Mahesh

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Important Questions Unit 2

7th Class English Important Questions Unit 2

Section – A: Reading Comprehension

A. Reading

1. Read the following passage carefully.

On the busy Bowbazaar Street in Calcutta there was an old building. It was the headquarters of the Indian Association for Cultivation of Science. In December, on a fine evening in 1927, there was much excitement in one of its laboratories. Chandrasekhar Venkata Raman was showing a visitor some of his instruments when a young man, K.S.Krishnan, rushed in and announced, “Professor Compton has won the Nobel Prize.”

Now answer the following questions:
1) What was there in the old building?
2) Where was the Indian Association for cultivation of Science located ?
3) When did this incident take place?
4) Why was there such an excitement in the laboratory?
5) Who was the famous scientist mentioned in the passage?
6) What was C.V. Raman doing?
7) Who was the young man mentioned in the passage?
8) What did K.S. Krishnan announce?
9) Who won the Nobel Prize?
10) When did professor Compton win Nobel Prize?
Answers:
1) In the old building there was the head quarters of the Indian Association for Cultivation of Science.
2) The head quarters of the Indian Association for Cultivation of Science was located in Bowbazaar street in Calcutta.
3) This incident took place in December of 1927.
4) C.V. Raman was showing a visitor some of his instruments.
5) C.V. Raman was the famous scientist mentioned in the passage.
6) C.V. Raman was showing a visitor some of his instruments.
7) The young man mentioned in this passage was K.S. Krishnan.
8) K.S. Krishnan announced that Professor Compton had won the Nobel Prize.
9) Professor Compton won the Nobel Prize.
10) Professor Compton won the Nobel Prize in 1927.

2. Read the following passage carefully.

Raman was equally delighted. “Excellent news,” he said, smiling at the visitor and then he was lost in thought. “But…. look here, Krishnan,” he said turning to the young man, “if this. Compton Effect is true of X-rays, it must be true of light too.”
A few years earlier, A.H.Compton had shown that the nature of X-rays changes when passed through matter. The change was dependent on the kind of matter. This effect was called the ‘Compton Effect.’

Now answer the following questions:
1) Why was Raman equally delighted?
2) What was the ‘Excellent news’?
3) “He was lost in thoughts” – What was he thinking?
4) What was the assumption made by C.V. Raman?
5) What do you mean by ‘Compton Effect’?
6) What did A.H. Compton show?
7) Does the nature of X-rays change in the same way when pass through all kinds matter?
8) “It must be true of light too” – What does ‘it’ refer to?
9) If A.H. Compton had not discovered the Compton Effect, do you think Raman would have discovered the ‘Raman Effect’?
10) What does the change of nature of X-rays depend on?
Answers:
1) “If the Compton Effect of X-rays is true. It must be true of light too.” It made C.V. Raman equally delighted.
2) The news that “Professor Compton has won the Nobel Prize” was excellent.
3) He was thinking that, if the Compton Effect of X-rays is true, it must be true of light too.
4) If Compton Effect is true of X-rays, it must be true of light too. ’
5) The nature of X-rays changes when passed through matter. The matter was dependent on the
kind of matter. The effect was known as ‘The Compton Effect”.
6) A.H. Compton showed that the nature of X- rays changes when passed through matter.
7) No. The nature of X-rays changes dependent on the kind of matter.
8) The assumption that the nature of light changes when it passes through matter.
9) From the passage we can understand that C.V. Raman had already formulated his theory and he was about to announce his ‘Raman Effect’. But the Compton Effect give him confidence. Hence I can say if Compton Effect had not been discovered C.V. Raman would have discovered his ‘Raman Effect’.
10) The nature of X-rays change when it passes through matter depending on the kind of matter.

3. Read the following passage.

Could light also change its nature when passed through a transparent medium? That was the question that Raman asked himself. For five years he had been doing research in optics, the science of light. No sophisticated equipment was available in his laboratory, but Raman was confident that he could find the answer with some modifications in his equipment.
Four months later, on March 16,1928, Raman announced his discovery of ‘new radiation’ (describing the behaviour of a beam of light passing through a liquid chemical) to an assembly of scientists at Bangalore (now called Bengaluru).

Now answer the following questions :
1) What was the question Raman asked himself?
2) How long had he been doing research on light?
3) What do you mean by optics?
4) What was the setback faced by C.V. Raman in his research?
5) How was C.V. Raman able to find solution to his problem?
6) When did Raman announce his discovery?
7) What was the discovery made by C.V. Raman?
8) How is Bangalore now called?
9) Where did Raman announce his discovery?
10) To whom did C.V. Raman reveal his discovery to?
Answers :
1) Raman asked himself whether light could also change its nature when passed through a transparent medium.
2) He had been doing research on light for five years.
3) Optics means the science of light.
4) No sophisticated equipment was available in his laboratory.
5) Ramart was able to find the answer with some modifications in his equipment.
6) Raman announced his discovery on 16th March, 19281
7) Raman discovered ‘new radiation’ describing the behaviour of a beam of light passing through a liquid chemical.
8) Bangalore is now called ‘Bengaluru’.
9) Raman announced his discovery in Bengaluru.
10) C.V. Raman described his discovery to an assembly of scientists.

4. Read the following passage.

The world hailed the discovery as the ‘Raman Effect’. For scientific research in this country, it was a red-letter day. His discovery caught the attention of the world. With equipment worth hardly Rs. 200/- and limited facilities, Raman was able to make a discovery which won him the Nobel Prize in physics in 1930.

Now answer the following questions :
1) How was C.V. Raman’s discovery hailed as?
2) What was a red-letter day?
3) What do you mean by the phrase “red-letter day “?
4) What was the day ‘a red-letter day’ for?
5) What was so special about Raman’s discovery?
6) What did his discovery fetch him?
7) When did C.V. Raman win the Nobel Prize?
8) In which subject did C.V. Raman win Nobel Prize?
9) “For his scientific research in his country” – Which country did he belong to?
10) What do you mean by ‘Raman Effect’?
Answers : .
1) C.V. Raman’s discovery was hailed as ‘Raman Effect’.
2) March, 16, 1928 was a red-letter day.
3) The phrase ‘a red-letter day’ means an important day.
4) The day was the red-letter day for scientific research in his country.
5) Raman was able to make a discovery with equipment worth hardly Rs. 200 and limited facilities.
6) His discovery fetched him the Nobel Prize.
7) C.V. Raman won the Nobel Prize in 1930.
8) C.V. Raman won the Nobel Prize in Physics.
9) C.V. Raman belonged to India.
10) Raman Effect means that the light change its nature when passed through a transparent medium.

5. Read the following passage.

Raman was born on November 7, 1888, at Tiruchirapalli in Tamil Nadu. His father was a college physics teacher. He was a brilliant student right from the start. When Raman passed his matriculation, his parents were keen to send him abroad for higher studies. But on medical grounds, a British surgeon advised them against it and Raman stayed in the country to do the M.A. course at Presidency College in Madras (now called Chennai).

Now answer the following questions:
1) When was C.V. Raman born?
2) Where was C.V Raman born?
3) What was C.V. Raman’s father?
4) “He was a brilliant student right from the start” – Who does ‘he’ here refer to?
5) What did his parents want to do when he passed matriculation?
6) Why could C.V. Raman not go abroad for higher studies?
7) What did the British surgeon advise him?
8) ” …….. a British surgeon advised them against it” — What does it refer to?
9) Where did C.V. Raman do his M.A. course?
10) How is Madras now called?
Answers:
1) C.V. Raman was born on November 7, 1888.
2) C.V. Raman was born at Tiruchirapalli in Tamil Nadu.
3) C.V. Raman’s father was a Physics teacher.
4) ‘He’ here refers to C.V. Raman.
5) When C.V. Raman passed his Matriculation his parents decided to send him to abroad for higher studies.
6) He was unable to go abroad for higher studies because a British surgeon advised him against it on medical grounds.
7) The British surgeon advised them not to send C.V. Raman abroad for higher studies because his, health did not support him.
8) It here refers to go abroad.
9) C.V. Raman did his M.A. course at Presidency College in Madras.
10) Madras is now called Chennai.

6. Read the following passage.

In his youth, Raman was mainly interested in acoustics, the science of sound. He studied how stringed instruments like the violin and the sitar could produce harmonious music.
He was elected to the Royal Society of London in 1924 and the British Government made him a knight of the British Empire in 1929. It was a high honour for any great scientist.
His advice to young scientists was to look at the world around them and not to confine themselves to their laboratories. “The essence of science,” he said, “is independent thinking and hard work, not equipment.”

Now answer the following questions:
1) What was Raman mainly interested in?
2) What do you mean by acoustics?
3) What did he study in acoustics?
4) How did the British Government honour him?
5) When was he elected to Royal Society of London?
6) What was an honour for any scientist?
7) What was Raman’s advice to young scientists?
8) What is ‘the essence of science’ according to C.V. Raman?
9) What are the stringed instruments mentioned in the passage?
10) What does the word ‘harmonious’ mean?
Answers:
1) Raman was mainly interested in acoustics.
2) Acoustics is a science of sound.
3) In acoustics he studied how stringed instruments such as the violin and the sitar could produce harmonious music.
4) The British government honoured him by making him the knight of the British Empire.
5) He was elected to Royal Society London in 1924.
6) Receiving the knighthood of the British Empire is an honour to any scientist.
7) Raman advised the young scientists not to confine themselves to their laboratories but to
look at the world.
8) According to C.V. Raman, the essence of science is independent thinking and hardwork not equipment.
9) The violin and the sitar are the stringed instruments mentioned in the passage.
10) The word ’harmonious’ means ‘very pleasant’.

7. Read the following passage.

C.V.Raman was the first Indian scholar who studied wholly in India and received the
Nobel Prize. He was the first Asian and the first non-white to win such a great award in science. He passed away in 1970 on November 21. But his memories are with us. February 28, the day on which he discovered the ‘Raman Effect’, is celebrated as National Science Day to commemorate his remarkable achievement in science.

Now answer the following questions:
1) Who was the first Indian scholar that studied wholly in India and received the Nobel Prize?
2) What was so special in C.V. Raman’s winning Nobel Prize?
3) When did C.V. Raman die?
4) When did C.V. Raman discover Raman Effect?
5) On which day do we celebrate the National Science Day in India?
6) Why do we celebrate the National Science day on 28th February?
7) What was the remarkable achievement of C.V. Raman?
8) Who was the first Asian to receive the Nobel Prize in science?
9) Who was the first non-white to receive the Nobel Peace Prize?
10) What does the phrase ‘pass away’ mean?
Answers :
1) C.V. Raman was the first Indian scholar who wholly studied in India and received the Nobel Prize.
2) a) C.V. Raman was the first Indian scholar who wholly studied in India and received the Nobel Prize.
b) C.V. Raman was the first Asian and the first non-white to win Nobel Prize in Science.
3) C.V. Raman died on 21st November 1970.
4) C.V. Raman discovered Raman Effect on 28th February 1928.
5) We celebrate National Science day on 28th February in India.
6) We celebrate our National Science day on 28th February because on the same day of 1928 Raman discovered Raman Effect. .
7) Discovering ‘Raman Effect’ was the remarkable achievement of C.V. Raman.
8) C.V. Raman was the first Indian to receive the Nobel Prize in science.
9) C.V. Raman was the first non-white to receive the Nobel Prize in science.
10) The phrase ‘pass away’ means ‘to die’.

B. Reading

1. Read the following lines.

Mum, I don’t want to go to school today,
‘Cause I fear our world is in decay.
I feel my teachers are part of the plot,
I’m the only one who sees through the rot.
Scientists are cloning pigs and sheep,
Saying, it’s change – a quantum leap.
Biologists are making stem cells grow,
Saying, it’s change – the way to go.

Now answer the following questions:
1) Who is the speaker of these lines?
2) I’m the only one who sees through the rot.
What is the poet trying to convey by the underlined words above?
3) Who are the parts of the plot to ruin the world?
4) What change are the biologists bringing in?
5) What is considered a quantum leap?
Answers:
1) The speaker of these lines is a school going child.
2) The speaker means that humans are destroying nature and the Earth. So, many changes are happening in the world now.
3) The speaker fears that teachers are part of the plot.
4) Biologists are making stem, cells grow.
5) Cloning of pigs and sheep is considered a quantum leap.

Additional Questions (i):
1) Who is the speaker of these lines?
2) Can you guess the age of the speaker?
3) What do you mean by ‘plot’?
4) What is the speaker’s complaint?
5) Pick out the rhyming words from above.
Answers:
1) School going girl.
2) The speaker is a small child. I can say that because she is a school-going girl.
Actually the poet “Emma Gorrie’ was an bight year old girl when she wrote the poem, she wrote this poem for a competition.
3) The scientists made a plot to destroy the world.
4) The speaker’s complaint is that the teachers are teaching her about the discoveries of scientists which she feels are causing the decay of the world.
5) today – decay; plot – rot; sheep – leap; grow – go.

Additional Questions (ii):
1) Why does not the speaker want to go to school?
2) “I fear our world is in decay” – How can you support the speaker’s statement?
3) Who are part of the secret plans to decay the world?
4) What are the teachers a part of?
5) What are the scientists doing?
6) How do the scientists feel about cloning?
7) What do you mean by cloning?
8) How would you feel if a scientist cloned you?
9) “I am the only one who sees through the rot” – What does ‘the rot’ here mean?
10) Why does the speaker only understand the plot?
Answers:
1) Because in her school she was taught many scientifical developments and discoveries which she fears leads to the decay of the world.
2) The scientists were able to find out so many things about the world that tells about the decay of the world. But scientists are not responsible for the decay of the world as the poet thinks of but the human beings are exploiting the nature and environment and in such a way they are causing the decay of the world.
3) According to the poet the teachers are part of the plot.
4) The teachers are the part of the plot made by scientists.
5) The scientists are cloning pigs and sheep.
6) The scientists feel that cloning as a quantum leap.
7) Producing an exact copy of an animal using DNA fragments, cells of the animals.
8) If a scientist cloned me I would be very much excited to see another ‘me’, with the same
appearances, mannerisms and resemblances of mine.
9) The rot here means that those worst things which cause the decay of the world.
10) The poet sees the negative side of the scientists findings and they cause a lot of concern to her.

2. Read the following lines.

Biologists are making stem cells grow,
Saying, it’s change — the way to go.
Geologists are finding cracks in our earth,
Saying, it’s change — predicting its birth.
Archaeologists are digging up fossils and bones,
Saying, it’s change — time for clones.
Yes, scientists are causing me great concern,
Giving us kids too much to learn!

Now answer the following questions:
1) What are the biologists doing?
2) What do the biologists say when they make the stem cells grow?
3) What do the geologists discover?
4) After finding the cracks what are the geologists able to discover?
5) What are the archaeologists doing?
6) What do the archaeologists say when they find out fossils and bones?
7) What do the archaeologists want to clone?
8) In what way are the scientists causing a great concern?
9) Who are causing a great concern to the students?
10) What do you mean by ‘stem cell’?
11) What do you mean by fossil?
12) What does an archaeologist do?
13) Pick out the word that describes the person who studies the life of plants and animals.
14) Pick out the word which describes a person who studies the interior of the earth and rocks.
15) Are the scientists actually causing a great concern? Support your answer.
Answers :
1) The biologists are making the stem cells grow.
2) When they make the stem cells grow, the biologists say that it is a change and it should be the’way to happen.
3) The geologists find the cracks in our earth.
4) After finding the cracks in the earth the geologists are able to*predict the process of the birth of the earth.
5) Archaeologists are digging up fossils and bones.
6) The archaeologists say it’s a change and they say it’s time to clone the ancient animals using fossils and bones.
7) The archaeologists want to clone fossils and bones.
8) The scientists are causing a great concern to students by discovering a lot of new things and making the students to learn all these things.
9) The scientists are causing a lot of concern to the students.
10) The stem cells means a basic type of cell from which all other cells develop.
11) The fossil means the remains of an animal or a plant which have become hard and turned into rock.
12) Archaeologist is a person who studies the buried remains of ancient times.
13) The person who studies the life of plant animals is called a biologist.
14) Geologist.
15) No. The scientists are not causing a great concern. When they find out something serious about the existence of the world they warn us. They also suggest us some measures to protect the environment and the nature.

C. Reading

1. Read the following passage.

It was midnight when Susruta was awakened by a frantic knocking at the door.
“Who’s out there?” asked the aged doctor, taking a lighted torch from its socket in the wall and approaching the door.
“I’m a traveller, my revered Susruta,” was the anguished reply. “A tragedy has befallen me. I need your help….”
Susruta opened the door. What he saw was a man kneeling before him, tears flowing from his eyes and blood from his disfigured nose.
“Get up, my son, and come in,” said Susruta. “Everything will be all right. But be quiet, now.”
He led the stranger to a neat and clean room.

Now answer the following questions:
a) Who was the aged doctor mentioned in the passage ?
b) How was the traveller when Susruta saw him?
c) What time of the day did the above incident take place?
d) Why did Susruta take the traveller into a room?
e) Who helped the traveller?
Answers:
a) Susrutha
b) tears flowing from his eyes and blood from his disfigured nose
c) It was midnight.
d) to treat his disfigured nose
e) Susrutha helped the traveller.

Additipnal Questions (i):
a) When was Susruta awakened?
b) What was the profession of Susruta?
c) How was the traveller’s nose?
d) Where was the lighted torch?
e) What did Susruta say to the traveller?
Answers:
1) At midnight
2) Doctor
3) Disfigured
4) It was in a socket in the wall.
5) Susruta told the traveller that everything would be alright and suggested him to be quiet
then.

Additional Questions (ii):
1) Who was Susruta?
2) Who awakened Susruta at midnight?
3) What do you mean by the word “Frantic”?
4) Why was the traveller anguished?
5) Why were there tears in the eyes of the traveller?
6) What did the traveller ask Susruta?
7) What was the tragedy befallen to him?
8) What help do you think did the traveller needed from Susruta?
9) How did Susruta receive him?
10) What do you understand about Susruta by the way he received the traveller?
Answers:
1) Susruta was an ancient surgeon.
2) A traveller awakened Susruta at midnight.
3) Quick and unorganised
4) Because his nose was disfigured and there was a lot of bleeding.
5) Because his nose was cut off and it was bleeding heavily.
6) The traveller asked Susnita for his help.
7) The tragedy befallen to him was his nose was cut off and it was bleeding heavily.
8) The traveller needed the treatment for Susruta. He wanted his nose to be operated.
9) Though it was a midnight, though he was very old he received the traveller with love and he assured him everything would be all right and he would be quite well very soon.
10) By the way he received the traveller we can understand that Susruta was very kind and considerate. He did not frighten the patient but gave him assurance that he Would be quite very soon.

2. Read the following passage.

He led the stranger to a neat and clean room, with surgical instruments on its walls. He washed his face with water and the juice of a medicinal plant. He then offered him a mug of wine and began preparing for the operation.
With a large leaf of a creeper brought from the garden, he measured the size of the stranger’s nose. Taking a knife and forceps from the wall, he held them over a flame and cut a strip of flesh from the stranger’s cheek. The man moaned, but the wine had numbed his senses.

Now answer the following questions:
1) Where did Susruta take him to?
2) How was the room?
3) What do you think was the room used as?
4) What did Susruta do as soon as he took the man inside the room?
5) Why do you think Susruta offered him a mug of wine?
6) How did Susruta use the leaf of a creeper?
7) What did Susruta do with knife and forceps?
8) Why did Susruta cut a strip of flesh from the traveller’s check?
9) How could the traveller bear the pain of the surgery?
10) What did Susruta use wine for?
Answers:
1) Susruta took the traveller to a neat and clean room.
2) The room was neat and clean with surgical instruments on its walls.
3) I think the room was used as an operation theatre.
4) As soon as Susruta took the man inside the room he washed his face with water and the juice of a medicinal plant.
5) I think Susruta offered him a mug of wine for making his senses ‘numb’ when he was being operated on.
6) Susruta used the leaf to measure his nose.
7) Susruta used the knife and forceps to cut a strip of flesh from the stranger’s cheek.
8) Susruta wanted to use the flesh to make up the cut off nose.
9) The traveller drank a mug of wine and it numbed his senses when he was operated upon
and thus he was able to bear the pain of the surgery.
10) Susruta used the wine as an anaesthesia.

3. Read the following passage.

In this manner Susruta mended a nose some 26 centuries ago. And what he did is not greatly different from what a plastic surgeon would do today. In fact, Susruta is today recognised as the father of plastic surgery all over the world. His treatise, Susruta samhita, has considerable medical knowledge of relevance even today. It indicates that India was far ahead of the rest of the world in medical knowledge.

Now answer the following questions:
1) When did Susruta live?
2) What did he do 26 centuries ago?
3) How is Susruta recognised today?
4) Who wrote ‘Susruta Samhita’?
5) What did ‘Susruta Samhita’ indicate?
Answers:
1) Susruta lived 26 centuries ago.
2) Susruta did a plastic surgery 26 centuries ago.
3) Susruta is recognised as the father of plastic surgery all over the world.
4) Susruta wrote Susruta Samhita.
5) Susruta Samhita indicates that India was far ahead of the rest of the world in medical knowledge.

4. Read the following passage.

Born in the sixth century B.C., Susruta was a descendant of the Vedic sage Viswamitra. He learnt surgery and medicine at the feet of Divodasa Dhanvantari in his hermitage at Varanasi. Later, he became an authority in not only surgery but also in other branches of medicine.

He was the first physician to advocate what is today known as the ‘caesarean’ operation. He was also an expert in removing urinary stones, locating and treating fractures and doing eye operations for cataract. His suggestion to give wine to patients about to be operated upon makes him also the father of anaesthesia.

Now answer the following questions:

1) When was Susruta born?
2) What relation did Susruta have with Viswamitra?
3) Where did Susruta learn surgery and medicine?
4) Who was the first physician to advocate ‘Caesarean operation’?
5) What was Susruta expert in?
6) Who is considered as the father of anaesthesia?
7) What makes him to consider as the father of anaesthesia?
8) Where was Dhanvantari’s hermitage?
9) Who was Dhanvantari?
10) What is ‘Caesation operation’ aimed at?
Answers:
1) Susruta was born in 6th century B.C.
2) Susruta was the descendent of Viswamitra.
3) Susruta learn surgdbry and medicine at the feet of Dhanvantari at his hermitage in Varanasi.
4) Susruta was the first physician to advocate caesarian operation.
5) Susaita was expert in removing in urinary stones, locating and treating fractures and doing eye operation, for-cataract.
6) Susruta is considered as the father of anaesthesia.
7) His suggestion to give wine to patients about to be operated upon makes him the father of anaesthesia.
8) Dhanvantari’s hermitage was in Varanasi.
9) Dhanvantari was an Indian ancient physician and he was the teacher of Susruta.
10) Caesarean operation is aimed at family planning.

5. Read the following passage.

Susrutha was born in the sixth century B.C. He belonged to the clan of Viswamitra. He learnt medicine and surgery at the feet of Divodasa Dhanvantari in his hermitage at Varanasi. Later, he became an authority in not only surgery but also in other branches of medicine.
Susrutha was the first physician to advocate what is today known as the ‘caesarean’ operation. He was also an expert in removing urinary stones, locating fractures and doing eye operations for cataract.

Now, answer the following questions.
1) Which period did Susrutha belong to?
2) What did Susrutha learn from Dhanvantari?
3) Pick out the Word which means ‘a shelter’.
4) Which operation did Susrutha recommend?
5) How did Susrutha great cataract?
Answers:
1) Susrutha belonged to sixth century B.C.
2) medicine and surgery
3) a hermitage
4) caesarean operation
5) by performing operations

Unseen Comprehension

1. Read the following passage carefully.

There seems to be a general opinion in this country that ‘Sardar Patel was slightly of a harsh and rough temperament. People call him ‘The Iron Man of India”. He was, no doubt, an iron man in the sense that one could rely on him for strict and efficient administration. But as a man, those who had the good fortune of coming into close contact with him, he was kind and considerate. At times he even became emotional, where his personal friends and followers were concerned. He knew the way of picking people and placing them in their proper places. When the native princes refused to amalgamate their kingdoms with the Indian Union, he was forced to take military action on the states like Kashmir, Nizam and Nawanagar. His mission was successful. At times he was not in good terms with Jawaharlal Nehru. Gandhiji used to intervene and cleared the differences between them.
Now answer the following questions.

1) What is the general opinion in the country about Sardar Patel?
Answer:
The general opinion in the country that Sardar Patel was of a harsh and rough temperament.

2) Why was Patel called ‘The Iron Man of India”?
Answer:
Patel was called “The Iron man of India” because everyone could rely on him for strict and efficient administration.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
3) What did Patel know? ( )
a) Putting the right man in the right job
b) Pacifying the differences with others
c) How to take military action on princely states
Answer:
a) Putting the right man in the right job

4) Why did Patel take military action on three native states? ( )
a) Because they refused to surrender their states
b) As they demanded high compensation
c) Since they supported the British rule
Answer:
a) Because they refused to surrender their states

5) What is the phrase used in the passage that means ‘be friendly with’? ( )
a) rough temperament b) picking people c) in good terms
Answer:
c) in good terms

2. Read the following passage carefully.

Swami Vivekananda, speaking in America, told a story in order to impress upon his hearers how very little as a rule, people really longed for God. He told of a young man who came to a religious teacher and said that he wanted to find God. The sage smiled and said nothing. The young man returned home. After many days he met the sage and put him the same question. The sage asked him to accompany him as he went to the river to take his morning bath; and when both were in the river, the sage took hold of the young man and plunged him under the surface of the water and held him there. The young man struggled and struggled to take off his hold. Finally the sage raised him out of the water, and said to him, “My son, what did you long for most when you were under the water ? “A breath of air”, gasped the youth. ‘Thus must the disciple long for God. If you have firm belief in God, you will find Him.”

Now answer the following questions.
1) What did the young man long for when he was under the surface of the water?
Answer:
The young man longed for a gasp of air when he was under the surface of the water.

2) When can one find God according to the sage?
Answer:
According to the sage, one can find God if he has a firm belief in Him. He longed for God as greatly as he longed for a gasp of air when he was under the surface of water.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given:
3) What was the intention of Swami Vivekananda? ( )
a) To tell the people that God exists
b) To impress on the people to follow his ideals
c) To treat him as a religious teacher
Answer:
c) To treat him as a religious teacher

4) What did the sage ask the young man to do? ( )
a) To take regular bath in the morning
b) Not to doubt the existence of God
c) To follow him to the river
Answer:
c) To follow him to the river

5) When both were in the river, what did the sage do with the young man? ( )
a) He plunged him under the surface of the water
b) He raised him out of the water
c) He made the young man realise the existence of God.
Answer:
a) He plunged him under the surface of the water

3. Read the following passage carefully.

Up the river Hudson in North America are the Catskill mountains. They are not so high as the Himalayas in India. In a certain village at the foot of these mountains there lived long ago a man called Rip Van Winkle. He was simple and good natured. A very kind neighbour and a great favourite of all the good wives in the neighbourhood. The women took his side and put the blame on Dam Van Winkle.
The children of the village too would shout with joy whenever they saw him. He made play things for them. He told them fairy tales. So they liked him.

Now answer the following questions.
1) Why did children like Rip Van Winkle?
Answer:
Rip Van Winkle used to make play things for children. He told them fairy tales. So children liked Rip Van Winkle very much.

2) What kind of man was Rip Van Winkle?
Answer:
Rip Van Winkle was simple and good natured. He was a very kind neighbour and a great favpurite of all the women and children in the village.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given:
3) Where are the Catskill mountains? ( )
a) In South America
b) In Africa
c) In North America
Answer:
c) In North America

4) Where did Rip Van Winkle live? ( )
a) On the top of Catskill mountains
b) In a village at the foot of the Catskill mountains
c) In a city in North America
Answer:
b) In a village at the foot of the Catskill mountains

5) Who liked Rip Van Winkle very much? ( )
a) All the wives in the neighbourhood
b) All the husband? in the neighbourhood
c) All the friends in the village
Answer:
a) All the wives in the neighbourhood

4. Read the following passage carefully.

In the American War of Independence, a Corporal and a party of soldiers were ordered to raise a heavy beam for a battery that was being repaired. There were too few men for the work, but the Corporal, full of his dignity did nothing but stand by and shout orders, pres-ently an officer, not in uniform rode up. “Hallo,” he said to Corporal, ’why don’t you lend your men a hand to get that beam up? “Don’t you know that I am a Corporal ? was the reply, “Are you ?” said the officer, who then got down from his horse and joined the men. He worked till the sweat streamed down his face. When the beam had been raised and put to its place, he turned to the Corporal and bade him a low bow, “Good day Mr. Corporal. Next time when you have too few men for this kind of work, send for the Commander in Chief and I shall be happy to.help you again.”
It was George Washington himself.

Now answer the following questions.
1) Why did the officer get down from the horse?
Answer:
The officer got down from his horse to help the men in their work.

2) Who was the person that helped the men and the Corporal?
Answer:
The person that helped the man and the Corporal was none other than the President of America, George Washington.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given:
3) What was to be raised? ( )
a) A battery
b) A cannon
c) A beam
Answer:
c) A beam

4) Who was the person that was having dignity? ( )
a) The Corporal
b) The Soldier
c) The President
Answer:
a) The Corporal

5) What did the Corporal have? ( )
a) Very few men
b) Many men
c) A lot of soldiers
Answer:
a) Very few men

5. Read the following passage carefully.

Thirteen hundred years ago, a great traveller from China came to India in search of wisdom and knowledge. His name was Hiuen Tsang and over the deserts and mountains of the north he came, braving many dangers, facing and overcoming man obstacles so great was his thirst for knowledge and he spent many years in India learning himself and teaching others. He stayed at the great university of Nalanda, which existed then near the city, that used to be called Pataliputra and is now known as Patna. Hiuen Tsang was given the ‘title of ‘Master of Law’ the law of the. Buddha. He journeyed all over India and saw and studied the people. Later he wrote a book of his travel known as Si-Yu-Ki.

Now answer the following questions.
1) How did Hiuen Tsang spend many years in India?
Answer:
Hiuen Tsang spent many years in India learning himself and teaching others.

2) What was the earlier name of the city, Patna?
Answer:
Pataliputra

Choose the correct answer from the choices given below.
3) What was the title given to Hiuen Tsang? ( )
a) Master of Wisdom
b) Master of Law
c) Master of Nalanda
Answer:
b) Master of Law

4) Hiuen Tsang came to India in search of ( )
a) Si-Yu-Ki.
b) deserts and mountains
c) wisdom and knowledge.
Answer:
c) wisdom and knowledge.

5) Choose the correct statement from the following. ( )
a) Hiuen Tsang spent a few years in India.
b) The book, ‘Si-Yu-Ki’ was written by Hiuen Tsang.
c) Hiuen Tsang went to China to teach at Nalanda University.
Answer:
b) The book, ‘Si-Yu-Ki’ was written by Hiuen Tsang.

Additional Questions:
1) Why did Hiuen Tsang come to India?
Answer:
Hiuen Tsang came to India in search of wisdom and knowledge.

2) How did Hiuen Tsang come to India?
Answer:
He crossed the deserts and mountains of the north. He overcame many dangers, many obstacles and came to India.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
3) What was the title given to Hiuen Tsang?
a) Master of science
b) Master of Arts
c) Master of Law
Answer:
c) Master of Law

4) What did Hiuen Tsang cross over?
a) Deserts and mountains
b) Rivers and plains
c) Valley and meadows
Answer:
a) Deserts and mountains

5) Where did he stay?
a) At Pataliputra
b) At Patna
c) At Nalanda
Answer:
c) At Nalanda

6. Read the following passage.

When you read a book, it feels great to put yourself into the world the writer has created for you. The habit of reading good content daily will act as an exercise for your mind and keep you mentally fit and flexible. Reading a book does not mean that you read a book only in English, it can be in any language in which you feel comfortable. If you have never given it a try then always remember that it’s never too late to start a good habit.
Books are of many types. Some books inspire us, some books give us a moral, some books act as a turning point in our lives. Reading books also improves our language and vocabulary. Sometimes books bring tears or laughter. The first book in the life of every person is their mother.
Books like the Gita, the Mahabharata, the Quran and the Bible inspire us and teach the best lessons of our life. Some books enlighten us with the great works, struggles and achievements of great people in the society. If you want to select a best friend in life, then it’s time to select books as your best friends because books give good company in our good or
bad times.

Now, answer the following questions.
1) Why can books be our best friends according to the passage?
Answer:
because books give good company in our good or bad times

2) Which books inspire us and teach us the best lessons?
Answer:
Books like the Gita, the Mahabharatha, the Bible and the Quran inspire us while reading.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given below.
3) The habit of reading good content in books helps us ( )
a) to stay physically healthy
b) to be away from friends
c) to be mentally fit and flexible
Answer:
c) to be mentally fit and flexible

4) Choose the first book for any person. ( )
a) The Gita
b) Our mother
c) The Bible
Answer:
b) Our mother

5) Which of the following statements is TRUE? ( )
a) We don’t need books if we have our mother’s company.
b) Books bring out different emotions in us.
c) We should read only holy books.
Answer:
b) Books bring out different emotions in us.

Unseen (Data Interpretation)

1. In the table given below the data is given about different age groups in different employment sectors.
Read the table and answer the following questions:

Now answer the following questions.
1) What does the above table show?
2) In which sector are very small member of people working?
3) In which sector are maximum number of people working?
4) In which sector are maximum number of young people working?
5) In which sector are maximum number of old people working?
Answers:
1) The above table shows people of different age groups working under different employment sectors.
2) In education sector very small number of people are working.
3) In manufacturing sector maximum number of people are working.
4) In retail sector maximum number of young people are working.
5) In manufacturing sector maximum number of old people are working.

2. Study the pie-charts and answer the questions given below them.

Now answer the following questions.
1. Which of the following constitute most of the weight in the human body? ( )
a) water
b) proteins
c) dry elements
d) bones
Answer:
a) water

2. Which of the following statements is correct? ( )
a) Proteins constitute 11 per cent of the human body.
b) Dry elements constitute 15 pet cent of the human body.
c) Hormones, enzymes and other proteins constitute 2/5 of the human body.
Answer:
c) Hormones, enzymes and other proteins constitute 2/5 of the human body.

3. If a person’s weight is 100 kilograms, how much do his bones weigh?
Answer:
20 kgs

4. If the proteins in a person weight 12 kilograms, what will be his weight?
Answer:
50 kgs

5. Are the bones in our body heavier than the water in our body? Support your answer.
Answer:
The weight of bones in our body (in %) = \(\frac{1}{5}\) × 100 = 20 %
∴ Hence the bones in our body are not heavier than water in our body.

3. Study the table given below and observe the changing patterns of unemployment in some advanced countries. Answer the questions that follow.

Now answer the following questions.
1. How many countries are compared in the given table?
2. What period does the table represent?
3. Which country has the least unemployment rate in 2005?
4. Which country has a decrease of nearly 6% in unemployment rate between 2000 and 2006?
5. In the case of every country we can notice that (Choose the correct answer.)
a) The unemployment rate is steadily increasing.
b) The unemployment rate is steadily decreasing.
c) The unemployment rate is fluctuating i.e., sometimes it rises and sometimes it falls.
6. Which year recorded the highest unemployment rate for many countries?
7. Which country recorded the least fluctuations in the unemployment rate?
Answers:
1) Eight countries are compared in the given table.
2) The table represents the period 2000 – 2006.
3) Japan has the least unemployment rate in 2005.
4) Spain has a decrease of nearly 6% in unemployment rate between 2000 and 2006.
5) c) The unemployment rate is fluctuating i.e., sometimes it rises and sometimes it falls.
6) 2003
7) Germany

4. Read the following tree diagram showing the constituents of blood.

Now answer the following questions.
1) What are red cells called?
2) How many main constituents are there in blood? What are they?
3) How many categories are there in granulocytes?
4) Under which category do monocytes come?
5) Are neutrophils granulocytes or agranulocytes?
Answers:
1) Red cells are called Erythrocytes.
2) There are three main constituents are there in blood.
They are 1) erythrocytes 2) thrombocytes 3) leucocytes.
3) There are three sub categories in granulocytes.
4) Monocytes come under agranulocytes.
5) Neutrophytes are granulocytes.

5. Read the following pie-chart which shows the spendings of a country on various sports.

Now answer the following questions.
1) On which sports maximum amount is spent?
2) How much percent more is spent oh hockey than on golf?
3) How much percent less is spent on football than that on cricket?
4) The sum of total spendings on tennis and golf is equal to the total spending on which game?
5) The difference of spendings on cricket and basketball is equal to the spending on which game?
Answers :
1) On cricket
2) 27% (63% – 36%)
3) 27% (81% – 54%)
4) Cricket (45 + 36 = 81%)
5) other games (81 – 50)

6. Read the following tree diagram carefully.

Now, answer the following questions.
1) What does the above diagram show?
2) What are the three main categories of musical instruments?
Choose the correct answer from the choices given below.
3) Which of the following is a stringed instrument? [ ]
a) Harp
b) Horn
c) Tabla
4) What type of musical instrument is Xylophone? [ ]
a) Percussion instrument
b) Wind instrument
c) Stringed instrument
5) Which of the following statements TRUE based on the information given. [ ]
a) All string instruments are a type of percussion instruments.
b) Wood block is a wind instrument.
c) Guitar and Violin are stringed instruments.
Answers :
1) The above diagram shows a tree-diagram of musical instruments.
2) Three catagories.
(1) Wind instruments,
(2) Percussion instruments,
(3) Stringed instruments.
3) a) Harp
4) a) Percussion instrument
5) c) Guitar and Violin are stringed instruments.

7. Study the family tree of Bala Krishna.

Now, answer the following questions.
1) Who are the grandparents of Praveen?
2) How many granddaughters does Bala Krishna have?
Choose the correct answer from the choices given below.
3) Medha is the daughter of   [ ]
a) Rohit b) Veena c) Bhavya
4) Praveen and Raasi are   [ ]
a) brothers b) cousins c) friends
5) Which of the following statements is TRUE based on the information given?
a) Rohit has two daughters.
b) Ananya and Raasi are cousins.   [ ]
c) Rohit’s wife is Bhavya.
Answers:
1) Balakrishna and Ragini
2) Five granddaughters
3) b) Veena
4) b) cousins
5) a) Rohit has two daughters.

Section – B: Creative Writing

1. In the lesson ‘C.V. Raman, the Pride of India’, you have read about the greatness of C.V. Raman. Now, imagine that you are the secretary of the Science Club of your school and prepare a script for a speech to deliver on the National Science Day.
Use the following hints to write a script for the speech.
C.V. Raman – bom on November 7, 1888 – at Tiruchirapalli in Tamil Nadu – interested in science – spent much time in his laboratory – became a great scientist – bright student from the beginning – discovered the Raman Effect – the world hailed – caught the attention of the world – won the Nobel Prize in 1930 in Physics – research in optics – elected to the Royal Society of London – studied wholly in India – passed away on November 21 in 1970 – National Science Day on 28 February is celebrated on the day on which he discovered the ‘Raman Effect’.
Answer:
Honourable Judges, Teachers, Guests and all my dear friends. I have been given the privilege of speaking on C.V. Raman on this National Science Day. You know National Science Day is celebrated every year on 28th February in order to remember the great invention of ‘Raman Effect’ by C.V. Raman on the same day in the year 1928.
It is very much proper to know about Sri. C.V. Raman on this occasion. C.V. Raman was born on 7, November 1888 at Tiruchirapalli in Tamil Nadu. He became a great scientist who became the pride of India. He was a brilliant student from the beginning. He was interested in science. He wrote many research papers for science journals. He became the member of the Indian Association for cultivation of Science at the age of 19. He was elected to the Royal Society of London in 1924. He started his own laboratory with no sophisticated equipment. He spent much time in his laboratory. C.V. Raman had been doing research in optics, the Science of Light. On 16, March, 1928 Raman announced his discovery of ‘new radiation’ to an assembly of scientists at Bangalore. The world hailed this discovery as “Raman Effect”. With this he made all Indians proud. With equipment worth hardly Rs. 200 and limited facilities, Raman was able to make discovery. For his Raman Effect he was given a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930. He was made a knight of the British Empire in 1929.
C.V. Raman was the first – Indian scholar who studied wholly in India and received Nobel Prize. He was the first Asian and first non-white to win such a great award in science. He passed away on 21, November 1970. But his memories are with us. So it is appropriate to celebrate 28th February of every year as National Science Day to commemorate C.V. Raman’s remarkable achievement in Science.
Thank you one and all for giving me this wonderful opportunity.

2. Write a biographical sketch on the life of Sri C.V. Raman.
Answer:
C.V. Raman was bom on November 7, 1888 at Tiruchirapalli in Tamilnadu. He was a brilliant student right from the start. When he passed his matriculation, his parents are keen on sending him to abroad for higher studies. But the doctors advised not to send him abroad for , higher studies On medical grounds. So Raman completed his M.A. course at Presidency Col-lege In Madras. He was very much interested in science. He used to write research papers in science journals. At the age of 19, he became a member of the Indian Association for Cultivation of Science. He took up an administrative job in Finance Ministry in Calcutta. Though he joined in an administrative job his interest in science did not flag. He used to spend hours after office in the lab of the Association, Raman was mainly interested in acoustics, the science of sound. Later he built his own laboratory. He was elected to the Royal Society of London in 1924. For five years he had done research in optics, the science of light. No sophisticated equipment was available in his laboratory. Finally on 28 February, 1928 Raman announced his discovery, which is known as ‘Raman Effect’. With equipment worth hardly Rs. 200/- and limited facilities, Raman was able to make a discovery. The whole world hailed his discovery. For his Raman Effect he got Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930.
C.V. was the first Indian scientist who studied wholly in India and received the Nobel Prize. He was the first Asian and the first non-white to win such a great, award, in Science. C.V. Raman passed away on 21, November 1970 February 28 the day on which he discovered the ‘Raman Effect’ is celebrated as ‘National Science Day’ to commemorate his remarkable achievement in Science.

3. Write a paragraph on J.C. Bose using the hints given below. You must use the right linkers to join the sentences.
Answer:
Jagadish Chandra Bose (J.C. Bose) was a famous- Indian Scientist. He was born on 30th September, 1858.
J.C. Bose studied at St. Xavier’s School in Calcutta. Later he went abroad for higher stud¬ies. He returned to India in 1885. He published a Monograph which was about the response in the living and the non-living. He became famous by being a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1920.
J.C. Bose invented wireless telegraphy in 1895. He proved that plants have life.
J.C, Bose invented Crescograph, an instrument with which the growth in plants can be known.
J.C. Bose founded the Bose Institute in Calcutta. He devoted most of his life to the study of plants J.C. Bose passed away on 23rd November, 1937.

4. On the occasion of Science Day you have to deliver a speech about our ancient Indian scientist and doctor, surgeon Susruta. Prepare a script for the speech using the following hints.
Susruta – born in 6th century B.C. – father of plastic surgery – great surgeon – first person – Rhinoplasty, plastic surgery to nose – given about 101 types of instruments – book – Susruta Samhitha – still in use – excellent teacher – pupils – good physician – both theory and practice.
Answer:
Honourable teachers, guests and all my dear friends. I have been given the privilege of speaking on Susruta, the ancient Indian scientist, doctor and the first plastic surgeon, on this National Science Day. You know National Science day is celebrated every year on 28th February in order to remember the great invention of Raman Effect by C.V. Raman on the same day in the year 1928.
On this day, it is very much proper to know about another great ancient scientist and doctor Susrutha. Susrutha was born in 6th century B.C. He learnt surgery and medicine from Dhanvantri in Varanasi. He became a great surgeon and physician. He was considered as father of plastic surgery. He was the first doctor to conduct Rhinoplasty, plastic surgery to nose. He designed 101 types of surgical instruments useful to perform for various surgeries. His treatise “Susruta Samhita” is a great reference book even today. He was an excellent teacher too.
He advocated the importance of practical. He advised his pupils to use carcasses and models for practice.
Thank you for giving me this opportunity on this auspicious day.

(A)

1. The Marriage of your elder sister is going to be held on 25th July 20xx at Vasavi Kalyana Mandapam, in Nellore. The bridegroom is an engineer. He is not taking any dowry. Write a letter to your friend inviting him to the marriage.
Answer:

Nellore.
10. 7. 20xx.

Dear Ravi,
I hope that you are in good health and you are going along nicely in your studies. Here I’m very glad to inform you that my elder sister’s marriage is going to be take place on 25th July 20x x at Vasavi Kalyana Mandapam, Nellore. The bridegroom is an engineer. He is working in B.D.L. Hyderabad. Their is a nice family. They seem to be friendly and dignified people. One thing I want to mention here that they are I not taking any dowry and they did demand any greedy gifts. I shall be very glad to see at you and your family at the function. Please inform your parents about the same and tell them that my parents will be pleased if they attend the function. My father wants to call your father and mother and invite them on phone. I have already posted the invitation on your father’s name. I shall be very glad if you come two days before and help me in preparations.
Convey my regards to your parents and my best wishes to your,little brother. Hoping that you will come, I remain.

Yours lovingly,
xxxxxx

Address on the Envelope:
R Ravi Kumar,
S/o Surya Narayana,
H.No: 1 – 20 – 22/A,
Malladivari street,
Gandhinagar,
Vijayawada.

2. You are Ravi. You’ve received a letter from your friend Rahul. Inviting you and your family to his elder sister’s marriage. But on the same day you and your family are attending your neice’s marriage at Hyderabad. Hence write a letter to your friend apologising him for not attending his sister’s marriage.
Answer:

Vijayawada.
12. 7. 20xx.

Dear Rahul,
It was great to hear from you and I’m really glad that things are working out for you there in your school.
I’m very glad to know about your sisters marriage. My parents are also very happy to know this. We are very much happy when we know about the gentlemanship of your would be brother-in-law. What a nice people they are! Who will marry a girl without taking a dowry these days ? We are very much pleased to know this.
Here I want to apologize you. We are unable to attend your sister’s marriage. We’re extremely sorry for not attending your sister’s marriage because the same day. We have to attend our cousins marriage at Hyderabad. Since the bride has no father, my parents are performing the rituals of the marriage . So we cannot avoid it My father asked me to convey his apologies to your father. He will write a letter to your father personally.
My parents asked me to convey their blessings and best wishes to your sister. We’ll visit your home at a convenient day very soon after the marriage.
Hoping that you’ll excuse us, I remain.

Yours lovingly,
xxxxxx

Address on the Envelope:
To
R. Rahul,
S/o R. Srinivasa Rao,
H.No: 8 – 3 – 1/A.
Chaturvedula vari street,
Trunk Road,
Nellore.

3. Write a letter to your friend asking him/her to visit your village during Dasara vacation. Describe what activities he/she can participate in during the festival along with you.
Answer:
H.No.: 242/7B,
Komaravallipadu.
20. 03. 20xx.

Dear Shashank,
I am safe here and I hope the same with you. I am studying well and I hope the same with you.
Now, I would like to invite you to come to my village in Dasara vacation and spend at least a week in my village. Ours is a family of six members – grandparents, my parents, me and my younger sister. My grandparents are very friendly and looking after our fields and cattle. My father is a high school teacher. My mother is a house-wife. She takes care of us very much. My sister studies in class V in our village.
Ours is a very beautiful village. There are a lot of places worth watching in our village. Beautiful green fields, ancient Lord Shiva’s temple and running streams and some others are worth watching. My mother will prepare delicious dishes for us.
We are looking forward to seeing you, Convey my regards to your parents and my best wishes to your little sister.
Awaiting your arrival ………….

Yours lovingly,
xxxxxx

Address on the Envelope:
To
C. Shashank,
S/o C. Ravi Prakash,
D. No. 18 – 208,
Nagaram Town
Keesara Mandal,
Hyderabad.
PIN: 500001.

4. Recently you paid a visit to your relatives place. You spent your holidays there. You visited a temple. You met new friends. You also attended some family functions.
Now, write a letter to your friend describing your visit to your relatives place. Also, invite your friend to visit your place.
Answer:

Tenali.
13-3-xx.

Dear friend,
We are all safe here and I hope the same with you all there. I am doing very well here. I hope you are also doing well there. In this I would like to write to you about how I enjoyed myself in my relative’s place.
During the recent holidays I paid a visit to my relative’s house. I spent all my holidays there. There I visited Sri Janardhana Swamy Temple which is said to be built by Sri Krishnadevaraya. It was famous for its architecture. The idols of Sridevi, Bhudevi and Sri Janardhana Swamy are beautiful and full of life. I have made some new friends there. They are very much amiable and sociable. I also attended some family functions there. All my stay there was quite entertaining, hectic and full of energy and enthusiasm.
Convey my regards to your parents. Why don’t you visit our place during the Sankranthi holidays? I am looking forward to seeing you here. I will assure you I will make your stay here full of fun and entertainment.

Yours lovingly,
xxxx

Addres on the Envelope:
To
xxxxx
S/o K. Krishna Reddy,
Near Ramalayam,
Main Road,
Kollipara.

(B) Write a story using the following hints.
1. A crow – find a peice of meat – take the piece of meat fly – about to eat – a cunning fox – sees piece of meat – wants to take it – Fox says – crow has a sweat voice – to sing a song – vexed with his repeated requests – put the piece of meat – under his leg says – that he has already read the story – get away from there.
Answer:
One day a crow found a piece of meat somewhere. The crow took the piece of the meat in its beak and flew off to a tree nearby. As it was about to eat the meat, a cunning fox came there. The fox saw the piece of the meat. Somehow he wanted to take it away from the crow. Then the fox said that the crow had a sweet voice. He asked the crow to sing a song for him. He repeatedly requested the crow for a song. Having been vexed with his repeated requests the crow put the piece of the meat under his claw and asked the fox to get away from there. He told the fox that he had already read the story of stupid crow and cunning fox.

2. An old tiger – weak – unable to catch its prey – thinks of a plan – wants to draw his pray closer – showing a golden bangle – bait – a poor man – comes – the other side of the river – about to drink water – hears someone calls – sees the tiger – afraid – tries to run away – tiger’s call – great scholar – changed – sorry for sing – now a pious – accept the golden ring – poor man – sees the golden bangle – becomes greedy – greediness overcomes – fear – goes close to tiger – to accept the ring – tiger spring up – kill – eat.
Answer:
Once there was on old tiger. He was week. He was unable to catch his prey. So he thought of a plan. He wanted to draw his prey closer to him by showing the golden bangle as a bait.
One day a poor man came that way. He was on the other side of the river. When he was about to drink water, he heard someone calling him. He looked up and saw the tiger on the other side of the river. At first the poor man was afraid. He tried to ran away from there. At the same time he heard the tiger’s call again “Oh! great scholar, I don’t harm you. I am now a changed one. I am sorry for my sins. I am now a pious man ! please accept golden ring and help me to recede my sins.”
When the poor man saw the golden bangle, he became greedy. His greediness overcame his fear. He believed the tiger’s words. So he went close to the tiger to accept the golden ring. At once the tiger sprang upon him, killed him and ate him.
This story tells us “Greediness brings us misery”.

3. Two cats – quarrel – a cake – claim – the cake belongs to him – keeps on quarrel – not know – go to a monkey – known for his wisdom – to share the cake – cuts the cake – two equal parts – make them equal – eats a small piece – piece becomes smaller – monkey – eats the second piece – becomes smaller – repeats the same trick – eats up – goes away – disappointed.
Answer:
One day two cats were quarrelling over a cake. They both claimed that the cake belonged to him. They kept on quarrelling for a long time. But they did not know what to do. Then they went to a monkey. The monkey was noted for his wisdom. They asked him to share the cake between themselves. The monkey intentionally cut the cake into two unequal parts. To make them equal the monkey ate a small piece of the bigger piece. Now that piece became smaller. Then the monkey ate the second piece. Then it became smaller. Thus the monkey repeated the same trick several times and ate up all the cake. Then the two cats went away disappointedly.

4. Write a news report to a daily about how the inefficient garbage system in your city is affecting the people and the role of community and government in the disposal of garbage in a safe way.
Answer:
Need of efficient garbage system – Role of community and government in bringing UP cleanliness

Guntur,
24 – 10 – 20xx.

Guntur city is facing a severe problem of inefficient garbage system. A huge quantity of domestic wastes including kitchen wastes, vegetable peels, paper wastes and hazardous hospital wastes are produced daily. Due to the lack of proper disposal system, many health problems are prevailing in the city. There is an urgent need to establish an eco-friendly waste disposal system.
People have to play a key role in reducing the quantity of domestic wastes by practising 3 R’s principle (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). Government has to take necessary steps to solve this problem by implementing the best solid waste management methods like incineration and sanitary landfills. Otherwise people will suffer from different ailments.

Vocabulary

Read the following paragraph and write the synonyms of the underlined words choosing the words from the words given in the box.

1. house; lived; prize; died; completely; intellectual
C.V. Raman has the first Indian scholar (a) who studied wholly (b) in India and received the Nobel Prize. He was the first Asian and the first non-white to win such a great award (c) in science. He passed away (d) in 1970 on November 21. But his memories ace with us.
Answer:
a) intellectual
b) completely
c) prize
d) died

2. thrill; friendship; organization; tools; development; farming
On the busy Bow bazaar street in Calcutta there was an old building. It was head quarters of the Indian Association (a) for cultivation (b) of science, In December on a fine evening in 1927, there was much excitement (c) in one of its laboratories. Chandrasekhar Venkata Raman was showing a visitor some of his instruments (d) in his laboratory.
Answer:
a) organisation
b) development
c) thrill
d) tools

3. laughing; overjoyed; consequence; good; magnificent; sad
Raman was equally delighted (a). “Excellent (b) news,” he said, smiling (c) at the visitor and then he was lost in thought. “But…. look here, Krishnan,” he said turning to the young man, “if this Compton Effect (d) is true of X-rays, it must be true of light too.”
Answer:
a) overjoyed
b) good
c) laughing
d) consequence

4. instruments; changes; quality; advanced; infrastructure; creation
Could light also change its nature (a) when passed through a transparent medium? That was the question that Raman asked himself. For five years he had been doing research in optics, the science of light. No sophisticated (b) equipment (c) was available in his laboratory, but Raman was confident that he could find the answer with some modifications (d) in his equipment.
Answer:
a) quality
b) advanced
c) instruments
d) changes

5. interested; causes; fields; clever; foreign countries; dull
C.V. Raman was a brilliant (a) student right from the start. When Raman passed his matriculation, his parents were keen (b) to send him abroad (c) for higher studies. But on medical grounds, (d) a British surgeon advised them against it.
Answer:
a) clever
b) interested
c) foreign countries
d) causes

6. desires; decline; impact; journey; magazine; imagination
Science had already made an impression (a) on him and he began to write research papers for science journals (b). When he was only 19, he became a member of the Indian Association for Cultivation of Science. Meanwhile, respecting his parents’ wishes (c) he took up an administrative job in the Finance Ministry in Calcutta. His interest in science, however, did not flag (d).
Answer:
a) impact
b) magazine
c) desires
d) decline

7. invention, nation, praised
The world hailed (a) the discovery as the ‘Raman Effect’. For scientific research in this country (b), it was a red-letter day.
Answer:
a) praised
b) nation

8. kingly, selected, divine
He was elected (a) to the Royal (b) Society of London in 1924 and the British Govt, made him knight of the British Empire.
Answer:
a) selected
b) kingly

9. The following sentences are from your lesson. Read them carefully and tick ( ✓ ) the correct meaning of the underlined word in each sentence.
1. His parents were keen to send him abroad for higher studies.
(a) particular (b) eager (c) worried
Answer:
(b) eager

2. The world hailed the discovery as the ‘Raman Effect’.
(a) admired (b) called (c) thought
Answer:
(a) admired

3. In his youth Raman was mainly interested in acoustics.
(a) primarily (b) simply (c) certainly
Answer:
(a) primarily

4. The British made Raman a knight of the British Empire.
(a) appointed (b) managed (c) placed
Answer:
(a) appointed

5. Raman passed awav on November 21, 1970.
(a) was killed (b) died (c) left
Answer:
(b) died

9. Read the following paragraph and write the antonyms of the underlined words.

1. On the busy (a) Bowbazaar Street in Calcutta there was an old (b) building. It was the head-quarters of the Indian Association for Cultivation of Science. In December, on a fine evening (c) in 1927. there was much excitement (d) in one of its laboratories.
Answer:
a) quiet
b) new
c) morning
d) boredom

2. Raman was equally (a) delighted (b) “Excellent (c) news” he said, smiling at the visitor and then he was lost (d) in thought.
Answer:
a) unequally
b) disappointed
c) unworthy
d) regained

3. Could light also change its nature when passed through a transparent (a) medium? That was the question (b) Raman asked himself. For five years he had been doing research in optics, the science of light. No sophisticated equipment was available (c) in his laboratory, but Raman was confident (d) that he could find the answer with some modifications in his equipment.
Answer:
a) opaque
b) answer
c) unavailable
d) diffident

4. C.V. Raman was a brilliant (a) student right from the start (b). When Raman passed (c) his matriculation, his parents were keen to send him abroad for higher (d) studies.
Answer:
a) dull
b) ending
c) failed
d) lower

5. C.V.Raman was the first (a) Indian scholar (b) who studied wholly (c) in India and received the Nobel Prize. He was the first Indian and the first non-white to win (d) such a great award in science.
Answer:
a) last
b) layman
c) partially
d) defeat/lose

6. Susruta led (a) the stranger (b) to a neat and clean (c) room, with surgical instruments on its walls. He washed his face with water and the juice of medicinal plant. He then offered him a mug of wine and began (d) preparing for the operation.
Answer:
a) followed
b) acquaintance
c) dirty
d) ended

10. Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given in brackets.

1. It was the headquarters of the Indian ——– (a) (Associate/Association) for ——– (b) (Cultivation/Cultivate) of Science. In December, on a fine evening in 1927, there was much ——– (c) (excitement/excite) in one of its laboratories. Then K.S.Krishnan, rushed in and ——– (d) (announce/announced), “Professor Compton has won the Nobel Prize.”
Answer:
a) association
b) cultivation
c) excitement
d) announced

2. Raman was ——– (a) (equal/equally) delighted. “Excellent news,” he said, ——– (b) (smiling/smile) at the visitor and then he was ——– (c) (lose/lost) in thought. “But …. look here, Krishnan,” he said: ——– (d) (turn/turning) to the young man, “if this Comptpn Effect is true of X-rays, it must be true of light too.”
Answer:
a) equally
b) smillng
c) Lost
d) turning

3. No ——– (a) (sophisticated/sophisticate) equipment was ——– (b) (avail/available) in his laboratory, but Raman was ——– (c) (confidence/confident) that he could find the answer with some ——– (d) (modifications/modifies) in his equipment.
Answer:
a) sophisticated
b) available

4. a) He was shocked to see a snake in his room but he recovered from his ——– (shock/ shocking) in no time.
b) He pretended to look relieved but, in fact, he did not have any ——– (relieve/relief).
c) I can understand your (excitement/excite). But do not be so excited that you have health problems.
d) Raju, an auto driver, was very honest. His ——– (honest/honesty) was known to everybody when he returned the bag of jewellery a passenger had left in his auto.
Answer:
a) shock
b) relief
c) confident
d) modifcations

5. Raman was mainly ——– (a) (interested / interesting) in acoustics, the science of sound. He studied how stringed instruments like the violin and the sitar could ——– (produce/production) harmonious music.
Answer:
a) interested
b) produce
c) excitement
d) honesty

a) Complete the following words using ai, ea, ee, ia, ie, iu, oa, oo, ou, ua, ue, ui.

1. On the busy Bowbazaar (a) Str _ _ t in Calcutta there was an old (b) b _ _ lding.
2. A (a) y _ _ ng man named K.S. Krishnan.(b) ann _ _ nced, “Professor Compton, has won the Nobel Prize.”
3. “If this Compton Effect is (a) tr _ _ of X-rays, it must be true of light (b) t _ _ .”
4. Could light also change its nature when passed (a) thr _ _ gh a transparent (b) med _ _ m?
5. No sophisticated (a) eq _ _ pment was (b) av _ _ lable in his laboratory.
6. (a) F _ _ r months later, on March 16, 1928, Raman announced his discovery of ‘new (b) rad _ _ tion’.
7. For (a) sc _ _ ntific (b) res _ _ rch in this country, it was a red-letter day.
8. His parents were keen to send him (a) abr _ _ d for higher (b) stud _ _ s.
9. In his (a) y _ _ th, Raman was mainly interested in (b) ac _ _ sties.
10. He studied how stringed instruments like the violin (a) c _ _ ld produce” (b) harmoni _ _ s music.
Answer:
1. a) Street b) building
2. a) young b)announced
3. a) true b) too
4. a) through b) medium
5. a) equipment b) available
6. a) Four b) radiation
7. a) scientific b) research
8. a) abroad b) studies
9. a) youth b) acoustics
10. a) could b) harmonious

b) Complete the words with the correct suffixes given in brackets.

1. In December, on a fine evening in 1927, there was much (a) excite ——– (mant/ment) in one of its (b) laborato ——– (ries/rys).
2. Raman was (a) equa ——– (ly/lly) delighted, (b) “Excel ——– (ent/lent) news,” he said.
3. No sophisticated equipment was (a) avail ——– (able/ible) in his labora ——– (tary/tory).
4. Raman was (a) confi ——– (dant/dent) that he could find the answer with some (b) modifica ——– (tions/ssions) in his equipment.
5. His (a) disco ——– (very/vary) caught the (b) atten ——– (sion/tion) of the world.
6. With equipment worth hardly Rs. 200/- and (a) limi ——– (tted/ted) (b) facili ——– (ties/tys), Raman was able to make a discovery.
7. February 28, the day on which he discovered the ‘Raman Effect’, is celebrated as National
Science Day to commemorate his achieve ——– (mant/ ment) in science: His achievement was remark ——– (able/ible).
8. Raman was the first Indian scholar who Studied who ——– (ly / lly) in India.
9. a) Raman was equally delighted. “Exce ——– (llent/lent) news,” he said.
b) Raman announced the discovery of ‘new radia ——– ‘ (sion/tion).
10. a) transpa ——– (rant/rent) b) equip ——– (mant/ment).
Answer:
1. a) excitement b) laboratories
2. a) equally b) Excellent
3. a) available b) laboratory
4. a) confident b) modifications
5. a) discovery b) attention
6. a) limited b) facilities
7. achievement, remarkable
8. wholly
9. a) Excellent b) radiation
10. a) transparent b) equipment

c) Find the wrongly spelt words and write the correct spelling.

i) building; head quarter; associasion; science
ii) excitement; laboratary; instrument; visitor
iii) announce; professer; delight; excellent
iv) nature; resarch; effect; through
v) mediam; question; optics; answer
vi) transperant; sophisticated; equipment; available
vii) confident; dependent; brillient; government
viii) discovery; honesty; monky; wholly
ix) behaviur; radiation; facilities; matriculation
x) luggage; marriage; carriage; collage
xi) impression; journal; surgen; throughout
xii) accousists; violin; produce; harmonious
xiii) advice; scintist; confine; essence
xiv) scholer; driver; teacher; preacher
xv) recieve; relieve; believe; achieve
xvi) science; equipment; sociaty; instrument
Answer:
i) association
ii) laboratory
iii) professor
iv) research
v) medium
vi) transparent
vii) brilliant
viii) monkey
ix) behaviour
x) college
xi) surgeon
xii) acoustics
xiii) scientist
xiv) scholar
xv) receive
xvi) society

12. Put the following words under correct headings.

A.

Answer:

B.

Answer:

C.


Answer:

D.

Answer:

13. A) Write the meaningful sentences using the words given below.
i) much:
ii) excellent:
iii) equally:
iv) too:
v) earlier:
vi) through:
vii) some:
viii) hardly :
ix) keen :
x) against:
Answer:
xiii) throughout:
xiv) wholly:
xv) used to:
Answer:
i) I don’t have much money with me.
ii) Her speech was absolutely excellent.
iii) Diet and exercise are equally important.
iv) Can I come too?
v) He learnt to play the violin at an early age.
vi) The thief got in through the window.
vii) Do you want to have some more tea?
viii) There’s hardly anytime left.
ix) John was very keen to help.
x) We are fighting against terrorism.
xi) I’ve already eaten my lunch.
xii) The doctor will see you again next week, meanwhile use these medicines regularly.
xiii) The ceremony lasted two hours anti we had to stand throughout the ceremony.
xiv) The government is not wholly to be blamed for the raising of prices.
xv) I used to live in Guntur when I was a boy.

B) Write the other forms of the following adjectives.
i) busy:
ii) excellent:
iii) young:
iv) confident:
v) brilliant:
vi) high:
vii) great:
viii) neat:
ix) clean:
x) large:
Answer:

C) Write the full forms of the following abbreviations.

Abbreviation    Full form
1) C.D.               ……………..
2) DVD.             ……………..
3) A.D.               ……………..
4) p.m.              ……………..
5) B.A.               ……………..
6) C.M               ……………..
7) B.C.               ……………..
Answer:
1. Compact Disk
2. Digital Video Disk
3. Anno Domini
4. Post meridian
5. Bachelor of Arts
6. Chief Minister
7. Before Christ

D) Write the full forms of the words in the blanks given against each of them.
(One is done for you as an example)
Short form of the word     Full form of the word
plane                                       aeroplane
kilo                                             ………….
para                                            ………….
specs                                          ………….
photo                                         ………….
Answer:
kilogram, paragraph, spectacles, photograph

Grammar

14. Edit the following passage correcting the underlined parts.

1. Dolphins are very interesting animals. They, looks (a) like fish’but they are not fish. Fish has (b) cold blood but dolphins have warm blood. Fish can live under water and (c) dolphins cannot. They can stay in (d) water for a long time.
2. An (a) Olympic Games are the great (b) celebrations of sport in the world. They are held once . in four years. The Olympic Games began at (c) Olympia in 776 B.C. They took place from time to time till (d) 393 A.D.
3. Dhyanchand is (a) a very well – known hockey player. He was born at (b) 29 August 1905 in Allahabad. He studied in the (c) local secondary high school. In 1922, he joined a (d) British army as a sepoy.
4. Vikram Sarabhai was responsible to (a) the setting up of the Rocket Launching station or (b) space science and technology centre in (c) Thumba in Kerala. A (d) Rocket and Launching Ranger at Srihari Kota in Andhra Pradesh was set up by Dr. Sarabhai only.
5. Kites are man’s older (a) play things. Before kites man is using (b) dolls as play things. Man first used kites at (c) war. He used them to lift battle supplies. He used kites to carrying (d) other things also.
6. One day, a group of frog (a) decided to make a race and get to the top of an (b) high tower. A lot of people came to see them and give him (c) their support, but the race had just begin (d) and everybody was already saying that the frogs would not get there: It doesn’t made (e) any sense. You’ll never reach the top of the tower!
Answer:
1. a) look
b)have
c) but
d) under
2. a) The
b) greatest
c) in
d) until
3. a) was
b) on
c) a
d) the
4. a) for
b) and
c) at
d) The
5. a) oldest
b) was using
c) in
d) carry
6. a) frogs
b) a
c) them
d) begun
e) make

15. Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the correct options given against the number of blanks.

1. Have you ever ——– (1) people putting ——– (2) thumb impression on important documents? This is done mainly ——– (3) illiterate people ——– (4) they cannot put their signatures.
1) A) see B) sees C) seen D) seeing
2) A) its B) his C) their D) her
3) A) with B) from C) by D) of
4) A) so B) because C) as D) since

2. The finger prints ——– (1) the police to ——– (2) the thieves and criminals. ——– (3) keep a record of the finger prints of thieves and criminals ——– (4) to them.
1) A) helps B) help C) helped D) helping
2) A) identify B) identifying C) identified D) identifies
3) A) He B) She C) They D) It
4) A) knows B) know C) known D) knowing

3. A cell phone is ——– (1) extremely sophisticated radio. ——– (2) cell phones ——– (3) can talk to anyone ——– (4) the planet from just about anywhere.
1) A) a B) an C) the D) any
2) A) by B) with C) from D) n
3) A) she B) he C) they D) you
4) A) on B) in C) over D) above

4. Abdul is ——– (1) friend. One evening he ——– (2) home from school. He saw a boy ——– (3) in a tank suddenly he jumped ——– (4) the tank and saved the boy.
1) A) I B) my C) me D) mine
2) A) is returning B) returns C) was returning D) returned
3) A) drowns B) drowning C) drowned D) drown
4) A) in B) on C) into D) over

5. ——– (1) zoo is a place ——– (2) many kinds of birds ——– (3) animals are bred and protected. A visit to zoo is not only pleasure giving ——– (4) educative and informative.
I) A) The B) A C) An D) Any
2) A) there B) here C) where D) at
3) A) but B) or C) and D) yet
4) A) as well as B) and C) but also D) in addition to

6. Atmosphere makes ——– (1) earth a planet of life. It ——– (2) us with the air to breathe, protects ——– (3) from dangerous solar rays ——– (4) saves us from extremes of heat and cold.
1. A) a B) an C) the D) that
2. A) supply B) supplies C) supplied D) supplyinq
3. A) we B) us C) our D) ours
4. A) but B) yet C) or D) and

7. Yudhisthira was the name of ——– (1) poor potter who ——– (2) in a certain kingdom. One night, ——– (3) he was returning after drinking ——– (4) than he should, he stumbled and fell over some pots. When he got up, he saw blood was oozing out of his forehead. There was a deep cut due to a broken piece of pot.
1. A) a B) an C) the D) any
2. A) live B) lived C) living D) lives
3. A) which B) where C) who D) when
4. A) much B) more C) many D) lot
Answer:
1. 1 – C; 2 – C; 3 – C; 4 – B
2. 1 – B; 2 – A; 3 – C; 4 – C
3. 1 – B; 2 – B; 3 – D; 4 – A
4. 1 – B; 2 – C; 3 – B; 4 – C
5. 1 – B; 2 – C; 3 – C; 4 – C
6. 1 – C; 2 – B; 3 – B; 4 – D
7. 1 – A; 2 – B; 3 – D; 4 – B

16. A) Write the other forms of the following verbs.
Present tense Past tense Past Participle
1) show          ………………..  ………………..
2) announce
3) win
4) delight
5) lose
6) say
7) pass
8) hail
9) catch
10) make
11) bear
12) advise
13) begin
14) become
15) think
Answer:

B) Read the following sentences and say what they mean. Choose the right answer from the choices given.

1. Shall I help you in carrying your luggage? ( )
(a) making a request
(b) asking for permission
(c) offering help
2. Could you please lend me your note book? ( )
(a) making a request
(b) asking for permission
(c) making an enquiry
3. Would you mind my leaving the class early? ( )
(a) asking for permission
(b) making a request
(c) giving permission
4. You had better join English tution. ( )
(a) Giving permission
(b) Making a request
(c) Giving a suggestion
5. I am afraid I can’t attend the party. ( )
(a) Expressing fear
(b) Expressing apology
(c) Refusing a request
6. Will you join us for a party? ( )
(a) questioning
(b) advising
(c) inviting
7. Could you please shut the door? ( )
(a) Making a request
(b) asking for permission
(c) Giving an order
8. Shoot the enemy ….. ( )
(a) Giving an order
(b) request
(c) advice
9. Work hard ( )
(a) Advice
(b) request
(c) order
10. Keep quiet, won’t you? ( )
(a) Advice
(b) request
(c) order
Answer:
1) c
2) a
3) a
4) c
5) b
6) c
7) a
8) a
9) a
10) c

C. Fill in the blanks with ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’.

1. 1987, M.S. Swaminathan was awarded ______ Ramon Magsaysay Award.
2. We dined yesterday at ________ Maurya Sherton hotel.
3. Tejaswini lent me _________ interesting book.
4. My father is ____________ school teacher.
5. M.S.Swaminathan worked at _______ Indian Agricultural Research Institute.
6. Rekha bought _______ long notebook yesterday.
7. Sravani is eating ___________ mango now.
8. Ganesh always carries _______ umbrella with him.
9. Rambabu is _______ English teacher in a high school.
10. Manjula and Sruthi play______ guitar well.
11. 1)Raju is __________ honourable person.
2) That would make _________ good present.
3) Can you give me _________ books on the table?
12. 1)Suresh is _______ first ranker in the class.
2) The teacher gave me _______ interesting book.
3) Bhargavi is eating _______ biscuit now.
13. 1) In 1987, M.S. Swaminathan was awarded _______ Ramon Magsaysay Award.
2) We stayed yesterday at ________ Taj Mahal hotel.
3) Anusha lent me ________ interesting book.
Answer:
1) the
2) the
3) an
4) a
5) the
6) a
7) a
8) an
9) an
10) the
11) 1) an 2) a 3) the
12) 1) the 2) an 3) a
13) 1) the 2) the 3) an

D. Now fill in the blanks with ‘in’, ‘on’ and ‘at’.

1. Sarathchandra and Keerthana are brother and sister. Sarathchandra was born —(1)— 25th April —(2)— 2000. Keerthana was born —(3)— December 2, 2001. They are with their parents. They Live —(4)— Kondamudusupalem, a small village —(5)— Prakasam District. They play games —(6)— school. It is usually very hot —(7)— May —(8)— their village. So they spend their summer —(9)— Hyderabad —(10)— their uncle’s house.
Mr. Srisailam is their uncle. He resides —(11)— High Court Colony —(12)— Hyderabad with his wife, Jagadeeswan and his daughter, Vishnu Priya.

2. Sridevi was a famous Indian actress. She was born ——– 13 August 1963 ——– Sivakasi. Her parents were Ayyappan and Rajeswari. She acted ——– 285 films.

3. Raman was born ——– November 7, 1888 and did his M.A. Course ——– Presidency College ——– Madras.
Answer:
1. 1) on
2) in
3) on
4) at
5) in
6) at
7) in
8) at
9) in
10) at
11) at
12) in
2. on, at, in
3. on, at, in

E. Fill in the blanks with too, throughout; however ; meanwhile ; against ; later.

1) The house was painted white ——–.
2) They are fighting ——– terrorism.
3) Bob spent an hour with his computer, Ann ——– took care of the children of-her own.
4) He wanted to take no risks ——– small.
5) See you ——–.
6) When I’ve finished painting the hall, I’m going to do the kitchen ——–.
Answer:
1) throughout
2) against
3) meanwhile
4) however
5) later
6) too

F.
1) Ravi wants to buy a car but he doesn’t have enough to buy a car. How would Ravi express his wish using wish?
2) Sita was angry and spoke rudely to Gita. Later she thought It was wrong. She was not happy about the way she spoke to her friend. How would she express her unhappiness using ‘wish’?
3) Your father is smoking heavily these days. You are not happy with it and you want to change him. How would you express the same idea using ‘wish’?
4) You joined a job in a company. You are not happy with the job. How would you express your
unhappiness using ‘wish’?
5) Sarala is somewhat beautiful. She wants to be even more beautiful. How would she express the idea using ‘wish’?
Answer:
1) I wish I had more money.
2) I wish I had not said that.
3) I wish father would stop smoking.
4) I wish I had not joined the job.
5) I wish I were even more beautiful.

G. Add question tags to the following statements.

1) I will go home, ___________ ?
2) The story is interesting, ______________ ?
3) I am not a fool, ___________ ?
4) I am clever, ______________ ?
5) 1 can speak English, _____________ ?
6) She has paid the fees, _____________ ?
7) We have seen the film, ___________ ?
8) You are wise, ___________ ?
9) I shall go, ____________ ?
10) You must do this, _____________ ?
Answer:
1)won’t I?
2) Isn’t it?
3) am I?
4} aren’t I?
5) can’t I?
6} hasn’t she?
7) haven’t we?
8) aren’t you?
9) shan’t I?
10) mustn’t you?

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Important Questions 12th Lesson Reproduction in Plants

7th Class Science 12th Lesson Reproduction in Plants Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Describe the flowers that are classified on the basis of parts present in them.
Answer:
Flowers are classified as:
a) Complete flower
b) Incomplete flower
c) Unisexual flower and
d) Bisexual flower on the basis of parts present in them.
a) Complete flower:
A flower that has four or more whorls – at least one each of calyx (sepals), corolla (petals), Androecium (stamens) and Gynoecium (pistil) is called a Complete flower.

Eg: Datura, ipomea, hibiscus.

b) Incomplete flower:
A flower in which any of these four whorls is missing is an Incomplete flower.

Eg: Cucumber, bottlegourd, papaya.

c) Unisexual flower:
A flower which has either stamens (androecium) or pistil (gynoecium) is called unisexual flower.

Eg: Cucumber, bottle gourd, bitter gourd etc.,

d) Bisexual flower :
A flower that has both stamens and pistil (androecium and gynoecium).

Eg: Datura, hibiscus, ipomoea, is called bisexual.

Question 2.
What is pollination? What happens to pollinated and non-pollinated flowers?
Answer:

1. The process of pollen grains reaching the stigma from anther is known as pollination.
2. After one week if we observe both pollinated and non – pollinated flowers. We find polinated flowers develop into fruits where as non – pollinated flowers do not.

Question 3.
What are the agents that help, in pollination? Describe how it takes place by taking an example.
Answer:

1. Air, water, animals, insects, humans act as agents of pollination.
2. They carry pollen grains from anther to the stigma.
3. Insects like butterflies suck nectar from flowers.
4. At that time pollen grains of that flower stick to the legs of the butterfly.
5. When the butterfly goes to another flower for nectar, the pollen grain that have stuck to it’s legs fall on that flower.

Question 4.
What is fertilization? What happens after fertilization?
Answer:

1. Fertilization: Fusion of units of male and female parts to form a structure called as zygote is called fertilization.
2. After fertilization seed develops from the ovule and the ovary usually develops into a fruit.
3. The entire process of fertilization and formation of zygote is known as Sexual reproduction.
4. For the formation of a seed sexual reproduction is essential.
5. The seed thus formed are dispersed to different places by agents like air, water, birds and animals and by human beings as well.
6. These seeds grow into new plants under favorable conditions.

Question 5.
What is sexual reproduction?
Answer:
Production of baby plants or offsprings from the zygote is called sexual reproduction.

Question 6.
What is vegetative reproduction? Write an example for such reproduction.
Answer:
Vegetative reproduction: Production of new plants from vegetative parts of a plant i.e. root, stem and leaf is known as vegetative reproduction.
Example:

1. Potato has a number of small depressions on its surface.
2. These are known as eyes. Cut the potato into pieces such that there is an eye in each piece.
3. Remove the eyes from some of these pieces. Fill two cups with soil.
4. Plant the piece with eyes in one cup and label the cup as ‘with eyes” and those without eyes in another cup named as “Without eyes”.
5. Water both cups daily and observe potato plants sprout in the cup where pieces with eyes are kept.

Question 7.
How does reproduction take place in Bryophyllum?
Answer:

1. See the picture of the plant called Bryophyllum.
   
2. We can see baby plants on the edge of the leaves.
3. We can say that the Bryophyllum plant reproduces through its leaves.

Question 8.
Name some plants which can reproduce when a small branch of them is cut and planted in the soil.
Answer:
In our garden we grow plants like rose, hibiscus, and jasmine by cutting a small branch and planting them in the soil.

Question 9.
Do all flowers have four parts?
Answer:
The student can do this with the help of the teacher. Collect as many flowers from your surroundings as you can. See that you have at least a type of melon or gourd flower as well. Now observe different parts in each flower. Record your observations in the table given below.

Question 10.
How do you identify the sexual parts of a flower?
Answer:

1. Now take a stamen (androecium) from the datura flower, tap the stamen gently on a slide.
2. We can see some grains fallen on the slide.
   
3. Put a drop of water and observe these grains under the microscope.
4. These grains are called pollen grains. Collect pollen grains from other flowers and observe under the microscope as well.
5. Take the pistil of a datura flower as it is big enough to observe the internal parts.
6. Cut the sections of the ovary of pistil as shown in figures a and b.
   
   With the help of hand lens study the internal parts.
7. We see some small ball like structures called “ovules” can be seen arranged in different chambers.

Question 11.
How do you notice which flower part develops into fruit?
Answer:

1. Collect a pistil and fruit from datura plant. Cut the transverse section of both ovary of pistil and fruit.
2. Observe the internal structure of both the section cuttings with the help of a handlens.
   
3. Collect pistil and fruit of cucumber, bhendi (Ladies finger), cotton and beans and do the above activity.
4. Observe the similarities between the ovary and fruit of the same species.
5. It is reasonable to conclude that an ovary develops into a fruit while the ovules develop into seeds. The seeds further produce new plants.

Question 12.
How do you observe ‘Self Pollination ‘and ‘Cross PollinationWhat role is played by male flower?
Answer:

1. Observe a bottle-gourd plant in a garden. It has unisexual flowers i.e. male and female flowers separately.
2. Select 10 female buds of bottle guard, cover with a polythene bag loosely tying the bag on a stalk.
   
3. Make some tiny holes in the bag with the help of a pin.
4. Two days later observe the buds blooming. (Now collect the pollen grains from a male flower of the Bottlegourd plant).
5. Pluck the stamens of male flower and shake to collect pollen grain in a sheet of paper. Twisting cotton wool over the tip of a match stick prepares a brush.
6. Now uncover five of the ten female flowers. Apply the pollen grain on to the stigma of these flowers with the brush.
7. The pollen grains stick to the stigma.
8. Cover the flowers again with polythene bag. Remove all male flowers from the plant.
9. So that no pollen grain reaches the remaining female flowers.
10. By this experiment we come to know that significant role is played by male flower in the formation of fruit.
11. If transfer of pollen grains take place within the flower it is known as Self Pollination. Transfer of pollen grain from anther of one flower to stigma of another flower of same species is called Cross Pollination.

Question 13.
What happens to the pollen grain after pollination? What is fertilization?
Answer:

1. Take two slides. Put 2-3 drops of water on them. Add some sugar grains to water on one side.
   
2. Now put some pollen grains of Hibiscus flower on both the slides. After one hour observe under microscope. We find pollen grains germinate on the slide containing sugar grain.
3. There are some substances present on the stigma which promote the germination of the pollen grains.
4. During germination a tube grows from the pollen grain.
5. This tube ultimately reaches the ovary through the style with the male part.
6. This male part fuses with the female part in the ovule of the ovary.
7. Fusion of units of male and female parts to form a structure called as zygote is called Fertilization.

Question 14.
What is budding? How do you demonstrate it?
Answer:
1) Yeasts grow with the help of a small bulb like outgrowth which increases in size and • breaks off from the parent plant to live independently.
2) This process of reproduction is called budding.

Demonstration:

1. Take some water in a glass tumbler. Mix a tablespoon of sugar and half spoon of yeast powder you get in the market, in the glass tumbler.
2. Cover the glass and leave it undisturbed for a day.
   
3. On the next day place a drop of the solution on a slide and cover it with a cover slip and examine it under a microscope.
4. We can see budding yeast cells as shown in the figure, (they look like water bubbles growing new ones on them).

Question 15.
What is mould? How can you do an activity to show it?
Answer:

1. Take a slice of bread cover it with a vessel and leave it undisturbed for two or three days.
2. Thereafter you will find the slice covered with grey coloured fungus called bread mould.
   
3. Let it stand for three or four days. The whole growth appears like a black powder like matter.
4. Transfer this powder with a thin stick on a fresh slice of moist bread.
5. Observe what happens after every day and note your observation.
6. The black powdery portion of bread mould contains several spores.

Question 16.
What is thalamus in a flower?
Answer:
Let us hold a Dhatura flower by its stalk. This stalk is green in colour and has a slightly swollen head. This is called thalamus. It is the seat on which the parts of a flower are present.

Question 17.
Explain what are calyx and sepals in a flower.
Answer:

1. Now let us observe the part that comes just above the thalamus.
2. There is a green tube like structure called Calyx.
   
3. The edges on the part towards the petals have thin leaf like structures called sepals.
4. The lower ends of-sepals are fused to form the tube like structure.

Question 18.
Write about corolla.
Answer:

1. If we remove the tube of fused sepals in the flower carefully we see
2. There is a funnel shaped corolla. This is formed of fused petals.

Question 19.
What is the male part or Androecium of a flower?
Answer:

1. After removing the petals we can see soft elongated structures attached to these petals.
2. They are called stamens.
3. There is a bulb like structure at the top of each stamen that is called pollen sac or anther.
4. Just below it a fine whitish thread like structure called filament attaches the anther to the petal (in Datura).
5. So stamen has an elongated filarftent and a bulb like pollen sac.
6. Stamens of the flowers are together called the male part or androecium.

Question 20.
What is Gynoecium? How do you find it is a flower?
Answer:

1. As we remove petals, right on the thalamus is seated a bulb like structure called ovary.
2. Just above it a fine tube like structure called style goes up ending in a somewhat flat bead like structure called stigma.
3. This whole structure from ovary to stigma is the pistil or one female reproductive part.
4. All the parts present on the pistil together called as gynoecium.

Question 21.
What do you see in sun flower?
Answer:

1. Sun flower looks like a single flower.
2. But is actually a bunch of flowers.
3. The small flowers in the bunch are called ‘florets’.
4. The florets in the centre are called disc florets.
5. The florets along the rim are called ray flowers.

Question 22.
How are flowers classified on the basis of number of parts present in them?
Answer:
Flowers are classified as
a) Complete flower b) Incomplete flower c) Unisexual flower d) Bisexual flower

Question 23.
What is Penicillin? Who discovered it?
Answer:
Alexander Fleming a Scottish scientist, discovered that a certain kind of mould (Penicillium) produces a substance, named after the mould, called Penicillin, which can destroy many kinds of disease causing bacteria. Penicillin came to be know as an antibiotic and saved the lives of many soldiers in World War – II.

Question 24.
Observe various types of stamens of different flowers.
Answer:

Question 25.
Observe the different types of pistil drawn below.
Answer:

Question 26.
Write the differences between pollination and fertilization.
Answer:

Question 27.
Draw a flow chart for Reproduction in plants.
Answer:

Question 28.
What is asexual production- How do you appreciate this?
Answer:

1. Reproduction of plants from all such parts other than the flower is asexual reproduction.
2. It is a great thing in nature because reproduction in plants is not confined only to sexual reproduction.
3. By way of such processes, we could get good vegetation.

Question 29.
Write the importance of flowers. Name some of them.
Answer:

1. Flowers are usually the most attractive part of any plant.
2. Flowers are so attractive and colourful. Because they attract insects, human beings, etc. to get cross – pollination.
3. Reproduction is possible through flowers also.
4. Datura, Chinarose (Hibiscus), Cucumebr, Bottlegourd, Tridax, Sun flower, Ipomea etc.

Question 30.
The student is advised to complete the table given below taking the help of the teacher.
Answer:

Question 31.
How are the pesticides causing destruction to our beautiful nature?
Answer:

1. Birds and insects are the natural agents for pollination.
2. Nowadays farmers use pesticides to control pests on crops.
3. The enormous use of pesticides kills insects also.
4. It effects pollination.
5. Crop yield become reduced particularly in sun flower crop.
6. The rate of pollination is reduced because of lack of insects in the fields.
7. Think! How we destroy our beautiful nature.

Question 32.
We often find that some plants grow from their cuttings or some other parts. Can you name some such plants?
Answer:

Question 33.
Look at the picture.

1. Identify the parts A, B, C.
2. Name the type of reproduction seen here.
3. Which part is converted into seed?
4. What is meant by Fertilization?

Answer:

1. A – Pollen grain; B – Pollen tube; C – Ovary
2. Sexual reproduction.
3. Ovules develop into seeds.
4. Fusion of units of male and female parts (Pollen grain and Ovules) to form a structure called zygote is called fertilization.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 5 Temperature and Its Measurement Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Solutions 5th Lesson Temperature and Its Measurement

7th Class Science 5th Lesson Temperature and Its Measurement Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
The body temperature of Srinath is 99°F. Is he suffering from fever? If so, why?
Answer:

1. Yes, Srinath is suffering from fever.
2. The normal temperature of human body is 98.6°F.
3. As Srinath has a temperature of 99 °F. It is fever.

Question 2.
Why do we use Mercury in the thermometer? Can water be used instead of Mercury? What are the problems in using it?
Answer:

1. Mercury is used in the thermometer because its expansion is uniform.
2. It is opaque and shining.
3. It does not stick to the sides of the glass tube.
4. It is a good conductor of heat.
5. It is easily available in pure state.
6. Water cannot be used instead of mercury.
7. Water cannot expand as much as mercury expands for a small rise in temperature.
8. Water is not opaque and shining.
9. Water sticks to the sides of the glass tube.

Question 3.
The temperature of Srinagar (J&K) is -4°C and in Paderu (AP) is 3°C which of them has greater temperature? What is the difference between the temperatures of these two places?
Answer:

1. Paderu (A.P.) has a greater temperature. Its temperature is 3°C.
2. The difference between the temperatures of these two places is
   = 3 °C – (- 4 °C) = 7 °C.

Question 4.
During winter mornings why do people stand in the Sun? Explain.
Answer:

1. In winter the temperature of the atmosphere in the mornings will be very less than the body temperature of the people.
2. So heat from the people flow from their body to the atmosphere.
3. People feel quite chill.
4. If people stand in the sun in morning the heat radiations from the sun reaches the body of people preventing the flow of heat from their bodies to the atmosphere.
5. People feel warm if they stand in the sun.

Question 5.
After walking some distance on a hot summer day, why do we prefer to go into the shade?
Answer:

1. When we walk on a hot summer day we get heat in two ways.
   a) Direct heat radiation from the sun and
   b) Reflected heat radiation from the surroundings.
2. So we feel very hot.
3. To get relief from this hotness we prefer to go into the shade, where we get only reflected heat radiation.

Question 6.
Srikanth takes a sip of cold drink and feels the chill. Guess what its temperature is? Try to measure it.
Answer:

1. The temperature of the cold drink maybe 10 °C.
2. The normal temperature of the human body will be 37 °C.
3. The cold drink is at 10 °C and so Srikanth feels the chill.
4. When I measured the temperature of the cold drink I find it at 11 °C.

Question 7.
Jyothi was prepared to measure the temperature of hot water with a clinical thermometer. Is it right or wrong. Why?
Answer:

1. Jyothi was wrong.
2. The clinical thermometer can read temperatures between 5 °C to 45 °C.
3. The temperature of hot water may be more than 45 °C.
4. If the clinical thermometer is put in hot water, mercury in it expands beyond the limit and the thermometer may break.

Question 8.
Swathi kept a laboratory thermometer in hot water for some time and took it out to read the temperature. Rani said it was a wrong way of measuring temperature. Do you agree with Rani? Explain your answer.
Answer:

1. As Rani said, it is a wrong way of measuring temperature.
2. In laboratory thermometer there will be no kink in the capillary tube.
3. When the thermometer is taken out of hot water, mercury level in the thermometer fall down as there is no kink in the capillary tube near the bulb to prevent the level of mercury falling on its own.

Question 9.
Why do we jerk a clinical thermometer before we measure body temperature?
Answer:

1. The kink in the capillary near the bulb of the clinical thermometer prevents mercury level from falling on its own.
2. Before we measure body temperature, we should bring the mercury level to the minimum.
3. This is possible only by giving a jerk to the thermometer to bring back the mercury level in it to the minimum.

Question 10.
Heat energy is converted into other forms of energy. Give some examples.
Answer:

1. If we use electric heater to heat water electrical energy is converted into heat.
2. If we use a gas stove, chemical energy is converted into heat.
3. In solar heaters, solar energy is converted into heat.

Question 11.
Prathima said ‘Heat is a form of energy. How do you support her? Give some examples.
Answer:

1. ‘Heat is a form of energy’. I support Prathima.
2. One form of energy can be converted into another form .
3. Heat energy can be converted into mechanical energy, electrical energy, etc.
4. Energy can do work. With heat we can do several works.
5. So heat is a form of energy.
   Examples:
   1) When we stand in the sun or near fire, heat energy enters our body and we feel hot.
   2) When ice is put on our palm, heat energy moves from our body to the piece of ice. That’s why we feel cold.

Question 12.
Why is a clinical thermometer not used to measure the temperature of air?
Answer:

1. Clinical thermometer is meant to measure our body temperature.
2. It can measure temperatures in between 35 °C to 45 °C.
3. The temperature of air may not be in these limits.
4. So clinical thermometer is not used to measure the temperature of air.

Question 13.
Fill in the blanks.
a. Doctor uses ——– thermometer to measure the human body temperature.
b. At room temperature Mercury is in ——– state.
c. Heat energy transfer from ——– to ——–.
d. – 7 °C temperature is ——– than 0 °C temperature.
Answer:
a) clinical
b) liquid
c) higher temperature, low temperature
d) less

Question 14.
Match the following.

Answer:

Question 15.
Use the Thermometer and record the temperature in your school daily at mid day meals time in the following table. Record temperature for a month.

a) On which day was the temperature highest? What could be the reason?
b) On which day was the temperature lowest? What could be the reason?
c) What was the average temperature during the month?
Answer:
This experiment can be done by the student with the help of the teacher.

Question 16.
Draw the diagram of a clinical thermometer and label its parts. What is the use of kink in clinical thermometer?
Answer:

Use: Kink prevents the Mercury level from falling on its own.

Question 17.
Draw the diagram of a laboratory thermometer and label its parts. How does it differ from a clinical thermometer?
Answer:

It differs from a clinical thermometer in many ways.
a) This thermometer has no kink in the capillary near the bulb.
b) This thermometer has graduations from – 10 °C to 110 °C where as clinical thermometer has graduations from 35 °C to 45 °C.

Question 18.
Measure the body temperature between fingers, under the tongue, armpit, folded hands, folded legs etc. Is it the same? Does the body temperature remain the same after jumping ten times? Why?
Answer:

1. The temperature measured between the fingers, under the tongue, armpit, folded hands, folded legs etc. are not the same.
2. Real temperature of the body is recorded as true when recorded under the tongue.
3. At other places mentioned the temperature recorded differ from the temperature taken under the tongue.
4. Temperature taken in folded legs also do not coincide with other temperatures recorded as some additional heat may be stored due to folding of legs.

Question 19.
Collect information from hospital/health centre about the precautions to be taken while reading temperature with a clinical thermometer.
Answer:

Precautions to be taken:

1. Thermometer should be washed before and after use preferably with an antiseptic solution.
2. Ensure that before the use the mercury level is below 35 °C.
3. Read the thermometer keeping the level of mercury along the line of sight.
4. Handle the thermometer with care.
5. Do not hold the thermometer by bulb while reading it.

Question 20.
Measure the temperature of water in normal conditions. If you add the following substance to the water, do you find any difference in temperature? Predict and verify.

Do you find any change in temperature before and immediately after mixing the above substances in water? If yes, what could be the reason?
Answer:
The student is advised to do this with the help of the teacher and record the observations.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 12 Data Handling Unit Exercise Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Maths Solutions 12th Lesson Handling Unit Exercise

Question 1.
Given below are the ages of 20 Students of Class VI in a School.
i) Organise the data and represent in the form of a frequency distribution table using tally marks.
ii) Find out the age having more number of students.
iii) How many students are there in 10 Years age?
iv) Find out No. of Students who are having more age.
13, 10, 11, 12, 10, 11, 11, 13, 12, 11
10, 11, 12,11, 13, 11, 10, 13, 10, 12
Solution:
i)

ii) More number of students have 11 years age.
iii) 5 students are there in 10 years age.
iv) 7 students having more age.

Question 2.
A dice was thrown 30 times and following scores were obtained

i) Prepare a frequency table of the scores.
ii) Which number obtained more times?
iii) How many times was a score greater than 4 obtained,
iv) Find the total number of times an odd number obtained.
Solution:

ii) 2 and 3 numbers obtained more times.
iii) Total numbers of times obtained greater than 4 are 22,
iv) Two times an odd number is obtained.

Question 3.
Following is the data regarding pass percentage of students in different classes.

Draw a vertical bar graph to represent the above data.
Solution:

Bar graph showing pass percentage of different classes from VI to X.

Steps of construction:

1. Draw two mutually perpendicular lines on a graph sheet – one horizontal (X-axis) and one vertical (Y-axis) mark. Number of class on the X-axis and their pass percentage on the Y-axis.
2. Take the 10 as scale on the Y-axis i.e., 1 cm = 10%
3. Calculate the lengths or heights of the bars by dividing the pass percentage with the scale.
   Class VI = 65 ÷ 10 = 6.5 cm
   Class VII = 75 ÷ 10 = 7.5 cm
   Class VIII = 85 ÷ 10 = 8.5 cm
   Class IX = 60 ÷ 10 = 6 cm
   Class X = 80 ÷ 10 = 8 cm
4. Draw rectangular vertical bars of same width (I cm) on the X-axis with their calculated heights.
   Hence, required vertical bar graph was constructed.

Question 4.
The number of Mathematics books sold by a shopkeeper on Six consecutive days is shown below.

Draw a Horizontal Bar graph to represent the above data.
Solution:

Bar graph showing the percentage of books sold In a week days.

Steps of construction:

1. Draw two mutually perpendicular lines on a graph sheet – one horizontal (X-axis) and one vertical (Y-axis).
2. Mark name of the day on the Y-axis and the number of books sold on the X-axis.
3. Take the 10 as scale on the X-axis i.e., 1cm = 5 books.
   On Monday = 65 ÷ 5 = 13 cm
   On Wednesday = 30 ÷ 5 = 6 cm
   On Friday = 70 ÷ 5 = 14 cm
   On Tuesday = 40 ÷ 5 = 8 cm
   On Thursday = 50 ÷ 5 = 10 cm
   On Saturday = 20 ÷ 5 = 4 cm
4. Calculate the lengths of the bars by dividing the number of books with the scale.
5. Draw rectangular horizontal bars of same width (1cm) on the Y-axis with their calculated lengths.
   Hence, required horizontal bar graph was constructed.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 12 Data Handling Ex 12.3 Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Maths Solutions 12th Lesson Data Handling Ex 12.3

Question 1.
The life spans of some animals are given below:
Bear – 40 years, Camel – 50 years, Cat – 25 years, Donkey – 45 years, Goat -15 years, Horse -10 years, Elephant – 70 years.
Draw a horizontal bar graph to represent the data.
Solution:

Steps of construction:

1. Draw two mutually perpendicular lines on a graph sheet – one horizontal (X-axis) and one vertical (Y – axis).
2. Mark name of the animal on the Y-axis and their life span (Number of years) on the X-axis.
3. Take the GCD or HCF of given numbers as scale on the X-axis i.e., 1cm = 5 years.
4. Calculate lengths or heights of the bars by dividing the life spans with the scale :
   Bear = 40 ÷ 5 = 8 cm; Camel = 50 ÷ 5 = 10 cm
   Cat = 25 ÷ 5 = 5 cm; Donkey = 45 ÷ 5 = 9 cm
   Goat = 15 ÷ 5 = 3 cm; Horse = 10 ÷ 5 = 2 cm
   Elephant = 70 ÷ 5 = 14 cm
5. Draw rectangular horizontal bars of same width (1cm) on the Y-axis with their calculated heights.
   Hence, required horizontal bar graph was constructed.

Question 2.
Travelling time from Hyderabad to Thirupathi by different means of transport are- Car – 8 hours, Bus – 15 hours, Train – 12 hours, Aeroplane – 1 hour. Represent the information using a bar diagram.
Solution:

Bar graph showing travel time by different vehicles from Hyderabad to Tirupathi.

Steps of construction :

1. Draw two mutually perpendicular lines on a graph sheet – one horizontal (X-axis) and one vertical (Y-axis).
2. Mark name of the vehicle on the X-axis and their travelling time (Number of hours) on the Y-axis.
3. Take the 2 as scale on the Y-axis i.e., 1 cm = 2 hours.
4. Calculate lengths or heights of the bars by dividing the travelling time with the scale.
   Car = 8 ÷ 2 = 4 cm
   Bus = 15 ÷ 2 = 7.5 cm
   Train = 12 ÷ 2 = 6 cm
   Aeroplane = 1 ÷ 2 = 0.5 cm
5. Draw rectangular vertical bars of same width (1cm) on the X-axis, with their calculated heights.
   Hence, required vertical bar graph was constructed.

Question 3.
A survey of 120 school students was conducted to find which activity they prefer to do in their free time.

Draw a bar graph to illustrate the above data.
Solution:

Bar graph showing the students can prefer to do Activities in free time.

Steps of construction :

1. Draw two mutually perpendicular lines on a graph sheet – one horizontal (X-axis) and one vertical (Y-axis).
2. Mark name of the activity on the X-axis and the number of students on the Y-axis.
3. Take the 5 as scale on the Y-axis i.e., 1cm = 5 students.
4. Calculate length or heights of the bars by dividing the number of students-with the scale.
   Playing = 25 ÷ 5 = 5 cm
   Reading story books = 10 ÷ 5 = 2 cm
   Watching TV = 40 ÷ 5 = 8 cm
   Listening to music = 10 ÷ 5 = 2 cm
   Painting = 15 ÷ 5 = 3 cm
5. Draw rectangular vertical bars of same width (1cm) on the X-axis with their calculated heights.
   Hence, required vertical bar graph was constructed.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Important Questions Unit 3

7th Class English Important Questions Unit 3

Section – A: Reading Comprehension

A. Reading

1. Read the following text carefully.

Alexander: The battle of Jhelum will go clown in the history of our country.
First general: It’ll go down in the history of India, too.
Second general: It’ll go down in the history of the world.
Third general: I’ve never fought such a battle before.
Fourth general: I haven’t either. Until the last moment, I couldn’t believe that we would be
able to defeat the army of Puru.
Alexander: Yes, it has been a great battle perhaps the greatest of my life.
I must say every Indian soldier fought like a tiger.
First general: They fought like devils, Your Majesty.
Alexander: The Indians are good soldiers. They know how to fight. They fight better than our men.
Second general: But their generals aren’t so good as ours.

Now answer the following questions.
1) Who do you think ‘Alexander’ was?
2) Between which two kings did the battle of Jhelum take place?
3) Why did Alexander think that the battle of Jhelum would go down in the history of the world?
4) According to Alexander, how did every Indian soldier fight?
5) After reading the passage why do you think did the Indians lose the battle?
Answer:
1) Alexander was the king of Macedonia.
2) The battle of Jhelum was fought between Alexander and Puru, a king of northern India.
3) Alexander thought that the battle of Jhelum would go down in the history because he had never fought such a battle. The Indian soldiers fought very bravely.
He could not believe that he would be able to defeat the Indians. The army of Puru fought better than the army of the Greeks.
4) According to Alexander every Indian soldier fought like a tiger.
5) All Indian soldiers fought bravely but because of the inefficiency of the Indian generals Indians lost their battle.

2. Read the following text carefully.
Alexander: If you mean they aren’t so brave as the Greek generals, I don’t agree with you.
Second general: But they aren’t very skilful, Your Highness.
Alexander: I see what you mean, and here I agree with you. The Indian generals are still following the old methods of warfare. Their battle plans are faulty and they depend too much upon their elephants. But as fighters they are wonderful. I have the highest respect for them.
Third general I was amazed to see how Puru fought in the battle of Jhelum.
Fourth general He continued to fight even when others had left the field. I think he killed
at least a hundred of our men with his sword.
Second general: And injured many more.
First general: He was badly injured himself.
Second general: That’s why we were able to capture him.
Alexander: Oh! He is a brave man and a great soldier. I wish he were one of my generals.

Now answer the following questions.
1) What was the opinion of Alexander about Indian generals?
2) According to Alexander, why were Indians defeated?
3) Why did Alexander have the highest respect for Indian soldiers?
4) Why were the Greeks able to capture Puru?
5) Alexander said, “Puru is a brave man and great soldier.” – How can you agree with his statement?
Answer:
1) In Alexander’s opinion Indian soldiers were as brave as Greek soldiers but they might not be as skilful as the Greeks.
2) The Indian generals used the old methods of warfare. Their battle plans are faulty. They depend too much upon their elephants.
3) The Indian generals were brave. They were wonderful fighters. So Alexander had highest respect for Indian soldiers.
4) Puru was injured badly. So the Greeks were able to capture him.
5) Puru continued to fight even when others had left the field. He killed at least a hundred of Greek soldiers with his sword. He injured many more. Thus I can agree with, Alexander’s statements that Puru was a brave and a great soldier.

Additional Questions:
1) What was the opinions of Greek generals about Indian generals?
2) How can you say that Indian generals were” not skilful?
3) What was the name of the battle?
4) Why was the battle called the battle of Jhelum?
5) “I wish he were one of my generals.” – Why did Alexander wish so?
Answer:
1) In the opinion of Greek generals the Indian generals were not so brave and skilful, as the Greek generals.
2) The Indian generals followed the old methods of warfare. Their battle plans were faulty
and they depended too much on their elephants. Thus we can say Indian generals were not skilful.
3) The name of the battle was the battle of Jhelum.
4) The battle was fought on the bank of the river Jhelum. So it was called the battle of Jhelum.
5) Puru was a brave man and a great soldier. He continued to fight even when others had left the field. He killed hundreds of Greeks and injured many with his sword. Alexander was inspired With his bravery and wished if Puru were one of his generals.

3. Read the following text.
Second general: He is a proud man, Your Majesty.
Alexander: A soldier is not a soldier if he is not proud. I’m not angry with him at all.
He was not frightened by the news of my victories and refused to bow before me.
First general: He will be brought to Your Majesty soon. Let us see how he behaves.
Alexander: I’m sure he will not behave like a coward. (A soldier enters and bows to Alexander.)
Soldier: Sir. Puru has been brought to the camp.
Alexander: Has he been put in chains?
Soldier: Yes, Your Majesty.
Alexander: Go and remove the chains, and bring him in. I don’t want to see a brave man in chains.
(The soldier bows and goes out.)
Alexander: They should not have put him in chains. He is a king besides being a great soldier.
Now answer the following questions.
1) How should a soldier be according to Alexander?
2) Though Puru behaved proudly why was Alexander not angry with him?
3) How can you say Puru was not a coward?
4) Why did Alexander ask his generals to remove the chains of Puru?
5) Why did Alexander think Puru should not have been put in chains?
6) What were the feelings of Alexander about Puru?
7) Why did Alexander have a high esteem about Puru?
8) After reading the above text what can you say about the nature of Alexander?
9) What were the feelings of Greek generals about Puru?
10) “I don’t want to see a brave man in chains” – Who is the brave man mentioned here?
Answer:
1) According to Alexander, a soldier should be proud.
2) Alexander believed that a soldier should be proud and should not be a coward. So he was not angry with Puru though he behaved proudly.
3) Puru was not frightened by the news of Alexander’s victories and refused to bow before him.
4) Alexander did not to like to see Puru in his chains. Puru was a king besides being a soldier.
He had a great respect for good soldiers and brave kings. So Alexander asked his generals to remove the chains of Puru.
5) Besides being a soldier Puru was a king. He was a brave-king. He wanted to respect other kings. So Alexander think Puru should not have been put in chains.
6) Alexander did not treat Puru as his enemy but he was equal to him in power and authority. In his opinion Puru was a brave king and he should be respected.
7) Puru was a noble king. He fought bravely to defend the sovereignty of his kingdom. He was ready to sacrifice his life for defending his motherland. So Alexander had a high es¬teem about Puru.
8) Alexander was a noble king and man of good polity. He used to respect the self respect of other kings especially those who were brave and fought for defend the sovereignty of his own country.
9) According to the Greek generals, Puru was very proud and haughty.
10) The brave man mentioned in the line was Puru.

4. Read the following text.

Alexander: (to Puru) Well, how are you, king?
Puru: My name is Puru.
Alexander: All right. Are you sorry for the ‘mistake you made, Puru?
Puru: I made no mistake, sir.
Alexander: Didn’t you reject my proposal?
Puru: I did. I refused to be your vassal.
Alexander: Do you know that many kings have gladly agreed to be my vassals?
Puru: I know that, and I also know that none of them is Puru.
First general: (softly to the second General) He is, indeed, a very proud man.
Alexander: Don’t you realize that you are my prisoner?
Puru: I do, but that doesn’t make any difference to me. I’m still the lawful king of my country.

Now answer the following questions.
1) What was the mistake done by Puru according to Alexander?
2) What was Alexander’s proposal?
3) Did Puru accept Alexander’s proposal?
4) Why do you think Puru did not accept Alexander’s proposal?
5) “I also know that none of them is Puru” – What is the meaning of the above sentence?
Answer:
1) Puru did not accept to be Alexander’s vassal.
2) Alexander’s proposal was to have Puru as his vassal.
3) No. Puru did not accept Alexander’s proposal.
4) Puru was a sovereign king and he wanted to be an independent and free king of his own kingdom. So Puru did not accept to be the vassal of Alexander.
5) By this sentence Puru wanted to say that the other kings who accepted to be the vassals of Alexander were not as sovereign as Puru. They did not have the self respect.

5. Read the following text.

First general: (softly to the second General) He is, indeed, a very proud man.
Alexander: Don’t you realize that you are my prisoner?
Puru: I do, but that doesn’t make any difference to me. I’m still the lawful king of my country.
Alexander: How shall I treat you?
Puru: As a king should treat another king.
Alexander: Puru, you are a brave man. I’m pleased with you. I want to make friends with you. Will you be a friend to me?
Puru: On one condition.
Alexander: What is that condition?
Puru: My kingdom should remain independent and you should treat me as your equal.
Alexander: Agreed, (after a pause) I’m proud of your friendship, my brother.
Puru: I’ll do my best to be worthy of the friendship of Alexander the Great.

Now answer the following questions.
1) Why did the generals think that Puru was a proud king?
2) Though Puru was a prisoner of Alexander, why was he talking and behaving proudly?
3) How should Puru want himself to be treated?
4) What condition did Puru put to Alexander to be friends with him?
5) If you were Alexander, what would you do with Puru?
Answer:
1) The generals thought that Puru was a proud king because Puru was talking and behaving like a king with self respect and sovereignty though he was in captivity.
2) Puru was a noble king with sovereignty and self respect. He was courageous and brave . man. Such kings live like kings and like to die as kings. They don’t like to be as slaves, vassals and subjects of any other kings.
3) Puru wanted to be treated as a sovereign king by Alexander.
4) If his kingdom was allowed to remain independent and he was treated as equal to Alexander he would make friends with his equal.
5) If I were Alexander, I would also treat Puru as Alexander treated him). I would respect his kingship. I would respect his sovereignty. I would be a friend to him and I would allow him to rule his kingdom independently.

6. Read the following text.
The camp of Alexander on the banks of the Jhelum. Alexander is sitting on a high chair and his four generals are sitting on low chairs. Two Greek soldiers are standing at the door. Alexander is having a talk with his generals.
Alexander: The battle of Jhelum will go down in the history of our country.
First general: It’ll go down in the history of India, too.
Second general: It’ll go down in the history of the world.
Third general: I’ve never fought such a battle before.
Now, answer the following questions.
1) Where is Alexander’s camp?
2) Who is/are standing at the door?
3) Who is Alexander talking to?
4) How many generals are there in the passage?
5) Pick out the word that means ‘an army officer’.
Answer:
1) on the banks of die Jhelum
2) Two Greek Soldiers
3) his generals
4) Four generals
5) ‘general’

7. Read the following text.
Alexander: Didn’t you reject my proposal?
Puru: I did. I refused to be your vassal.
Alexander: Do you know that many kings have gladly agreed to be my vassals.
Puru : I know that, and I also know that none of them is Puru.
First General: (softly to the second general) He is, indeed, a very proud man.
Alexander: Don’t you realise that you are my prisoner?
Puru: I do, but that doesn’t make any difference to me. I’m still lawful king of my country.
Alexander: How shall I treat you?
Puru: As a king should treat another king.
Alexander: Puru, you are a brave man.
Now, answer the following questions.
1) How many persons were taking part in the above conversation?
2) What was Alexander’s proposal to Puru?
3) What kind of man was Puru according to Alexander?
4) Who was the prisoner mentioned in the above passage?
5) How did Puru want to be treated?
Answer:
1) Three persons
2) that Puru should be his vassal
3) a brave man
4) Puru
5) as a king

B. Reading

1. Read the following stanza.
Home they brought her warrior dead
She nor swooned, nor uttered a cry:
All her maidens, watching, said,
‘She must weep or she will die’.
Now answer the following questions
1) Who was brought dead?
2) Why did he die?
3) Who was ‘she’?
4) What were her feelings when her husband was brought dead?
5) What did all the women say?
6) Why did she not cry?
7) Why did they think she had to cry?
8) Which word in the above stanza means ‘became unconscious?
9) Write the rhyming words.
10) What is the rhyming scheme followed in the stanza?
Answer:
1) A warrior was brought dead.
2) While fighting with his enemy soldiers he was killed in a war.
3) ‘She’ was the warrior’s wife.
4) When her husband was brought dead she neither fainted nor cried. She was in shock. She stood stock still and she did not she$ even a single tear.
5) All the women who surrounded her said that she had to cry otherwise she would die.
6) She was in a shock. She stood stock still. So she did not shed even a single tear.
7) They believed that all the pain that the widow was keeping pent up inside her would finally have an adverse effect on her health and she would not surprise from the misery.
8) The word ‘swooned’ means unconscious.
9) dead – said – cry – die
10) The rhyming scheme followed in the poem is ABAB.

2. Read the following stanza.
Then they praised him, soft and low.
Called him worthy to be loved,
Truest friend and noblest foe;
Yet she neither spoke nor moved.
Now answer the following questions.
1) Who does ‘they’ here refer to?
2) What did they do?
3) Why did they praise him?
4) How did they praise him?
5) What effect did their words have on her?
6) Identify the rhyming words in the stanza.
Answer:
1) “They” here refer to her women who surrounded her.
2) They praised her husband.
3) They praised her dead husband to remind the widow of her nobility and dignity her husband enjoyed from the large. They praised him before her to evoke an emotional reaction from him.
4) They praised him worthy to be loved, They said that he was the truest friend and a noblest foe.
5) None of their words did not have any effect on the wife. She stood motionless and silent.
6) The rhyming words in this stanza are; low – foe; loved – moved;

3. Read the following stanza.
Stole a maiden from her place,
Lightly to the warrior stepped,
Took the face-cloth from the face;
Yet she neither moved nor wept.
Now answer the following questions.
1) What did the maiden do?
2) Why did she remove the face-cloth?
3) What does the word ‘lightly’ here mean?
4) What effect did the maiden’s act have on the widows?
5) Identify the rhyming words in the stanza.
Answer:
1) The maiden walked up slowly and quietly to the dead body of the warrior and removed the face-cloth that covered his face.
2) The maiden removed the face-cloth supposing the sight of her husband’s lifeless face would move her and she would cry.
3) Lightly here means slowly and quietly.
4) The sight of her husband’s lifeless face did not have any effect on the widow. Still she did not cry.
5) The rhyming words in the stanza are; place – face; stepped – wept;

4. Read the following stanza.
Rose a nurse of ninety years,
Set his child upon her knee –
Like summer tempest came her tears –
‘Sweet my child, I live for thee’.

Now answer the following questions.
1) How old was the nurse?
2) What did the nurse do?
3) How did the tears come out from the woman’s eyes?
4) Which season of the year is mentioned in the stanza?
5) Pick out the rhyming words from the stanza.
Answer:
1) The nurse was ninety years of age.
2) The nurse placed the widows child on woman’s knee.
3) Tears came out like the summer tempest.
4) The summer season
5) years – tears; knee – thee

Additional Questions:
1) What did the woman do when she saw her child?
2) “Like the summer tempest came her tears” – What figure of speech is used in this line?
3) What is the ‘tempest’ here compared to?
4) Who succeeded in making the woman cry?
5) What did the widow say in the end?
6) What is the meaning of the last line of the stanza?
7) Identified the rhyming words given in the stanza.
8) Why did the widow cry on seeing her child?
Answer:
1) When she saw her child the woman at once cried. The tears came down with the force of a storm.
2) The figure of speech ‘simile’ is used in the above line because the tears are compared to a storm.
3) The tempest is compared to the tears that came down her face with a force.
4) The ninety nine year old nurse succeeded in making her weep.
5) The widow that she would live for her daughter.
6) I would not die with your dead father. I would live for you.
7) Years – tears ; knee – thee.
8) All the while the widow had been thinking of her child. She was thinking who would have to live like without a father. These thoughts made her cry when she saw her child.

C. Reading

1. Read the following passage.

This is a story from China. A long, long time ago, there lived an old woman in a hut in the forest. Her husband had been killed by a tiger some years ago. She was old and weak. Life was difficult for her and her daughter, Slew Mei.
Siew Mei did all the cooking and cleaning herself. She also looked after the silkworms in their garden. The worms gave them fine thread to make beautiful silk. Siew Mei sold the silk to travellers in the village market. In this way, she got enough money to buy food and other things.

Now answer the following questions.
1) Where did this story take place?
2) Whom was the story about?
3) What happened to her husband?
4) Why was life difficult for the woman and her daughter?
5) What did Siew Mei do to earn her living?
Answer:
1) The story took place in China.
2) The story was about a woman and her daughter Siew-Mei.
3) Her husband was killed by a tiger some years ago.
4) The woman lost her husband. She was old and weak. They were poor. So life was difficult for the woman and her daughter.
5) Siew Mei used to look after the silkworms, collect the thread from the silkworms, make beautiful silk and sell the silk in the market and earn enough money to buy food and other things.

2. Read the following passage.
One day as Siew Mei was returning home, it started to rain heavily. It was getting dark, too. Siew Mei ran into the first hut she saw. The door was open and there was no one inside. “Is anybody in?” she called loudly, again and again. But there was no reply.
Siew Mei looked around the hut. The floor was very dirty. Bowls and pots were left unwashed. Siew Mei swept the floor and washed all the bowls and pots.
By the time she had finished, the hut was as clean as a new one. By then the rain had stopped too.“I had better go home,” she said to herself. “Mother will be worried.”
Now answer the following questions.
1) What happened one day when Siew Mei was returning home?
2) Where did she take shelter in the rain?
3) How was the hut?
4) What did Siew Mei do to make hut clean?
5) How was the hut when she was abput to leave the hut?
Answer:
1) One day when Siew Mei was returning home it rained heavily.
2) In the rain she took shelter in a hut.
3) The floor inside the hut was dirty. Bowls and pots were left unwashed.
4) Siew Mei swept the floor, washed all the bowls and pots. She cleaned the hut to look as a new one.
5) When she had finished cleaning, the hut was as clean as a new one.

3. Read the following passage.
As she walked out of the hut, she saw a strange old man. His long beard reached down to his waist. He looked about a hundred years old. The old man looked at Siew Mei and smiled.
“Uncle,” she said, “I went into the hut because it was raining. I hope you don’t mind.” “Not at all, young girl,” replied the old man. His eyes fell on the clean floor and on the bowls and pots. “Did you clean the hut for me?”
“Yes,’’answered Siew Mei. “Let me help you into the hut.”
The old man was very happy. “You’re a very kind girl,” he said. “I must give you a present.”
He took out a pair of scissors and cut off a little of his long white beard. He put it in a piece of old cloth, tied it up, and gave the bundle to her.
“Do not give it to anyone,” said the old man. “Open it when you get home.”

Now answer the following questions.
1) Who did she see when she was about to come out of the hut?
2) How was the old man?
3) According to the old man, what kind of girl was she?
4) “I must give you a present.” – Why did the old man feel that he should give a present to her?
5) What present did the old man give Siew Mei?
6) What do you think was the girl rewarded for?
7) How can you say the girl was kind-hearted?
8) On the name of a present the old man gave her a piece of his beard; Though it was just a hair of the beard the girl accepted it. What does it tell us about the girl?
9) What lesson do you learn from this episode of young girl and old man?
10) Who do you think the old man was?
Answer:
1) The girl saw an old man when she was about to come out of the house.
2) The old man looked about a hundred years old. He had a long beard.
3) According to the old man she was a very good and kind girl.
4) The old man thought that she cleaned the floor of his house, washed the bowls and pots without expecting anything. So he thought he should give her a present.
5) The old man cut off a piece from his long beard, tied it a bundle in a cloth gave it to her as a present.
6) I think the girl was rewarded for her selfless service and for her cleanliness.
7) When the old man was about to enter the hut she offered her that she would help him into
the hut.
8) Whenever an elder person offers us a present, we should accept it without considering its value. Then it will give us good fortune. It is good manners.
9) Your selfless service will fetch you a great reward.
10) I think the old man must be a supernatural creature with holy powers.

4. Read the following passage.
Siew Mei thanked him and went home. Her mother was very glad to see Siew Mei safe.
Siew Mei told her mother about the old-man.
Siew Mei opened the bundle to show her mother the old man’s white beard. To their surprise, they saw the finest silk thread in the whole of China. They began to weave with the silk thread. When they had finished weaving, they bad made the finest silk they had ever seen. They noticed that the bundle of silk thread still remained exactly the same size as before.
News of their wonderful silk spread far and wide. The old woman and her daughter became famous and lived happily ever after.
Now answer the following questions.
1) Why was her mother glad to see Siew Mei?
2) What did Siew Mei show her mother?
3) What made them surprised?
4) What did they do with the silk?
5) What did they notice?
6) Which news spread far and wide?
7) What happened to them?
8) How can you describe the turning of old man’s beard into silk?
9) Do you believe in miracles?
10) If you were Siew Mei, how would you feel?
Answer:
1) It was very, late in the night. And there was a heavy rain. In spite of the rain and the darkness her daughter was able to reach home safely. So she was glad to see her daughter.
2) Siew Mei showed her mother the whiteman’s white beard.
3) When they opened the bundle they did not see the old man’s white beard but they saw the finest silk thread. It made them surprised.
4) They wove the finest silk cloth with the silk.
5) They noticed that the silk thread remained exactly the same size even after they wove the
cloth using it.
6) News of their wonderful silk spread far and wide.
7) The old woman and her daughter became famous for the finest silk they produced.
8) The turning of the beard into silk can be described as a miracle.
9) Yes. I believe in. it because I’ve so many such things. After a dreadful earthquake, though thousands of people lost their lives, a girl was saved alive after a week from the rumblings. Was it not a miracle? So many miracles happened in the human history.
10) I’d be very glad if I were Siew Mei.

Unseen Comprehension

1. Read the following passage carefully.
Have you ever seen a UFO? A UFO is an Unidentified Flying Object, a strange object or light that people see in the sky. Many people believe that these strange lights are really spaceships from another planet.
For years people have seen and heard many odd things in the sky, blinking and glowing . lights, flying objects shaped like saucers, and moving objects making strange noises. Some people have even taken pictures of these unusal sights.
Some of these UFOs are really aeroplanes, weather balloons or meteors. But many UFO reports are still a mystery.
Now answer the following questions.
1) What do people believe about these strange lights?
Answer:
People believe that these strange lights are really spaceships from other planets.

2) What are these UFOs really?
Answer:
These UFOs are really aeroplanes, weather balloons or meteors.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
3) U.F.O stands for: ( )
a) Unknown Flying Object
b) Unidentified Flying Object
c) Unseen Flying Object.
Answer:
b) Unidentified Flying Object

4) U.F.Os are believed to be spaceships from other ( )
a) countries
b) continents
c) planets
Answer:
c) planets

5) Which of the following statements is true? ( )
a) UFOs are make-believe.
b) Moving objects with blinking lights have to be UFOs
c) People have seen moving objects making strange noises.
Answer:
a) UFOs are make-believe.

2. Read the following passage carefully.
Do you know about one of the most famous, monsters in the world? The Loch Ness Monster is a large animal that some people believe lives in Loch Ness, a deep dark lake in Scotland. For many years, hundreds of people have reported seeing something strange in the lake. They have even given it the nick name “Nessie”.
Nessie is said to be about 30 feet long, with a long slender neck, one or two humps and flippers.
There are even pictures that have been taken of a large animal-like shape in the water. Scientists are still trying to solve the mystery of Nessie.
Now answer the following questions.
1) Where do the Loch Ness Monsters live?
Answer:
Loch Ness monsters are said to be lived in the Loch Ness lake in Scotland.

2) How is Nessie?
Answer:
Nessie is said to be about 30 feet long with a long slender neck, one or two humps and flippers.

Choose the correct answer:
3) Actually the Loch Ness is the name of a ( )
a) country.
b) city.
c) lake.
Answer:
c) lake

4) Which of the following is a fact about Nessie? ( )
a) Nessie has a long slender neck.
b) Nessie has flippers.
c) Nessie is a mystery.
Answer:
c) Nessie is a mystery.

5) What was the Nickname given to Loch Ness Monster? ( )
a) Nest
b) Nestle
c) Nessie
Answer:
c) Nessie

3. Read the following passage carefully.
Perhaps you have seen a green, fuzzy spot on bread or cheeses. If so, it was probably mold. Mold is a kind of plant called fungi. The most common molds are green or black. Mold likes to grow in a moist, warm places. But where does it come from?
Mold comes from spores, which exist in the air. If these find a moist, warm place they will produce mold. Mold grows weds of fuzzy branches. It continues to grow as long as the conditions are right.
Foods such as cheese, fruit and bread can develop mold, If they are left out in a warm damp room. Mold may even grow on leather shoes, belts or furniture.
Mold is usually thougt of as a problem. But some molds are valuable to scientists. The most famous mold is called penicillium Notatum. This mold is used to make a valuable drug called penicillin.
Now answer the following questions.
1) What is mold?
Answer:
Mold is a kind of plant called fungi.
2) How are the molds useful to scientists?
Answer:
Some molds are valuable to scientists. Scientist produce a drug called penicillin from the mold ‘Penicillium Notatum’.

Choose the correct answer:
3) Mold grows in ——– places. ( )
a) dry and warm
b) moist and warm
c) dry and cool
Answer:
b) moist and warm

4) Mold comes from: ( )
a) fungi
b) spores
c) pencillin
Answer:
b) spores

5) Penicillium Notation is a ——–. ( )
a) drug
b) plant
c) mold
Answer:
c) mold

4. Read the following passage carefully.
Do you know that you are a mammal? Any animal that gives birth to live babies; not eggs, and feeds ifs young on milk are called mammals. Cows, humans and whales are all mammals. Mammals are warm-blooded animals. Most mammals have hair on their bodies. Many mammals live on land. People, elephants, rabbits, dogs and cows, cats are all land mammals. Some animals like dolphins and whales, live in water. The seal, walrus and otter are mammals that live on land and in the water. Did you know there is even a mammal that flies? It is the bat.

Now answer the following questions.
1) What are called mammals?
Answer:
The animals that give birth to babies, not eggs, and feed their young ones on milk are called mammals.

2) Write some characteristics of mammals.
Answer:
a) Mammals are warm-blooded animals.
b) Mammals have hair on their bodies.

Choose the correct answer:
3) Mammals are ………… animals.  (  )
a) cold blooded
b) warm blooded
c) white blooded
Answer:
b) warm blooded

4) Which of the following is not a mammal?   (  )
a) bat
b) whale
c) hen
Answer:
c) hen

5) Which of the following birds is a mammal?   (  )
a) duck
b) hen
c) bat
Answer:
c) bat

5. Read the following passage.
After the war, our church was in a very bad condition. So we decided to build a new one on the top of a hill just outside the town. We used many different kinds of materials. We built the walls of stone and glass, the heavy doors of wood and metal. From the top of the church there was a wonderful view. You can see the entire town and countryside for miles around. People from all parts of the country visit the church every day. It is such an interesting building..
Now, answer the following questions.
1) What was the condition of the church after the war?
Answer:
The church was in a very bad condition after the war.

2) Where did the people want to build the church?
Answer:
on the top of the hill

3) The walls of the new church were made of …… ( )
a) wood and glass
b) wood and metal
c) stone and glass
Answer:
c) stone and glass

4) The doors were made of ….. ( )
a) metal and wood
b) cement and bricks
c) glass and marble
Answer:
a) metal and wood

5) Choose the correct statement from the following. ( )
a) The new church was built in a town.
b) The new church was in interesting building.
c) The new church had no walls and doors.
Answer:
b) The new church was in interesting building.

6. Read the following passage.

Penny-wise Monkey

Once upon a time, there lived the king of a big and affluent country. The king was quite fond of travelling. Usually, he didn’t like to visit his own country; instead he went to other countries. One day, he assembled his army to move out for a holiday to some distant country. The king and his soldiers walked for the whole morning in the forest. After this, they went into the camp to take some rest.
The horses were also tired, so they were fed with peas. One of the monkeys, who lived in the forest, was keeping a track of the things done by the king’s men from a distance. When he saw peas offered to the horses, he jumped down from the tree at once to get some of them. He quickly gobbled some peas, also filled his mouth and hands with them. Then, he went up the tree and sat down, to eat the peas.
As and when, he sat there to eat peas; one pea fell from his hand to the ground. The greedy monkey dropped all the peas he had in his hands and ran down to look for the lost pea at once. Unluckily, he could not find that one pea. He climbed up the tree again and sat at rest. He was looking very sad. He said to himself, “To get one pea, I threw away what I had”.
The king was watching the monkey from the camp and said to himself, “I would not be like this stupid monkey, who lost much to gain a little. I will go back to my own country and enjoy what I have”. Thus, the king and his army marched back to their own country.

Now, answer the following questions.
1) Why did the king want to visit other countries?
Answer:
because he was quite fond of travelling

2) What did the monkey see?
Answer:
The monkey saw peas being offered to the horses.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given below.
3) The monkey gobbled the peas in a particular way.
From this, we know that ….. ( )
a) the monkey was kind
b) the monkey was greedy
c) the monkey wanted just enough to eat
Answer:
b) the monkey was greedy

4) Another possible title to the story is ….. ( )
a) The Horses and the Monkey
b) The Wise Monkey
c) Penny-wise and Pound-foolish
Answer:
c) Penny-wise and Pound-foolish

5) Choose the correct statement from the following. ( )
a) The king learnt that it is foolish to lose more to gain little.
b) The king learnt that it is good to take risk in life.
c) The king learnt that without pain there cannot be any gain.
Answer:
a) The king learnt that it is foolish to lose more to gain little.

Unseen (Data Interpretation)

1. Study the following bar graph and answer the questions that follow.

Now answer the following questions.
1) What does the above bar graph show?
Answer:
The above bar graph shows the project exports contracts secured by a company during the period 1984-88.

2) What is the maximum value of exports secured in all the five years?
Answer:
The maximum value of exports secured ip all the years is 143.9 crores in the year 1987.

Choose the correct answer:
3) In which year the minimum value of exports secured? ( )
a) 1988
b) 1984
c) 1985
Answer:
a) 1988

4) In which year the project exports declined by 33% when compared to the previous year? ( )
a) 1988
b) 1985
c) 1986
Answer:
b) 1985

5} In which year the project exports rised to high extent? ( )
a) 1985
b) 1988
c) 1987
Answer:
c) 1987

2. Read the following table.
The table below shows the estimated cost (in Rs. Lakhs) of a project of laying of a railway line between two places.

Now answer the following questions.
1) What does the above table show?
Answer:
The table shows the estimated cuts of a project of laying a railway line between two places.

2) What is the total cost spent on laying the railway line?
Answer:
705.3 lakh rupees.

Choose the correct answer:
3) In which year very least total amount is spent? ( )
a) 1991
b) 1990
c) 1988
Answer:
c) 1988

4) In which year maximum amount is spent? ( )
a) 1989
b) 1990
c) 1991
Answer:
a) 1989

5) In which year the maximum amount is spent on Cement? ( )
a) 1988
b) 1989
c) 1981
Answer:
b) 1989

3. Read the following table showing Endocrine glands, hormones they release and their functions.

Now answer the following questions
1) What does the table show?
Answer:
The table shows endocrine glands, hormones they secrete and their functions.

2) Which gland stimulates glucose uptake in all cells?
Answer:
Pancreas stimulates glucose uptake in all cells.

Choose the correct answer:
3) Which of the following glands stimulates heart rate and blood pressure? ( )
a) pituitary
b) parathyroid
c) adrenal
Answer:
c) adrenal

4) Which of the following glands releases growth hormone? ( )
a) pancreas
b) parathyroid
c) pituitary
Answer:
c) pituitary

5) Which of the following glands stimulates metabolism and heart rate ? ( )
a) pituitary
b) thyroid
c) adrenal
Answer:
b) thyroid

4. Study the following table:

Now answer the following questions.
1) What does the table show?
Answer:
The table shows the openers with more than 8000 runs in one day internationals.

2) Who was the highest scorer as an opener in ODIs?
Answer:
Sachin Tendulkar was the highest scorer in one day internationals as an opener.

Choose the correct answer:
3) How many centuries were scored by Sachin as an opener? ( )
a) 75 b) 28 c) 45
Answer:
c) 45

4) Who was the second highest scorer as an opener? ( )
a) Adam Gilchrist
b) Sanath Jayasurya
c) Sourav Ganguly
Answer:
b) Sanath Jayasurya

5) The average of which two openers is almost equal? ( )
a) Desmond Haynes and Chris Gayle
b) Sourav Ganguly and Desmond Haynes
c) Chris Gayle and Saeed Anwar
Answer:
b) Sourav Ganguly and Desmond Haynes

5. The following table shows the marks secured by some students in a school exam.

Now, answer the following questions.
1) What information is the table likely to-show?
Answer:
The marks scored by some students in a school exam.

2) Identify the two low scores in English.
Answer:
64 and 73 respectively scored by Suresh and Vineela

Choose the correct answer from the choices given below.
3) Find out the subject that was scored well by all students. ( )
a) Maths
b) English
c) Telugu
Answer:
b) English

4) Which is the subject the students need to improve? ( )
a) Sciences
b) English
c) Hindi
Answer:
c) Hindi

5) Choose the correct statement from the fallowing: ( )
a) Mohini scored the least score in total score.
b) Vineela scored the highest total in all subjects.
c) Suresh scored least marks in social studies.
Answer:
c) Suresh scored least marks in social studies.

Section – B: Creative Writing

1. Rewrite the playlet “Alexander the Great” as a short story.
Answer:
Alexander was a king of Macedonia. He was the disciple of the greatest Greek philosopher, Aristotle. His aim in his life was to conquer the world. He had defeated so many kings in the middle east the western Asia and reached the North-western India. In the northern India he had to fight with Puru, a great king and a brave soldier. Puru was a noble patriot. He did not like India to be conquered by any foreign ruler. So he decided to fight against Alexander. There was a great battle, between Alexander and Puru on the banks of Jhelum. His soldiers, generals fought bravely. Puru also fought like a tiger. He killed hundreds of Greek soldiers and injured many with his sword. Puru lost the battle though his generals and soldiers fought bravely. Puru lost the battle as he had used the oldest methods of warfare and he used elephants. Puru was gravely injured and chained in the battle. He was brought before Alexander. Alexander liked his bravery and courage. He did not like such a great king to be in captivity., He asked his soldiers to remove his chains. Alexander asked Puru to be his vassal. But Puru refused. Alexander asked him why he rejected his offer.- Puru said that he was the lawful owner of his kingdom. He asked Puru how he should treat him. Puru asked to treat him as his equal. Alexander liked his bravery, gave back his kingdom. Alexander liked Puru’s self-respect, so became his best friend.

2. You’ve read the playlet Puru the Brave. You liked it very much. You liked the characters both Alexander and Puru. Write a letter to your friend describing why you liked both of them.
Answer:

Tenali.
24.5.20xx.

Dear Krishna,
I hope this letter finds you in the best of health and spirits. All of us are doing fine here. It has been a very long since we met or wrote to each other. So I thought of penning down a few lines to check things with you. The primary purpose of writing this letter to you is to make you know about two great heroes of history. They are Alexandar and Puru, the great.
You must have heard about these two in our lesson-“Puru, the Great.” After reading this lesson I’ve inspired with the great qualities of Alexander and Purushotham. Both are courageous and valient people. Both are noble. Both respected each other’s sovereignty. Alexander was such a noble personality that he respected the bravery, patriotism, and his love for free¬dom and sovereignty. For Puru the only thing that Puru valued very much was the freedom, independence and sovereignty of his kingdom. Nothing is valuable for him more than that. Puru rejected the proposal of Alexander to be as his vassal. He fought bravely like a lion until the end with the means and warfare available to him. In my opinion he was a true hero. What is your opinion about Puru? What do you think about Alexander ?
Write a replay to me describing your feelings about these two great personalities. Convey my regards to your parents and my best wishes to you sister.
Yours lovingly,
xxxxxx
Address on the Envelope:
R Ravi Kumar,
S/o Surya Narayana,
H.No: 1 – 20 – 22/A,
Malladivari Street,
Gandhinagar,
Vijayawada.

3. In the lesson ‘Puru, the Brave’ you have read about the bravery of Puru. Now imagine that you are making a speech on the bravery of Puru at the time of Independence Day celebrations and prepare a draft for it.
Use the following hints to write a script for the speech.
Puru – one of the greatest Indian kings – fought with Alexander bravely – his soldiers – fought like tigers – Puru killed at least a 100 Greek soldiers – injured many more – but finally injured and captured – did not lose his courage – said he was a lawful king – Alexander pleased with his words – treated him like his brother – gave his kingdom back.
Answer:
Respected teachers and dear friends,
Good morning to everyone. I, S. Haneesh, stand before you to speak about the bravery of Puru on this auspicious occasion of Independence Day.
Puru was one of the greatest Indian kings. He fought with Alexander bravely. His soldiers fought like tigers. Puru killed at least a hundred Greek soldiers and he injured many more. But finally he was injured and captured by the Greek.
He did not lose his courage even though he was captured. When Alexander asked Puru whether he would accept the former’s supremacy and remain his vassal. Puru said that he was still the lawful king of his kingdom so refused his proposal. Alexander was pleased with his words and treated him like his brother. He gave his kingdom back.
Thank you one and all for giving me this opportunity.

1. Write a story using the following hints.
A carpenter – working – under tree – daily cut wood into pieces – made windows, doors, furniture – one day – cutting a’beam with a saw – put a small plug in it- went home for food – meanwhile – monkeys came down from tree – ran here and there – jumped over timber – one monkey removed plug from beam – tail was caught in crevice – cried and died at last – moral: Mischievous deeds – dangerous.
Answer:
Once a carpenter was working under the shadow of a tree. Daily he used to cut the wood into small pieces. He made many windows, doors and other furniture.
One day while he was cutting a beam with a saw, he put a small plug in it. He went home for food at mid-day. Meanwhile some monkeys came down from the tree. They ran here and  there and jumped over the timber. One of the monkeys removed the plug from the beam. Its tail was caught in the crevice. It cried and cried and died at last.
Moral: Mischievous deeds are dangerous.

2. Write a story using the. hints given below.
A farmer – lived in village – brought up goose – gave him – a golden egg – every day – sold golden eggs – became rich – thought – many golden eggs – in the stomach – killed the goose – could not get more than one golden egg – felt sorry for his greed.
Answer:
Once there lived a farmer in a certain village. He brought up a goose. Everyday it gave him a golden egg. The farmer sold the golden eggs and soon became rich. One day an idea struck in his mind. He thought that there would be many golden eggs in the stomach of the goose. So he killed the goose. He searched the dead body for golden eggs. He could not get more than one golden egg. He felt sorry for his greed.
Moral: Avarice causes sorrow.

3. Write a story Using the following hints.
A clever thief – Veerappa robs the rich – gives all to the sick and the needy – other thieves jealous – plan to get rid of him – challenge Veerappa to steal the king’s pyjamas – Veerappa accepts challenge – dressed like a soldier – finds king sleeping – opens a bottle of red ants on the bed – king badly bitten – king cries for help – servants rush in – king pretends to look for ants – Veerappa – removes king’s trousers – escapes – other thieves shocked – accept Veerappa – their leader.
Answer:
Once there was a clever thief Veerappa. He robs the rich and gives all the money to the sick and the needy. Other thieves are jealous of him. They plan to get rid of him. They challenge Veerappa to steal the king’s pyjamas. Veerappa accepts the challenge.
He dresses himself like a soldier and enters the palace. He finds the king sleeping. He opens a bottle of red ants on the king’s bed. The king is badly bitten and cries for help. Servants come rushing in. The king pretends to look for ants. Veerappa removes the king’s pyjamas and escapes from there.
Other thieves who challenged him are shocked. They accept Veerappa as their leader.

4. You are suffering from severe headache. You are not able to sit in the class. You did not take lunch because of this. You want to leave early to take rest.
Now, write a letter to your Class teacher and request permission for leaving early. Explain the reasons for requesting permission.
Answer:
To
The Class Teacher,
Class VII, A/S,
Municipal Boys High School,
Tenali.

Respected Sir,
I am suffering from severe headache. I am not able to sit in the class. I did not take lunch because of this bad headache. I want to take rest by leaving early.
Hence I request you to grant me leave for a half day (the post lunch session of today). Thanking you sir,

Yours obediently,
x x x x x
Roll No: 23,
Class VII, A/S.

Vocabulary

Read the following paragraph and write the synonyms of the underlined words choosing the words from the words given in the box.
1.

I see that you mean, and here I agree with you. The Indian generals are still following old methods (a) of warfare (b). Their battle (c) plans are faulty (d) and they depend too much upon their elephants.
Answer:
a) ways
b) activity of fighting a war
c) war
d) defective

2.

First general: He was badly (a) injured (b) himself.
Second general: That’s why we were able to capture (c) him.
Alexander: Oh! He is a brave (d) man and a great soldier. I wish he were one of my generals.
Answer:
a) in a bad way
b) hurt
c) arrest
d) courageous

3.

Alexander: A soldier is not a soldier if he is not proud. I am not angry with him at all. He was not frightened (a) by the news of my victories (b) and refused (c) to bow (d) before me.
First general: He will be brought to Your Majesty soon. Let us see how he behaves.
Alexander: I’m sure he will not behave like a coward (e).
Answer:
a) afraid
b) win
c) declined
d) obey
e) timid

4.

Alexander: All right. Are you sorry for the mistake (a) you made, Puru?
Puru: I made no mistake, sir.
Alexander: Didn’t you reject (b) my proposal (c)?
Puru: I did. I refused to be your vassal (d).
Answer:
a) a wrong doing
b) disagree
c) suggestion
d) a subordinate king

5.

First general: (softly (a) to the second General) He is, indeed (b), a very proud man.
Alexander: Don’t you realize (c) that you are my prisoner?
Puru: I do, but that doesn’t make any difference to me. I’m still the lawful (d) king of my country.
Answer:
a) quietly
b) realty
c) understand
d) legitimate

6.

If you mean they are as brave (a) as the Greek Generals, I agree (b) with you.
Answer:
a) noble
b) accept

Read the following paragraph and write the antonyms of the underlined words.

1. Third general: I’ve never (a) fought such a battle before.
Fourth general: I haven’t either. Until the (b) moment, I couldn’t believe that we would be able to defeat (c) the army of Puru.
Alexander: Yes, it has been a great (d) battle.
Answer:
a) always
b) first
c) win
d) small

2. Second general: But their generals aren’t so good (a) as ours.
Alexander: If you mean they aren’t so brave (b) as the Greek generals, I don’t agree (c) with you.
Second general: But they aren’t very skilful (d), Your Highness.
Answer:
a) bad
b) timid
c) refuse
d) unskillful

3. Alexander: The Indian generals are still following the old (a) methods of warfare.
Their battle plans are faulty (b) and they depend too much upon their elephants. But as fighters they are wonderful. I have the highest (c) respect (d) for them.
Answer:
a) new
b) correct
c) lowest
d) disrespect

4. Alexander: A soldier is not a soldier if he is not proud (a). I’m not angry (b) with him at all. He was not frightened (c) by the news of my victories (d) and refused to bow before me.
Answer:
a) humble
b) calm
c) comforted
d) defeats

5. Alexander: Didn’t you reject (a) my proposal?
Puru: I did. I refused (b) to be your vassal.
Alexander: Do you know that many kings have gladly (c) agreed to be my vassals?
Puru: I know that, and I also know that none of them is Puru.
First general: (softly (d) to the second General) He is, indeed, a very proud man.
Answer:
a) accept
b) agreed
c) sadly
d) loudly

6. Puru: I do, but that doesn’t make any difference (a) to me. I’m still the lawful (b) king of my country.
Alexander: How shall L treat you?
Puru: As a king should treat another king.
Alexander: Puru, you are a brave man. I’m pleased (c) with you. I want to make friends with you. Will you be a friend (d) to me?
Answer:
a) similarity
b) illegitimate
c) displeased
d) enemy

7. Puru you are a brave (a) man. I am pleased (b) with you.
Answer:
a) timid
b) displeased

Fill in the blanks with the right forms of the words given in brackets.

1. Second general: But they aren’t very ___________ (a) (skilful/skilfully). Your Highness.
Alexander: I see what you mean, and here I agree with you. The ___________ (b) (Indian/India) generals are still following the old methods of warfare. Their battle plans are ___________ (c) (fault/faulty) and they depend too much upon their elephants. But as fighters they are ___________ (d) (wonder/wonderful). I have the highest respect for them.
Answer:
a) skilful
b) Indian
c) faulty
d) wonderful

2. Alexander: Didn’t you reject my __________ (a) (proposal/propose)?
Puru: I did. I refused to be your vassal.
Alexander: Do you know that many kings have ___________ (b) (gladly/glad) agreed to be my vassals?
Puru: I know that, and I also know that none of (c) (they/them) is Puru.
First general ___________ (d) ((soft/softly) to the second General) He is, indeed, a very proud man.
Answer:
a) proposal
b) gladly
c) them
d) softly

3. One day as Siew Mei was returning home, it started to ___________ (a) (rain/raining) ___________ (b) (heavy/heavily). It was getting dark, too. Siew Mei ran into the first hut she saw. The door was ___________ (c) (open/opened) and there was no one inside. Is anybody in?” she called ___________ (d) (loud/loudly), again and again. But there was no reply.
Answer:
a) rain
b) heavily
c) open
d) loudly

4. Alexander: Don’t you ____________ (a) (realize/realization) that you are my prisoner?
Puru: I do, but that doesn’t make any ___________ (b) (different/difference) to me.
I’m still the lawful king of my country.
Answer:
a) realize
b) difference

a) Complete the following words using ai, au, ea, ee, ei, ie, oo, ou, ua, ue.

1. I could (a) bel _ _ ve that we would be able to (b) def _ _ t the army of Puru.
2. I must say every Indian (a) sold _ _ r (b) f _ _ ght like a tiger.
3. Their battle plans are (a) f _ _ lty and they depend too much upon th _ _ r elephants.
4. He (a) contin _ _ d to fight even when others had left the (b) f _ _ ld.
5. He will be (a) br _ _ ght to Your Majesty (b) s _ _ n.
6. Has he(a) b _ _ n put in (b) ch _ _ ns?
7. Puru joins the palms of his hands and raises them to his (a) foreh _ _ d to return the (b) gr _ _ ting.
8. He is, (a) ind _ _ d, a very (b) pr _ _ d man.
9. I’m (a) pl _ _ sed with you. I want to make (b) fr _ _ nds with you.
10. My kingdom should (a) rem _ _ n independent and you should treat me as your (b) eq _ _ l.
11. Third General: I’ve never f _ _ ght (a) such a battle before.
Fourth General: I haven’t _ _ ther (b). Until the last moment. I couldn’t believe that we would be able to defeat the army of Puru.
Answer:
1. a) believe b) defeat
2. a) soldier b) fought
3. a) faulty b) their
4. a) continued b) field
5. a) brought b) soon
6. a) been b) chains
7. a) forehead b) greeting
8. a) indeed b) proud
9. a) pleased b) friends
10. a) remain b) equal
11. a) fought b) either

b) Complete the words with the correct suffixes given in brackets.

1. But as (a) fight…… (ers/ors) they are (b) wonder…… (full/ful).
2. He was not (a) fright …… (end/ened) by the news of my (b) victo …… (rys/ries).
3. I do, but that doesn’t make any (a) differ…… (ence/ance) to me. I’m still the (b)…… law (full/ful) king of my country.
4. My (a) king…… (dam/dom) should remain (b) indepen…… (dent/dant).
5. (a) Didn’t you reject my propo…… (sel/sal)?
(b) I’m proud of your friend…… (ship/sheep).
6. Alexander: What is that (a) condi …… (tion/sion)?
Puru: My kingdom should remain (b) independ ……(ant/ent) and you should treat me as your equal.
Answer:
1. a) fighters b) wonderful
2. a) frightened b) victories
3. a) difference b) lawful
4. a) kingdom b) independent
5. a) proposal b) friendship
6. a) condition b) independent

c) Find the wrongly spelt word and write the correct spelling.
i) driver; teacher; preacher; warrier
ii) general; conquer; solder; history
iii) batil; world; moment; defeat
iv) careful; wonderful; beautiful; skilfull
v) dependent; confident; resident; elephent
vi) coward; capture; victory; proposel
vii) prisoner; soldier; collecter; wonder
viii) raise; praise; surpraise; paise
ix) soldier; honour; haspital; music
x) proposel; respect; great; people
Answer:
i) warrior
ii) soldier
iii) battle
iv) skilful
v) elephant
vi) proposal
vii) collector
viii) surprise
ix) hospital
x) proposal

Put the following words under correct headings.

A.

Answer:

B.

Answer:

C.

Answer:

D.

Answer:

E.

Answer:

A) Write meaningful sentences using the words given below.
i) never:
ii) either:
iii) perhaps:
iv) every:
v) many more:
vi) wish:
vii) indeed:
viii) still:
Answer:
i) My friend Ravi never tells lies.
ii) There is a door at either end of the corridor.
iii) Perhaps you are going home.
iv) Our principal knows every student in school.
v) One is not enough. I want many more.
vi) I wish I had wings.
vii) It is indeed a remarkable achievement.
viii) They began quarrelling early in the morning, it is 12 noon. Still they are quarrelling.

B) Look at the following words from the text:
1. independent 2. difference
The word ‘precaution’ consists of two parts – ‘in-’ and ‘dependent’ (prefix + root).
The word ‘dangerous’ consists of two parts ‘differ’ and ‘-ence’ (root + suffix).
1. Add appropriate prefixes/suffixes to the following roots to make new words. The first one is done for you.

Answer:

2. Add appropriate suffixes (-dom, -ry, -ous, -ness) to the following root words to make new words.
(One is done for you as an example)

Answer:

3. Add appropriate suffixes (-ment, -ful, -ly, -ry, -ous, -ness) to the following root words to make new words.
(One is done for you as an example)

Answer:

C) Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with suitable forms (after adding a prefix/suffix) of the words in brackets.

1. He was acting in a very ________________ way. (child).
2. This word is very difficult to spell, and even worse, its ________________. (pronounce)
3. You shouldn’t have done that! it was very _________________ of you. (think)
4. He didn’t pass his exam. He was ___________ in the second attempt. (succeed)
5. Some of the Indian cities are dreadfully __________________. (crowd)
6. The team won the ________________. (champion)
7. There is a very high ________________ that they will be late. (likely)
8. I couldn’t find any ________________ in his theory. (weak)
9. There was a three-hour __________________ because of the strike. (stop)
10. You need a motivation, organizatiòn and revision to learn ________________ English. (combine)
Answer:
1) childish
2) pronunication
3) ill thinking
4) successful
5) crowdy
6) championship
7) likelihood
8) weakness
9) stoppage
10) combination

Grammar

1. Edit the following passage correcting the underlined parts.

1. Tigers lives (a) in different parts of Asia and Siberia. The tiger or (b) the lion are the biggest animals in the cat family. An (c) male tiger is about 10 feet long. Their (d) coat is yellow and black.
2. Around the earth there was (a) atmosphere who (b) is like a rind round the (c) fruit. It is made up of oxygen, nitrogen, water vapour or (d) a number of other gases.
3. In a village there lived a boy and his mother. There (a) are (b) very poor. The boy collected wood in (c) the forest and sold it. He cuts (d) down small trees also.
4. The Banyan tree is possibly a (a) biggest and friendliest of all our trees. We did (b) not see many banyan trees in our cities nowadays. This (c) trees require plenty of trees for (d) spread themselves.
5. Once there was (a) an eagle and a (b) owl in a forest. They are (c) good friends. The eagle eats the young ones of all birds of (d) the forest.
6. One day an (a) merchant and his son went to a town to buy a new car. They pay (b) a huge amount but (c) bought a beautiful black car. Then they both came to there (d) village in that car.
Answer:
1. a) live b) and c) A d) Its
2. a) is b) which c) a d) and
3. a) They b) were c) from d) cut
4. a) the b) do c) These d) to
5. a) were b) an c) were d) in
6. a) a b) paid c) and d) their

2. Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the correct options given against the number of blanks.

1. Every Sunday Daniel and his family ________ (1) to the beach. They live far ________ (2) the beach. _________ (3) once a week the family gets into the car and Daniel’s father sleeps for hours _________ (4) they reach the beach.
1) A) goes B) went C) go D) going
2) A) away B) from C) to D) of
3) A) and B) but C) or D) yet
4) A) till B) to C) until D) up to
Answer:
1-C; 2-B; 3-B; 4-C

2. Mahatma Gandhi freed India from ________ (1) British Empire. He did not ________ (2) the British _________ (3) guns _________ (4) he loved all people.
1) A) a B) an C) the D) some
2) A) fight B) fought C) fighted D) fighting
3) A) from B) by C) with D) on
4) A) so B) because C) why D) for
Answer:
1-C; 2-A; 3-C; 4-B

3. Of all ________ (1) creatures, butterflies are perhaps ________ (2) most beautiful. They have such brightly _________ (3) wings. If you look at the wings ________ (4) a magnifying glass, you will see that they are covered by tiny scales.
1) A) fly B) flying C) flew D) flown
2) A) a B) an C) the D) some
3) A) colour B) colours C) coloured D) colouring
4) A) from B) in C) into D) through
Answer:
1-B; 2-C; 3-C; 4-D

4. Atmosphere makes _________ (1) earth a planet of life. It _________ (2) us with the air to breathe, protects _________ (3) from dangerous solar rays _________ (4) saves us from the extremes of heat and cold.
1) A) a B) an C) the D) that
2) A) supply B) supplies C) supplied D) supplying
3) A) we B) us C) our D) ours
4) A) but B) and C) or D) yet
Answer:
1-C; 2-B; 3-B; 4-B

5. When Sita was a small girl she knew _________ (1) it was like to be cold _________ (2) hungry. Her parents ________ (3) very poor. On some days there would be no food in the house _________ (4) them and children.
1) A) that B) what C) which D) who
2) A) or B) but C) and D) yet
3) A) are B) was C) were D) is
4) A)to B)for C)from D)on
Answer:
1-B; 2-C; 3-C; 4-B

6. A farmer had two sons. The first son used to _______ (1) in the fields and spent a lot of time with ___________ (2) father. The second son __________ (3) a business in a town. He earned a _________ (4) of money than he should.
1. A) works B) worked C) work D) working
2. A) his B) he C) himself D) him
3. A) was run B) running C) will run D) was running
4. A) much B) lot C) many D) more
Answer:
1-C; 2-A; 3-D; 4-B

A. Write the other degrees of the following adjectives/adverbs.

Answer:

B. Choose the right answers.
Read the following sentences and say what they mean. Choose the right answer from the choices given.
1. Can I see the manager? ( )
(a) making a suggestion
(b) seeking permission
(c) making a request
Answer:
(b) seeking permission

2. You can go now. ( )
(a) giving advice
(b) giving permission
(c) expressing possibility
Answer:
(b) giving permission

3. Can I help you? ( )
(a) seeking permission
(b) asking for help
(c) offering help
Answer:
(c) offering help

4. Could I give you a cup of coffee? ( )
(a) making an offer
(b) seeking permission
(c) asking a question
Answer:
(a) making an offer

5. Wasn’t it very kind of you? ( )
(a) suggesting
(b) congratulating
(c) thanking
Answer:
(c) thanking

D. Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of the verbs given in brackets.

1. She usually ______________ (wear) Punjabi dress, but today she ______________ (wear) jeans.
2. He usually ______________ (wear) shoes, but today he ______________ (wear) sandals.
3. She always _______________ (tell) lies.
4. He always ______________ (come) late to school.
5. He never ______________ (sing) songs.
6. Sometimes the wind _______________ (blow) very fast.
7. He often ______________ (go) to pictures.
8. She rarely ______________ (eat) meat.
9. My father ______________ (read) newspaper daily.
10. They ______________ (visit) Ooty every year.
Answer:
1) wears, is wearing
2) wear, is wearing
3) tells
4) comes
5) sings
6) blows
7) goes
8) eats
9) reads
10) visit

E. i) Now fill in the blanks in the following paragraph with ‘should’ or ‘must’.
I …..(1)….. say that you …..(2)….. come to school regularly because you cannot miss important lessons. You …..(3)….. attend extra classes in time tomorrow. Otherwise I will punish you. You …..(4)….. return my book which I gave you a month ago. You …..(5)….. change your habits otherwise you will not come up in life.
Answer:
1) should; 2) must; 3) must; 4) must; 5) should

ii) Now read the conversation between a doctor and a patient and fill in the blanks with should (should not) and must(must not).
Doctor: Mr. Rao, what exactly is your problem?
Patient: I’ve been suffering from gastric problem for a long time.
Doctor: Mr. Rao, I …..(1)….. say you …..(2)….. eat non-vegetarian or spicy food for some time.
Patient: Can I eat boiled eggs or omelettes, doctor?
Doctor: Isn’t an egg non-vegetarian? You …..(3)….. eat any non vegetarian food for quite some time. In fact, you …..(4)….. have stopped eating it long ago. You ….(5)….. consult me in a week.
Patient: I am sorry, doctor. I won’t eat non-vegetarian food any longer. You are quite correct, doctor. I …..(6)….. take youe advice and …..(7)….. avoid eating non-vegetarian and spicy food. Thank you very much, doctor.
Doctor: Yor are welcome. I think you …..(8)….. remember my advice.
Answer:
1) should; 2) must not; 3) must not; 4) should; 5) should; 6) should; 7) must; 8) should

F. Change the following sentences into other forms of comparison as indicated in brackets.
1. Rahul Dravid is one of the greatest batsmen in the world, (comparative degree)
2. Alexander was the greatest soldier in the world.( positive degree)
3. India is one of the fastest developing countries in the world. (comparative degree)
4. No other river in the world is so long as the Nile. (superlative degree)
5. Hindi is one of the most popular languages in India. (positive degree)
6. Lara is not so great as Tendulkar. (comparative degree)
7. Rekha is one of the most beautiful girls in the class. (positive degree)
8. Very few metals are as expensive as platinum. (comparative degree)
9. Shimla is colder than all other hill stations in the Himachal Pradesh. (superlative degree)
10. Delhi is one of the most crowded cities of India. (positive degree)
Answer:
1) Rahul Dravid is greater than most other batsmen in the world.
2) No other soldier in the world is so great as Alexander.
3) India is faster developing than most other countries in the world.
4) The Nile is the longest river in the world.
5) Very few languages in India are as popular as Hindi.
6) Tendulkar is greater than Lara.
7) Very few girls in the class are as beautiful as Rekha.
8) Platinum is more expensive than most other metals.
9) Shimla is the coldest of all the hill stations in the Himachal Pradesh,
10) Very few cities in India are as crowded as Delhi.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 2 Acids and Bases

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Important Questions 2nd Lesson Acids and Bases

7th Class Science 2nd Lesson Acids and Bases Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write the names of food substances that you know in the appropriate column, based on their taste.
Answer:

Question 2.
Take solutions of some juices of fruits, vegetables, cold drinks and various solutions and test them with blue and red litmus papers. List out results in the table, by marking (S) in the relevant column.
Answer:

Question 3.
How are hydroxides prepared? What is their nature?
Answer:

1. Oxides of Magnesium when dissolved in water form Magnesium Hydroxide.
2. Similarly oxides of Potassium and Sodium form Potassium Hydroxide and Sodium Hydroxide when dissolved in water.
3. All these are basic in nature.
4. They would be soapy when touched.

Question 4.
Classify the substances given in the table under question 2 into the following categories. Acidic substances, Basic substances, and Neutral substances.
Answer:

Question 5.
When do you get a neutral solution from acids and bases?
Answer:
When acids and bases are mixed in definite proportions they give a neutral solution.

Question 6.
How are salts produced? Give an example.
Answer:

1. We have seen in the process of neutralization, both the acidic and the basic qualities are destroyed.
2. Actually when an acid and a base are mixed, a chemical reaction takes place and salts are produced.
3. For example by neutralizing Hydrochloric acid solution with Caustic soda (Sodium Hydroxide) solution, a salt Sodium Chloride is produced.
4. Production of salt depends on the quantity of acid and base by proportion in a very specific manner.

Question 7.
Write the uses of acids, bases and salts.
Answer:

Question 8.
What are indicators? How are they useful?
Answer:

1. The paper strips like litmus paper strips change colour based on the nature of the material put on them.
2. These are all indicators.
3. They tell us whether a substance is acidic or basic.
4. They are used extensively in studying substances and their properties.

Question 9.
Are there any acids apart from natural acids? What are they?
Answer:
Apart from natural acids, there are certain acids like Hydrochloric acid, Sulphuric acid and Nitric acid etc., that are prepared from minerals.

Question 10.
You might have touched soap water or lime water. How do you feel? What is your conclusion?
Answer:

1. When I have touched soap water and lime water, they are soapy to touch.
2. These substances are basic in nature.

Question 11.
Who discovered Hydrogen? What is its colour?
Answer:

1. Henry Cavendish, an Italian Scientist.
2. He discovered a colourless gas called Hydrogen.

Question 12.
Write the properties of acids and bases from your observations with the experiments done by you.
Answer:

Question 13.
Are all neutral solutions salts? Give examples.
Answer:

1. All neutral solutions are not salt solutions.
2. Sugar or Starches are neutral but they are not salts.

Question 14.
How do you draw a red flower using indicators to get the desired colour?
Answer:

1. We should take some turmeric powder. Add a bit of water to it and prepare turmeric paste.
2. We should rub the turmeric paste on a white paper.
3. And draw a flower on that paper with a pencil.
   
4. Colour the flower with soap water using a brush.
5. We notice that the colour of the flower changes to red.
6. Similarly take some lime water.
7. Add a few drops of it on a piece of turmeric paper.
8. The colour changes to red.

Question 15.
Turmeric paper is a natural indicator, along with turmeric indicator paper, we can also prepare other natural indicators mentioned in the table below. Carry on tests and note your observations.
Answer:

Question 16.
How can you prepare a base by doing a simple experiment?
Answer:

1. We should burn a small piece of Magnesium ribbon by holding it with tongs.
2. Collect the white ash and dissolve it in a little water.
   
3. Touch the solutions formed and test this solution with blue litmus and red litmus.
4. This solution turns red litmus blue.
5. Oxides of Magnesium when dissolved in water form Magnesium Hydroxide.
6. Magnesium Hydroxide is a base.

Question 17.
Take the following substances and test them with Phenolphthalein and Methyl orange solutions. Draw a table and record your observations. Substances Orange, Tomatoes, Baking soda, Mineral water, Vinegar, Saltwater, Shampoo, Washing soda.
Answer:

Question 18.
What changes in colour take place in the indicators Phenolphthalein and Methyl Orange when you test with the following substances. Spirit, Saliva, Cucumber, Ridge gourd, Kheera, Buttermilk, Milk.
Answer:

Question 19.
Record your observations when you test the following substances with the indicators Phenolphthalein and Methyl Orange.
Substances: Cold drink, Lemon Juice, Grape Juice, Bathing soap, detergent soap, Lime water and Sugar.
Answer:

Question 20.
How can you prepare Hydrogen in the laboratory by a simple experiment? With which test do you confirm the presence of Hydrogen?
Answer:

1. Take a natural acid say lemon juice in six test tubes and add Copper, Zinc, Magnesium, Iron, Brass, Aluminium pieces to each one of the test tubes separately.
2. Note the observations.
3. Light a matchstick and introduce it into the test tubes.
4. The gas releasing catches fire with a sound.
5. This gas is Hydrogen. This is the test for the presence of Hydrogen.

Question 21.
How do you prepare carbondioxide? What substances do you need for its preparation? How is it tested?
Answer:
Preparation of carbondioxide:

1. Take lemon juice in two test tubes and add some pieces of marble to one test tube and egg shells to another.
2. Bring a burning match stick near the test tube.
   
3. The flame of the burning match stick is put off.
4. This is due to release of carbon dioxide gas.
5. Pass the gas into lime water. Lime water turns milky white.
6. This is the test for carbondioxide.
   
7. Lemon juice and pieces of marble or egg shells are the substances needed for the preparation of carbondioxide.

Question 22.
When is the solution made by mixing an acid and a base, a neutral solution? Describe a small activity.
Answer:

1. Take a clean test tube using a clean dropper and put 10 drops of Hydrochloric acid carefully in it and also add 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution.
2. The solution becomes colourless as the indicator phenolphthalein is colourless in acidic medium.
3. Now add Caustic soda solution (whose concentration is equal to Hydrochloric acid) drop by drop to the test tube.
   
4. After each drop shake the test tube well and see if there is any change in the colour of the solution.
5. Keep adding the Caustic soda drop by drop until the colour begins to turn pink.
6. Now the test tube has basic solution.
7. Add one drop of Hydrochloric acid and see if it changes back to its original (colourless) state.
8. If not, then add one more drop of Hydrochloric acid.
9. Keep doing this until the solution in the test tube becomes colourless again.
10. Now the solution in the test tube is neutral. It can be tested with litmus paper.

Question 23.
What are your conclusions from the experiment done in the above question no. 9?
Answer:

1. On the basis of the experiment done above, we can conclude that adding excess of base to acidic solution we can turn acidic solution into basic solution.
2. If we are given basic solution we can similarly convert it into acidic solution.
3. In the above experiment, if we add excess of base (caustic soda) to acidic solution it converts into a base.
4. Similarly we can change base into an acid.

Question 24.
Test the following salt substances with red litmus and blue litmus papers. Record your observations in the table.
Answer:

Question 25.
Collect some salt substances with the help of your teacher. Make their salt solutions. Test the salt solutions with blue litmus and red litmus papers. Classify these salts and record your observations in the table.
Answer:

Question 26.
What acids are present in the following substances? Collect the information and write. Substances: Vinegar, Lemon or orange, State cheese Buttered milk or curd, Spinach or Tomato.
Answer:

Question 27.
You are asked to find out the acids present in the substances, placed in front of you. Write the names of the acids present in them by collecting information from any source available to you.
Substances placed in front of you : Apples, Tea, Olive oil and fats.
Answer:

Question 28.
Grapes, Palm oil, Amla (emblica fruit) and Urine are put before you. You are asked to give the information about the acids that are present in those substances. Collect the information and record in a table.
Answer:

Question 29.
Write the names of some substances that contain bases that we use in our daily life.
Answer:

Question 30.
Methyl orange and Phenolphthalein are indicators. Collect the information about their colour change in Acid and Basic solutions.
Answer:
Methyl orange gives red colour with acids and yellow colour with bases. Phenol¬phthalein remains colourless in acidic solution while it turns pink in basic solution.

Question 31.
What sort of food do we eat?
Answer:

1. We eat food of different tastes.
2. The food will be a balanced diet.

Question 32.
What kind of tastes do food substances we eat have?
Answer:
Sweet, Sour, Bitter, Salty and Spicy tastes of food we eat.

Question 33.
Do you find any difference in the taste of a ripe and a raw fruit?
Answer:

1. Ripe fruit is sweet to eat.
2. Raw fruit is also sweet to eat but is hard relative to ripe fruit.

Question 34.
Do some substances change their taste when cooked?
Answer:
Some substances change their taste when cooked.

Question 35.
Add sugar to lemon juice. What change do you notice in the taste?
Answer:
The lemon juice becomes sweet to taste when sugar is added.

Question 36.
Is there any difference in the taste without sugar?
Answer:
Without sugar lemon juice will be sour to taste.

Question 37.
Do some substances change colour when added to other substances?
Answer:
Yes. Some substances change colour when added to other substances.

Question 38.
Have you observed any change when lime water is added to turmeric?
Answer:
When lime water is added to turmeric the colour changed to red.

Question 39.
What are indicators?
Answer:
Those substances that indicate a change in colour when some substances are added to them are known as indicators.

Question 40.
How do you prepare lime water? In what way is this useful to you in day to day life?
Answer:

1. Take half a beaker full of water. Add about 5 gm of lime that we apply to betel leaves.
2. Stir the beaker well and let it stand overnight.
3. Filter this solution the following day.
4. This filtrate is lime water. This solution should be transparent.
5. We use this filterate in our experiments.
6. Lime is used when we consume betel leaves.

Question 41.
You are given a substance. What do you do to identify it as an acid, a base or neutral in nature?
Answer:

1. The substance that turns blue litmus to red is acidic in nature.
2. The substance that is soapy to touch and turns red litmus to blue is basic in nature.
3. If the substance given did not change the colour of either blue or red litmus, then it is said to be neutral in nature.

Question 42.
Take things which are sour in taste and used as food. Eg. Curd, lemon juice. If you check these substances with blue and red litmus what happens?
Answer:

1. When a drop of curd is put on blue litmus paper the colour changed to red indicating the acidic nature of curd.
2. When a drop of lemon juice is put on the blue litmus paper, the colour of the paper changed to red indicating the acidic nature of lemon juice.

Question 43.
Why have you experienced a burning sensation when bitten by an ant?
Answer:

1. I have experienced a burning sensation when bitten by an ant.
2. The sensation is due to the presence of formic acid that the ant releases.

Question 44.
How is it possible to make-believe Blood comes out of a lemon?
Answer:

1. When a magician or a juggler cuts a lemon, blood flows out of it. Actually, he uses a knife dipped in Methyl Orange or hibiscus solution to cut the lemon.
   
2. When Methyl Orange is mixed with citric acid (lemon juice) it turns red.
3. But it is not blood.
4. In many of our places we find people doing this and presenting it as magic.

Question 43.
Why are the inner sides of vessels made up of brass and copper coated?
Answer:

1. When some substances are kept in a copper container for a long time then a blue-green layer is formed in the inner walls of the container.
2. Copper reacts with the acids present in the substances and forms a blue-green compound.
3. To avoid this reaction the inner walls of these vessels are coated with Tin.

Question 44.
Why are pickles, jams, jellies preserved in glass, porcelain and plastic containers?
Answer:

1. The acidic or basic nature of the substances pickles, jams, jellies react with the material of the containers if they are preserved in metallic containers.
2. These corrode the metal of the container.
3. To avoid this these are preserved in glass, porcelain or plastic containers.
4. The material of these containers do not react with the substances preserved.

Question 45.
Ravi said that acid rains are causing damage. Do you agree with his statement?
What are acid rains? Where do you witness such rains in our state?
Answer:
Yes. I agree with his statement because

1. Acid rains are the combination of Carbonic acid, Sulphuric acid and Nitric acid with rain water.
   
2. Acid rains cause damage to buildings and to our skin.
3. Industrial waste gases contain Sulphur dioxide,
   Nitrogen Oxide, Carbon dioxide.
4. When they get mixed with moisture they change to acids.
5. Acid rains are also witnessed in our State in the Visakhapatnam district.

Question 46.
You are given Hydrochloric acid. How can you make it into a solution which is neither acidic nor basic?
Answer:

1. 10 drops of Hydrochloric acid is taken in a clean test tube.
2. A drop of methyl orange indicator input is that acid in the test tube.
3. The colour of the solution becomes red due to the indicator.
4. With the help of a dropper carefully drop drops of caustic soda into the test tube and shake it.
5. When an additional drop is put in the solution, the colour changes to yellow, indicating that the solution becomes a base.
6. If we add only one drop of Hydrochloric acid in the test tube, the colour of the solution almost disappears indicating that the solution in the test tube is neutral.

Question 47.
You are asked to make the given caustic soda solution into neither acidic nor basic. What would you do?
Answer:

1. In a clean test tube 10 drops of caustic soda solution is taken.
2. One drop of Methyl orange indicator is added to it.
3. The solution turns to yellow colour indicating that the solution is basic in nature.
4. With the help of a dropper drops of hydrochloric acid are added to the solution in the test tube.
5. By the drop of a drop of Hydrochloric acid in the process, the yellow colour of the solution disappears.
6. The solution in the test tube is now neutral in nature.

Question 48.
Why is the use of natural organic manure becoming more preferred?
Answer:

1. In recent years the use of chemical fertilizers has increased.
2. Though the use of chemical fertilizers increases production it changes the nature of the soil.
3. Some fertilizers increase the acidity of the soil and some its basicity.
4. Thus use of natural organic manure is becoming more preferred these days.

Question 49.
Why is our sweat like salt?
Answer:

1. Our body needs many types of salts.
2. We lose some salts through excretion.
3. So sweat is salty.

Question 50.
Charitha sprinkled lime water on turmeric idol. It turned into red colour. Guess and write the reasons.
Answer:
Turmeric is a natural indicator. When we sprinkle lime water (calcium hydroxide) which is a base, turmeric indicates red colour in the basic medium.

Question 51.
If Hibiscus, Turmeric, Rose petals are given to you, mention the use of the above materials for investigating Acids and Bases in the school lab. MiiKiitaa
Answer:
Rose, turmeric and hibiscus are natural indicators. Hence, we can use them to identify the chemical nature of different substances.

Question 52.
a) You have tested the following materials with litmus paper. Fill the table according to that and answer the following questions.

b) In the above table
Acids are: ……………….
Bases are: ……………….
Neutral solutions are: ……………….
Answer:

From the above table
The Acids are – Lemon juice, Grape juice and Orange.
The Bases are – Lime water, Soap water.
The Neutral solutions are – Milk, Sugar solution and Salt water.

Question 53.
Read the following table and answer the questions.

i) Which substances will change blue litmus to red?
ii) Which substances will change red litmus to blue?
iii) Which substances will not be affected by blue litmus or red litmus?
iv)What kind of substances are litmus papers?
Answer:
i) Acids like orange juice, vinegar turn blue litmus red.
ii) Basic substances like baking soda solution turn red litmus blue.
iii) Sugar solution will not be affected by either red litmus or blue litmus.
iv) Litmus papers are called indicators.

Question 54.
Burn a small piece of Magnesium ribbon by holding it with tongs.

Collect the white ash formed and dissolve it in little water.
Test the solution formed with blue litmus and red litmus.
Now answer the the questions given below,
i) What is the aim of this experiment?
ii) Is the composition of the ash formed different from Magnesium ribbon? If so, how?
iii) What substance is formed when the ash is mixed with water?
iv) What inference can be made on the basis of this experiment?
Answer:
i) To test the effect of basic substances on red litmus paper.
ii) Yes, the substance formed after burning looks like ash.
iii) Magnesium Hydroxide.
iv) Basic substances (or) Magnesium Hydroxide.

Question 55.
Observe the experiment and answer the following questions.
Mix a spoon of vinegar and a pinch of baking soda in a test tube. Pass the gas that is released into another test tube containing lime water as shown here.
i) What is the aim of this experiment?
ii) Name the apparatus used to conduct this experiment.
iii) Name the gas released in the test tube that on mixing vinegar with baking soda.
iv) What is the change observed in the lime water on passing the gas?
Answer:
i) Test tubes, rubber cork, delivery tube.
ii) Vinegar, baking soda, water, lime water.
iii) Carbon dioxide.
iv) Lime water turns milky.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 12 Data Handling Ex 12.2 Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Maths Solutions 12th Lesson Data Handling Ex 12.2

Question 1.
The number of wrist watches as manufactured by a factory in a week are as fallows.

Represent the data using a pictograph. Choose a suitable scale.
Solution:
GCD of the given numbers is 25.
So, Scale : 1 watch symbol = 25 watches.

Note:
To represent 300 watches. \(\frac{300}{25}\) = 12 symbols.
To represent 350 watches, \(\frac{350}{25}\) = 14 symbols.
To represent 250 watches, \(\frac{250}{25}\) = 10 symbols.
To represent 400 watches, \(\frac{400}{25}\) = 16 symbols.
To represent 400 watches, \(\frac{300}{25}\) = 12 symbols.
To represent 400 watches, \(\frac{275}{25}\) = 11 symbols.

Question 2.
Votes polled for various candidates in a Sarpanch election are shown below, against their symbols in the following table.

Represent the data using a pictograph. Choose a suitable scale. Answer the following questions:
(i) Which symbol got least votes?
(ii) Which symbol candidate won in the election?
Solution:
GCD or HCF of the given numbers is 50.
So, scale : 1 symbol : 50 votes
To represent 400 votes, \(\frac{400}{50}\) = 8 symbols of Sun.
To represent 550 votes, \(\frac{550}{50}\)= 11 symbols of Pot.
To represent 350 votes, \(\frac{350}{50}\)= 7 symbols of Tree.
To represent 200 votes, \(\frac{200}{50}\) = 4 symbols of Watch

i) Watch symbol got least votes than the other.
ii) Among all symbols pot symbol got more votes that is 550. So, Pot symbol candidate won in the election.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 12 Data Handling Ex 12.1 Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Maths Solutions 12th Lesson Data Handling Ex 12.1

Question 1.
The favourite colours of 25 students in a class are given below:
Blue, Red, Green, White, Blue, Green, White, Red, Orange, Green, Blue, White, Blue, Orange, Blue, Blue, White, Red, White, White, Red, Green, Blue, Blue, White. Write a frequency distribution table using tally marks for the data. Which is the east favourite colour for the students?
Solution:

From the above distribution table least favourite colour is Orange. Because, less number of students liked Orange colour.

Question 2.
A TV channel invited a SMS poll on ‘Ban of Liquor’ giving options :
A – Complete ban
B – Partial ban
C – Continue sales
They received the following SMS, in the first hour.

Represent the data in a frequency distribution table using tally marks.
Solution:

Question 3.
Vehicles that crossed a checkpost between 10 AM and 11 AM are as follows:
car, lorry, bus, lorry, auto, lorry, lorry, bus, auto, bike, bus, lorry, lorry, jeep, lorry, bus, jeep, car, bike, bus, car, lorry, bus, lorry, bus, bike, car, jeep, bus, lorry, lorry, bus, car, car, bike, auto.
Represent the data in a frequency distribution table using tally marks.
Solution:

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Seed Dispersal Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Solutions 13th Lesson Seed Dispersal

7th Class Science 13th Lesson Seed Dispersal Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
What happens if seeds are not dispersed?
Answer:

1. Seeds dispersal is essential for the survival of plants.
2. If seeds are not dispersed, there will be competition with the mother plant for air, water and minerals.
3. Most of the seeds won’t germinate.
4. If seed dispersal is not there, we can’t see different plants in different areas.
5. If seed dispersal is not there, we can see only a few plants in our surroundings.

Question 2.
How are the seeds dispersed in caltropis?
Answer:

1. Caltropis seeds are dispersed through wind.
2. Caltropis seeds have light and hairy structure at one end.
3. They travel with wind and settle at a suitable place to germinate.

Question 3.
Why do most of the coconut trees grow along the seashore?
Answer:

1. Coconut fruit floats on water and moves from one place to another.
2. The outer covering of the coconut seed has empty spaces filled with air and are fibrous.
3. This is the reason for coconut fruit to float on water.
4. When the coconut fruit reaches ground it germinates there.
5. That’s why usually coconut trees grow along the seashores.

Question 4.
Do you find any relationship between the weight of the seeds and the dispersal mechanism? Discuss with suitable examples.
Answer:

1. I find relationship between the weight of the seeds and the dispersal mechanism.
2. For example: Seeds of caltropis.
   a) These are light and have hairy structure at one end.
   b) So they travel with wind and settle at a suitable place to germinate.
   c) Milkweed, cotton seeds etc., are all dispersed by wind.
3. Another example: coconut fruit
4. a) The outer covering of the seed has empty spaces filled with air and are fibrous.
   b) The coconut fruit floats in water and reaches the ground somewhere. There it germinates.
   c) Seeds of lotus is another example.
5. Another example: Neejn fruit.
   a) Birds like Bulbuls, Mynahs, crows eat the outer fleshy part gets digested in the food canal and the seed coats of them become tender.
   b) They are then dispersed to other places as bird droppings.
6. Similarly animals, Human beings carry the seeds to other places.

Question 5.
Ravali said “Dispersal of seed is very important in nature”. Is she correct? Why do you support her?
Answer:
Yes, It is correct I support her because

1. The seeds of a plant should be dispersed to different places for the plants of the – same species to be grown there.
2. As a result of this dispersal, there will not be competition for space, air and other nutrients between the mother plant and daughter plants.
3. Plants Of any species will not be populated at one particular place but will be distributed to different places.

Question 6.
Collect the information in the following table and discuss the reasons.
Answer:

Question 7.
Some seeds like soap nuts have very hard shell? Why is it so?
Answer:

1. Soap nuts will be transported to different places by any means.
2. During the transport, the seed must be intact without any damage.
3. Some birds may swallow it and come out as a dropping on the way of their flight. It is in a very hard shell, the seed is not damaged.

Question 8.
Nowadays people want to eat sprouts. List out the reasons why they take sprouts as food.
Answer:

1. Sprouts contain many nutrients needed for human body.
2. Sprouts do not contain harmful contents that cause damage to the health of human beings.
3. Sprouts give not only energy but also health to human beings.
4. These are the main reasons for people to eat sprouts now-a-days.

Question 9.
Collect some seeds sow them in a particular place in your school garden. Observe how many days each type of seed takes to germinate. Tabulate your observations.
Answer:
The student can do it.

Question 10.
Collect Tadi seeds and make a model. Display them in your School.
Answer:
The student can do it with the help of the teacher.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Solutions 12th Lesson Reproduction in Plants

7th Class Science 12th Lesson Reproduction in Plants Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
Do all flowers have same parts? Give examples of some flowers and explain your answer.
Answer:

1. All flowers do not have the same parts.
2. The stamens are the male reproductive part and the Pistil is the female reproductive part..
3. The flowers which contain either only the pistil or only the stamens are called unisexual flowers.
   Eg: Corn, papaya, cucumber … etc.
4. The flowers which contain both stamens and pistil are called bisexual flowers.
   Eg: Mustard, rose, petunia …. etc.
5. A flower that has four or more whorls is called a complete flower.
   Eg: Datura, ipomea, Hibiscus … etc.
6. A flower in which any of these four whorls is missing is an incomplete flower.
   Eg: cucumber, bottle gourd, papaya.

Question 2.
Differentiate between
a. Bisexual flowers, Unisexual flowers.
b. Complete flower, incomplete flower.
c. Male flower, female flower.
d. Sexual reproduction, Asexual Reproduction.
e. Self pollination, Cross pollination.
Answer:
a)

1. Bisexual flowers: A flower that has both stamens and pistil is called bisexual flower.
   eg: Datura, hibiscus, ipomea etc.
2. Unisexual flowers: A flower which has either stamens or pistil is called unisexual flower.
   eg: Cucumber, bottlegourd, bittergourd etc.

b)

1. Complete flowers: A flower that has four or more whorls is called a complete flower.
   eg: Datura, ipomea, hibiscus… etc.
2. Incomplete flowers: A flower which has either stamens or pistil is called unisexual flower.
   eg: Cucumber, bottlegourd, bittergourd etc.

c)

1. Male flower: The flowers which has stamens (androecium) only are male flowers.
2. Female flower: The flowers which has pistil (gynoecium) only are female flowers.

d)

1. Sexual reproduction: New plants are obtained from seeds. New individual has characters of both the parents.
2. Asexual reproduction: Plants can give rise to new plants without seeds. Characters of the new individual are the same as that of the only parent.

e)

1. Self pollination: In self pollination pollen grains of the same flower reaches the stigma. No Agency is required.
2. Cross pollination: In cross pollination, the pollen grains of another flower either on same or other plant reaches the stigma. Agencies are required.

Question 3.
What happens when a pollen grain falls on a stigma?
Answer:

1. When a pollen grain falls on a stigma the pollen grain germinates and a pollen tube comes out.
2. The pollen tube grows and approaches through the style to ovary, carrying male ‘ gametes with it, where it enters the ovule.
3. Inside the ovule, there is a female gamete or egg.
4. The male gamete fuses with the female gamete.
5. This process is called fertilization.

Question 4.
What helps to bring pollen grains to the stigma?
Answer:
Agencies like water, wind, air, animals, humans and insects help to bring pollen grains to the stigma.

Question 5.
Explain the method of sexual reproduction in plants.
Answer:
Sexual reproduction in plants:

1. New plants are obtained from seeds.
2. Two parents are required to produced an individual.
3. Takes place with the help of specialised sex cells.
4. New individual has the characters of both the parents.

Question 6.
Can plants produce new plants even without seeds ? Explain the methods with examples.
Answer:

1. Plants can give rise to new plants without seeds.
2. The new individual comes from a single parent.
3. No sex cells are required.
4. Characters of the new individual are same as that of the only parent.
5. A potato has a number of small depressions on its surface. These are called eyes.
6. Cut the potato into pieces such that there is an eye in each piece, If it is put in a cup containing soil and water we find potato plants sprout.
7. We find baby plants on the edge of the leaves of the plant Bryophyllum.
8. We grow plants like rose, hibiscus and Jasmine by cutting a small branch and planting them in the soil.

Question 7.
Draw the diagram of any flower showing its parts.
Answer:

Question 8.
Do all plants reproduce in the same way? Explain with examples.
Answer:

1. All plants do not reproduce in the same way. Given below the plants and their parts which can reproduce.
2. Vegetative reproduction in some plants.
   

   Plant	Part of the plant
   Sweet potato, dahlia, carrot, turnip, radish	New plants grow from the modified root.
   Potato	New plants grow from eyes in the tuber which is a modified stem.
   Onion, garlic, tuberose, lilies, gladioli	New plants grow from bulbs, or corms (gladioli), which are modified stems.
   Bryophyllum (sprout leaf plant), begonia	New plants grow from buds on the leaf
   Sugarcane	Stem grows roots, at the nodes
   Mint, strawberry, chrysanthemum, raspberry	Stem creeps along the ground and strikes roots at the nodes.

Question 9.
Karthik saw a cucumber plant in the kitchen garden. He identified two types of flowers – some flowers had a small swollen structure behind them while some did not. He removed all the flowers which did not have the swollen structure behind them thinking that they were of no use.

• Which flowers did he remove?
• What are the flowers which had a small fruit behind them?

Answer:

1. Karthik removed all the male flowers which did not haye swollen structures.
2. He felt that these flowers were of no use.
3. Female flowers had a small fruit behind them..

Question 10.
What are the agents of pollination?
Answer:
Air, water, animals, insects, humans act as agents of pollination.

Question 11.
Differentiate between self pollination and cross pollination.
Answer:

Question 12.
Name the parts of the following plants from which they propogate vegetatively
a) Potato b) Bryophyllum
Answer:
a) Potato:

1. It has a number of small depressions on its surface. These are known as eyes.
2. Potato plants sprout through these eyes.

b) Bryophyllum: 1) on the edge of the leaves of Bryophyllum, the plant Bryophyllum reproduces.

Question 13.
What am I?
a) I am formed by the fusion of male and female parts.
b) I am a part of the plant that can travel a long distance and grow to a baby – plant.
Answer:
a) Zygote is formed by the fusion of male and female parts.
b) Seed.

Question 14.
Fill in the blanks.
a) Flowers containing both male and female parts are called ……….
b) Pollen grain from the anther of one flower that reaches the stigma of another flower is called ……….
c) From ………. part of Bryophyllum new plants are produced.
d) Agents of pollination are ……….
e) Transfer of pollen grain from anther to stigma is called ……….
Answer:
a) Bisexual flowers
b) Cross-Pollination
c) leaves
d) Air, water, animals, insects, humans
e) Pollination

Question 15.
Match the following.

Answer:

Question 16.
Observe the following figures. What difference do you observe? Write in your notebook.
(OR)
Look at the pitcure ‘a’ and ‘b’. Write the process of pollination seen in both.

Answer:

1. Fig a: This figure represents the self – pollination taking place.
2. Fig b: This figure represents the cross- pollination taking place.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 11 Perimeter and Area Unit Exercise Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Maths Solutions 11th Lesson Perimeter and Area Unit Exercise

Question 1
Find the area of the square whose perimeter is 48 cm.
Solution:
Given perimeter of the square = 4 x s = 48 cm
Divide with 4 on both sides, \(\frac{4 \times \mathrm{s}}{4}=\frac{48}{4}\)
side (s) = 12 cm
Area of the square A = s x s = 12 x 12 = 144 sq. cm

Question 2.
If the length of a rectangle is 14cm and its perimeter is 3 times of its length. Find its area.
Solution:
Given the length of a rectangle l = 14 cm
Breadth of a rectangle b = ? cm
Perimeter of the rectangle = 2(l + b) = 3 times of length.
2(14 + b) = 3 x 14
Divide with 2 on both sides,
\(\frac{2(14+b)}{2}=\frac{3 \times 14}{2}\)
14 + b = 21
Subtract with 14 on both sides.
14 + b – 14 = 21 – 14
Breadth b = 7cm
Area of the rectangle A = l x b = 14 x 7 = 98 sq.cm

Question 3.
Find circumference of the circle whose diameter is 14 cm.
Solution:
Given the diameter of circle d = 14 cm
Circumference of the circle C = π.d
\(\frac{22}{7}\) x 14 =44 cm

Question 4.
14cm and 12cm are the length and breadth of a rectangle. If the breadth is increased by 6cm and length is decreased by 6cm, find the difference in areas.
Sol. Given length of the rectanglel = 14 cm
Breadth of the rectangle b = 12 cm
Area of the rectangle A₁ = l x b
= 14 x 12 = 168 sq. cm
If length decreased by 6 cm, then length l = 14-6 = 8 cm
If breadth increased by 6cm, then breadth b = 12 + 6 = 18 cm
Then, the area of the rectangle A2 = l x b = 8 x 18 = 144 sq. cm
Difference of the areas = A₁ – A₂ = 168 – 144 = 24 sq. cm

Question 5.
Find the perimeter of the following figures. What did you observe?

Solution:
i) Perimeter =12 cm + 8cm + 12cm + 8 cm = 40 cm
ii) Perimeter = 3cm + 2cm + 3cm + 2cm + 3cm + 2cm + 3cm + 2cm + 12cm + 8 cm = 40 cm
iii) Perimeter = 5cm + 3cm + 2cm + 3cm + 5cm + 2cm + 5cm + 3cm + 2cm + 3cm + 5cm + 2cm = 40 cm
By observing the perimeters of the above figures perimeters are same for the different shaped figures.

Question 6.
A square sheet of 8cm side was taken and made into 64 equal small squares. Find the perimeter of square sheet and also find the sum of the perimeters of all 64 small squares. What did you observe?
Solution:
Side of the square sheet s = 8cm
Perimeter of the square sheet = 4 x s = 4 x 8 = 32 cm
Side of the small square = 1cm
Perimeter of each small square = 4 x side = 4 x 1 = 4 cm
Perimeter of 64 small squares = 4 x 64 = 256 cm.
By observing sum of perimeters of all 64 small squares = 8 x perimeter of all squares.