes?
Answer:
Rectangular, square, line, rhombus, triangle.

v) Why are we getting different shapes of shadows when the object is the same?
Answer:
Because of the straight line path followed by light rays, we can get different shaped shadows for a single object by changing its position.

Activity – 6

FUN WITH A MAGNIFYING LENS        (Page No. 123)

6. Take a magnifying lens and try to form an image of a tree on a white drawing sheet.
i) What do you observe in the image formed on the sheet?
Answer:
The image on the white drawing sheet is inverted.

ii) What difference do you notice between the images formed through the pinhole camera and through the magnifying glass?
Answer:
I notice that the image formed through the magnifying lens is clearer than that formed with a pinhole camera.

iii) Can you find any other differences or similarities between shadows arid images? Write in your note book.
Answer:
Similarity:
Shadow and image are related to light.
Without light both are not visible.

Difference:
The key difference between image and shadow is that the image is the reflection of the light rays by an object, whereas the shadow is a dark shape projected onto a surface when an opaque object obstruct the light rays.
The term image generally refers to an optical representation of a real object. A shadow is black in color while an image is colorful, and represents the real colors of the object it represents.

Activity – 7

OBSERVE THE REFLECTION  (Page No. 124)

7. Make your classroom dark by closing the doors and windows. Ask one of your friends to hold a mirror in his hand. Take a torch and cover its glass with a black paper leaving only slit in the middle. Now switch on the torch and adjust it so that light falls on the mirror in your friend’s hand. Ask your friend to adjust the mirror so that the patch of light falls on another friend standing in front of him at some distance.

i) What do you observe from the above activity?
Answer:
When light falls on any object, it rebounds back. This is called reflection.

ii) Ask your friend A to cover the mirror with a book. Now switch on the torch and focus it on the book, Can you see the patch of light on your friend? Why?
Answer:
When mirror is covered with book I can’t found patch of light on my friend. Because the surface of book is not smooth as mirror. On smooth surfaces reflection is effective.

iii) Did the light that fell on the book not get reflected?
Answer:
The light fell on the book is reflected. But its irregular reflection. Because the book surface is not smooth as mirror.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Knowing About Plants Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 2nd Lesson Knowing About Plants

6th Class Science 2nd Lesson Knowing About Plants Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.

1. Tap root system is present in ——– plants.
Answer:
dicot.
2. The bud at the tip of the stem is known as ——–.
Answer:
terminal bud.
3. Part of the leaf that helps in the exchange of gases is ——–.
Answer:
stomata.
4. Primary organs of photosynthesis are ——–
Answer:
Leaves.

Choose the correct Answer.

1. The important function of stomata is
A) Conduction
B) Transpiration
C) Photosynthesis
D) Absorption
Answer:
B) Transpiration

2. Part of plant that helps in absorption of water and minerals
A) Root
B) Stem
C) Leaf
D) Flower
Answer:
A) Root

3. Part of the stem from where leaves arise is called
A) Node
B) Bud
C) Cotyledon
D) Internodes
Answer:
A) Node

Answer the Following Questions.

Question 1.
What are the important parts of a plant?
Answer:
The important parts of a plant are: a) Roots, b) Stem, c) Leaves, e) Flower and e) Fruit.

Question 2.
How does the stem help the plant?
Answer:
The stem of a plant,

• supports the branches, leaves, flowers and fruits.
• transports water and minerals from roots to upper aerial parts of the plant.
• transports food from leaves to other parts.
• in some plants, it stores the food so that they are known as the modified stem.
  Ex. Potato, turmeric, ginger, garlic and sugarcane.

Question 3.
What is the relation between the type of root system and venation?
Answer:
The relation between the type of root system and leaf venation is,
a) The plants having tap root system has reticulate venation.
b) The plants having a fibrous root system has parallel venation.

Question 4.
Rajani said “Respiration takes place in leaves” she correct? How can you support this statement?
Answer:

1. What Rajani said is correct.
2. The leaves of plants have tiny pores on their surface, which are called stomata.
3. Stomata acts like a nose to the leaf.
4. So that exchange of gases in the leaves takes place through stomata during respiration.

Question 5.
What will happen if a plant does not have any leaves?
Answer:

• Leaves are the sites of photosynthesis for the preparation of food.
• Gaseous exchange in plants takes place through leaves by the process of respiration.
• Excess of water in the plant is removed in the form of vapours through the leaf surface.
• If the plant does not have any leaves it will not able to make its own food and cannot perform the functions of respiration and transpiration.
• Stem can perform these functions in those plants that does not have leaves.

Question 6.
How can you show that plants absorb water through their roots?
Answer:
Aim: To observe the absorption of water by root.
What you need: A carrot, a glass of water and blue ink.
What to do:

• Take a glass of water and add a few drops of blue ink to it.
• Now place a carrot in the glass.
• Leave the carrot in water for 2 or 3 days.
• Then cut the carrot in water, lengthwise and observe.

What do you see: Blue colour appears in the carrot.
What do you learn: The blue colour indicates that water moved upward in the carrot showing that root absorbs water.

Question 7.
Explain the various parts of a plant with the help of a diagram.
Answer:
The important parts of a plant are:
a) root b) stem c) leaf d) flower e) fruit
a) Root: The underground part of the main axis of the plant is the root.

• Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil.

b) Stem: The aerial part of the plant above the ground is the stem.

• It bears branches, leaves, flowers and fruits.
• It transports water, minerals and nutrients to the various parts.

c) Leaf: The flat, green portion of a plant that arises from a node is a leaf.

• It helps in photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration.

d) Flower: The bright and beautiful part of the plant.

• It is a reproductive part of a plant.

e) Fruit: It is an edible part of a plant that contains seeds.

• It developed from the flower.

Question 8.
Explain the parts of a leaf with the help of a diagram.
Answer:
The main part of a leaf is,
a) Leaf base b) Petiole c) Lamina d) Midrib e) Veins
a) Leaf base: Lower part of the leaf that joins the leaf to the stem near the node.
b) Petiole: A stalk-like/structure that connects leaf to the stem of the plant.
c) Lamina: The thin, flat, green portion of the leaf is lamina.
d) Midrib: The long vein that present in the middle of the lamina.
e) Veins: The branches arising from the midrib and spread over all the lamina.

Question 9.
John has no sufficient place around his house to grow plants. But he wants to grow vegetables like tomato or brinjal. Suggest him some ways to grow plants.
Answer:
Terrace garden, Kitchen garden, Vertical garden are some methods for growing the plants in limited space.
a) Terrace garden: It is a simple garden growing on the terrace. In this process, we use water bottles, plant pots and other waste vessels to grow the plants.
b) Kitchen garden: A garden in which plants for use in the kitchen are cultivated.
c) Vertical garden: A garden in which the plants are supported to grow vertical, especially fences, posts, walls rather than along the ground.

Activities and Projects

Question 1.
Collect any plant from your surroundings. Draw its root structure. What can you say about its root system?
Answer:

• The root system collected in the plant exhibit tap root system.
• In this plant, the main root is thick and grows straight down into the ground is Tap root.
• And the smaller roots arising from the tap root are Lateral roots.
• The root system helps the plant to penetrate into deep layers of the soil.

(OR)

• The root system collected in the plant exhibit tuberous root system.
• In this plant all roots are thin and uniform in size.
• This root system consists of a cluster of roots arising from the base of the stem.
• The root system helps the plant to hold the soil firmly and prevent soil erosion.

Question 2.
Collect the leaves of various plants and prepare a herbarium. Write a brief report on their shapes size and venation.
Answer:
Students collect different shapes and sizes of leaves.

• A Herbarium is a store house of plant specimens which are collected, dried and mounted on paper sheets.
• There are different shapes such as linear, elongated elliptical etc.
• The collected leaves showing reticulate venation and parallel venation in some plants.

Question 3.
Prepare a greeting card with dry leaves.
Answer:
The student can prepare this in a way of his choice. (Student Activity)

Question 4.
Observe a plant that has healthy green leaves and beautiful flowers. Write your feelings about the plant in your note book.
Answer:

• When we see a plant with healthy green leaves and beautiful flowers, we wonder at the glance of such point.
• The green colour of the leaves gives us good scenery and good visibility.
• Green colour is pleasant to our eyes so that it is quite healthy for our eyes.
• On seeing the healthy plant, our mind gets refreshed and tries to forget all the worries.
• The colour and beauty of the flowers makes us relax and its fragrance gives us aroma.

6th Class Science 2nd Lesson Knowing About Plants Activities

Activity – 1

1. Collect 5 or 6 different types of plants from your garden.    (Page No. 13)
a) Observe the collected plants and try to identify their parts. Take the help of fig. 1 in your text book and write your observations in Table given Let us discuss the following questions.

Answer:

Sl.No.	Name of the plant	Root Yes/No	Stem Yes/No	Leaves Yes/No	Flower Yes/No
1.	Rice	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
2.	Tulasi	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
3.	Mango	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
4.	Rose	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
5.	Neem	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

i) Did you find any plant which does not have roots?
Answer:
No. I don’t find any plant without roots.
ii) Are the leaves of all plants similar in size?
Answer:
No. The leaves of all the plants are not in similar in size.
iii) Is there any plant without flowers?
Answer:
Ferns, mosses and liverworts are non flowering plants.
iv) What are the common parts that you observe in all plants?
Answer:
Roots, stem, leaves and flowers are the common parts that I observed in all plants.
v) Observe the roots of the plants you collected. How are they?
Answer:
They are not alike.
vi) Do all plants have a similar type of root?
Answer:
No, they have different roots.
vii) Is there any difference?
Answer:
Yes, we can observe the differences some plants have tap root system and some have fibrous

b) Compare the roots of your sample plants with pictures fig 2 and fig 3 and write your observations in table and answer the following questions.

S.No.	Name of the plant	Type of root system
1.	Tridax plant
2.
3.
4.
5.

Answer:

S.No.	Name of the plant	Type of root system
1.	Tridax plant	Tap root system
2.	Rice	Fibrous root system
3.	Tulasi	Tap root system
4.	Mango	Tap root system
5.	Rose	Tap root system
6.	Neem	Tap root system

i) In the tap root system, how does the middle root look like?
Answer:
Middle main root become thick and has thin rootlets.
ii) Compare the middle root with the remaining roots in the tap root system?
Answer:
The middle root is thick and known as Tap root, and the remaining rootlets are thin and known as Lateral roots.
iii) Do you find any such main root in fibrous root system? How are the roots of this plant?
Answer:
No. There is no main root in fibrous root system. Here all roots are similar in size.
iv) Do you find any other differences between tap root system and fibrous root system?
Taproot system consists of Taproot and Lateral roots in different sizes whereas in fibrous root system all roots are thin and uniform in size.

Activity – 2

2. Write an activity to identify an emerging point that belong to either monocot or dicot in your science lab.  (Page No. 14)
Answer:
Aim: To observe the cotyledons of bean seeds and finger millets comparatively with their root systems.
What you need: Two paper cups, soil, bean seeds, finger millet seeds, water.
What to do?:

• Take two paper cups and fill them with fertile soil.
• Sow 2 or 3 bean seeds in a cup and few finger millets in another cup.
• Sprinkle water over them.
• After a couple of days, we will see the sprouts.
• Observe the newly emerging leaves of that sprouts.
• Take out the plants out of the soil carefully and observe their roots.

What do you see: Two leaves are emerged from the bean seed and only one leaf emerged from the finger millet seedlings. These are the cotyledons.

• Bean has two cotyledons so it is a dicot plant.
• Finger millet has one cotyledon so it is a monocot plant.
• Bean plant has tap root system whereas finger millet has fibrous root system.

What do you learn:

• Dicot plants have tap root system whereas monocot plants have fibrous System.
• So that there is a relation between the cotyledons and the root system.

Activity – 3

Water absorption by Root.   (Page No. 13)

3. How can you explain that plants absorb water through their roots?
Answer:
Aim: To observe the absorption of water by root.
What you need: A carrot, a glass of water and blue ink.
What to do: Take a glass of water and add a few drops of blue ink to it.

• Now place a carrot in the glass.
• Leave the carrot in water for 2 or 3 days.
• Then cut the carrot in water, lengthwise and observe.

What do you see: Blue colour appears in the carrot.
What do you learn: The blue colour indicates that water moved upward in the carrot showing that root absorbs water.

• Observe the figure. Which part of the plant does that boy hold to swing?
  
  Answer:
  Roots of Banyan (Aerial roots).

Activity – 4
4. How can you prove that the water absorbed by the root is carried cut through stem to all parts of the plants?
Answer:
Aim: To observe the conduction of water by a stem.

What you need: A small twig of balsam plant, a glass of water, red ink.
What to do: Take a glass of water and add a few drops of ink to it.

• Now place the small twig in the water.

What do you see: The stem turns reddish.
What do you learn: The red ink is taken and transported by the stem upwards.
Observe the given picture of a leaf and its parts.

• Where is the leaf attached to the stem?
  Answer:
  Leaf base.
• What is the flat portion of the leaf called?
  Answer:
  Lamina (or) Leaf plate.
• What do you call the small line like structure in the flat portion of the leaf?
  Answer:
  Veins.
• Which part connects leaf lamina with the stem?
  Answer:
  Petiole.

Activity – 5

Are all leaves the same?   (Page No. 17)

5. a) Observe the leaves of the plants that you collected in activity 1.

• How are they?
  Answer:
  They are thin and flattened green structures.
• Are all the leaves being same size and shape?
  Answer:
  No. The leaves are not the same size and shape.

b) Compare the leaves of the plants collected in activity 1. Write your observation in the table given. You can also draw what you see in the shape and edge columns if describing is difficult.

S.No.	Name of the plant	Leaf base Yes/No	Petiole Yes/No	Lamina Yes/No	Shape of the leaf	Edges of the leaf
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Answer:

S.No.	Name of the plant	Leaf base Yes/No	Petiole Yes/No	Lamina Yes/No	Shape of the leaf	Edges of the leaf
1.	Rice	Yes	No	Yes	Linear	Hairy
2.	Tulasi	Yes	Yes	Yes	Oval	Slightly toothed
3.	Mango	Yes	Yes	Yes	Oval	Smooth
4.	Rose	Yes	Yes	Yes	Oval	Sharply toothed
5.	Neem	Yes	Yes	Yes	Linear	Dentate

• What are the common parts that you observe in all the leaves?
  Answer:
  Leaf base, petiole, lamina are the common parts I observed in all the leaves.
• Do all the leaves have the same shape?
  Answer:
  No. All the leaves have not the same shape.

Activity – 6

6. Put a leaf under a white sheet of paper or a sheet in your notebook. Hold the tip of the pencil flat and rub it on the paper.        (Page No. 18)

• Did you get any impression?
  Answer:
  Yes. I get the impression of leaf.
• Is this pattern being similar to that of the leaf?
  Answer:
  Yes. It is similar to that of the leaf.

Activity – 7

Types of Venation. (Page No. 18)

7. Observe the venation of the leaves that you collected in activity 1. With the help of fig. 6 right your observations in table 4.

S.No.	Name of the Plant	Venation (Reticulate / Parallel)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Answer:

S.No.	Name of the Plant	Venation (Reticulate / Parallel)
1.	Rice	Parallel venation
2.	Tulasi	Reticulate venation
3.	Mango	Reticulate venation
4.	Rose	Reticulate venation
5.	Neem	Reticulate venation

a) Now compare the results obtained in table-2 with table-4.

• What type of roots are there in plants having parallel venation in their leaves?
  Answer:
  Fibrous roots are there in plants having parallel venation in their leaves.
• What type of roots are there in plants having web-like venation in their leaves?
  Answer:
  Taproot system is there in plants having web-like venation in their leaves.
• Is there any relation between venation and root system?
  Answer:
  Yes. There is a relation between venation and the root system.
  The plants with taproot system have leaves with web-like or reticulate venation and plants with fibrous roots have parallel venation.

Activity – 8

Stomata Observation. (Page No. 19)

8. What procedure do you follow to observe the stomata in your school lab?
Answer:
Aim: To observe stomata in a leaf.

What you need: Fleshy leaf, water, microscope, slide.
What to do:

• Take a fleshy leaf.
• Peel the outer layer of the leaf and place it on a slide.
• Put a drop of water on it and observe it under a microscope.

What do you see: We find some bean-shaped parts.
What do you learn: The bean-shaped parts are stomata. Its acts like our nose.

Activity – 9

Transpiration. (Page No. 19)

9. Write an activity to explain transpiration in plants.
Answer:
Aim: To observe that excess water is removed in the form of vapours from the leaf surface.

What you need: Well-watered potted plant, polythene bags, thread.
What to do:

• Take a well-watered potted plant.
• Enclose a leafy branch of the plant in a polythene bag and tie its mouth.
• Take another polythene bag and tie its mouth without keeping any plant.
• Keep both polythene bags under the sun.

What do you see:

• We see some droplets in the polythene bag that ties on the plant.
• There are no droplets in another polythene bag.

What do you learn: Plants release excess water in the body through the stomata of the leaves.

• This process of releasing water in the form of vapour by the process called transpiration.