Class 8

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 3B The Selfish Giant Part 2 Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 3B The Selfish Giant Part 2

8th Class English Chapter 3B The Selfish Giant Part 2 Textbook Questions and Answers

Comprehension

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
How is the ‘child’ different from other children?
Answer:
The child is not an ordinary child. He is an angel who came from the heaven. He changed the attitude of the Giant. He took him to the heaven.

Question 2.
How does the narrator explain the idea of spring time? Pick out some expressions.
Answer:
Spring is season of new life and liveliness. When there was the spring in the garden, it was all beautiful with the singing of birds and flowers. When the spring didn’t come there, it was all cold and lifeless.
The expressions which explain the idea of spring time :

1. ‘The birds did not come to sing, and the trees forgot to blossom.” (when the spring did not come)
2. “I heard some lovely music.”
3. ‘The Hail has stopped dancing.”
4. ‘The North Wind has ceased roaring.” (ii to v expressions suggest the coming of the spring.)
5. “A delicious smell is coming from the window.”

Question 3.
What are the figurative expressions used in the play? List them and mention their significance.
Answer:
The figurative expressions used in the play are:
i) Simile: a) Here and there over the grass stood beautiful flowers like stars – flowers are compared to ‘stars’ using ‘like’.
ii) Personification :
a) The people who were pleased best were the Snow and the Frost.
b) Spring has forgotten this garden.
c) The snow covered up the grass with her great white cloak, and the Frost painted all the trees silver.
d) He roared all day about the garden and rejoiced in blowing the chimney-pots over.
e) The North Wind, and the Hail, and the Frost, and the snow danced about through the trees.
f) The Hail has stopped dancing. g) The North wind has ceased his roaring.
h) The flowers were looking up through the green grass and laughing.
i) It is merely the spring asleep.
j) The flowers are resting.
‘Snow’, ‘Frost’, ‘Spring’, ‘Hail’, ‘North Wind’ and Flowers are represented as human beings.
iii) Metaphor :
My garden shall be the children’s playground for ever and ever.
The word ‘garden’ is used to describe the word ‘playground.’

Question 4.
What is the central theme of the play?
Answer:
The two main themes of the play are ‘selfishness’ and ‘love’. People who are selfish don’t want to share their things with others. They want to keep everything for themselves. But when they do that, they find themselves all alone. The giant was selfish. He didn’t want to share his garden with the children. He sent them away. But when he sent them away, he was left with nothing but cold and frost. When he didn’t have selfishness, he was taken to the Paradise. Our lives are empty and lonely without love. Love brightens our world and brings us happiness. When the Giant loved others, his garden became beautiful and full of life.

II. Complete the following sentences choosing the correct answers from the choices given below.

1. Both ‘over the grass stood beautiful flowers like stars’ and ‘the peach-trees broke into blossoms’ refer to ———–.
a) autumn
b) spring
c) winter

2. The Giant observed the children ———–.
a) hiding in the garden
b) playing in the garden
c) dancing in the garden

3. The Giant knew the spring had arrived from ———–.
a) song of a linnet bird
b) sounds made by the children
c) blossoms in the garden

4. The little boy ———–.
a) called the Giant by gesturing
b) flung hands around the neck
c) ran towards the Giant

5. ‘What a marvellous sight that is !’ is said by ———–.
a) the children
b) the little boy
c) the Giant
Answer:
1 – b
2 – b
3 – a
4 – b
5 – c

Vocabulary

Look at the following underlined phrase taken from the text and know the meanings.
1. Peach-trees that in the spring time broke out into delicate blossom.
In the above sentence, the phrase ‘broke out’ means ‘came out’.
A) Refer to a dictionary and find out phrasal verbs beginning with ‘break’.
Use them in your own sentences.
Answer:
1. breakaway 2. breakdown 3. break into 4. breakout
1) break away:
The prisoner broke away from jail last night.
2) break down:
Our jeep has broken down on the outskirts of the city.
3) break into:
The burglars broke into the house when the owners away.
4) break out:
The war broke out in the middle east.
B) Pick out some more phrasal verbs from the play ‘The Selfish Giant’.
1) put up
2) cover up
3) blow over
4) look out
5) look up
6) knock down

II. Read the underlined part of the sentence taken from the text.
This is a delightful spot.
In the above sentence ‘delightful’ means ‘pleasant’, the opposite (antonym) of it is ‘gloomy’. Pick out antonyms of the underlined words from the play and use them in your own sentences.
1. Nobody likes to be in hell.
Answer:
Everybody likes to be in paradise.

2. You should be beware of your foe.
Answer:
I met my friend yesterday.

3. It started raining cats and dogs.
Answer:
The police stopped me.

4. She uncovered her head after she came out of the temple.
Answer:
He covered his face with a kerchief.

5. This is the nearest shop to my house.
Answer:
There is a medical shop in the farthest corner.

III. Look at the following sentence taken from the text.
Ex: I heard the children whispering outside the wall on their way to school.
In the above sentence the underlined word indicates ’speaking quietly’ outside the wall so that nobody else could hear.
Now match the words in Column A with those in Column B with similar meaning.

Answer:
1) C
2) E
3) G
4) A
5) D
6) J
7) F
8) B
9) I
10) H

IV. Choose the correct meaning for the underlined word.
1. The Giant put a notice board, trespassers will be prosecuted.       ( )
a) persons who enter the premises without permission
b) persons who forcibly enter the premises
c) persons who officially enter the premises

2. The Giant was wrapped in furs and roared all day about the garden.     ( )
a) made loud noise with anger
b) felt frustrated
c) looked pleased

3. There are twelve peach-trees that in spring-time broke out into delicate blossoms.     ( )
a) leaves
b) flowers
c) fruits

4. He rattled on the roof the whole day.      ( )
a) made a series of sounds
b) shouted
c) tapped
Answer:
1 – a
2 – a
3 – b
4 – a

Grammar

Read the following sentences.
1. He is swimming in a pool.
2. Swimming is good for health.
The ‘-ing’ form in the first sentence is called a present participle. It is most commonly used as part of continuous tenses and after verbs of perception such as ‘see, hear, notice and watch’.
Examples: 1. I saw him crossing the road.
2. Didn’t you hear the cat meowing?
On the other hand, the ‘-ing’ form in the second sentence is called a gerund. It acts as a noun. It is used as the subject, or object of a sentence and after prepositions.
Examples: 1. He likes swimming. 2. He is fond of swimming.
In both cases, the form is the same. The difference is in their functions in a sentence.

I. Identify the gerunds and present participles in the following sentences.
1. The North Wind ceased roaring.
2. The Child did not see the giant coming.
3. I heard the children whispering outside the wall on their way to school.
4. Why is the Spring so late in coming?
5. Walking makes healthy and wealthy.
Answer:
1. roaring
2. coming
3. whispering
4. coming
5. Walking

Writing

Read the following notice taken from the play.
TRESPASSERS WILL BE PROSECUTED

Write a similar one-line notice each that you may find in the following places.
1. Hospitals: ———–
2. Banks: ———–
3. Public places: ———–
4. Schools: ———–
5. At home: ———–
Answer:
Hospitals: Keep absolute silence.
Banks: Switch off vour cell-phones.
Public places: Don’t Dark vour vehicles here.
Schools: Don’t throw waste material in school premises.
At home: Beware of dogs.

Listening

Listen to a description and answer the following questions.
Lal Bagh
Dear Students, now we are in Lal Bagh Garden, Bengaluru. It means “The Red Garden” in English. It is one of the famous gardens in India. It is located to the South of the city centre and Bengaluru’s main attraction.

Hyder Ali, the ruler of Mysore commissioned the building of the garden in 1760. His son Tippu Sultan completed it by importing trees and plants from several countries. The garden has over 1,000 species of flora. The garden is spread over 240 acres. The Glass House is the main attraction in this garden, modeled on London’s Crystal Palace.

Look there, you can see a 300 year old “Christmas Tree”. There are many such old trees we can find in the garden. Children, look there, you can find the scientific name tag to each tree.

Now we are moving towards the Rose Garden, which is another highlight of Lai Bagh. It has almost all the species of roses available worldwide.

Now we are at the giant Electronic Quartz Flower clock built by HMT. In this garden flower shows are conducted every year to educate people about different flora and help cultivate the habit of growing plants among the public.

1. Where is the garden located?
Answer:
The garden is located to South of Bengaluru.

2. What is so special about it?
Answer:
The Glass House, the 300 year old ‘Christmas Tree,’ the Rose Garden and the giant electronic Quartz Flower clock are the specialities of the garden.

Oral Activity

Talk about any garden you have visited.
Answer:
In the last summer when I went to my uncle’s city, Mysore, I visited Brindavan Gardens. These gardens are the most famous gardens of Mysore. These gardens are located about 19 kms. from the heart of Mysore. These gardens are laid out below the Krishnaraja Sagar dam built across the river Cauvery. These gardens are famous for the ilium :nated dancing fountains that come to life after sunset. Brindavan gardens are noted for their beauty. These gardens are full of life both in the morning and evening. These gardens are a boon for Mysore people. We entered the garden after sunset as it is the best time to visit the gardens. At that time all the bright colourful fountains usually come alive and seem to dance with joy to the accompanying music. At that time the entire gardens are transformed into a fairy land. There are beautiful lawns and shrubs with colouful lamps around them. There are so many tall, green trees. The flower-beds are a store house of beauty. They add a splash of colour to the fresh green of the lawns. We find a great peace there. The sweet and merry notes of the birds are very pleasant to the ears. We enjoyed ourselves visiting such a beautiful garden. We played for about two hours in the evening. Really it is a memorable thing in my life. I am very much thankful to my uncle as he gave me an opportunity to visit such a wonderful garden.

Study Skills

Read the play ‘The Selfish Giant’ once again and summarize it. Remember to follow the points given below.

1. Identify the main and subordinate ideas, section wise/part wise.
2. Separate the main idea from the subordinate ideas.
3. Identify the words/phrases which carry ideas.
4. Link your ideas properly with appropriate linkers.
5. Use the words/phrases that express the essence of the text.
6. Present the ideas briefly.

Answer:
A Giant who lived in a big house had a beautiful garden. Whenever he was away, chil-dren used to come there to play. One day the Giant went to visit his friend the Cornish ogre and came after seven years. When he arrived, he saw the children palying in his garden. He angrily chased them away and built a high wall around his garden. After the children stopped coming to the garden, the trees and flowers were so sad that they lost their beauty and were covered with snow and frost. There was no singing of birds. The spring was there all over the country but in the Giant’s garden it was still winter.

One morning, the Giant heard the lovely singing of a linnet bird and thought that the spring had come at last. He saw children playing in the garden. The children had crept in through a little hole in the garden. He understood that he had been selfish and was very sorry for what he had done. He saw a little boy who was too small to get into a tree and that tree was still covered with frost and snow. The Giant put the little child into the tree gently. He knocked down the wall and the children were allowed to play there in his garden whenever they pleased. But the little boy whom he helped was never seen again in his garden. The Giant grew old and feeble. He sat there watching the children at their games. One morning he saw the little boy under a tree and ran to him. When he went near to the little child, he saw wounds on the child’s hands and feet. He got angered and asked the little child who had hurt him. He wanted to kill the person who had wounded the little child. But the little child told him that he should not do that and those were the wounds of love. The little child took the Giant to Paradise.

The Selfish Giant Part 2 Summary in English

One morning, when the Giant was lying awake in bed, he heard some lovely music. It sounded very sweet to the Giant’s ears. A little linnet was singing outside his window. The Giant thought that the spring had come at last. The children had crept in through a little hole in the wall. They sat in the branches of the trees and the trees were so glad to have the children back again. In the farthest corner of the garden it was still winter. In that corner, a little boy was trying to reach up to the branches but he couldn’t as he was so small. The Giant’s heart melted. He understood that he had been selfish. He was really sorry for what he had done. He went into the garden and the frightened children ran away and the garden became winter again. Only the little boy was there and the Giant put him gently up into the tree. The tree broke at once into blossom, the birds sang and the boy kissed him. The other children saw that and came running back. With them the spring came. The Giant was no longer wicked. He took an axe and broke the wall. He started playing with them. In the evening, the Giant came to know that the little boy whom he put into the tree had gone away. Every afternoon, the children came and played with the Giant. But he never saw again the little boy who he loved. The Giant had grown old and feeble. So, he sat there watching the children at their games. One winter morning, the Giant filled with wonder to see the little boy standing under a tree in the farthest comer of the garden. In great joy, the Giant ran downstairs out into the garden and went near to the child. His face grew red with anger when he saw the wounds on the boy’s hands and feet. The Giant cried that he would kill the person who had wounded the little boy. The child asked the Giant not to do that as those were the wounds of love. The little boy asked the Giant to come with him to his garden. The child climbed into the old Giant’s arms and they both walked into the garden of Paradise.

About the author

Oscar Wilde (16 October 1854-30 November 1900) was an Irish writer and poet. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, he became one of London’s most popular playwrights in the early 1890s. Today he is remembered for his epigrams and plays. Oscar Wilde is best known for the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray and the play The Importance of Being Earnest. The Happy Prince and Other Tales is a collection of children’s stories.

The Selfish Giant Part 2 Glossary

linnet bird (n): a small brown and grey bird

hail (n): small balls of ice that fall like rain

cease (v): stop happening

twittering (v): making a series of short high sounds

sneeze (v): suddenly expel air from the nose and mouth due to irritation in

one’s nostrils

feeble (adj): lacking strength

hath (v): has (old usage)

thee (pro): you (old usage)

slay (v): kill

thou (pro): you (as the singular subject of a verb)

blossoms (n): flowers

farthest (adj): at the greatest distance

admire (v): to respect somebody for what they are

marvellous (adj): wonderful, extremely good

draw (v): to move in the direction mentioned

art (v) (old use): are

melt (v): to become liquid

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 5B Bonsai Life Part 2 Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 5B Bonsai Life Part 2

8th Class English Chapter 5B Bonsai Life Part 2 Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Complete the statements giving more than one reason.

1. Girls should be educated like boys because
a. ———————
b. ———————
c. ———————
d. ———————
Answer:
a. they need to stand on their own feet.
b. they need to get financial independence,
c. they need not to beg others for anything,
d. they need to lead a dignified life.

2. Fully grown trees are more useful because
a. ———————
b. ———————
c. ———————
Answer:
a. they give us shade.
b. they give us flowers and fruit.
c. they give us wood for constructions and firewood.
d. they give us medicines.

II. Answer the following questions:
Question 1.
Why was Akkayya perplexed?
Answer:
Akkayya was surprised to see the turayi and pomegranate trees in the little flower pots among the other flower plants. She didn’t know they were bonsai trees. So, she asked Ammalu why they planted those trees in the flower pots and how they could grow if they didn’t let them grow freely. Hearing Akkayya’s words, Ammalu burst into laughter. Akkayya didn’t understand why Ammalu had laughed. So, she was perplexed.

Question 2.
How is a bonsai reared?
Answer:
Bonsai is a Japanese art form using miniature trees grown in containers. A bonsai is created beginning with a specimen of source material. The source specimen is shaped to be relatively small. Then it is planted in a display pot. The practice of bonsai development incorporates a number of techniques, they are:
a) leaf trimming
b) punning the trunk, branches and roots
c) wining branches and trunks
d) clamping
e) grafting new growing material and
f) defoliation.

Question 3.
What similarities do you notice between the bonsai tree and the housewife?
Answer:
Like the housewife, the bonsai tree is very delicate. Both the housewife and the bonsai can’t protect themselves. They can’t provide shelter to anyone. They can’t bear sufferings. They depend upon others for everything.

Question 4.
What made the narrator feel the urge to free the bonsai?
Answer:
The narrator’s heart was touched by Akkayya’s words. Akkayya’s words made the narrator feel the urge to free the Bonsai. She thought that it was just as one freed a bird from a cage to let it fly.

Question 5.
What is the central theme of ‘Bonsai Life’?
Answer:
The central theme of ‘Bonsai Life’ is that the women should be well educated and empowered. The women should know how to take care of themselves. They should protect themselves. They should be able to stand on their own feet. They shouldn’t depend upon others for everything. They should take up jobs.

III. Make a list of activities done by a homemaker and a working woman.

Answer:

IV. Put a tick (✓) mark against the most appropriate meaning for the phrases given below.
1. ‘… to keep the washerman’s account’ means
a) to take care of household work.
b) to count clothes,
c) to maintain the washerman’s account.

2. ‘… uphill task’ means
a) high quality work.
b) a difficult job.
c) working on a hill.

3. ‘… grass is greener on the other side’ means
a) the grass on this side is green.
b) others are as good as we are.
c) others are in a better position than us.

4. ‘… like a scorpion under a slipper’ means
a) killing a scorpion with a slipper.
b) being guided and controlled,
c) feeling totally suppressed.

Answer:
1 – a (✓)
2 – b (✓)
3 – c (✓)
4 – c (✓)

Vocabulary

I. Look at the phrasal verb underlined in the following sentence.
“I feel like giving it up. (give up).
What does it mean?
‘Give’ is a verb and ‘up’ is a preposition. Such combinations are called phrasal verbs. A phrasal verb normally gives a meaning different from the meaning of its parts.
‘Give up’ means ‘to stop doing something’.
Refer to a dictionary and find out the meaning of some more phrasal verbs beginning with ‘give’ and ‘look’.
give in ———–
give out ———–
give away ———–
look after ———–
look up ———–
look into ———–
Use the above phrasal verbs in your own sentences.
1. ———————–
2. ———————–
3. ———————–
4. ———————–
5. ———————–
6. ———————–
Answer:
give in: to accept that you are defeated
give out: to come to an end
give away: to give something to someone
look after: to take care of someone
look up: to become better
look into: to try to find out the truth about a problem.
1. The enemies were eventually forced to give in.
2. Her patience finally gave out.
3. I gave most of my books away to my friend.
4. The old man was looking after the child.
5. Finally, the things are beginning to look up.
6. The police officer is looking into the missing of the boy.

II. Look at the simile in the following sentence.
Without it, she will have to live under her husband’s thumb ‘like a scorpion under a slipper’. The life of a homemaker is compared to a scorpion under a slipper. When we compare two things, we often use the word ‘like’.
Here are a few more examples of similes.
1. He roars like a lion.
2. They eat like wolves.
Answer:
Look at the following similes.
a) bright like a full moon
b) sleep like a log
c) eat like a bird
d) beautiful like a rose
e) sweet like honey
Now write five sentences using the above similes.
1. ———————–
2. ———————–
3. ———————–
4. ———————–
5. ———————–
Answer:
1. This light is bright like a full moon.
2. He sleeps like a log.
3. She eats like a bird.
4. It seems beautiful like a rose.
5. It is sweet like honey.

III. Make some idioms from the words in circles and use them in your own sentences, one is done for you


Answer:

Grammar

I. Read the sentences.
1. grew accustomed to village life.
2. went into the kitchen.

The words in circles are subjects. The words underlined are predicates.

II. Circle the subjects and underline the predicates.
1. The girls danced.
2. The dark clouds filled the sky.
3. Shiva drove a silver Toyota.
Answer:

III. Identify subjects and predicates in each of the sentence in the following paragraph.
The narrator felt very happy to receive her sister and brother-in-law, who came to stay with them. They brought many things with them. Akkaya made special dishes for her sister’s husband, which he liked very much. She praised her sister for being employed and making her living. She was very sorry about her position at home.
One day the narrator showed her Bonsai plants and explained how they are grown but she did not like it. On a rainy day many people gathered under a tree to take shelter. Showing this, Akkaya made the narrator understand the importance of freedom in one’s life.

Note: Subjects are given in bold letters and predicates are underlined.
i) The narrator – subject
felt very happy to recieve her sister and brother-in-law, who came to stay with them – predicate
ii) They – subject
brought many things with them – predicate
iii) Akkayya – subject
made special dishes for her sister’s husband which he liked very much – predicate
iv) She – subject
praised her sister for being employed and making her living – predicate
v) She – subject
was very sorry about her position at home – predicate
vi) the narrator – subject
showed her Bonsai plants and explained how they are grown but she did not like it – one day – predicate
vii) many people – subject
gathered under a tree to take shelter on a rainy day – predicate
viii) Akkayya – subject
Showing this – made the narrator understand the importance of freedom in one’s life – predicate

Writing

Look at the following poster.

List the features of this poster.
e.g. Who has issued the poster? What is it about?
The date, time, place of the event, layout and nature of the sentences.
Answer:

1. Issuing authority: APDWACRA, Arunodaya building, Brodiepet, Guntur.
2. Event: Inauguration of handicrafts exhibition cum sale.
3. Time: 4 p.m.
4. Date: 15 October
5. Place: Gunta Ground, Kothapet, Guntur.
6. Duration: From 15th to 25th October.
7. Layout: Suitable layout with the sentences which convey the theme directly.

I. Now, make a poster based on the information given below.

1. Issuing authority: Andhra Pradesh Arts and Crafts Society, Vijayawada.
2. Event: Dance Performance by Aarthi.
3. November 14.
4. Chief Guest: Honourable Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh.
5. Venue: PWD Grounds, Vijayawada.

Answer:

Listening

I. Listen to a debate on the topic ‘Education of the Girl Child is a Burden’.

Education of the Girl Child Is a Burden

Speaker 1: Respected Chairperson, honourable Judges and dear friends, I stand here to express my views for the motion, ‘Education of the girl child is a burden’. I would like to state that the education of the girl child is indeed a burden. In a poor family the main concern for the head of the family is to provide food, clothing and health to all the members. Most of their resources are used for these priorities. Later, when they think of education, the first preference goes to the male child as he would be growing to be the breadwinner of the family, whereas the girl would leave the family one day. So, I feel that educating of the girl child is a burden.

Speaker 2: Respected chairperson, honourable Judges and dear friends! My knowledgeable opponent is of the opinion that the education of the girl child is a burden. May I ask how education of the girl could be a burden when she is an equal partner in sharing the responsibilities and duties? If given a chance, she will be sharing the burden of the family at least till she gets married. So, I strongly oppose the motion.

Speaker 1: When my opponent feels that the girl child would leave the family one day after marriage, can’t we agree that it is a waste of money to educate a girl child? Instead, the families can save the money to bear the expenses of her wedding. Yes, surely the girl can reduce the burden not by earning after education but by managing the household work. As her duty in the later part of life is to look after the family and children, she better gets practice in the same. If she is away from home for longer periods, it would be an additional burden on the family.

Speaker 2: My friend said, the future of the girl child is to look after the family and children. Haven’t such traditional gender roles led to inequalities in the society? I strongly feel that an educated girl can render financial assistance to the father and later to the husband. My dear friend, it is education that will bring about a change in the attitude of people towards the role of women. Indeed, it is rightly said: ‘If you educate a man, you educate an individual. If you educate a woman, you educate a family’.

Now, complete the table based on the information you’ve just listened to:

Answer:

Bonsai Life Part 2 Summary in English

Though Akkayya had been very interested in studying, Nannagaru didn’t educate her. He believed that studies wouldn’t get into a girl’s head. So, he had made Akkayya discontinue her education. He concentrated only on Annayya’s education. Akkayya got married to a villager and she was limited to do her household work. Ammalu took her Akkayya around the house. Akkayya was surprised to see the turayi and pomegranate trees in the flower pots among the flower plants. She felt sorry for them. She questioned Ammalu how they would grow in that little space and why they couldn’t let them grow freely. Ammalu explained that they were bonsai trees. She told that Bonsai was a special method of growing plants. The Japanese named this method bonsai. But Akkayya didn’t like this idea. Ammalu was distressed as she was unable to impress her Akkayya with her bonsai. Then came the storm which brought all the sand from the desert. Ammalu caught hold of Akkayya’s shoulder and dragged her into the room. After a while it started raining. Ammalu immediately pulled the bonsai tree pots and flower pots inside, under the canopy. Akkayya opened the window and looked at the streets. She saw many people standing under the huge turayi tree. She showed it to Ammalu saying that it was providing shelter to the people and potecting them. Ammalu asked her Akkayya what was the surprising thing about it. Then Akkayya made Ammalu understand that a housewife’s life was like that of a bonsai. Though bonsai looked proper and sweet, it was very delicate. It couldn’t provide protection to anyone. Infact, it had to be brought under the canopy so that it would not be destroyed. Akkayya’s words touched Ammalu’s heart. She felt like freeing the bonsai trees from their flower pots. Thus the story is a plea to provide education for women to empower them and make financially independent.

About the Author

Abburi Chayadevi is a well known feminist writer born in 1933. She has written many short stories and essays. She was awarded by the Central Sahitya Akademi in 2005. In her works, she elucidates women life and their feelings.

Bonsai Life Part 2 Glossary

adept (adj): a natural ability to do something skilfully

drudgery (n): hard, boring work

stunted (v): prevented from growth

perplex (v): confuse

canopy (n): a cover fixed over something for shelter

squall (n): a strong wind

rage (v): come with force

respite (n): a short period of rest

nought (n): nothing’zero

backyard (n): an area with a hard surface behind a house

trimming (n): making something neater, smaller, better by cutting parts from it

confine (v): to keep something inside the limits of a particular activity

disheartened (adj): made somebody lose hope or confidence

collapsed (v): lay down

tend (v): to care for something

withstand (v): to be strong enough not to be hurt or damaged by extreme conditions

dragged (v): pulled somebody or something along with effort and difficulty

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 3A The Selfish Giant Part 1 Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 3A The Selfish Giant Part 1

8th Class English Chapter 3A The Selfish Giant Part 1 Textbook Questions and Answers

Look at the picture given below and answer the questions that follow.

Question 1.
What do you notice in the picture?
Answer:
I noticed some children playing in the garden. A giant was watching them at their games. A boy was sitting on his knee. Another one sat on his thigh picking the fruits. Someone was climbing up the ladder to reach the giant. Another boy who sat on his foot, was trying to walk on his body. They were all playing with him.

Question 2.
What do you think of the size and sitting posture of the figure which is looking at the children?
Answer:
The children are little ones whereas the giant is a huge one. He is watching the children at their games. He seems to be sad
for some unknown reason.

Question 3.
What is the mood of the children?
Answer:
The children are in playful mood. They are all joyful. The way they play shows us this.

Comprehension

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What are the major characters in the play?
Answer:
The major characters in the play are the giant and the children. The other characters are the Snow and the Frost, the North Wind and the Autumn.

Question 2.
Why do you think children have been named as ‘tali girl,’ ’round boy,’ ‘square girl’, etc.?
Answer:
I think children have been named as ‘tall girl,’ ’round boy,’ ‘square girl’, etc. to make the story funny and to beautify it. The children are easily attracted to the words such as ’tali’, ’round’, ‘square’, etc. when they are used to describe a girl or a boy.

Question 3.
Who are the two giants in the play?
Answer:
The two giants, old Giant and the Giant are one and the same. The ‘old Giant’ is a selfish character whereas ‘the Giant’ is a kind character.

Question 4.
How can you say that The Giant is selfish?
Answer:
The Giant didn’t allow the children to play in his garden. He didn’t want to share his happiness with the children. He wanted to enjoy his garden all alone. Hence I can say that the Giant is selfish.

The Selfish Giant Part 1 Summary in English

Once there was an old Giant. He was very selfish. He had a large lovely garden, with soft green grass. The grass stood beautiful flowers like stars and there were twelve peach trees in the garden. Every afternoon, as they were coming from school, the children used to go and play in the Giant’s garden. The Giant had been to visit his friend the Cornish og and came back after seven years. When the Giant came back, he saw the children playing in the garden. The selfish Giant told the children that they couldn’t play in his garden. He built a high wall all round and put up a notice-board: “TRESPASSERS WILL BE PROSECUTED.” Now, the children couldn’t play anywhere. They tried to play on the road, but it was very dirty and lots of hard stones were there on the road. When a boy told that the Giant was selfish, the Giant opened a door in the wall and told again that he would not allow anybody to play in his garden. When the children heard his voice, they scattered. Then the spring came, and there were little blossoms and little birds all over the country. But it was still winter in the Giant’s garden. In his garden the birds did not come to sing, and the trees forgot to blossom. The North Wind, the Hail, the Frost and the Snow were dancing about through the trees in the garden.

The Selfish Giant Part 1 Glossary

peach trees (n): trees bearing round fruit with soft red and yellow skin.

spring time (n): the season between winter and summer when plants begin to grow

delicate blossoms (n.phr): tender flowers

castle (n): large, strong building with strong and thick walls

trespassers (n): persons who go into land without permission

whispering (v): speaking quietly

scatter (v): disperse, spread over

cloak (n): a type of coat that has no sleeves

wrapped (v): covered or dressed

rejoiced (v): expressed great happiness

chimney-pot (n): a short, wide pipe placed on top of a chimney

delightful (adj): very pleasant, charming

bore (v): produced (fruits)

autumn (n): the season of the year between summer and winter when leaves change colour

pleased (v): felt happy about something

hail (n): small balls of ice that fall like rain

rattled (v): made a series of short loud sounds when hitting against some thing hard.

frost (n): the thin white layer of ice

snow (n): small soft white pieces of frozen water that fall from the sky in cold weather

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 2C Reaching the Unreached Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 2C Reaching the Unreached

8th Class English Chapter 2C Reaching the Unreached Textbook Questions and Answers

Comprehension

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Complete the following table based on the above article.
Answer:

Question 2.
Who rescued the two children ? Where did they take them to ?
Answer:
Some rescuer called 1098 helpline and Romesh got a helping hand from “The Child Line”. He is now one of the beneficiaries of Andhra Pradesh State based project for the Elimination of Child Labour. In the case of Shanti, the neighbours informed the “Child Labour Enforcement Team”. She was rescued and is now placed in a girls’ transit home.

Question 3.
Many households in your neighbourhood employ children to do the menial jobs. What will you do to save those children?
Answer:
At first I will talk with the owners who employ children to do the menial jobs and make them realize that they are doing wrong. I will make them know that those children are like their own children. I will ask them to educate those unlucky children and feed them well if they can. Next, I will inform the “Child Labour Enforcement Team” about those children. Thus, I will try to save them.

Question 4.
What is the role of CRY?
Answer:
CRY is an organization that partners some basic level organizations working for children, their parents and communities. CRY’s role is that of a bridge between child developmental organizations and people working for marginalized children. They gather the support, money and time of the Indians around the world and thousands of field workers across India who struggle to enrich the lives of children.

Question 5.
Two organisations are working to save the destitutes. What are they?
Answer:
The organisations that are working to save the destitutes are:

1. Child Rights and You (CRY) and
2. Save our Soul (SOS)

Question 6.
How does SOS work?
Answer:
SOS provides family-based care for children. It advocates the concerns, rights and needs of children. SOS focuses on strengthening families, helping them to stay together during difficult times and provide the best care possible to their children. SOS children’s village experts work with families to help them develop a wide range of skills, from household budget planning, how to get a job and earning a living, to bonding with a child or young person and learning to create a stable family life at home.

Study Skills

Read the following passage extracted from the story ‘Oliver Asks for More’ and the notes made on it.
The members of this board were very wise and philosophical men. As they turned their attention to the workhouse, they discovered that it was a regular place of public entertainment for the poorer classes. It was the place where they had breakfast, dinner, tea, and supper all the year round and free; where it was all play and no work. This was really shocking state of affairs, they were of the opinion that the poor should be given only two alternatives: Either to starve quickly outside the workhouse, or gradually inside the house, view, they decided that the inmates of the workhouse would be issued three meals of thin gruel a day, with an onion twice a week.
For the first six months after Oliver Twist was moved in, the system was in full operation. As a result, during this period, the number of workhouse inmates got smaller, and the inmates themselves shrank in size and became thinner.
Observe the notes made from the above passage.
1. The board
a. very wise and philosophical men
b. their attention to the workhouse
c. was a regular place of public entertainment
i. had breakfast, dinner, tea and supper
ii. all play and no work

2. The decision
a. to starve quickly outside the workhouse
b. gradually inside the house
i. issued three meals of thin gruel
ii. an onion twice a week

3. Result of the decision
a. the inmates of the work house got smaller
b. shrank in size
c. became thinner
Now, read the passage Child Rights and You (CRY) once again and make notes with another suitable title.
Answer:
1. CRY
a) an organisation
b) believes that children are citizens and they have their own rights
c) doesn’t believe in charity

2. Nature of work
a) doesn’t run schools or orphanages
b) partners some basic level organizations working for children, their parents and communities.

3. The role of CRY
a) bridges child developmental organizations and people working for marginalized children
b) gathers the support, money and time
(i) of the Indians around the world – who struggle to enrich the lives of children.
(ii) of the thousands of field workers across India – who struggle to enrich the lives of children.

4. CRY’s achievements:
a) Freed more than 1 lakh children from (i) hunger (ii) exploitation (iii) illiteracy
b) prevented child labour in 648 villages
c) liberated 1152 villages from child marriages
d) made 21,676 out of school children join schools

Listening

Homeless Child

No mother no father neither shoes nor a bed
He lives in a street
on pavements of a road
He is just ten
looks pale and thin.
He has so small a dinner
sometimes, he dines on the smell.
And even if he is starving to death
nobody comes to feed him.
As the sun rises and rays shoot him,
he is exposed to child labour.
Tears start rolling down his cheeks
there is nobody to comfort him.
And even if he is dead
There is nobody to worry about him.

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What is the song about?
Answer:
The song is about an orphan who is a child labourer.

Question 2.
Where does the child live?
Answer:
The child lives in a street and on pavements of a road.

Question 3.
How old is the child in the poem?
Answer:
The child in the poem is 10 years old.

Project work

In your village/city you may come across children who are working in some house¬holds, factories, shops, hotels and construction sites for daily wages. Collect the following information about one child. Make a brief profile of the child you have met and present it in the class.

Answer:

Work in groups and analyze the data by using the following questions and present it before your class.
1. Why do children take up jobs?
2. How poorly are they paid?
3. How many are willing to leave the work and join school?
Answer:
Children take up jobs due to various reasons. In some cases, the unlucky children take up jobs losing both their parents or any one of them. Most children work because their families are poor and their labour is necessary for their survival. Some parents feel that what is learnt by their children is irrelevant to fulfil their family needs. They think that there will be no use of education. For many children, school is not an option. A number of children do extremely hazardous work in harmful conditions putting their health, education, personal and social development and even their lives at risk. Many working children don’t have the opportunity to go to school. Usually, they work in the fields, households, factories, shops, hotels, restaurants on the streets as beggars and so on. Children are often employed and exploited because, compared to adults, they are more vulnerable, cheaper to hire and they don’t demand for higher wages or better working conditions. The children are paid very low wages. Compared to adults, the children usually do better but the owners give them very low wages. I think most of the working children will join the school if they are given a chance. The government should do something about it. The government has already started some projects for the elimination of child labour. Some voluntary organizations are making their efforts to eliminate child labour. They should meet the parents who are sending their children to work. They should make them realize that the child should be educated. If it is possible, they should help those families financially and change their attitude towards the children education. Thus, we can eliminate child labour completely.

Reaching the Unreached Summary in English

Romesh, a fourteen year old boy, left his family back in Bihar and reached Hyderabad to find a new future. Finding a job was not an easy job for him. Cursed by hunger, he joined a group of rag pickers. Some rescuer called 1098 help line and he got a helping hand from ‘The Child Line”. He is now one of the beneficiaries of Andhra Pradesh State based project for the Elimination of Child Labour.

Many such children fall to similar fate due to domestic violence and abject poverty. Shanti, a nine year old girl, was sent to Hyderabad by her parents to work in a middle class home. There she did the menial tasks like cooking, moping, cleaning and washing clothes. Her owners used to lock her up in a tiny room when they went out. The neighbours informed the “Child Labour Enforcement Team” and she was rescued and is now placed in a girls’ transit home.

CRY (Child Rights and You) is an organization that believes that children are citizens and they have their own rights. At CRY, they partner some basic level organizations working for children, their parents and communities. It acts as a bridge between child developmental organizations and people working for marginalized children. They gather the support, money and time of the Indians around the world and thousands of field workers across India who struggle to enrich the lives of children. CRY has freed more than 1 lakh children from hunger, exploitation and illiteracy in more than 13000 villages and slums.

Save Our Soul (SOS)

SOS Children’s Villages is an independent, non-governmental, social development organisation that provides family-based care for children in India since 1964. It advocates the concerns, rights and needs of children. More than 6000 children and young people live in 33 SOS Children’s Villages and 27 SOS Youth Facilities in India.

At SOS Children’s Villages, the organisers believe that every child should grow up in a strong family environment, and so their work helps families to create a loving, caring home. Their work focuses on strengthening families, helping them to stay together during difficult times and provide the best care possible to their children. The needs of a family can be varied. SOS Children’s Village experts work with families to help them develop a wide range of skills, from house-hold b udget planning, how to get a job and earning a living, to bonding with a child or young person and learning to create a stable family life at home.

Sometimes, however, it is not possible for a child to stay in the family. In these cases, the organisation works to find tailor-made solutions that respond to each situation, keeping the best interest of each child or young person’s in mind. SOS Children’s Villages is the only organisation of global impact that provides direct care to children who can no longer stay with their families.

Finally, through advocacy, SOS Children’s Villages aims to improve the overall framework conditions for children whose parents cannot take care of them, or who are at risk of losing the care of their families. Successful advocacy, based on their experience as a practitioner, brings about changes in policies and practices that weaken children’s rights leads to sustainable changes to improve the situation for children and families everywhere.

Reaching the Unreached Glossary

toiled (v): worked very hard for a long time

beneficiary (n): a person who gains as a result of something

elimination (n): removing something

abject (adj): terrible and without hope

rescue (v): to save somebody from a dangerous or harmful situation

marginalized (adj): made somebody feel as if they were not important and could not influence desicions or events

exploitation (n): a situation in which somebody treats somebody else in an unfair way

advocate (v): to support something publicly

concern (n): worry

vary (v): to make different; change

sustainable (adj): that can continue or be continued for a long time

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 5A Bonsai Life Part 1 Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 5A Bonsai Life Part 1

8th Class English Chapter 5A Bonsai Life Part 1 Textbook Questions and Answers

Observe the pictures and discuss the questions that follow.

Question 1.
Who are these people? What do you know about them?
Answer:
In the first picture we see Sarojini Naidu. She is also known as The Nightingale of India’. She was a poet and an Indian independence activist. In the second picture we see Mother Teresa. She was an ethnic Albanian, Indian Roman Catholic nun. She founded the Missionaries of Charity and served the needy. In the third picture we see Sunita Williams. She is an American astronaut. Her parental ancestry originates in Gujarat in India. In the fourth picture we see Saina Nehwal. She is an Indian badminton player who attained a career best ranking of 2 in December 2010. The fifth is the picture of Bharatha Das, Inspector of General of Crime Branch, Kerala, the first IG of Police of the Kerala Armed Police Battalions. In the sixth picture we see a village woman and in the last picture we see a city woman.

Question 2.
‘Education leads to empowerment of women? Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons.
Answer:
Yes, I agree with the statement. Women education plays a key role in the social and economic development of the country. Educating a woman uplifts her life as well as the quality of her life
and her entire family. It is a fact that any educated woman will definitely support the education of her children especially a girl child and provide a better guidance to her children. An educated woman will easily imbibe an independent and progressive outlook in her children. More importantly, an educated woman in a society like India will assist in reducing the infant mortality rate and control the blossoming of the population. Hence we can say, education leads to empowerment of women.

Comprehension

I. Tick (✓) the statements that are true.

1. The narrator receives letters very frequently. [ ✓ ]
2. The letter brought the news of the narrator’s sister and brother-in-law’s arrival. [ ✓ ]
3. The narrator’s husband was very happy to hear the news of the visitors. [ ✓ ]
4. Akkayya was not interested to continue her studies. [ ]
5. The narrator’s husband likes the traditional food of Andhra Pradesh. [ ✓ ]

II. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
“The moment I see letters can’t …….. contain my excitement” Why does the narrator get excited?
Answer:
When the narrator gets the letters and reads them she thinks that it is almost as if she is face to face with her near and dear ones and they are speaking affectionately to her. When she reads the letters the exhaustion of office work disappears and her heart grows light. The sight of letters gives her the energy and enthusiasm and then she discharges her household duties very effectively. So, the narrator gets excited whenever she receives letters.

Question 2.
What change did the narrator observe in her father’s attitude towards education over a decade?
Answer:
The narrator’s father felt in the beginning that education for girls was of no use. Those were the days when people thought it was enough if a girl was able to keep the washerman’s accounts. So, Nannagaru did not let Akkayya study after class Five. A decade later, when Ammalu was born, there was not much debate as to whether a girl should have education or not. Ammalu was lucky that her father changed with the times. He didn’t even hesitate to send her to college.

Question 3.
Why was Akkayya determined to send her daughter to college?
Answer:
Akkayya knew very well how she had suffered as she was not educated and not an employee. She didn’t have financial independence. She had to depend on her husband even for a few paise worth of karivepaku. She didn’t like to keep a girl at home without educating her. She thought that a woman would come to nothing if she didn’t have a degree and she would have to live under her husband’s thumb, like a scorpion under a slipper without it. So, she determined to send her daughter to college.

Bonsai Life Part 1 Summary in English

‘Bonsai Life’ by Abburi Chayadevi is a plea for educating women, thereby freeing them from their ‘Bonsai Life’. Ammalu is a wel! educated woman who works in Delhi. Her sister, on the other hand, is not educated as Ammalu. Their father did not let Akkayya study after class Five. He felt that it was enough if a girl was able to keep the washerman’s accounts. But Ammalu was lucky that her father changed with the times and allowed her to send her to college. Ammalu completed her education and married a job holder. Later she took up one well. Because Akkayya was not educated, she was married to a man from the village. Akkayya’s husband chose agriculture as his profession and settled down in the village to cultivate his land.
Ammalu is lazy about writing letters and loves to receive one from some place or the other, every day. She gets excited when she receives one. One day she received an unexpected letter from her Akkayya. Akkayya didn’t usually write a letter. So Ammalu thought that there might be a reason. She opened the letter and started reading. Akkayya wrote that she and her husband (Baavagaru) were visiting them soon as they wished to visit Kasi and Haridwar. Both Ammaiu and her husband were excited to know about their visit. For the first time Akkayya and Baavagaru were visiting their home since their marriage. Akkayya brought cucumber, drumsticks, appadams, vadiyams and coconuts which were all liked by Ammalu’s husband very much. As Ammalu was always busy with her work, she usually could not find time to prepare the things such as appadams, vadiyams etc. When she expressed the same, her Akkayya consoled her that she didn’t know how she was able to manage work at home and in the office. Ammalu was very unhappy with her job. Sometimes, she felt like giving it up. But Akkayya’s thoughts were different. She felt that a job holder didn’t have to beg anyone for anything and Ammalu was able to lead a dignified life because of her job only. Akkayya yearned for the financial independence of a working woman whereas Ammalu longed for happy life of a house wife. Akkayya’s daughter was in her final year at school. She was determined to send her to college. She felt if a woman didn’t have a degree, she would come to nothing.

Bonsai Life Part 1 Glossary

exhaustion (n): extreme tiredness

vanish (v): disappear

mutter (v): complain about something privately

savour (n): enjoy eating

sumptuous (adj): grand

dignified (adj): deserving respect

elated (adj): very happy, excited

wretched (adj): very unhappy, miserable

uphill (adj): difficult

enthusiasm (n): a strong feeling of excitement and interest in something

sip (n): a very small amount of a drink that one takes into one’s mouth

apprehensive (adj): worried or frightened that something unpleasant may happen

avoided (v): prevented from happening

hesitate (v): to slow to speak or act because one feels uncertain or nervous

accustomed (u): familiar with something and accepting it as normal or usual

consoled (v): gave comfort or sympathy to somebody who is unhappy the grass is greener

on the otherside (idiom): It is said about people who never seem happy with what they have and always think that other people have a better situation than they have

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 2B The Cry of Children Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 2B The Cry of Children

8th Class English Chapter 2B The Cry of Children Textbook Questions and Answers

Comprehension

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What kind of places are the children working in?
Answer:
The children are working in the places such as coal factories, iron factories, jinning mills, shops, hotels, tea-stalls, automobile shops, fields, etc.

Question 2.
‘The reddest flower would look as pale as snow.’ What does the phrase ‘reddest flower’ refer to ? Why does it become pale?
Answer:
The phrase ‘reddest flower’ refers to the blood coloured eye of the child. It becomes pale as the child is very tired. (In the other sense, the reddest flower becomes pale before the red eyes of the children. The eyes of the children are very red in colour because of their restlessness and sleeplessness.)

Question 3.
How does the work affect the children?
Answer:
The children become very tired. They can’t run or leap as a normal child can. They want to sleep. They are not playful. They are very unhappy with their life.

Question 4.
Do children enjoy their lives when engaged in work?
Answer:
No, children don’t enjoy their lives when engaged in work. They don’t find any time to enjoy.

Question 5.
If the poem were written from the point of view of a factory owner, what kind of things would he say about children?
Answer:
If the poem were written from the point of view of a factory owner, he would say that the children were not doing their work properly. He would say that the children had to work hard. He would say that they were sitting leisurely.

Question 6.
What is the poet’s attitude towards child labour? Pick out the words/expressions that reveal her attitude.
Answer:
The poet’s sympathies are with the child labourers. She feels that the child labourer’s lives are very miserable. The expressions, “we are weary and we can’t run or leap”, “Our knees upon our faces”, “we drag our burden tiring”, “we drive the wheels of iron”, etc. reveal her attitude.

The Cry of Children Summary in English

In this poem E. Browning shows and criticises the sorrow of the children in those years how the exploitation was managed in coal mines and factories. In those days, children were working endlessly under deplorable conditions.
The children are tired and weary. They are fed up with the continuous work in the coal mines and iron factories. They have no joy of living. Their routine is always the same. They start their work early in the morning and finish it late in the evening. They don’t experience the sunlight in the dark undergrounds of the coal mines. They don’t have play time. They don’t have any happiness. They can’t run or jump. They want to sleep in the meadows. Their knees are trembling with their heavy work. Their eyelids are drooping with tiredness.

About the Poet

Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1861) was a great poet of English language. She published a Collection of Poems, Sonnets from the Portuguese, Aurora Leigh, The Seraphim and Other Poems. She married Robert Browning, a famous English poet and moved to Italy. Most of her poems deal with human emotions.

The Cry of Children Glossary

weary (adj): tired and lost all the strength

meadows (n): land that is covered with grass

merely (adv): only

sorely (adv): in a painful manner

drooping (adj): hanging downward

pale (adj): not bright/light in colour

stooping (n): bending ones body forwards and downwards

drag (v): to pull something along with effort and difficulty

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class Physical Science Important Questions Chapter 12 Stars and the Solar System

AP State Syllabus 8th Class Physical Science Important Questions 12th Lesson Stars and the Solar System

8th Class Physical Science 12th Lesson Stars and the Solar System 1 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is Dakshinayanam and Uttarayanam?
Answer:
When the sun looks like travelling towards south of the sky, it is called Dakshinayanam. When the sun looks like travelling towards north of the sky it is called the Uttarayanam.

Question 2.
What is a sundial?
Answer:
A clock based on shadows of an object due to sunlight is called sundial.

Question 3.
What are phases of the moon?
Answer:
The changes in appearance of moon are called phases of the moon.

Question 4.
Why does solar eclipse occurs only on a new moon day?
Answer:
A solar eclipse happens when moon passes between the earth and sun, causing people on earth to be completely or partially unable to see the sun, because the moon is in the way that is possible only on new moon day.

Question 5.
What are the spots on the moon?
Answer:
The black spots on moon are creators of different size which on seeing from earth appear as black spots during full moon day.

Question 6.
What are stars?
Answer:
The self luminous bodies which emit light and heat in the sky are called stars.

Question 7.
What are constellations?
Answer:
The group of stars which appear in the shape of animals or human beings are called constellations.

Question 8.
What is a galaxy? Our sun belongs to which galaxy?
Answer:
A group of stars which contains millions of stars are called galaxy. Our sun belongs to Milky way galaxy.

Question 9.
Which makes our universe?
Answer:
Millions of galaxies together makes our universe.

Question 10.
What is the solar system?
Answer:
The sun and the celestial bodies which revolve around it form the solar system. It consists of large number of bodies such as planets, comets, asteroids and meteors.

Question 11.
Why planets are revolves around the sun?
Answer:
The planets are revolving around sun because of gravitational attraction between the sun and planets.

Question 12.
What is period of revolution? How does it vary?
Answer:
The time taken by a planet to complete one revolution around sun is called period of revolution. As the distance of the planet from the sun increases period of revolution increases.

Question 13.
What is period of rotation?
Answer:
The time taken by a planet to complete one rotation is called period of rotation.

Question 14.
What is satellite? What is natural satellite of earth?
Answer:
Any celestial body revolving around another celestial body is called its satellite.
The natural satellite of earth is moon.

Question 15.
The earth is revolves around the sun. Does it make earth a satellite of the sun?
Answer:
The earth can be said to be a satellite of the sun, though generally we call it a planet of sun. We use the term satellite for the bodies revolving around planets.

Question 16.
What are artificial satellites?
Answer:
There are many man made satellites revolving round the earth. These are called artificial satellites.

Question 17.
Does the sun rise in the east on Venus? If the answer is no what is the reason?
Answer:
No, the reason is Venus rotates from east to west. So, on Venus the sun rises on west.

Question 18.
Why Mars is called red planet?
Answer:
Mars is called red planet because the breakdown of iron rich rocks creates a rusty dust on the planet.

Question 19.
How earth appears from space?
Answer:
The earth appears blue green due to the reflection of light from water and Iandmass on its surface.

Question 20.
What are the planets which revolve from east to west?
Answer:
Venus and Uranus are two planets which revolve from east to west.

Question 21.
What are asteroids? Where does they present?
Answer:
Small objects revolve around the sun are called asteroids. They are present between Mars and Jupiter.

Question 22.
What is Halley? When does it last appear? Can you tell when Halley visible again?
Answer:
Halley is a comet, which is periodically appear for every 76 years. I was last seen in 1986. It will visible once again in the year 2062.

Question 23.
What are the artificial satellites launched by India?
Answer:
Aryabhatta, INSAT, IRS, Kalpana-I, EDUSAT, etc. are some satellites launched by India.

Question 24.
Why Pluto is not consider as a planet?
Answer:
International Astronomical Union (IAU) decided that Pluto was no more a planet because it does not follow the rule of “cleared the neighbourhood.” That means sometimes it is entering into orbit of Neptune.

Question 25.
What is an orbit?
Answer:
A planet has a definite path in which it revolve around the sun. This path is called an orbit.

8th Class Physical Science 12th Lesson Stars and the Solar System 2 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write briefly about sun.
Answer:

1. The sun is the nearest star to us.
2. It is continuously emitting huge amounts of heat and light and other electromagnetic radiations.
3. The sun is the source of almost all energy on the earth.
4. In fact, the sun is the main source of heat and light for all planets of our solar system.

Question 2.
What are planets? Why they appear brightly than stars?
Answer:

1. The big steady bodies shining more brightly than stars in the clear sky are called planets.
2. They are not self luminous like stars. They appear brightly because they just act like mirrors and reflecting the sun light and heat falling on them.

Question 3.
What are the motions of planets?
Answer:
Every planet has two types of motion.

1. Revolution motion: Moving around the sun.
2. Rotation motion: Moving around an axis passing through it.

Question 4.
Why earth is only planet on which life known to exist?
Answer:

1. Earth is only planet on which life exists in the solar system the reason is some environmental conditions are responsible for the existence and continuation of life on the earth.
2. These include just the right distance from the sun so that it has right temperature range, the presence of water and suitable atmosphere and a blanket of ozone.

Question 5.
What are comets? Write briefly about comets.
Answer:

1. Comets are members of our solar system.
2. They revolve around the sun in highly elliptical orbits.
3. A comet appears generally as a bright head with a long tail.
4. The length of the tail grows in size as it approches the sun.
5. The tail of comet always directed away from the sun.
6. Their period of revolution round the sun is usually very long. Many comets are known to appear periodically.

Question 6.
Why does pole star seem to be stationary?
Answer:
The Pole Star is situated in the direction of the earth’s axis and that is why it does not appear to move even though all stars appear that they are moving because of the rotation of earth. So the pole star seems to be stationary.

Question 7.
What factors to be taken into consideration to view the pole star at your place?
Answer:
The position of pole star is fixed and does not change.
a) We can locate the pole star with the help of two constellations Great bear and Cassiopeia.
b) If you are able to spot only the Great bear look at the two stars that form the outer side of rectangular head.
c) Extend the imaginary line from these two stars.
d) Pole star will be located on that extended line with a distance about 5 times the distance between the two stars.
e) If only Cassiopeia is visible, the pole star will be located on the line extended from the middle star.

Question 8.
Name the periodic comet. Why is it so called?
Answer:

1. Halley’s comet is periodic comet. It is called periodic comet because it appears after regular interval of time.
2. A comet is visible only when it approches the sun because the sun’s rays makes the gas glow.
3. Halley’s comet has a period of 76 years i.e., it is seen after every 76 years.

Question 9.
What do you mean by remote sensing satellite?
Answer:

1. It is the acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object.
2. It is generally the use of aerial sensor technologies to detect and classify objects on the earth by means of propagated signals.

Question 10.
Why are meteors commonly called shooting stars?
Answer:

1. When meteor enters the atmosphere of the earth at high speeds, these are heated up.
2. The heat produced is so high and the meteors start glowing and eventually evaporated within a short period of time.
3. The growing meteor bursts leaving behind a streaks of light. Therefore they are called shooting stars.

Question 11.
How does the motions of a satellite differ from a planet?
Answer:
A satellite revolve around same planet in a fixed orbit while a planet revolves around the sun in a fixed orbit. Planets revolve faster than satellites.

8th Class Physical Science 12th Lesson Stars and the Solar System 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
When does a solar eclipse occurs? Explain different types of solar eclipse.
Answer:
A solar eclipse occurs when the shadow of the moon falls on the earth. It occurs only on new moon day.
Types of solar eclipse:

1. Total solar eclipse: It occurs when the moon completely covers the sun, as seen from earth.
2. Partial solar eclipse: It can be observed when only the partially shaded out region of the shadow cast by moon (Lunar penumbra) touches the earth.
3. Annular eclipse: It occurs when the moon appears smaller than the sun as it passes centrally across the solar disk and a bright ring, or annulus, of sunlight remains visible during eclipse.
4. Hybrid eclipses: These are a rare form of solar eclipse, which changes from an annular to a total solar eclipse along its path.

Question 2.
When does a lunar eclipse occurs? Explain different types of lunar eclipses.
Answer: A Lunar eclipse occurs when the shadow of the earth falls on the moon. It occurs only on full moon day.
Types of Lunar Eclipse:

1. Total lunar eclipse: It occurs when the earth’s shadow (umbra) obscures all of the moon’s visible surface.
2. Partial lunar eclipse: It can be observed only when part of the moon’s visible surface is obscured by the earth’s shadow.
3. Penumbral lunar eclipse: It happens when the moon travels through the partially shaded outer region of the shadow cast by the earth (earth’s penumbra).

Question 3.
Write an activity to show how path of sun and moon changes during solar eclipse.
Answer:
Make two discs one white and one black of the size of sun and moon in figure.

We shall now find the centres of the sun and moon at each stage. To do this take the white disc we have made and place it exactly on the white portion of any of the stages of diagram.
Pierce a hole through the centre of white with a pin to mark the spot at the centre of the sun’s position at that stage in the diagram. Remove the white disc and mark the spot with the pencil.
In this way, mark the sun’s centre at every stage of the eclipse in diagram. Join the spots with a line. This line depicts the path of the sun.
To find the moon path, repeat the exercise, but this time use the black disk and mark the centres of the black portions at each stage of the eclipse. Join these spots with a line and we will get the path of moon during the eclipse.

Question 4.
Write briefly about meteors.
Answer:

1. At night, when the sky is clear and the moon is not visible we may sometimes see bright streaks of the light in the sky.
2. These are commonly known as shooting stars.
3. They are not stars, they are meteors.
4. A meteor is a small object that occasionally enters the earth’s atmosphere.
5. It has a very high speed.
6. The friction due to atmosphere heats it up.
7. It glows and evaporates quickly.
8. That is why the bright streak lasts for a very short time.
9. Some meteors are large and so they can reach the earth before they evaporate completely.

Question 5.
How people came to an understanding that earth is spherical?
Answer:
In olden days people felt that earth is flat because it looks flat. However they had a doubt, if it is flat how does the water in ocean remain there, Why does it not spell out of the earth ? To get clarity they assumed fencing around flat earth. After that,

1. they assumed shape of earth is round by observing the shadow of earth in lunar eclipse. In every eclipse they found the shape of the earth is in round even though there is a chance of getting linear, elliptical shadows by a circular object.
2. some sailors who started their journey in ocean, reached the same place after travelling large distance in one direction only.
3. observing ships approaching the port also helped to change their opinion about the shape of the earth, that is, usually they see smoke of the ship first and then top of the ship after that the whole ship.
4. observations about the movement of stars. Different stars visible from different places on the earth also helped to think about the shape of the earth.
5. in 1969 when man landed on the moon and observed the earth’s shape from the moon and it is spherical.

Question 6.
How does people came to an understanding that earth rotates on its own axis?
Answer: People from olden days thought that earth is located in the centre of the universe with sun, moon and stars moving around it. They also thought that sun, moon and stars are located on transparent concentric spheres surrounding the earth, because they are not falling down.
The three spheres are rotating on their axis from east to west that is why sun, moon and stars appear to revolve from east to west around the earth. They also assumed that the shpere on which sun is located rotates east to west and oscillate from south to north that is why Uttarayanam and Dakshinayanam are happening.
Because of the uneven movement of some stars (actually they are planets) which they observed, it is very difficult to explain model of universe which required so many transparent spheres around earth. Nicholas Copernicus suggested that sun is at the centre of universe and all other celestial objects are revolving around the sun from west to east. It was assumed that earth rotates on its axis. This model explain the occurence of day and night.
In this way people came to an understanding that earth rotates on its axis.

Question 7.
Conduct an experiment to find out the local noon time of your village/town.
Answer:

1. Take a stick which is a little over a meter long and fix vertically in the ground.
2. Make your first observation at nine in the morning. Make a mark with a nail or peg at the point where the tip of the shadow falls on the ground. Measure the length of the shadow.
3. Then make similar observations for every half an hour throughout the day till four in the evening.
4. Use a clock to fix the time for making your observations.
5. Enter the measurements of the length of the shadow and the time of measurement in a table making two columns, one for time and other for length of shadow.
6. Find the time when the shortest show occurs.
7. That gives the local noon time at that place.

Question 8.
Collect the information what the Chandrayaan-I brought the information from the Moon through news papers, magazines.
Answer:
Our country launched Chandrayan -1 (Satellite to moon) on 22nd October 2008 to know about the moon.
The objectives of Chandrayan -1 are:

1. To check the possibility of finding water on the moon.
2. Finding out the elements of matter on moon.
3. To search for Helium – 3.
4. To make 3 – dimensional atlas of the moon.
5. To study about the evolution of the solar system.

Now India is one of the six countries which have sent satellites to the moon.

Question 9.
What are Asteroids? Name the largest sun asteroid.
Answer:
Asteroids:

1. There are small lumps of rocks orbiting round the Sun between Jupiter and Mars. They are considered to be remains of a much larger planet which broken up due to gravitational effect of jupiter.
2. They are small in size.
3. The size of an asteroid may vary from a kilometer to a few hundred kilometers.
4. Ceres is the largest known asteroid.
5. Its diameter is 633 km and it was discovered in 1801.
6. There are about 1,00,000 asteriods.

Question 10.
What is the difference between meteor and meteorite?
Answer:
a) Meteor: Meteors are stony or metallic bodies of very small size, travelling in interplanetary space and become visible when they travel through the earth’s surface. The meteors are also called shooting stars.
b) Meteorite: While travelling through the earth’s atmosphere, these fast moving bodies (meteors) get heated up to a very high temperature by air friction. The heat produced is so high that the meteor starts glowing and then burnt last. The very large meteors are able to survive from such heat destruction and actually reach the earth’s surface. These meteors are called meteorites.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 2A Oliver Asks for More Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 2A Oliver Asks for More

8th Class English Chapter 2A Oliver Asks for More Textbook Questions and Answers

Read the saying given below and answer the questions that follow.

Question 1.
What does the sentence mean?
Answer:
Home is the happiest place in the world for all of us. No other place gives us comfort and protection as the home gives us. No other place makes us happy as the home does.

Question 2.
Do you agree/disagree with the view expressed in it? Why?
Answer:
Yes, I agree with the view expressed in it. To me, the home is the best place to live in. In our home, we find happiness and comfort as we get the company of our parents and siblings. We must be grateful to god for giving us a chance to live with our parents and siblings in our home. Our parents care for us. They can do all they can to make us happy. We get love and warmth of our family members in our home. The other places may make us happy temporarily but the home is the place where we experience all sorts of happiness.

Comprehension

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
How did Oliver feel when he was told to appear before the live board?
Answer:
Oliver Twist did not have any clearly defined notion of what a live board was. So, he was rather astonished by this information and was not quite certain whether he ought to laugh or cry. He had no time to think about the matter.

Question 2.
Why did Oliver tremble and cry in the white-washed room?
Answer:
Mr. Bumble led Oliver into a large white-washed room where eight or ten fat gentlemen were sitting around a table. Oliver was frightened at the sight of so many gentlemen. This made him tremble. The beadle gave him a tap on his back with his cane when he didn’t answer the gentleman’s question and it made him cry.

Question 3.
“What is that, sir?” inquired poor Oliver. What does ‘that’ refer to 111
Answer:
‘That’ refers to ‘orphan’.

Question 4.
What kind of people were the members of the board? Justify your opinion.
Answer:
The members of the board were very wise and philosophical men. They were unhappy when they came to know that the workhouse was the regular place of public entertainment for the poorer classes. They didn’t have any mercy or sympathy towards the poor. They were shocked when they came to know that it was all play and no work in works house. They were of the opinion that the poor should starve quickly outside the workhouse or gradually inside the house. So, they ordered to restrict the food given to the poor. If anyone demanded (or requested) for more, he would be thrown out.

Question 5.
What main differences do you notice between the children and the master? (Observe the physical appearances, dress, behaviour, etc.) What can you infer from these differences?
Answer:
The children were very thin. They dressed in rags. They were all very frightened of the board, the beadle and the master. They even didn’t have enough food to eat. They had to do some work. The master wore cook’s uniform. He was fat and healthy. He didn’t have any mercy on the children. He was authoritative.

Question 6.
How do you look at Oliver’s request, ‘Please, sir, / want some more!’? What compelled him to say this?
Answer:
Oliver Twist and his companions suffered the tortures of slow starvation. They became wild with hunger. A tall boy of them announced that he would eat the boy who slept next to him unless he had enough food to eat. A council was held and it was decided that Oliver should ask the master for more. That evening after they had eaten the served gruel, Oliver went to the master and requested him for more. Thus, the hunger of the tall boy compelled him to say this. His hunger and misery too compelled him to say this.

Question 7.
What happened to Oliver at the end of the story?
Answer:
At the end of the story Oliver was ordered into instant confinement. A bill was next morning pasted on the outside of the gate, offering a reward of five pounds to anybody who would take Oliver off the hands of the parish. In other words, five pounds and Oliver Twist were offered to any man or woman who wanted an apprentice to any trade, business or profession.

Question 8.
Do you find children like Oliver around you? How would you help them to live better?
Answer:
Yes. I find one or two boys like Oliver around us. I would help them by giving the clothes, the food, the money as much as I can. I would inform the organisations who take care of orphan children.

Vocabulary

I. Look at the underlined part in the following sentence.

“You have come here to be educated…” said the red-faced gentleman.
The word ‘red-faced’ is called a Compound Adjective.
The phrase ‘red-faced gentleman’ is a short form of ‘a gentleman with a red face’.

Question 1.
Pick out the phrases with Compound Adjectives from the story or elsewhere and write how they can be rewritten to express the same meaning.
a. ———————————
b. ———————————
c. ———————————
Answer:
Phrases with Compound Adjectives and their rewritten form with the same meaning.
(a) gold-laced cuff : a cuff with gold lace
(b) white-washed room: a room that was white-washed
(c) one-eyed man: a man with one eye
(d) long-legged insect: an insect with long legs
(e) fat-bodied woman: a woman with fat body

Question 2.
Change the underlined parts in the following paragraph into compound adjectives. Rewrite the paragraph in your notebook.
Sachin Tendulkar is a cricketer who is famous all over the world. He is a batsman playing with right hand. He has many world records to his credit which are mind blowing. Besides all these, he is a person with a kind heart. He works with an NGO (Non-Governmental Organization) based in Mumbai to help more than 200 orphans every year.
Answer:
Sachin Tendulkar is a world-famous cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman. He has many mind-blowing world records to his credit. Besides all these, he is a kind-hearted person. He works with a Mumbai-based NGO (Non-Governmental Organization! to help more than 200 orphans every year.

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks with appropriate compound adjectives from the box given below.

Latha is a —-(1)—- girl. She speaks kindly with her classmates. Look at her, she is wearing an —-(2)—- dress. She does not like to wear —-(3)—- dresses. Don’t you think Latha is a —-(4)—- girl?
Answer:
1) soft-spoken
2) old-fashioned
3) brand-new
4) well-mannered

Grammar

I. Look at the following sentence taken from the story.
‘The boy is a fool,’ said the gentleman in the white waistcoat.
As you know, the above underlined expression, can be changed in to a question.
How do we change the above statement into a question? By putting the auxiliary verb before the subject ‘the boy’.

Look at some more sentences.
1. ‘I understand that he asked for more.’
‘Do I understand that he asked for more ?’
2. ‘Oliver asks for more.’
Does Oliver ask for more ?
3. ‘The boys took their places.’
Did the boys take their places?
These sentences are changed into a question by placing ‘do/does/did at the beginning, such questions are called Yes / No questions.
Change the following statements into Yes/No questions.
1. Oliver was frightened at the sight of so many gentlemen.
———————————
2. You are an orphan.
———————————
3. You say your prayers every night.
———————————
4. You will pick oakum tomorrow morning.
———————————
5. Mr. Bumble rushed into the room.
———————————
6. They can devour the big bowl.
———————————
7. Boys have generally excellent appetite.
———————————
Answer:
1. Was Oliver frightened at the sight of so many gentlemen?
2. Are you an orphan?
3. Do you say your prayers every night?
4. Will you pick oakum tomorrow morning?
5. Did Mr. Bumble rush into the room?
6. Can they devour the big bowl?
7. Do boys generally have excellent appetite?

II. Read the following sentence taken from the story.
“You were brought up by the parish, weren’t you?”
In this sentence ‘weren’t you?’ at the end is called a question tag. Question tags are used to get information or confirmation. The question tags are positive if the statements are negative. And if the statements are positive, questions tags are negative. These tags are short/contracted form of questions. If the statement has an auxiliary, the tag begins with an auxiliary. In case it does not have an auxiliary, it will begin with do/does/did.

Read the following dialogue to understand the usage of question tags.

Ramu: The weather is good today, isn’t it?
Vijay: Indeed, Ramu.
Ramu: How about going out now? Hope you’ll join me, won’t you?
Vijay: I’ve got some important work now, I am afraid.

Read the following dialogue that took place at a party. Add suitable question tags to complete it.

Rohit: Hi, I’ve met you before, —-(1)—-
Suma: No, I don’t think so.
Rohit: But your name is Vani, —-(2)—-
Suma: No, it’s Suma! Anyway, glad to meet you.
Rohit: Me too. This is Rohit. The party seems to be really lively, —-(3)—-
Suma: Yes, definitely. We enjoy ourselves a lot on such occasions, —-(4)—-
Rohit: Yeah, we do.
Answer:
1) haven’t I?
2) isn’t it?
3) doesn’t it?
4) don’t we?

Writing

I. Anne Frank was a Uttle girl of thirteen. She was as lonely as Oliver Twist. When the German army invaded her country, she had to hide in a small building with her family. She suffered a lot. She recorded her feelings and thoughts in her diary.
Friday, 1st October, 1942.
Just for fun, I am going to tell you each person’s first wish, when we are allowed to go out again. Mrs. Van says, ‘If I go out, I’ll eat cream cakes.’ Dussel says, ‘If I am let free, I’ll run to see my wife Lotje.’ Mummy says, ‘I will have a cup of coffee.’ Peter says, ‘I will go to the cinema.’ I long for so many things. But I long for a home of our own.

1. What did Anne write in her diary?

• personal feelings/thoughts/reflections
• events other than routine
• future plans

2. Did you notice any variety in the sentences?
3. Are all the sentences connected with each other properly?
After facing the live board, Oliver returned to his bed crying. He sat up to write his diary. Now, imagine you are Oliver Twist. Attempt a diary entry with the above
features in mind.
Answer:
Monday, 12th August, 20xx
What a miserable day in my life! Just now I have appeared before the live board. Actually I don’t have any idea about a live board. Mr. Bumble informed me, ‘Today, you have to appear before the live board forthwith”. I was rather surprised. I was not quite certain whether I ought to laugh or cry. I had no time to think about the matter then. Mr. Bumble told me, “Follow me”. So, I followed him into a large white-washed room. There were eight or ten gentlemen sitting round a table. A fat gentleman with a very round, red face sat in an arm chair rather higher than the rest. Bumble said, “Bow to the board”. I brushed away two or three years that were lingering in my eyes. I didn’t find any board. I only saw a table. So I bowed to that. ’Whats your name, boy?’ said the gentleman in the high chair. I was frightened at the sight of so many gentlemen, which made me tremble. As I didn’t answer the question, the beadle gave me a tap on my back with his cane and immediately I started crying, the gentleman in the high chair. I was frightened at the sight of so many gentlemen, which made me tremble. As I didn’t answer the question, the beadle gave me a tap on my back with his cane and immediately I started crying. The gentleman in the high chair asked me “Do you know you’re an orphan?” I didn’t understand his question. So, I asked him ‘What’s that, sir”? The gentleman in the white waistcoat remarked, “The boy is a fool”.
The red-faced gentleman in the high chair said, ‘You have come here to be educated and taught a useful trade”. The gentleman in the white waistcoat added You’ll begin to pick oakum tomorrow morning at six o’clock”. I bowed low and rushed into my room. I sobbed myself to sleep on a rough, hard bed. How disgusting all it is! I don’t want to stay here any more. I certainly will leave it. We don’t have any independence here. They don’t allow us to play, run or jump. Here we are living like slaves. We don’t have enough food either. They don’t show any mercy on us. No, I won’t stay here even a minute more. Now itself I shall start.

Oliver Asks for More Summary in English

Oliver, an orphan boy, was brought to a children’s home. Mr. Bumble, the beadle, informed Oliver that he had to appear before the board at once. As he did not have any idea of a live board, he was astonished and was not quite certain whether he ought to laugh or cry. Mr. Bumble took him into a large white-washed room where eight or ten fat gentlemen were sitting round a table. Mr. Bumble ordered Oliver to bow to the board. Seeing no board but the table, Oliver bowed to the table. He was frightened at the sight of them and trembled. The beadle tapped on his back with his cane and he cried. The gentleman in the high chair asked Oliver if he knew that he was an orphan. Oliver couldn’t understand his question as he had no idea of an orphan. The gentlemen reminded Oliver that he was brought up by the parish and asked him to pray for them and take care of him like a Christian. The gentleman in the white waistcoat ordered Oliver to begin to pick oakum the following day morning at six o’clock. Oliver made a low bow and hurried away to a large ward sobbing himself to sleep on a rough, hard bed. The members of the board were very wise and philosophical men. They discovered that the workhouse was the regular place of public entertainment for the poorer classes. They opined that the poor should starve quickly outside the workhouse or gradually inside it. They decided the inmates of the workhouse would be issued three meals of thin gruel a day, with an onion twice a week. As a result, the number of workhouse inmates got smaller and they shrank in size. Oliver and his companions suffered the tortures of slow starvation for three months. They became wild with hunger. One day a tall boy announced that he would eat the boy who slept next to him unless he was given extra gruel. A council was held and it was decided that Oliver should ask the master for more. That evening the gruel was served and they ate it up. The boys winked at Oliver and nudged him. Oliver advanced to the master and requested him for more gruel. The master got a rage and aimed a blow at Oliver’s head with the ladle. He reported it to the beadle. Mr. Bumble, the beadle rushed into the gentlemen’s room and reported the same. The gentleman in the white waistcoat opined that the boy would be hung. Nobody contradicted his opinion and Oliver was ordered into instant confinement. The following morning a bill was pasted offering five pounds to those who would take Oliver as an apprentice to any trade, business or profession.

About the author

Charles Dickens (1812-1870) is a well known English novelist. Due to his father’s imprisonment Charles left school and worked in a shoe factory. While he was working as a office boy he launched his writing career. His novels Oliver Twist, Great Expectations, Pickwick Papers, Bleak House, A Tale of Two Cities and David Copperfield brought him name all over the world. He went on lecture tours to America and got literary reputation. He focussed on social issues and human ailments in his works.

Oliver Asks for More Glossary

beadle (n): an official of a church

parish (n): a church committee

oakum (n): loose fibre obtained by untwisting and picking apart old ropes

surly (adj): serious or angry

gruel (n): a thin liquid food of oats, rice, etc.

devoured (v): ate hungrily or quickly

appetite (n): the desire to eat, hunger

voracious (adj): wanting great quantities of food

stupefied (adj): shocked

paralyzed (v): became motionless

ladle (n): a long handled spoon used to serve liquids

countenance (n): a person’s face or facial expression

confinement (n): putting in a prison or a closed room

apprentice (n): one who works under a skilled person

stride (n): one long step

grasped (v): took a firm hold of something

cuff (n): the bottom of the leg of a pair of trousers/pants that has been folded over on the outside

forthwith (adv): immediately, at once

trotted (v): moved forward at a speed that is faster than a walk

lingering (v): continuing to exist

gruff (adj): deep and rough, and often sounding unfriendly

stammered (v): spoke with difficulty

sobbed (v): cried noisily taking sudden, sharp breaths

starve (v): to suffer or die, because one doesn’t have enough food to eat

winked (v): closed one eye and opened it again quickly, especially as a private signal to somebody

nudged (v): pushed somebody gently with one’s elbow

paralyzed (v): made somebody unable to feel or move all or part of their body

faint (adj): that can’t be clearly seen, heard or smelt

depicted (v): gave an impression of something

contradicted (v): said that something that somebody else had said was wrong

calling (n): a profession or career

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 4C Maestro with a Mission Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 4C Maestro with a Mission

8th Class English Chapter 4C Maestro with a Mission Textbook Questions and Answers

Comprehension

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Vempati Chinna Satyam left his house on a purpose. Do you think he was successful at the end?
Answer:
Yes, Vempati China Satyam was successful at the end. He wanted to elevate the status of Kuchipudi he had learnt from his great gurus. He decided to dedicate his life for the enrichment of that art form. So, he left his house for Madras. He carved a niche in Telugu film industry as a Kuchipudi dance director. He established Kuchipudi Art Academy in 1963 in Madras. He composed and choreographed as many as 180 solo items and 15 dance dramas. All his disciples were distinguished ones such as Shanta Rao, Yamini Krishna Murthy, Vfyjayanthimala Bali, Hema Malini, Manju Bhargavi, Shoba Naidu, Bala Kondala Rao and Daggubati Purandheshwari. He was conferred many awards. All the Telugu speakers identify themselves with ‘Kuchipudi’. The rest of the world looks at Kuchipudi and Dr. Vempati’s stupendous work with reverent eyes. Thus, Dr. Vempati was successful when he elevated the status of Kuchipudi.

Question 2.
When the stationmaster asked Satyam “Where are you going, dear?,” he kept silent.
Now choose one of the options that is not the reason for the silence.
a. He was determined to achieve something. [  ]
b. He was determined and confident about his destiny. [  ]
c. He was not determined or confident about his destiny. [  ]
Answer:
c. He was not determined or confident about his destiny. [ ✓ ]

Question 3.
If the eighteen year old lad hadn’t left his village, Kuchipudi would not have gained this popularity. Do you agree/disagree? Why?
Answer:
Yes, I agree with this statement. Kuchipudi originated in the village of Kuchipudi and was performed at temples at the time of annual festivals and in streets on the demand of the people. Only the males perform this art in those days. Though great gurus like Vedantam Lakshminarayana, Chinta Krishna Murthy enriched and transformed it completely, it was not much popular. It was not recognized on a par with other classical dances. The eighteen year old lad wanted to elevate the status of Kuchipudi, left his village and finally succeeded. So, if he hadn’t left his village, Kuchipudi wouldn’t have gained this popularity.

Question 4.
Is it appropriate to call him Dr. Vempati? Do you agree? Why (not)?
Answer:
Yes, it is appropriate to call him Dr. Vempati. Kuchipudi gained the popularity because of him only. He had been passionate about Kuchipudi since his childhood. Though he was not a good performer of Kuchipudi in the early stages, he didn’t lose hopes. He learnt the difficult aspects of Kuchipudi style from Tadepalli Peraiah Sastry and Vedantam Lakshminarayana Sastry. They inspired him very much. Later he did so much to the development and emergence of Kuchipudi to a full-fledged dance form. So it was appropriate to call him Dr. Vempati.

Writing

Based on the details of the famous singer, S.P. Bala Subrahmanyam given below, write a biographical sketch of him.

Full name: Sirpathi Panditaradhyula Balasubrahmanyam
Date of Birth: 4th June 1946
Place of Birth: Konetammapeta, Nellore District
State: Andhra Pradesh
Educational qualifications: Engineering
Entry into film field: 1966
First Film : Sri Sri Sri Maryada Ramanna
Entry into Bollywood: in 1980
Total number of songs sung: About 40.000
Other credits: Noted dubbing artist.
Actor: Acted in a number of Telugu films
TV programmes: Leading many TV programmes.
Awards:

1. National Film Award for best male playback singer — 6 times
2. Nandi Awards from Government of Andhra Pradesh — 25 times
3. State Award from Tamil Nadu
4. State Award from Karnataka
5. Padma Shri Award
6. Padma Bhushan

Answer:
Mr. S.R Bala Subrahmanyam is a famous singer. His full name is Sripathi Panditaradhyala Bala Subrahmanyam. He was born on 4th June, 1946 at Konetammapeta, Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh. He was a graduate in engineering. His entry into film field was made in 1966. He sang for the film Sri Sri Sri Maryada Ramanna for the first time in his life. He entered Bollywood in 1980. He has sung about 40,000 songs in all the languages till now. He is also a noted dubbing artist. He acted in a number of Telugu films. He has already led a number of TV programmes and is leading many of them now. He was rightly conferred the ‘Padma Bhushan’ and ‘Padma Shri’ Awards by our government. He was given ‘Nation Film Award’ for best male play back singer for six times. He received ‘Nandi Awards’ from government of Andhra Pradesh for 25 times. Tamil Nadu and Karnataka honoured him with ‘State Awards’.

Listening

I. Listen to the news bulletin read by your teacher and answer the following questions.

The News

This is All India Radio, giving you the news. The headlines. The Government of AP all set to declare a new art & cultural policy. A new cultural programme to be launched to show the Government’s commitment to cultural development of the state. Exhibitions and other activities to mark the new programme.
The news in detail…

The Government of AP is all set to declare a new art and cultural policy. The policy is expected to stress the development of arts and crafts of the state. The Chief Minister is expected to announce the policy today at Ravindra Bharati, Hyderabad.

As per the Government sources, a drive under this programme will benefit the artists of Kuchipudi, Burrakatha, Oggukatha and Harikatha. Puppet shows would be made compulsory in all the Government organized programmes, they said.

According to the Handicrafts Minister, 51 new cultural centres would be started to boost the sales of Nirmal, Etikoppaka and Kondapalli toys. He also stated that handloom weaving would be given due importance. Dharmavaram, Pochampalli, Venkatagiri, Mangalagiri, Ponduru weavers would get interest free loans.
The headlines once again. The Government of AP all set to declare a new cultural policy. That’s the end of this news bulletin.

Have a good day!

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What are the highlights of the news bulletin?
Answer:
The highlights of the news bulletin are:

1. The Government of Andhra Pradesh all set to declare a new art and cultural policy.
2. Exhibitions and other activities will be conducted to mark the new programme.
3. The artists of Kuchipudi, Burrakatha, Oggu katha and Hari katha will be benefited.
4. New cultural centres would be started to boost the sales of Nirmal, Etikoppa and Kondapalli toys.
5. Dharmavaram, Pochampalli, Venkatagiri, Mangalagiri, Ponduru weavers would get interest free loans.

Question 2.
Where is the art and culture polity programme going to be announced? Who is going to be benefited from this policy?
Answer:
The art and culture policy programme is going to be announced at Ravindra Bharathi, Hyderabad. The artists of Kuchipudi, Burrakatha, Oggu katha and Hari katha are going to be benefited from this policy.

Question 3.
How will the weavers be benefited from this polity?
Answer:
Dharmavaram, Pochampalli, Venkatagiri, Mangalagiri, Ponduru weavers would get interest free loans.

Study Skills

I. India is a land of culture and tradition. One aspect of culture is dance. India has six major types of dances: Bharathanatyam, Kathakali, Kuchipudi, Kathak, Odissi and Manipuri.
The information can be transformed into a tree diagram.

Here is some information about musical instruments in India:
In India, we have some musical instruments. The shehanai is an Indian wind instrument. This is played during auspicious functions. The harmonium is a wind instrument, having its roots in Europe. The sitar is one of the prime musical instruments of Indian music. It is a stringed instrument. The tampura is another stringed instrument. Among the stringed instruments, the veena is the most ancient stringed instrument. The tabla is a percussion instrument. The flute/bansuri is a wind instrument. The violin is a stringed instrument played with a bow.
Now, convert the above information Into a tree diagram.

Project work

Identify a performing artist like a singer, a dancer or any other artist in your village or town. He/She might not be a famous person. Go to him/her. Collect the details about him/her.
You can take the help of the following questions for interviewing.

1. Who are your parents?
2. What is your place of birth?
3. Who taught you this art?
4. Are there any specific reasons for taking up this art?
5. Does the community around you support you?
6. Does this art make you financially independent?
7. Would you give any message to the student community?

Fill the following table based on the information you have collected.

Prepare a brief profile and exhibit it in your classroom.
Answer:

Yesterday, I met M. Sekhar, one of the popular singers in our village. His parents are Chaya Devi and Prakash. He was born at Nuziveedu, his grandparents’ place. He has a passion for singing since his childhood. He wanted to become a play back singer in film industry. After completion of his SSC, he left his village for Hyderabad. He learnt the music from M. Rama Rao, a great guru. The community around him gave him much support in the process of becoming a singer. He got chances to sing in two or three Telugu films. He is a regular singer in all kinds of festive occasions. Now, he is leading a middle-class life. His message to all of us is that we should show determination and dedication in the process of achieving our goal.

Writing an e-mail

Electronic mail, commonly referred to as email or e-mail, is a method of exchanging digital messages from an author to one or more recipients.
In order to send or receive e-mail messages, you need to create an account to access the service. You must need an internet connection for this purpose.
The messages you receive is stored in the mailbox created for your account. You can re-read the message anytime, delete it if you want to or even forward it to others.

• The address of the recipient is to be typed in the ‘to’ text field.
• The subject, if any, of the message is typed in the ‘subject’ field.
• The ‘message’ is to be typed in the message field.
• If you want to attach any files you can attach to the ‘attachment’ field.
• Click on the ‘send’ in order to send the message.

Messages sent by e-mail normally reach a recipient’s account within seconds. Through mails you can send pictures, documents in addition to messages.
You can send anything to anywhere in the world.

Maestro with a Mission Summary in English

Dr. Vempati Chinna Satyam was born to Venkata Chalamaiah and Varalakshmi on 15th, October 1929. He was survived by his wife Swarajya Lakshmi, two sons and three daughters. He faced many hardships in his childhood. He had a strong desire to learn Kuchipudi. Though his teacher ridiculed him, he didn’t lose his interest in Kuchipudi. His passionate dream was to elevate the status of an art form he had learnt from his great gurus. He decided to dedicate his life for the enrichment of that art form. So, he left his house for Madras when he was eighteen. He walked all the way to Madras. On his long way, he fed himself on plantains and water.

The Kuchipudi dance form originated in the village of Kuchipudi. The art was performed at temples at the time of annual festivals and in streets for a long time. Though it was transformed by great gurus like Vedantam Lakshminarayana, Chinta Krishna Murthy, it was not much popular. It was not recognised on a par with other classical dances. Dr. Vempati learnt the difficult aspects of Kuchipudi style from Tadepalli Peraiah Sastry and Vedantam Lakshminarayana Sastry. He wanted to popularize Kuchipudi all over the world. He gained reputation as a dance director in Telugu film industry by composing the dance sequences in the films “Narthanasala”, “Devadasu” and “Pandava Vanavasam”. He established Kuchipudi Art Academy in 1963 in Madras. Dr. Vempati composed and choreographed as many as 180 solo items and 15 dance dramas. The distinguished performers Shanta Rao, Yamini Krishna Murthy, Vyjayanthimala Bali, Hema Malini, Manju Bhargavi, Shobha Naidu, Bala Kondala Rao and Daggubati Purandheshwari were all Dr. Vempati’s disciples.

Dr. Vempati was conferred ‘Padma Bhushan’ by the government of India. Andhra University awarded him an honorary doctorate in 1980 and Sri Venkateswara University honoured him with D. Litt. in 1983. The mayor of Miami, USA presented him ‘Golden Key’ in 1981. He was presented ‘Raja-Lakshmi’ award. The TTD made him the ‘Asthana Natyacharya’ in 1976. He led an illustrious life of 83 years and passed away on 29th July 2012. The rest of the world looks at Kuchipudi and Dr. Vempati’s stupendous work with respectful eyes. He is rightly called “Maestro with a Mission” as he remains the source of inspiration for the people who work for Kuchipudi. He remains at the centre stage of Kuchipudi’s surge as a classical dance form in Modem India.

Maestro with a Mission Glossary

passion (n): strong feeling

choreography (n): art of arranging steps for a dance

ardent (adj): serious

oblivion (n): state of being unnoticed

carve a niche (idm): build reputation

reverent (adj): filled with honour

nuance (n): subtle difference

connoisseur (n): judge of an art

coveted (adj): liked by everyone to have

stupendous (adj): amazingly large

elevate (v): to give something a higher position

transform (v): to change the form of something

humiliated (v): made somebody feel ashamed or stupid and lose the respect of other people

ridiculed (v): made somebody look silly by laughing at them in an unkind way

rudimentary (adj): dealing with only the most basic matters or ideas

lofty (adj): deserving praise because of its high quality

nostalgic (adj): feeling of sadness mixed with pleasure and affection

laurels (n): honour and praise given to somebody because of something that they have achieved

lay-person (n): a person who doesn’t have expert knowledge of a particular subject

distinguished (adj): very successful and admired by other people

conferred (v): gave somebody an award

reverent (adj): showing great respect and admiration

illustrious (adj): very famous and much admired, especially because of what one has achieved

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class Physical Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Some Natural Phenomena

AP State Syllabus 8th Class Physical Science Important Questions 11th Lesson Some Natural Phenomena

8th Class Physical Science 11th Lesson Some Natural Phenomena 1 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is an electroscope?
Answer:
The device which can be used to test whether an object is carrying charge or not is called electroscope.

Question 2.
What is electrical discharge? Where does electrical discharge takes place?
Answer:
The process of transfer of negative or positive charges is called electrical discharge.
The electrical discharge can occur between two or more clouds, or between clouds and the earth.

Question 3.
What is the other device at buildings acts as lightning conductor?
Answer:
The metal columns used during construction and water pipes in the buildings also protect us by acting as lightning conductors.

Question 4.
Why water pipes should not be touched during thunder storm?
Answer: During thunder storm there would be a possibility that the charge developed due to lightning may travel through the water pipes. So we should not touch water pipes during thunder storm in order to avoid electric shocks.

Question 5.
What is an earthquake?
Answer:
An earthquake is a sudden shaking or trembling of the earth lasting for a short period of time due to disturbance deep inside the earth’s crust.

Question 6.
What is the cause of most earthquakes?
Answer:
The most earthquakes are caused by the movement of earth’s plates.

Question 7.
What is a earth’s plate?
Answer:
The outer most layer of the earth is not in one piece. It is fragmented. Each frament is called a earth’s plate.

Question 8.
How do we measure the intensity of the earthquake?
Answer:
The power of an earthquake is expressed in terms of a magnitude on ricter scale.

Question 9.
What is the range of destructive earthquake?
Answer:
The destructive earthquake have magnitude heigher than 7 on the ricter scale.

Question 10.
Whether it is possible to predict when and where the next earthquake might occur?
Answer:
It is not possible to predict when and where the next earthquake might occur. But we can predict that there is a possibility of the earthquake when a volcano erupts, or a meteor hits the earth, or an underground nuclear explosion takes place.

Question 11.
What are seismic waves?
Answer:
The tremors produce waves on the surface of the earth. These are called seismic waves.

Question 12.
What are the places in Andhra Pradesh which lie in seismic zone?
Answer:
According to seismic hazard map Andhra Pradesh lies in zones II and III. The south eastern districts of Chittoor, YSR Kadapa, Nellore and Krishna and Godavari delta region have been placed in zone III and the city of Hyderabd lies in zone II.

8th Class Physical Science 11th Lesson Some Natural Phenomena 2 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is earthing? Why does earthing is provided in buildings?
Answer:

1. The process of transferring of charge from a charged object to the earth is called earthing.
2. Earthing is provided in building to protect us from electrical shock due to any leakage of electric charge.

Question 2.
Which is safe place during thunder storm?
Answer:

1. A house or building of low height.
2. If you are travelling in a bus or in a car, you are safe inside provided that doors and windows are closed.
3. If you are in a forest taking shelter under shorter trees than a taller tree is a good idea during the thunder storm.

Question 3.
What are different layers of earth? Draw a neat diagram of different layers of earth and label its parts?
Answer:

The different layers of earth are:

1. Crust: This is upper most layer of the earth.
2. Mantle: This is middle layer.
3. Core: This is inner layer of the earth.

Again core is divided into two parts.

1. Inner core
2. Outer core

Question 4.
How does earthquake is formed?
Answer:
The outermost layer of the earth is not in one piece, it is fragmented. Each fragment is called a plate. These plates are in continuous motion.
When they brush past on one another, or a plate goes under another plate due to collision, they cause disturbance in the earth’s crust. It is this disturbance that shows up an earthquake on the surface of the earth.

Question 5.
What are the main instruments used by seismologists ? What are the uses of those instruments?
Answer:
Seismologists use two main devices to measure an earthquake.

1. Seismograph: The seismograph is an instrument that measures the seismic waves caused by an earthquake.
2. Seismoscope: The seismoscope is an instrument that measures the occurrence or the time of occurrence of an earthquake. The seismoscope is a simple device which can be used without any technological background.

Question 6.
How does destructive energy related to ricter scale?
Answer:
Ricter scale is not linear. This means that an earthquake of magnitude 6 does not have one and half time of the destructive energy of an earthquake of magnitude 4.
In fact, an increase of 2 in magnitude means 1000 times more destructive energy. For example, an earthquake of magnitude 6 has thousand times more destructive energy than an earthquake of magnitude 4.

Question 7.
Which scale measures the destructive energy released by earth more accurately?
Answer:
The moment magnitude scale which is based on the amount of displacement that occurred along a fault zone rather than the measurement of ground motion at a given point measures more accurately the energy released by earthquake than the ricter scale.
It is the only magnitude scale that adequately measures the size of large earthquake.

Question 8.
Raju watched pictures of earthquake victims on T.V. What are the questions raised in his mind about earthquake ?
Answer:

1. What is the cause of earthquake?
2. Why some areas are frequently affected by earthquakes?
3. What are the indications before a major earthquake takes place?
4. What are the precautionary method to be followed to avoid excess of loss of human life?
5. What are the measures we have to take when earthquake occur?

Question 9.
Which places are not safe during a thunderstorm?
Answer:

1. Travelling in an open place.
2. Standing under tall trees in open fields or in a garden/park.
3. Staying in multi storied building which do not have lightning conductors.
4. Standing near electric poles or telephone poles.
5. Speaking on landline telephones.
6. Using electrical appliances like TV and computer.

Question 10.
Explain how do you determine the intensity of Earthquake.
Answer:

1. The intensity of Earthquake can be measured on richter scale. Like many other scales, richter scale is not linear. That means increase of 2 in magnitude mean 1000 times more destructive energy.
2. There is another method of measuring the intensity of earthquake using the moment magnitude scale which is based on the amount of displacement that occurred along a faulty zone.
3. The moment magnitude measures energy released by the earthquake more accurately than the richter scale. It is the only magnitude scale that adequately measures the size of large earthquakes.

Question 11.
Is there any alternative methods to find the intensity of earthquake ?
Answer:
The main method to find the intensity of earthquake is richter scale.
The alternative methods are:

1. The moment magnitude scale: Which is based on amount of displacement that occured along a faulty zone.
2. Mercalli scale: This scale uses the observations of the people who experienced the earthquake to estimate intensity.

Question 12.
We know that the clouds have charges. Can we produce current through these charges?
Answer:
Cloud to ground lightning discharges 30,000 amperes and up to 100 million volts and emits light, X rays, radio waves and even gamma rays.
Plasma temperature in lightning can approach 28000 K and electron densities may exceed 10²⁴/m³.
So it not easy to use this charge as electricity.

Question 13.
What happens if two objects having same charge brought close to each other?
What happens if two objects having different charges are brought close? Can you give an example for this?
Answer:
Two objects having same charge repel each other and two objects having different charge attract each other.
e.g.: A balloon rubbed with woollen cloth is repelled by another balloon rubbed with woollen cloth because both will acquire same type of charge.
A balloon rubbed with a woollen cloth is attracted by a refill rubbed with a polythene sheet because both will acquire different type of charge.

Question 14.
How do you relate the energy release during the collusion of fault lines during earthquake to the atmospheric variation on the surface of the earth?
Answer:
An earthquake affects the atmosphere by creating amounts of debris and dust which will add to the air that we breathe. Earthquakes can also trigger volcanoes which will release tonnes of ashes and other debris into the atmosphere. This can sometimes cause the blocking out of the sun, air pollution and are increased amount of carbon in the air.

Question 15.
Explain why a charged ballon is repelled by another charged balloon whereas an uncharged balloon is attracted by another charged balloon?
Answer:

1. We have seen that two balloons with similar charges on them, whether positive or negative, repel each other. Similarly two balloons with dissimilar charge on them attract each other.
2. So, similar charges repel each other while dissimilar charges attract each other.

8th Class Physical Science 11th Lesson Some Natural Phenomena 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Explain how lightning would be formed?
Answer:
The clouds moving in air acquire a charge on their surface due to the friction with particles of air. As the surface area of a cloud is very large, the amount of charge accumulated on its surface is very high.
When a charged cloud comes close to another cloud is induces an opposite charge on the later and the accumulated charge tries to move from one cloud to another cloud.
But the air present between them bring a poor conductors of electricity resists the flow of charge between them.
When the magnitude of the accumulated charges become very large, the air which is normally a poor conductor of electricity, is no longer to able to resist their flow.
Hence discharge takes place between negative and positive charges which produce streaks of bright light and sound. We see streaks as lightning.

Question 2.
Which is not safe during a thunder storm?
Answer:

1. Travelling in an open place.
2. Standing under tall trees in open fields or in a garden/park.
3. Staying in multi storied building which do not have lightning conductors.
4. Standing near electric poles or telephone poles.
5. Speaking on landline telephones.
6. Using electrical appliances like T.V. and Computer.

Question 3.
What is a lightning conductor ? How does it works during lightning ?
Answer:
Lightning conductor is a device used to protect buildings from the effect of lightning. A metallic rod, taller than the building is installed in the walls of the building during its construction.
One end of the rod is kept out in the air and other is buried deep in the ground. The rod provides an easy route for the transfer of electric charge to the ground.
The projected end of the metal rod is at a height more than the height of the building. Hence it receives the charge first during lightning because it is closer to the cloud than the building.
As it is good conductor of electricity, it allows all the charge to flow through it there by causing no damage to the buildings.

Question 4.
What are seismic zones? Name main seismic zones in India.
Answer:
Earthquakes are caused by the movement of plates, the places at boundaries of the plates are considered as weak zones where earthquakes are more likely to occur. These weak zones are also called as seismic or fault zones.
The main seismic zones in India are Kashmir, Western and Central Himalayas, the whole of North east, Rann of Kutch, Rajasthan, Indogangetic plane and some areas of South India.

Question 5.
Draw a table showing magnitude ricter scale reading and effect of earthquake for that reading?
Answer:

Question 6.
How do you appreciate the efforts of the scientists to develop a Lightning conductor to protect buildings from the effect of lightning?
Answer:
Lightning conductor is a device used to protect buildings from the effect of lightning.
A metallic rod, taller than the building is installed in the walls of the building during its construction.
One end of the rod is kept out in the air and other is buried deep in the ground. The rod provides an easy route for the transfer of electric charge to the ground.
The projected end pf the metal rod is at a height more than the height of the building. Hence it receives the charge first during lightning because it is closer to the cloud than the building.
As it is good conductor of electricity, it allows all the charge to flow through it there by causing no damage to the buildings. Hence sole of scientists is appreciated.

Question 7.
Find out if there is an organisation in your area which provides relief to those suffering from natural disaster. Enquire about the type of help they render to the victims of earthquakes. Prepare a brief report on the problems of the earthquake victims.
Answer:
In India National Disaster Force provides relief for disaster victims.
Problems of earthquake victims:

1. Death: Many times, the people who support a family socially and economically dies. This causes most of the other members of the family to either fight their way through, or restart their lives from the bottom of the food chain.
2. Destroyed Structures: If the members of the family survive, then they could still be short of a home. The earthquake would have caused the destruction of their house and because of that, they would be left homeless.
3. No food or water: In the aftermath of an earthquake, people see weather all the pipelines, roads, etc. are in good shape or order. If the pipes are broken, then water scarcity begins. If the roads are broken, then food supplies cannot be transported, later causing problems in food scarcity.
4. Electricity: With inadequate supply of electricity, the debris and rubble will take a lot of time and if people are under it then they may die before the rubble is removed.
5. Spread of diseases: After the destruction of many buildings, the sewer pipes will also break and open, causing spread of diseases everywhere.

Help rendered by relief organisation:

1. They minimize the death of people.
2. They provide drinking water and food for victims.
3. They provide shelter for earthquake victims.
4. They provide medical facility for earthquake victims.

Question 8.
Explain how lightning would be formed.
Answer:
The clouds moving in air acquire a charge on their surface due to the friction with particles of air. As the surface area of a cloud is very large, the amount of charge accumulated on its surface is very high.
When a charged cloud comes close to another cloud is induces an opposite charge on the later and the accumulated charge tries to move from one cloud to another cloud.
But the air present between them bring a poor conductors of electricity resists the flow of charge between them.
When the magnitude of the accumulated charges become very large, the air which is normally a poor conductor of electricity, is no longer to able to resist their flow.
Hence discharge takes place between negative and positive charges which produce streaks of bright light and sound. We see streaks as lightning.

Question 9.
How the power of earthquake estimated? At what strength it becomes destructive?
Answer:

1. The power of earthquake is expressed in terms of magnitude on scale called Richter scale.
2. The destructive earthquakes have magnitudes higher than about 7 on richter scale.
3. Like many other scales, richter scale is not linear. It means that earthquake of magnitude 6 does not have the twice the destructive energy of an earthquake magnitude 3.
4. Infact, an increase of 2 in magnitude means 1000 times more destructive energy.
5. For example, an earthquake of magnitude 6 has thousand times more energy than earthquake of magnitude 4.

Question 10.
What suggestions will you give to people living in seismic areas so that the destruction due to earthquake may be minimized?
Answer:

1. We know that earthquakes cannot be predicted and that they can be highly destructive.
2. It is therefore important that we have to take necessary precautions to protect ourselves all the time.
3. Consult qualified architect and structural engineer to build the buildings.
4. It is better to fix the cup boards and shelves to the walls, so that they do not fall easily.
5. Be careful where you hang wall clocks, photoframes, water heaters, etc. so that in the event of an earthquake they do not fall on the people.
6. Some buildings may catch fire due to an earthquake, it is necessary that all buildings have fire fighting equipment installed.

8th Class Physical Science 11th Lesson Some Natural Phenomena Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Draw a neat diagram of the instrument used to measure the intensity of earthquake. Name the scale used in this instrument.
Answer:

Richter scale is used in this instrument.

Question 2.
“Earthquakes can cause floods, landslides and tsunamis. A major tsunami occurred in the Indian ocean on 26th December 2004. All the coastal areas around the ocean, suffered huge losses.”
Based on the above information answer the following questions:
i) What is the cause for tsunami?
Answer:
Tsunami is caused by sudden movement of the earth that happens under the sea.

ii) What happens when a major tsunami occurs?
Answer:
When tsunami waves become extremely large in height, they .savagely attack coast lines, causing devastating property damage and loss of life.

iii) Name the instrument which is used to detect an earthquake and what are its major parts.
Answer:
The instrument which is used to detect on earthquake is Seismograph.
Major parts of Seismograph are,
i) rotating drum
ii) chart paper
iii) pen
iv) pendulum bob
v) magnet
vi) string

iv) What is the effect of earthquake, if the scale of magnitude is recorded more than eight?
Answer:
If the scale of magnitude is recorded more than 8, the effect of earthquake is property and life damage in areas several hundred kilometers across and it may be causes tsunami also.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 4B The Earthen Goblet Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 4B The Earthen Goblet

8th Class English Chapter 4B The Earthen Goblet Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Who is ‘I’ in the poem? Who is the speaker in the first stanza?
Answer:
‘I’ in the poem is the earthen goblet. The speaker in the first stanza is the poet.

Question 2.
What does the phrase ‘fragrant friendship’ convey about the goblet’s relationship with the flower?
Answer:
The goblet told that it had fragrant friendship with the flower. Before the goblet was given its shape, it was in the form of natural clay. The flower plant sent its roots deep into clay and blossomed a little flower. The clay was attracted to the scent of the flower and made friends with it. Thus the phrase ‘fragrant friendship’ conveys about the goblet’s relationship with the flower.

Question 3.
The poem has the expression ‘burned so warm’. Does the poet have tender feelings towards the goblet or the earth? What is your opinion?
Answer:
The poet has tender feelings towards the goblet. The earth is very happy in its natural state. One need not show any tender feelings towards the earth. But, when the earth is given the shape of a goblet, it has to be burnt very warm. It causes the goblet a deep distress. Hence, the poet has tender feelings towards the goblet.

Question 4.
The goblet has certain feelings towards its present life and past life. Which life does it like? Why?
Answer:
The goblet likes its past life as it was full of life in its natural form. In its past life, the goblet was in the form of unshapely earth. It had a fragrant friendship of a little flower. The earth was very happy to have its root deep in it. Just one flower was flaming through its breast. The goblet thinks that its present form is nothing but a death.

Question 5.
What common things do you notice between the expression ‘living breath’ of me and ‘natural stage’?
Answer:
Both the expressions ‘living breath’ and ‘natural stage’ have the sense of ‘life’. The earth is full of life in its ‘natural stage’. The earth is very happy in its ‘natural stage’ when it has a fragrant friendship with a little flower. When the earth is given the shape of the goblet, it thinks that it loses its life and the potter draws out its ‘living breath’.

Literary devices

The devices which can be used to recognize or identify the literary text are called literary devices. Literary devices are useful to interpret or analyse the literary texts.

Tone: The implied attitude towards the subject of the poem. Is it hopeful, pessimistic, dreary, worried? A poet conveys tone by combining all of the elements listed above to create a precise impression on the reader.

Genre: A category used to classify literary works, usually by form, technique or content (e.g., prose, poetry).

Satire: A literary tone used to ridicule or make fun of human vice or weakness.

Point of View – pertains to who tells the story and how it is told. The point of view of a story can sometimes indirectly establish the author’s intentions.

Metaphor vs Simile: A metaphor is direct relationship where one thing is another (e.g. “Juliet is the sun”). A simile, on the other hand, is indirect and usually only likened to be similar to something else.
Similes usually use “like” or “as” (e.g. “Your eyes are like the ocean”).

The Earthen Goblet Summary in English

In this poem the poet conversed with the earthen goblet. The poet tried to bring out the misery that had been faced by the goblet in the process of becoming a goblet. The goblet was red in colour from its top to bottom. The poet expressed his sympathy for the goblet. He asked the goblet how it felt when he was being turned round and round up on the potter’s wheel before the potter made it. The goblet felt a conscious impulse in its clay to break away from the potter’s hand. It burnt so warm that it suffered very much to get into its present form. The goblet became a prisoner on the potter’s wheel and was shaped into his dark red coloured goblet-sleep. It thought that the time when it was on the wheel was most deadly. The goblet had the fragrant friendship of a little flower whose root was buried deep in its heart when it was in the form of clay. The potter drew out the living breath of the clay and gave it the shape of deadly goblet. The goblet thought that its past unshapely natural stage (the clay) was best with just one flower flaming through its breast. The goblet didn’t like its present shape.

The Earthen Goblet Glossary

twirl (v): turn something round and round

fatal (adj): causing death

captive (n): prisoner

goblet (n): a cup

heel (n): the back part of the foot below the ankle

impulse (n): a sudden strong wish or need to do something without stopping to think

about the results cast (v): to shape

crimson (ad)): dark red in colour

fragrant (ad)): having a pleasant smell

bosom (n): chest

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 6C The Dead Rat Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 6C The Dead Rat

8th Class English Chapter 6C The Dead Rat Textbook Questions and Answers

Comprehension

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What did the mother do to make Madananka normal and settled in life?
Answer:
Madananka’s mother hoped that he would become normal and settle down if he was married. So, she got him married to a girl.

Question 2.
What kind of man was Yakshadatta?
Answer:
Yakshadatta was a well-to-do merchant. He lent money to the poor but capable persons. He was an intelligent person.

Question 3.
What did Ratnanka do with the dead rat?
Answer:
Ratnanka made a cup out of a leaf and placed the dead rat in that cup. He carried it through streets crying, A rat for sale !” A merchant purchased that dead rat for feeding his cat and gave him a handful of bengalgram.

Question 4.
How did the firewood which Ratnanka had collected fetch him a hundred gold coins?
Answer:
Ratnanka had collected the firewood from the woodcutters by offering each of them some soaked bengalgram and cold water. Ratnanka sold the firewood away for two rupees in the city. He gave one rupee to his grandmother towards savings and purchased a Kuncham of bengalgram with the other rupee. Out of this he soaked one kilo everyday and sat under the same tree with cold water. He collected many cart-loads of fuel within a month and sold it when there was a scarcity of firewood in the city. Thus the firewood fetched him a hundred gold coins.

Question 5.
How did Ratnanka show his gratitude to Yakshadatta?
Answer:
Ratnanka got a rat made of gold and kept it in a silver tray and carried in a procession with pomp. He led the procession to the residence of Yakshadatta. Ratnanka told Yakshadatta that he became a millionaire by his grace. He also told him that his wise saying and the capital which he borrowed from him made him a rich man. He told Yakshadatta that he had come to repay his debt in the shape of a golden rat and requested him to accept it as a symbol of his gratitude. Thus Ratnanka showed his gratitude to Yakshadatta.

Question 6.
How did Ratnanka help the woodcutters?
Answer:
Ratnanka offered each thirsty wood cutter some soaked bengalgram and cold water. The hungry and thirsty woodcutters were pleased with Ratnanka’s service.

Study Skills

Read the biographical write up on Dr. Kotnis again and write the timeline of the events referred to, in your notebook. A few events are shown here.
1. 1910 – Kotnis was born
………..
2. 1938 – Chinese Government built a memorial hall for Dr. Kotnis
Answer:

1. 1910 – Kotnis was born
2. 1938 – Chinese Government built a memorial hall for Dr. Kotnis
3. 1940 – He did operations for 72 hours non-stop without any sleep.
4. 1941 – He married Guo
5. 1942 – Hehadason
6. 1942 – He passed away and was buried in the Heroes Courtyard, Nanquan Village.
7. 1945 – Dr. Kotnis’ biography “One Who Never Returned” was written by Khwaja Abbas Ahmed.
8. 1946 – The movie based on Dr. Kotni& life, “Dr. Kotnis Kl Amar Kahani” was screened.
9. 1976 – Chinese Government built a memorial hail for Dr. Kotnis.
10. 1982 – China honoured him with stamp.
11. 1993 – India honoured him with stamp
12. 2005 – Dr. Kotnis’ grave was covered completely in flowers donated by the Chinese people during the Qingming Festival.

Project work

There are many old age homes in our society. Visit any one of them and interview any two persons.
Before you conduct an interview, prepare a questionnaire centred around the following items.
1. Name
2. Age
3. Gender
4. Social background
5. Reasons for coming to the old age home
6. Food served
7. Opinion about old age home
8. Other care
9. Improvements suggested
Write a report based on the interview and present it before the class.
Answer:


Report:
N. Prakasa Rao, a senior citizen, is a 65 year old person. Though he has a good position in the society, he has come to old age home as he is deserted by his children. He is very much satisfied with the conditions of the old age home. He feels that proper medical facility is also available there. He wants to have some kind of entertainment facility. N. Santha is a 62 year old senior citizen. Though she has been enjoying a good position in the society, she has come to the old age as she is neglected by her children. She feels that the balanced and healthy diet is served there. She feels that it is run very well and she is very happy with the services provided by specially trained persons. She opines that if there is a chance for religious service it would be a lot better.
The main reason for the alienation of the old people is that the young people don’t show them any love and affection. They forget the sacrifices made by their parents and desert them. They don’t care for them. So, the young persons should change their attitude. They should know the importance of human relations and values. They should prevent their parents from going to old age homes by showing them love and affection.

The Dead Rat Summary in English

Madananka was a young merchant living in Ujjain. As he lost his father, his mother brought him up with great affection and love. Unfortunately, he turned out to be a vagabond. Hoping he would become normal and settle down, his mother got him married to a girl but he became worse. One day he left his house deserting his mother and pregnant wife. His wife gave birth to a son and he was named Ratnanka. He too was brought up with affection and care and given good education. When he was ten, his grandmother told him to take up some business to earn their living. She advised him to go to Yakshadatta and borrow some money from him. Yakshadatta, a well-to-do merchant living in the neighbouring village, lent money to the poor but capable persons. Ratnanka met Yakshadatta and requested him to lend him some money for business. He promised Yakshadatta that he would repay the amount soon. Yakshadatta pointed towards a dead rat and told Ratnanka that it was the capital he could lend him. He also told that an intelligent man could earn millions with that dead rat. Ratnanka took the dead rat and kept it in a cup made out of a leaf. A merchant purchased it for feeding his cat and gave him a handful of bengalgram. Ratnanka took the bengalgram home and soaked it. Then he added some salt and pepper to the bengalgram. He offered some soaked bengalgram and cold water to the hungry and thirsty woodcutters. They were pleased with his service and gave him two pieces of firewood each. Ratnanka sold the firewood away for two rupees in the city. He gave one rupee to his grandmother towards savings and purchased bengalgram with the other rupee. Again he offered soaked bengalgram and cold water to the woodcutters. In this way he collected many cart-loads of fuel within a month. When there was scarcity of firewood in the city, he sold the firewood and earned a hundred gold coins. He became one of the leading merchants in that city within two years. Then he wanted to show his gratitude to Yakshadatta. He got a rat made of gold and carried it in a procession to the residence of Yakshadatta. Ratnanka told Yakshadatta his success story and requested him to accept the golden rat as repayment of the loan and also as a token of his gratitude. Yakshadatta was pleased with the intelligence and gratitude of Ratnanka.

The Dead Rat Glossary

vagabond (n): a person who has no home and usually no job, and who travels from a particular place

abscond (v): escape; or to go away suddenly and secretly in order to escape from somewhere

stroll (n): a slow relaxed walk

generosity: the nature of giving money, time, gifts, kindness, etc.

eke out (phr.v): earn

menace (v): something that is likely to cause harm

incessant (adj): never stopping, especially in an annoying or unpleasant way

grieved (v): felt very sad

approached (v): went near to somebody

deserted (v): left somebody without help or support

capital (n): a large amount of money that is invested or is used to start a business