Mahesh

Telangana SCERT 8th Class English Study Material Telangana Unit 4C The Computer Game Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 8th Class English Guide Unit 4C The Computer Game

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Who was the Quiz master?
Answer :
Gary Lopez was the quiz master.

Question 2.
Who won the game at the end?
Answer :
Joan is the winner at the end of the game.

Question 3.
How did the boy counter the computer?
Answer :
The boy countered the computer encouraging Joan as soon as he answered the question. He supported him making a comment that he was the winner compared to the computer.

Question 4.
Why do you think the computer failed to answer the girl’s question?
Answer :
The computer could only answer to the programmed questions. When Joan asked the girl to put the question in command form it failed to answer.

Question 5.
If you were to ask a question, what question would you ask?
Answer :
If I were to ask a question, I would ask the computer to spell a word or pronounce it or peel a real banana and chew it.

Writing :

Imagine you owned a robot that could do anything you wanted. But suddenly there was a problem in it and it started doing something different from what you said. Create a funny situation and write the dailogue between you and the robot, and present it before the class.

Myself : My Dear robot, good morning! How are you?
Robot : Good morning boss. fine !
How are you?
Myself : Fine, thank you.
Robot : Is there anything boss?
Myself : Dear Robot! Remember carefully what I say now.
Robot : Ok, boss! Please tell me.
Myself : You should remember that you shouldn’t punish my student if
he/she does nothing.
Robot : Ok boss! Sure!
Myself : (Next day) Ah! Robot. Why didn’t you punish the boy who
didn’t do the home work given by me. Simply, you left him.
Why?
Robot : Boss, you only told me, that I shouldn’t punish the students who do nothing. He did nothing regarding home work…!

Oral Activity :

Discuss in groups and write a script for a funny situation between you and robot and role play it based on those actions and dailogues.
Answer :
Refer the above ‘Writing’.

Project Work :

Here are four different mobiles and their features. If you want to buy a mobile, which one would you like to buy? Why? Write a paragraph and present it in the class.

I would like to buy Sungsung phone, because first of all I want my expenditure on phone to be economical. At the same time, it must be a quality phone with flexible features. There is high speed internet and it has full touch screen, blue tooth, MP3 and 3.2 MP Camera. These facilities enchant me to buy that phone. I shall buy sungsung, phone.

The Computer Game Summary in English

‘The Computer Game’ is a story written in the form of a play. This play discusses the machine power of expression and man power of expression. It is proved that a machine can never be successful compared to man. A computer is a programmed device. It will act according to the program set in it. It doesn’t have wisdom like human beings to respond to the circumstances. This is beautifully depicted in this play. There are characters Gary Lopez, Computer MT2, and Noisemaker (1), Noisemaker (2) and also a Girl and a Boy from the audience. The computer MT2 has been set to answer the questions posed by the quiz master Gary Lopez. He had given guidelines to all the audience and participants. MT2 failed in answering (3rd) the third question posed by a girl. The girl asked the question changing the tone which was against the programmed version of MT2 computer. MT2 can answer only according to its programmed data. When it was changed, it couldn’t answer. It failed. This proves that man is wiser than the computer.

Meanings :

1. break down : fail
2. blown a fuse : melted the fuse

Section-A : Reading Comprehension :

Read the following passage from ‘The Fun They Had’.

Margie was disappointed. She had been hoping they would take the teacher away altogether. They had once taken Tommy’s teacher away for nearly a month because the history sector had blanked out completely.
So she said to Tommy, “Why would anyone write about school?”
Tommy looked at her with very superior eyes. “Because it’s not our kind of school, stupid. This is the old kind of school that they had hundreds and hundreds of years ago.” He added loftily, pronouncing the word carefully, “Centuries ago.”

Margie was hurt. “Well, I don’t know what kind of school they had all that time ago,”She read the book over his shoulder for a while, then said, “Anyway, they had a teacher.”
“Sure they had a teacher, but it wasn’t a regular teacher. It was a man.”
“A man? How could a man be a teacher?”
“Well, he just told the boys and girls things and gave them homework and asked them questions.”
“A man isn’t smart enough.”
“Sure he is. My father knows as much as my teacher.”
“He knows almost as much. I betcha.”
Margie wasn’t prepared to dispute that. She said, “I wouldn’t want a strange man in my house to teach me.”

Tommy screamed with laughter. “You don’t know much, Margie. The teachers didn’t live in the house. They had a special building and all the kids went there.”
“And all the kids learned the same thing?”
“Sure, if they were the same age.”

(Q. 1 – 5) Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. 5 x 1 = 5 M

Question 1.
Who does ‘her’ refer to in the line ‘Tommy looked at her with very superior eyes.’
A) Martin
B) Margie’s mother
C) Margi
D) Tommy
Answer :
C) Margi

Question 2.
How long ago did the old kind of school exist ?
A) A century ago
B) A decade ago
C) Centuries ago
D) Decades ago
Answer :
C) Centuries ago

Question 3.
Anyway, they had a teacher. Who had a teacher ?
A) Present students
B) Future students
C) All future students
D) All students
Answer :
A) Present students

Question 4.
What is the meaning of the word ‘dispute’ ?
A) Cooperate with
B) Encourage with
C) Agree with
D) Disagree with
Answer :
D) Disagree with

Question 5.
What does ‘a special building’ refer to ?
A) A school
B) A college
C) A university
D) A house
Answer :
A) A school

(Q.6 – 10) Answer the following questions in one or two sentences in your own words. 5 x 2 = 10 M

Question 6.
Why do you think Margie was disappointed ?
Answer :
Margie hoped that they would take away the mechanical teacher altogether but they did not do it. That is the reason why Margie was disappointed.

Question 7.
What kind of teachers did Margie and Tommy have ?
Answer :
They had mechanical teachers with a big screen on which all the lessons were shown and the questions were asked. It had a slot where they had to put homework and test papers. And they had to write them out in a punch code.

Question 8.
Why do you think Margie was hurt ?
Answer :
Margie was hurt because Tommy called her stupid. And also he found fault with Margie.

Question 9.
What is Margie’s opinion about man ?
Answer :
According to Margie, a man isn’t smart enough.

Question 10.
Why did Tommy scream with laughter?
Answer :
Tommy screamed with laughter because Margie said that she wouldn’t want a strange man in her house to teach her.

Read the following story.

The auctioneer struck the hammer on the table and shouted to the crowd, “Ladies and gentlemen, the next item in the auction is this old, dusty guitar. Who will start the bidding? With that he lifted an old guitar in his hands. Everybody looked at it with disregard. It was not at all attractive and as a result nobody was willing to bid for it. At last someone started the bid. It started from five dollars and reached ten. As the auctioneer was ready to fix the bid on ten dollars, a young man came forward and asked, “Sir, will you please allow me to try this guitar?”

The auctioneer had little hesitation to hand over the guitar to the good-looking young man. He took it in his hands, lovingly dusted it, tightened the strings and then began to play it. Melodious music filled the hall. Everyone remained spellbound, admiring the beauty of the instrument as well as the music it produced. He then returned the guitar. The crowd began to bid for this guitar more actively and at last it was ended in thousands of dollars.

(Q. 11- 12) Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. 2 x 1 = 2 M

Question 11.
What was the next item in the auction?
A) An attractive guitar
B) An old dusty guitar
C) A new guitar
D) A musical instrument
Answer :
B) An old dusty guitar

Question 12.
The guitar was sold out for
A) Five dollars
B) Thousands of dollars
C) Ten dollars
D) Hundreds of dollars
Answer :
B) Thousands of dollars

(Q. 13 – 16) Answer the following questions in one or two sentences in your own words. 4 x 2 = 8 M

Question 13.
Suggest a suitable title to the story.
Answer :
The suitable title to the story is ‘A Touch Makes the Difference’.

Question 14.
Describe the guitar.
Answer :
The guitar was old and dusty. It was not at all attractive.

Question 15.
What did the young man do?
Answer :
The young man took the guitar in his hands and lovingly dusted it and tightened the strings. Then he began to play the guitar. Melodious music filled the auction hall.

Question 16.
What is the moral of the story?
Answer :
The moral of the story is “Two men look out through the same bars. One sees the mud, other the stars.”

Section – B : Vocabulary & Grammar :

(Q. 17 – 21) Read the following passage focusing on the parts that are underlined and answer the questions given at the end. Write the answers in your booklet. 5 x 1 = 5 M

Sadhu Vishwamurtidas is a famous (17) Indian spiritual leader. In one of his books he refer (18) to an interesting incident in his life. Once as he was walking on the street, he saw a boy moving ahead (19) of him, swinging a cricket bat in his hand. Sadhu asked the boy whether he wanted to be another Sachin Tendulkar and (20) Rahul Dravid when he grew up. The reply of the boy was really praiseworthy (21). He said, “No, I don’t want to be a Sachin or Rahul. But I prefer to be myself, Shyam.”

Question 17.
The antonym of the underlined word is ………
A) well known
B) popular
C) obscure
D) obvious
Answer :
C) obscure

Question 18.
The correct form of the underlined word is ………..
A) refering
B) refers
C) had refer
D) have refer
Answer :
B) refers

Question 19.
The synonym of the underlined word is …………
A) behind
B) in front of
C) back of
D) beside
Answer :
B) in front of

Question 20.
Replace the underlined word with a suitable conjunction.
A) but
B) because
C) or
D) so
Answer :
C) or

Question 21.
The similar meaning of the underlined word is
A) clapping
B) applaudable
C) attractive
D) congratulate
Answer :
B) applaudable

(Q. 22 – 26) Complete the following passage choosing right words from those given below it. Each blank is numbered, and for each blank four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) are given. Choose the correct answer from these choices and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. 5 x 1 = 5 M

Jill was walking to her class slowly. She was worried (22) the History test she would have to (23) that morning. As she was reaching the classroom, a piece of paper suddenly fluttered down and (24) near her feet. As Jill glanced down at the paper, her heart nearly (25) a beat. It was the History test paper complete (26) answers.

Question 22.
A) of
B) for
C) against
D) about
Answer :
D) about

Question 23.
A) write
B) take
C) present
D) give
Answer :
B) take

Question 24.
A) landing
B) land
C) landed
D) lands
Answer :
C) landed

Question 25.
A) lost
B) missed
C) got
D) thumped
Answer :
B) missed

Question 26.
A) of
B) with
C) in
D) off
Answer :
B) with

(Q. 27 – 31) Read the following passage. Five sentences are numbered. Each numbered sentence has an error. Find the error and write the correct answers in your answer booklet. 5 x 1 = 5 M

(27) Tommy looked to her with very superior eyes. (28) “So it’s not our kind of school, stupid. (29) This is the old kind of school that they have hundreds of years ago.” (30) He added loftily, pronounced the word carefully, “centuries ago.” (31) Margie was hurted. “Well, I don’t know what kind of school they had all that time ago.”
Answers :
27. Tommy looked at her
28. Because it’s not our kind
29. they had hundreds of years ago
30. pronouncing the word carefully
31. Margie was hurt

Section-C : Conventions of Writing :

(Q. 32) Read the following passage carefully and supply the punctuation marks (., ?” “) and capital letters, wherever necessary. Also correct the spelling of the underlined word. 5M
Answer :
It was winter. the ponds were all frozen. At the court, Akbar asked birbal, Tell me Birbal! Will a man do anything for money Birbal replied, Yes. The emperar ordered him to prove it.

Section – D : Creative Writing :

(Question – 33) : 12M

A) Smoking is the greatest cause of death in the world. Still people do not give it up. Taking ideas given in hints write an essay on the topic “SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH AND HOW TO CONTROL IT”.
Hints :

• Consequences cancer, bronchitis, heart attack
• Starts with fun exploring new things
• leads to other bad habits
• Avoid bad habits
• effective laws

Answer :
SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH AND HOW TO CONTROL IT

‘Cigarette smoking is injurious to health.’ This warning inscribed on the cigarette packets actually does not mean anything for smokers. This age-old addiction still keeps staring at us with its evil eyes wide open.

In the smoke, there are gas elements such as hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, ammonia etc. Besides gas elements, the smoke contains nickel, phenol etc. There are several harmful effects of smoking. It affects the human body in numerous ways. It decreases our immunity and on the contrary, increases the chance of being affected by cancer. Smoking is awfully harmful to the heart and lungs causing asthma, bronchitis etc. Smoking is also responsible for heart attack. Over-smoking may have harmful effect on digestive system. A large number of people die every year due to smoking. But surprisingly, there are people who still prefer to smoke. They are looking away from the need of the hour.

The habit of smoking starts with fun and exploring new things. Those who undergo this habit are called direct smokers whereas those who have to swallow the venomous smoke coming out of the smoker’s mouth are called passive smokers. The latter are as affected as the former. This habit leads to other bad habits.

We have to strongly deal with this issue. The government should ban smoking at public places. Avoiding smoking is not the easiest thing to do, but one can do it. The smoker should realise the dangers and effects of smoking. For this awareness programmes should be organised. The best way to control smoking is, the smoker should know the value of his life. He should think about his wife, children and parents who depend on him as he is the breadwinner of his family.

(Or)

B) Today you celebrated Holi very happily. Your friends also joined you for the celebrations. All of you had lots of fun. Now, describe your happiness and fun in about 150 words. 8 M
Answer :

Colourful Holi

I always look forward to Holi, the festival of colours. Every year I make arrangements for the celebrations well in advance. This morning I got my piston and colours ready and rushed into my neighbour’s house and filled their house with colours. Everybody in the house carried me out and poured cans of colour water on my head. They did this until I begged them to stop it. Finally they stopped it. A bit later I got up and broke egg after egg on the head of my neighbours. Suddenly, my friends came from nowhere and applied colours all over my body. I requested them not to do that. But they went on till their colours finished. They did so because my neighbours encouraged my friends to smear me with colours.

My friends and I went to the nearby stream to have a bath. On the way we brought some snacks. We enjoyed the snacks as we had our bath. When I returned home, my mother scolded me. The reason was I went out to play Holi in new clothes. I was eager to celebrate the festival of colours not knowing that I was wearing new clothes. Anyway, it is a fun-filled day for me

(Question – 34) :

A) Hot summer is ahead. Now only we have been facing severe water problem in our state. Prepare a poster on avoiding the wastage of water. 8 M
Answer :

(Or)

B) You went to your friend’s home for a Spoken English book. But nobody was at home. Now, write a message to your friend asking him to bring the book to school.
Answer :

Dt: XX.XX.XXXX
9: 00 a.m.
Dear Rajesh,
I came to your home this morning, but it was locked. I wanted a Spoken English book from you. Please bring one easy-to-understand book from your mini library to school tomorrow. I will return the book in three days. Hoping for a positive response.

Yours,
XXXX

Additional Exercises :

Section – A : Reading Comprehension
(Questions 1 – 10)

EXERCISE – 1

Read the following passage from ‘The Fun They Had’.

MARGIE even wrote about it that night in her diary. On the page headed 17 May 2157, she wrote, “Today Tommy found a real book!”

It was a very old book. Margie’s grandfather once said that when he was a little boy his grandfather told him that there was a time when all stories were printed on paper.
They turned the pages, which were yellow and crinkly, and it was awfully funny to read words that stood still instead of moving the way they were supposed to – on a screen, you know. And then when they turned back to the page before, it had the same words on it that it had had when they read it the first time.

“Gee,” said Tommy, What a waste! When you’re thorough with the book, you just throw it away. I guess. Our television screen must have had a million books on it and it’s good for plenty more. I wouldn’t throw it away.”

“Same with mine,” said Margie. She was eleven and hadn’t seen as many telebooks as Tommy had. He was thirteen.
She said, “Where did you find it?”
“In my house.” He pointed without looking, because he was busy reading.” In the attic.”
“What’s it about?”
“School.” Margie was scornful. “School? What’s there to write about school? I hate school.”

(1 – 5) Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. 5 x 1 = 5 M

Question 1.
When did Margie make an entry of the very old book in her personal diary ?
A) 17 March 2016
B) 21 April 2015
C) 1 April 2020
D) 17 May 2157
Answer :
D) 17 May 2157

Question 2.
Who found the real book?
A) Margie
B) Tommy
C) Isaac Asimov
D) Margie’s grandfather
Answer :
B) Tommy

Question 3.
The word ‘attic’ means
A) A space just above the roof, used as a storeroom
B) A space just below the ground floor, used as a storeroom
C) A space just below the roof, used as a storeroom
D) A space just below the roof, used as a reading room
Answer :
C) A space just below the roof, used as a storeroom

Question 4.
What does ‘it’ refer to in the line ‘You just throw it.’ ?
A) The missing book
B) Many telebooks
C) Television
D) A real book
Answer :
D) A real book

Question 5.
Who does not love school?
A) Tommy
B) Margie
C) Students
D) Dullards
Answer :
B) Margie

(Q.6-10) Answer the following questions in one or two sentences in your own words. 5 x 2=10 M

Question 6.
What did Margie write in her diary ?
Answer :
Margie wrote in her diary that Tommy had found a real book that day.

Question 7.
What things in the book did Margie find strange ?
Answer :
Unlike the words on the screen which moved as she read them, the words on a page in the real book stood still and continued to remain even after she had moved to the next page. These are the strange things found by Margie about the book.

Question 8.
What did Margie’s father say once ?
Answer :
Gee’s grandfather once said that when he was little boy his grandfather told him that there was a time when all stories were printed on paper.

Question 9.
Explain the expression ‘Same with mine’.
Answer :
The expression ‘same with mine’ means Margie wouldn’t throw the book either.

Question 10.
Where exactly did Tommy find the book in his house?
Answer :
Tommy found the book in the attic in his house.

EXERCISE – 2

Read the following passage from ‘The Computer Game’.

Gary Lopez : Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to The Computer Game. Today another human player gets a chance to match wits with our very own computer – MT2!(MT2 blinks its lights and the studio audience claps loudly.)
Gary Lopez : Today’s player is Joan Robinson from the Oak Street School.Feeling smart, Joan?
Joan : Ready!
Gary Lopez : I hope so! May I remind you no one has beaten MT2 yet. Now, here’s how we play the game. I’ll ask a question. The first player to sound a noise maker and give the correct answer scores one point. The first player to earn three points wins the game. Ready,players?
Joan : Ready!
MT2 (in flat voice) : I am prepared to play.
Gary Lopez : First question. How much is 62,415 times 78,921 ?
First Noisemaker : BLEEP!
MT2 : The correct answer is 4,925,854,215.
Gary Lopez : Right! One point for the computer!(The audience claps politely.) Next question. Listen carefully. What date in history did the pilgrims land at Plymouth Rock?
Second Noisemaker : BUZZ!
Joan : 1620 !
Gary Lopez : I’m sorry. That’s not an exact enough answer.
First Noisemaker : BLEEP!
MT2 : The pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock on December 21 of the year 1620.
Gary Lopez : Right! Two points for the computer! If MT2 answers the next question correctly, it’s all over, Joan!
Boy in audience : Come on, Joan!
Girl in audience : You can beat that talking tin can!
Gary Lopez : Quiet, please. And here’s the next question –
Joan : Wait!
Gary Lopez : What’s the matter ?
Joan : Could someone else ask the question, please ?
Gary Lopez : What for ?

(Q. 1 – 5) Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. 5 x 1 = 5 M

Question 1.
What type of text is the above passage ?
A) Speech
B) An interview
C) A comedy playlet
D) Description
Answer :
C) A comedy playlet

Question 2.
How many points are awarded for one correct answer?
A) Minus one point
B) One point
C) No points
D) Two points
Answer :
B) One point

Question 3.
Who were the players of the game of the quiz ?
A) Joan Robinson
B) Gary Lopez
C) MT2, a computer
D) Joan Robinson and the computer
Answer :
D) Joan Robinson and the computer

Question 4.
In the above text ‘the talking can’ refers to
A) Dustbin
B) The quiz master
C) The robot
D) The computer
Answer :
D) The computer

Question 5.
The first question was based on
A) English
B) History
C) Maths
D) Science
Answer :
C) Maths

(Q.6 – 10) Answer the following questions in one or two sentences in your own words. 5 x 2=10 M

Question 6.
Who was the quiz master ?
Answer :
Gary Lopez was the quiz master.

Question 7.
What is the speciality of MT2 ?
Answer :
The speciality of MT2 is that no one has beaten it so far.

Question 8.
Who can win the computer game ?
Answer :
The first player who can score three points can win the computer game.

Question 9.
What date in history did the pilgrims land at Plymouth Rock ?
Answer :
The pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock on December 21 of the year 1620.

Question 10.
What will the winner get ?
Answer :
The winner will get a prize.

EXERCISE – 3

Read the following poem.

If school assignments pile sky-high,
I exhale with a weighty sigh.
Like every modern mom who cares,
I simply telephone upstairs.
When chores demand her energies,
I simply text her, asking “Please!”
No alibis or missing word,
Because it’s clear that she has heard.
And if my daughter goes outside
To visit friends, both far and wide,
Her curfew’s easy to enforce
With her new cellular resource.

(Q. 1 – 5) Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. 5 x 1 = 5 M

Question 1.
What are pending according to the opening line ?
A) School fees
B) School tasks
C) Phone bills
D) Upstairs
Answer :
B) School tasks

Question 2.
Who does the mother call ?
A) His daughter
B) His son
C) Her daughter
D) Her children
Answer :
C) Her daughter

Question 3.
The meaning of the word ‘alibis’ is ……..
A) Requests
B) Stories
C) Excuses
D) Complaints
Answer :
C) Excuses

Question 4.
The full form of the word ‘e’er’ is ……….
A) Never
B) Fear
C) Near
D) Ever
Answer :
D) Ever

Question 5.
The mobile phone has
A) Only merits
B) Only demerits
C) Either merits or demerits
D) Both merits and demerits
Answer :
D) Both merits and demerits

(Q. 6- 10) Answer the following questions in one or two sentences. 5 x 2=10 M

Question 6.
In what way are the cell phones useful for us according to the poem?
Answer :
According to the poem, the cell phones are useful for us in many ways. The mother can keep a check on her teenage daughter when she goes outside to visit her friends. The cell phone also helps the mother to connect with her daughter very quickly through speed dial.

Question 7.
What does the mother do when she needs her daughter’s help in work?
Answer :
The mother sends a request sms to her daughter when she needs her daughter’s help in work.

Question 8.
Why does the mother call the little girl when her school assignments are pending?
Answer :
The mother calls the little girl when her school assignments are pending to remind her daughter of the pending work.

Question 9.
Pick out two pairs of rhyming words from the above lines.
Answer :
The two pairs of rhyming words from the above lines are : 1, word – heard and 2. outside – wide

Question 10.
What does the last line of the poem convey to us ?
Answer :
The last line of the poem conveys to us that though mobile phones are very useful and handy, people must interact face to face once. When we meet people personally and share our feelings, it will improve good human relations.

(Questions 11 – 16)

EXERCISE -1

Read the following passage.
Many people who are looking to get a pet dog get a puppy. There are many reasons why people get puppies. After all, puppies are cute, friendly, and playful. But even though puppies make good pets, there are good reasons why you should consider getting an adult dog instead.

When you get a puppy, you have to teach it how to behave. You have to make sure that the puppy is housebroken so that it does not go to the bathroom inside the house. You have to teach the puppy not to jump upon your guests or chew on your shoes. You have to train the puppy to walk on leash. This is a lot of work.

(Q. 11 – 12) Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. 2 x 1 = 2 M

Question 11.
According to the passage, the best example of a dog that is housebroken is
A) A dog that goes outside to use the bathroom.
B) A dog that never jumps on guests.
C) A dog that always breaks things inside the house.
D) A dog that chews on people’s shoes.
Answer :
A) A dog that goes outside to use the bathroom.

Question 12.
A puppy has to be trained
A) To walk on a leash
B) Not to jump on your guests
C) Not to chew on your shoes
D) All of the above
Answer :
D) All of the above

(Q. 13 – 16) Answer the following questions in one or two sentences in your own words. 4 x 2 = 8 M

Question 13.
Why do many people like to get a puppy ?
Answer :
Many people like to get a puppy because they are cute, friendly, and playful.

Question 14.
What should we teach a puppy when we get it ?
Answer :
We should teach a puppy how to behave when we get it.

Question 15.
What is a lot of work?
Answer :
Training the puppy to behave well is a lot of work.

Question 16.
Do you like to get a puppy as your pet ? Why ?
Answer :
Yes, I like to have a puppy because it looks cute.

EXERCISE – 2

Read the following poem.

My mother is like the sun
Warm and loving
My mother is like a lion
Brave and courageous
My mother is like a rose
Beautiful and full of life
My mother is as strong as Hercules
My mother means more to me than she will ever know.

(Q. 11 – 12) Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. 2 x 1 = 2 M

Question 11.
The expression ‘like a lion’ is ……….
A) Simile
B) Irony
C) Metaphor
D) Personification
Answer :
A) Simile

Question 12.
Whose mother is like a rose?
A) Your mother
B) The poet
C) The poet’s
D) The sun’s
Answer :
C) The poet’s

(Q. 13 – 16) Answer the following questions in one or two sentences in your own words. 4 x 2 = 8 M

Question 13.
Is Hercules strong or weak?
Answer :
Hercules is strong.

Question 14.
Who/what is the mother compared to ?
Answer :
The poet’s mother is compared to : the sun, the lion, the rose and Hercules.

Question 15.
The poet’s mother is very important to him. Yes or No.
Answer :
Yes, the poet’s mother is very important to the poet.

Question 16.
What animal is brave and courageous ?
Answer :
The lion, the king of the forest, is brave and courageous.

EXERCISE – 3

Study Skills :

Observe the following table.

(Q. 11 – 12) Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. 2 x 1=2 M

Question 11.
Who got the lowest score in English ?
A) Pavani
B) Sindhu
C) Sandeep
D) All of the above
Answer :
Sandeep

Question 12.
Who scored the highest marks in Maths ?
A) Hemadri
B) Sindhu
C) Pavani
D) None of the above
Answer :
A) Hemadri

(Q. 13 – 16) Answer the following questions in one or two sentences in your own words. 4 x 2 = 8 M

Question 13.
What does the above table display?
Answer :
The above table displays marks obtained by six students in six different Subjects.

Question 14.
How many marks did Kavya score in Telugu ?
Answer :
Kavya scored 56 moarks in Telugu.

Question 15.
Who got the highest score in Hindi ?
Answer :
Hemadri got the highest score in Hindi

Question 16.
Who scored better marks in Social – Sandeep or Hemadri ?
Answer :
Hemadri secured better marks in social.

Section – B : Vocabulary and Grammar

(Questions 17 – 21)

Read the following passages focusing on the parts that are underlined and answer the questions given at the end. Write the answers in your answer booklet. 5 x 1=5 M

EXERCISE – 1

The fire spread rapidly (17). It reached out sideways all down the edge of the path, and at the same time it began to crackle forward through the heavy grass and popping (18) thorns, among trees whose leaves curled with the heat and wavered in the wind made by the fire, and finally caught on fire themselves till the hole (19) tree was flying flames and dying _ tree for (20) tree _ till the smoke piled up into a great rolling column that could be seen for miles, and the forest fire was in (21) full roar.

Question 17.
The antonym of the underlined word is ………
A) rapid
b) quick
C) gradually
D) steadily
Answer :
C) gradually

Question 18.
The meaning of the underlined word is ………
A) making no sound
B) making quick, explosive sound
C) silence
D) quiet
Answer :
B) making quick, explosive sound

Question 19.
Replace the underlined word with a suitable one.
A) wholly
B) holes
C) whole
D) wholes
Answer :
C) whole

Question 20.
Replace the underlined word with a suitable word.
A) and
B) or
C) before
D) after
Answer :
D) after

Question 21.
The part of speech of the underlined word is …….
A) noun
B) conjunction
C) pronoun
D) preposition
Answer :
D) preposition

EXERCISE – 2

Then it began (17) to pick its way carefully along the slender stick. It camed (18) very close to his fingers; it would have climbed onto him, actually, if he (19) had not let go his fingers at that moment and held the stick by the other end; the ant suddenly faced an abyss (20). Then it turned round and started walking back towards Gopal (21) fingers. But Gopal repeated the trick; shifted his fingers in time to the other end of the stick.

Question 17.
Write the base form of the underlined word.
A) begin
B) begins
C) beginning
D) begun
Answer :
A) begin

Question 18.
The correct from of the underlined word is ……..
A) come
B) came
C) comes
D) coming
Answer :
B) came

Question 19.
The part of speech of the underlined word is ………
A) noun
B) pronoun
C) adjective
D) preposition
Answer :
B) pronoun

Question 20.
The meaning of the underlined word is ……..
A) boss
B) well
C) borewell
D) a bottomless pit of emptiness
Answer :
D) a bottomless pit of emptiness

Question 21.
Choose the suitable form of the underlined word.
A) Gopi
B) Gopals
C) Gopals’
D) Gopal’s
Answer :
D) Gopal’s

EXERCISE – 3

I founded (17) the villagers were curious about me, and strange as it may seem, I had not anticipated (18) it. It usually showed itself in their asking me direct questions. For instance (19), a few children from the headman’s household watched me eat my first lunch in the village. I had taken my food in a tiffin-carrier and it included a large tomato. The children watched from outer (20) the window, grasping the window bars with their hands while feet rested on a ledge in the wall. They talked to each other as I plunged my teeth (21) into the tomato.

Question 17.
The correct form of the underlined word is ………….
A) find
B) formed
C) finds
D) found
Answer :
D) found

Question 18.
The synonym of the underlined word is ……..
A) delayed
B) started
C) stopped
D) expected
Answer :
D) expected

Question 19.
The meaning of the underlined word is ……….
A) for reality
B) for example
C) for further
D) for sure
Answer :
B) for example

Question 20.
Replace the underlined word with a suitable word.
A) inside
B) interior
C) outside
D) exterior
Answer :
C) outside

Question 21.
The singular form of the underlined word is ……….
A) tooth
B) tooths
C) teeths
D) teethes
Answer :
A) tooth

(Questions 22 – 26)

Complete the following passages choosing right words from those given below it. Each blank is numbered, and for each blank four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) are given. Choose the correct answer from these choices and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. 5 x 1 = 5 M

EXERCISE – 1

A desert is a special region where only certain kind of plants and animals can survive. All deserts have very …………. (22) water. This means that only animals and plants that can …………. (23) without water for long periods of time can exist in the desert. Plants in the desert are particularly adapted …………. (24) the dry and hot environment. …………. (25) well-known desert plant is the cactus. …………. (26) many desert plants, this plant has very tiny leaves.

Question 22.
A) some
B) few
C) large
D) little
Answer :
D) little

Question 23.
A) leave
B) left
C) lived
D) live
Answer :
D) live

Question 24.
A) too
B) to
C) for
D) with
Answer :
B) to

Question 25.
A) Many
B) Some
C) None
D) One
Answer :
D) One

Question 26.
A) Unlike
B) Like
C) So
D) Because
Answer :
B) Like

EXERCISE – 2 

Once upon a time there was a king who loved to wear new clothes. He wanted a new outfit …………. (22) for himself every day, until finally the royal tailor ran out of ideas for his wardrobe.
The tailor …………. (23) his brain and then came up with a plot to teach the vain king a …………. (24). He told the king that he would make him a special robe this
…………. (25). It would be the most beautiful robe in the world, but
…………. (26) intelligent people would be able to see it.

Question 22.
A) put
B) makes
C) make
D) made
Answer :
D) made

Question 23.
A) rubbed
B) used
C) racked
D) reserve
Answer :
C) racked

Question 24.
A) poem
B) lesson
C) fight
D) summary
Answer :
B) lesson

Question 25.
A) week
B) month
C) time
D) year
Answer :
C) time

Question 26.
A) only
B) some
C) few
D) a few
Answer :
A) only

EXERCISE – 3

“I couldn’t go …………. (22),” Mary thought wearily. She had no idea how …………. (23) they had walked, or …………. (24) how long. It seemed like forever. She had protested once or …………. (25) in the beginning that they would be wiser to …………. (26) remain in the jeep or return to the cool shade of the trees around the oasis.

Question 22.
A) on
B) out
C) away
D) off
Answer :
A) on

Question 23.
A) long
B) far
C) distance
D) for
Answer :
B) far

Question 24.
A) for
B) in
C) by
D) on
Answer :
A) for

Question 25.
A) never
B) thrice
C) twice
D) all
Answer :
C) twice

Question 26.
A) whether
B) either
C) neither
D) nor
Answer :
B) either

(Questions 27- 31)

Read the following passages. Five sentences are numbered. Each numbered sentence has an error. Find the error and write the correct sentences in your booklet. 5 x 2 = 10 M

EXERCISE – 1

Gary Lopez : (27) Good evening, ladies or gentlemen. (28) Welcome for The Computer Game. (29) Today another human player get a chance to match wits with our very own computer _T2! ((30) MT2 blinks its lights and the studio audience claps loud.)
Gary Lopez : (31) Today player is Joan Robinson from the Oak Street School. Feeling smart, Joan?
Answer :
27. ladies and gentlemen
28. welcome to the Computer Game
29. another human player gets a chance
30. the studio audience claps loudly
31. today’s player

EXERCISE – 2

(27) When chores demand his energies,
(28) I simply text her, warning, “Please!”
No alibis or missing words,
(29) Because it’s clear that she heard.
(30) And if my daughter goes inside
To visit friends, both far and wide
Her curfew’s easy to enforce
(31) With her newly cellular resource.
Answer :
27. demand her energies
28. text her, asking “Please!”
29. she has heard
30. daughter goes outside
31. new cellular resource

EXERCISE – 3

(27) The Inspector had smiled and patted Margie head after he had finished. (28) He said to her mother, “It’s not the little girl’s faults. (29) Mrs. Jones, I think the geography sector was geared a little too quick. (30) Those things happening sometimes. I’ve slowed it up to an average ten – year level. (31) Actually, the overall pattern of her progress is quiet satisfactory.
Answer :
27. patted Margie’s head
28. not the little girl’s fault
29. a little too quickly
30. those things happen sometimes
31. progress is quite satisfactory

EXERCISE – 4

MT2 : (27) I do not followed the question. (28) Please repeat again in the programmed form.
Second Noisemaker : BUZZ!
Joan : chrysanthemum. C-H-R-Y-S-A-N-T-H-E-M-U-M.
Girl : Right! (29) One points for Joan!
Boy : Hurrah!
MT2 : (slowing down): (30) I is MT2, Computer ……… I am MT2 I am MT ……… MT ………… M ……… T ………..
Gary Lopez : (31) The computer’re breaking down!
Answer :
27. I do not follow the question
28. Repeat in the programmed form
29. One point for Joan
30. I ma MT2
31. The computer’s breaking down

EXERCISE – 5

(27) Margie did so by a sigh. (28) She was thinking about the old schools they have when her grandfather’s grandfather was a little boy. (29) All the kids from the whole neighbourhood came, laughing and shouting in the schoolyard, sitting together in the schoolroom, going to home together at the end of the day. (30) They learned the same things, so they could help each other with the homework and talk about it.
(31) And the teachers were peoples…
Answer :
27. with a sigh
28. the old schools they had
29. going home together
30. they could help one another
31. the teachers were people

Scetion – C : Conventions of Writing

(Question 32)

Read the following passages carefully and supply the punctuation marks (. , ! ?” “) and capital letters, wherever necessary. Also correct the spellings of the underlined words. 5 M

EXERCISE – 1

i think anxiety and exposure had driven him of his head. he has been running wild on the moor and must have eventualy fallen and broken his neck, I said
Answer :
“I think anxiety and exposure had driven him of his head. He has been running wild on the moor and must have eventually fallen and broken his neck,” I said.

EXERCISE – 2

Now, Mrs. salmon, you must remember that a man’s life may depend on your evidence
I do remember it sir.
Is your eyesite good
Answer :
“Now, Mrs. Salmon, you must remember that a man’s life may depend on your evidence.” “I do remembex it, six.”
“Is your eyesight good?”

EXERCISE – 3

The baby’s dead she cried, Whateve gave you that idea It’s only that anna’s husband and his family came and took it away.
Answer :
“The baby dead!” she cried. “Whatever gave you that idea? It’s only that Anna’s husband and his family came and took it away.”

Section – D : Creative Writing (Discourses) :

(Question – 33)

A) Holi was celebrated across the nation and and also in Telangana very happily. Imagine yourself as a news reporter of an English daily. Now, write a news report on how Telangana CM participated in the celebrations and what he spoke on this occasion.
Answer :

KCR PARTICIPATES IN HOLI FEST
(Our Bureau)

24 March, 20XX, Hyderabad : Telangana Chief Minister KCR took part in the Holi celebrations along with his party members held at the Telangana Bhavnan on Wednesday on a grand scale. He wished the people of Telangana on the occasion. CM, KCR beat drums and shook a leg with Banjara women, who sang traditional Holi songs. He said Holi is the only festival in which people of all castes, religions, regions, poor and rich and children and elders participate with lots of fun.
The Chief Minister said the message of the festival is to minimise the gap between rich and poor in the society, and hoped that poverty would be soon eradicated and people would live happily without any economic inequalities.

Meanwhile, he also interacted with party leaders and enquired about them and their well-being. Several other VIPs participated in the celebrations.

(OR)

B) Write a speech script on the topic “Is Praying Beneficial?”
Answer :
Honourable Chief Guest, respected headmaster, teachers and my dear friends. Good afternoon, everybody.
I am indeed pleased to stand before you and share my thoughts on today’s topic “Is Praying Beneficial?” By all means, praying is beneficial. It benefits us in many ways. If a child wants to become good at studies, he should concentrate on all subjects perfectly. Praying to God makes us concentrate on the activity we do. If a person wants to be free from worries, he should pray for some time. Praying helps a person while he is in bad times. Of course, I don’t say that only prayers fulfil our requirements without any human efforts. But, prayers lead a person to the pious path.

When we participate in prayers, our mind controls our thoughts in the right way. Every person gets two types of thoughts. One is good and the other is bad. Prayers do not allow bad thoughts. They always lead us to think good, say good, be good and do good. We have to work hard to achieve success. I feel God’s grace always enriches the hard work we do. To get the result of the work, we have to pray. Even scientifically, praying is a kind of meditation which provides relief to mind. Praying gives relief from tensions. It also provides mental relief and good health. Praying increases lifespan as well. For all age groups, small children to old people, praying is a natural medicine for all problems. With this I close my speech here.

Thank you very much for offering me such a rare opportunity.

(Question – 34)

A) You participated in a quiz contest. Under your leadership your team got the first prize. Now, express your feeling of pride in the form of a diary entry. 8 M
Answer :
Dt: XX.XX.XXXX
9: 00 p.m.

Dear Diary,
Today is a successful day for me and also for my team. I participated in a quiz contest today organised by Geetanjali School. Five teams participated in the contest in total. There were five rounds. Our team did well in the very first three rounds. But in the fourth round one of our opponents performed better than us and stood at the first place. Being the leader of the team, I asked all my team members to stay cool and confident and rise to the occasion. We excelled in the final round and won the first prize. I am really very proud of myself.

XXXX

(OR)

B) Prepare an invitation card on the bitter-sweet occasion of the Farewell Party to outgoing 10th class students.
Answer :

Telangana SCERT 8th Class English Study Material Telangana Unit 4B Preteen Pretext (Poem) Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 8th Class English Guide Unit 4B Preteen Pretext (Poem)

My teeny bopper has a phone;
She really never is alone.
It beeps and jitters day and night,
Emitting tiny bluish light.
Her ring tone is the latest rage,
As other preteens text and page.
One- liner messages appear
That make her grin from ear to ear.
The latest crisis, who likes whom,
The rock star with the best perfume;
Such weight matters cause her thrill
And elevate our monthly bill.
And yet, the silver lining glows,
For we have never come to blows.
I never have to raise my voice,
Because I have a high-tech choice.
If school assignments pile sky-high,
I exhale with a weighty sigh.

Like every modern mom who cares,
I simply telephone upstairs.
When chores demand her energies,
I simply text her, asking “Please!”
No alibis or missing word,
Because it’s clear that she has heard.
And if my daughter goes outside
To visit friends, both far and wide,
Her curfew’s easy to enforce
With her new cellular resource.
This beeping tether holds her close,
While helping her feel grandiose.
If separation e’er occurs,
My speed-dial links my heart to hers.
Our handy cell phones help us out,
Convenient, easy, with no doubt.
Yes, certainly, they have their place.
But can’t we talk once, face to face?
– Linda Ann Nickerson

I. Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
Who do you think is the speaker of the lines?
Answer :
I think the speaker of the lines is a woman (a mother).

Question 2.
What attitude of the speaker is conveyed through the last two lines of the first stanza?
Answer :
The last two lines of the first stanza depict that the days have become so busy with the cell phone. It always beeps and jitters day and night making people i.e. teeny bopper and the lady attending the cell phone regularly.

Question 3.
In what ways are cell phones useful for us according to the poem?
Answer :
Cell phones help us in many ways. They are very convenient, easy to attend at anytime. We can share our ideas with the people who are even far away from us. If we want to get things done by others, simple text or call is enough. It alerts the other people to respond to our instructions immediately.

Question 4.
What does the last line of the poem convey to us?
Answer :
We are very much confined to cell-phone. We use cell-phone to fulfil many of our jobs. At the same time we should remember that human relations are compulsory. Technology shouldn’t widen the gap between any two persons. We people will have to meet and talk face-to-face keeping aside modern devices. Otherwise our lives will become monotonous and will be mechanized losing valuable human relations.

Preteen Pretext (Poem) Summary in English

The poet explains how the atmosphere in a home changes with the arrival of the cellphone. She describes the child psycology of pre-teenagers and how they would become busy being amused by the cell-phone.

The poet says that her teeny bopper has become busy with the phone. She says that her teeny bopper is never alone. She is always in the company of the phone. The cell phone beeps and jitters day and night, emitting bluish light. The child becomes busy playing and involving in giving voting to select the best rock star. But that elevates monthly bill. She never has to raise her voice for her needs. She can use the high-tech choice i.e. cell phone.

If school assignments are piled up sky high, the poet makes a call to her daughter who is upstairs using the cell phone.

Whenever she needs her daughter’s help in routine work, she simply makes a call or sends a message to get the work done. Despite living in the same house, they talk on phone. The poet sarcastically suggests that cell phone is the root cause for disturbing human relations. The poet asserts that, if she is separated from her child, she can easily contact her by phone. She can make her heart move closer to her daughter through talking on phone. The poet says that no doubt, there is a lot of use of cell phone. It is very convenient, easy and helpful to us. However, cell phone is hindering human relations. The cell-phone has in fact made lives mechanical. The poet reminds us that people are supposed to meet and talk face-to-face to maintain human relations and bond.

Glossary :

1. jitters (v) : makes nervous
2. emitting (v): sending out light
3. bluish (adj) : bright
4. grin (v) : smile broadly
5. elevate (v) : raise to a higher level
6. pile (v) : things lying one on top of another
7. exhale (v) : breathe out
8. chores (n) routine tasks
9. alibis (n) : excuses
10. tether (n) : a rope for tying an animal
11. grandiose (adj) : planned on a large scale

Additional Meanings :

12. curfew : the time decided by a parent by which a child must be home or a sleep in the night.
12. patted : stroke lightly
13. fun : a time of feeling amused
14. beneath : below
15. tuck : fold of a cloth
16. probably : more likely than not
17. teeny bopper : a teen-age girl (teen-age : age between thirteen to nineteen years)
18. preteen : girl in early teen age

Telangana SCERT 8th Class English Study Material Telangana Unit 4A The Fun They Had Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 8th Class English Guide Unit 4A The Fun They Had

Pre – Reading :

Look at the pictures given below and answer the questions that follow:

Question 1.
What do you see in these pictures?
Answer :
I see a robot, a rocket launcher, e – class room and an Astronaut.

Question 2.
What do they tell us?
Answer :
They tell us about the development of Science and Technology in the modern age.

Oral Discourse Debate :

“Development in Science and Technology will always lead to disasters”.
Answer :
“Development in Science and Technology will always lead to disasters.”
Speaker – 1 : Respected Chairperson, honourable Judges and dear friends! I stand here to express my views for the motion, “Development in Science and Technology will always lead to disasters.” There is no doubt that science and technology are developing rapidly. At the same time, disasters are also increasing to a great extent. Terrorists are killing innocent people with deadly bombs. College students are attacking girls with acid. So, I strongly feel that development in Science and Technology will always lead to disasters.

Speaker – 2: Respected Chairperson, honourable Judges and dear friends! My knowledgeable opponent might have forgotten the fact that we, human beings, are misusing Science and Technology and we are responsible for all these disasters. But why to blame Science and Technology ? Now-a-days Science and Technology play a major role in almost every field. People depend on Science and Technology for many purposes. That is why I strongly oppose the motion.

Speaker – 1 : When my opponent feels that man is responsible for all these disasters, then why can’t he control himself and use Science and Technology in the right way? Youth is not on the right track today. Why? It is just because of Science and Technology. People indulge in playing games on mobiles and computers. What a waste of time and energy! When we can’t use time well, we can’t rise and shine in our lives. Science and Technology is doing more bad and than good. Through this, it is clear that Science and Technology is misguiding us.

Speaker – 2 : My friend has said that man is uncontrollable and is creating all these disasters. All men are not alike. Thoughts differ from person to person. It is better to look at the other side of the coin. With the help of internet, we can communicate with any person anywhere in this world. Science and Technology can foretell the occurrence of natural calamities like earthquakes, tsunamis etc. Science and Technology has both merits and demerits. Let’s drive benefits from the merits and minimise demerits. I hope man will realise his fault and use Science and Technology only for the well-being of mankind in future.

Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
What did Margie write in her diary?
Answer :
Margie wrote in her diary that Tommy found a real book. It means she did not see the physical shape of a book.

Question 2.
What things in the book did Margie find strange?
Answer :
The things Margie found strange are : It was a very old book. When they read the book they felt strange. The letters on the book were without any movement unlike on the TV screen. Margie felt funny on reading it.

Question 3.
Why do you think Margie was disappointed ?
Answer :
Margie was disappointed because she hated school very much. The mechanical teacher had been giving her test after test in geography. She had been doing worse and worse. Margie’s mother was very worried looking at her daughter’s performance. She sent for the County Inspector.
Margie hoped that they would take her mechanical teacher away from the computer, but it was not done.

Question 4.
Why did she think the old kind of school must have been a fun ?
Answer :
Margie thought that the old kind of school must have been fun because in old schools teachers were human beings and not machines. The children would learn, things reading printed books. All the kids from the neighbours would roam laughing and shouting, sit together in the school room and go home together at the end of the day. It was unlike her study room where she sat alone. They learnt the same things so they could help one another with the homework and talk about it. All these things made Margie feel fun which were quite opposite to her present experience.

Question 5.
Margie says old school was better than the future school!…. Do you agree with this statement? Give reasons.
Answer :
Yes, I agree with this statement because in future, only mechanical teachers teach through TV screens. There children never feel a human touch. In old schools, there was live teaching by human teachers. There they could share and exchange their ideas with one another.

Question 6.
What kind of school do you wish to have after 30 years ?
Answer :
I wish to have a school where live teaching would take place with the involvement of human teachers. I also wish, the teaching process isn’t mechanized in schools in the future. Teachers and children should be exchanging their ideas and views in a democratic way so as to strengthen the knowledge and wisdom of the students.

Question 7.
‘And the teachers were people.’ What do you understand by this expression ?
Answer :
I understand by this expression that there were human teachers and not the mechanical teachers who would be teaching students in class rooms. Mechanical teacher means the teacher who is present on computers. He is not a human teacher.

Vocabulary :

I. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box.
slots, loftily, dispute, screamed, scornful

1. We look …………… when we show something useless. (scornful)
2. Your workbook does not have ……….. for writing. (slots)
3. Why do you always ……….. your younger brother’s statements? (dispute)
4. The commander ordered ……….. to the soldiers, “Open fire”. (loftily)
5. All the boys ……….. when they saw a snake in their class room. (screamed)

II. Pick out the opposites for the following words from the story and use them in your own sentences.

1. serious × trivial – Achieving something is not a trivial matter.
2. scarce × abundant – Natural resources are abundant in India.
3. idle × busy, industrious – Don’t idle away your time; Be busy like a bee.
4. agree × refuse, decline; disagree = He refused my offer. He disagreed with me.
5. create × destroy – You have to create your own path. Destroy old ideas and construct new ideas!
6. knowingly × unknowingly – We shouldn’t commit mistakes knowingly or unknowingly.

III. Look at the underlined words in the following sentence taken from the text.

He was a round little man with a red face.
As you can see, there are two adjectives that precede the noun ‘ $m a n$ ‘. The adjective ’round’ and ‘little’ appear in a certain order. The adjective ‘little’ refers to the ‘size’ and ’round’ indicates the ‘shape’.

Think of two adjectives of size and shape for the following objects and put them before the nouns.

Answer :
1. a small round table.
2. a long pointed pencil.
3. a big square room.
4. a small round chapathi.
5 a thin big cat.

Gramanar :

I. Read the sentence taken from the text.
He added loftily pronouncing the word carefully “Centuries ago”.
In this sentence the words ‘carefully’ and ‘loftily’ are adverbs of manner, because they tell us about how the action is done.

1. Pick out some more verbs and the adverbs that go with them from the story or elsewhere. Use them in your own sentences.

1. She shook her head sorrowfully.
2. The geography sector was geared quickly.
3. History sector had blanked out completely.
4. He agreed to my proposal readily.
5. She prepared carefully for the examination.

2. Now look at the adverbs given in the box and fill in the blanks.
nonchalantly, quickly, completely, sorrowfully, awfully, carefully, differently

1. We all behave ………. when we don’t have any anxiety.(nonchalantly)
2. I ……….. forgot about it. (completely)
3. The report must be read ……….. then the action will be taken. (carefully)
4. The teacher shook her head ……….. when her student lied to her. (sorrowfully)
5. The two teams played ………… (differently)

II. Read the following sentences and notice the underlined part in each sentence.

1. They turned the pages, which were yellow and crinkly.
2. It was awfully funny to read words that stood still instead of moving the way they were supposed to – on a screen.

What, according to you, is the function of the underlined clause? Which part in the sentence does it modify? The underlined parts in these sentences are Relative Clauses.

A Relative Clause gives extra informaton about or identifies a person, place, time or thing. It normally begins with a relative pronoun such as who, where, when, what or that. It functions like an adjective. They are known as adjective clauses.

Now, read the following sentences and underline the relative clauses.
a) The part Margie hated most was the slot where she had to put homework and test papers.
b) This is the old kind of school that they had hundreds and hundreds of years ago.
c) My mother says a teacher has to be adjusted to fit the mind of each boy and girl it teaches and that each kid has to be taught differently.

III. Combine the sentences using where, who, which and that.

1. Mahi always tells funny stories. We all like them.
Mahi always tells funny stories that we all like.
2. Dolly ate all the biscuits. I bought them for Chandu.
Dolly ate all the biscuits which I bought for Chandu.
3. An old man visited us last night. He was my grandfather.
An old man who visited us last night was my grandfather.
4. We should remember the place. We used to meet often.
We should remember the place where we used to meet often.
5. Divija gave me a camera. It was not working.
The camera, which Divija gave me, was not working.

IV. Complete the following sentences using with suitable relative clauses.

1. I know the boy who is intelligent as well as wise.
2. I visited the place which I had never visited earlier.
3. He told me the time when to attend the meeting.
4. This is the book which I bought yesterday in Book Exhibition held in P.W.D. Grounds.

V. Editing :
Read the following passage. Every numbered sentence has an error. Identify and edit it.

(1) In Siripuram village it did not rain at three years. (2) Men, women and children looked at the sky anxious for signs of clouds. (3) The pond were now a wide stretch of caked earth. Thirsty animals crowded around puddles of dirty water. (4) Women went very far on search of water. (5) They returned with pots of water balanced over their head and some fodder of the cattle tucked under their arms.
Answer :
1. it did not rain for three years
2. Looked at the sky anxiously
3. The pond was now
4. went very far in search of water
5. some fodder for the cattle

Writing :

I. Mary is a girl studying in class eight. Read the following letter that she wrote to her friend Candy.

Wonderland,
Computer Town.
20th Sept. 2016.

Dear Candy,
I am very glad to say that I have established a computer teaching lab, which gives me full information with the help of a mechanical teacher. It’s an up to date lab. Technology is growing fast, isn’t it? Imagine our classroom in 30 years. Reply soon.
With warm regards,

Your loving friend,
Mary.

To
Candy,
Winterland,
Technical Country.

Write a reply imagining how our future classrooms will be in the next 30 years. You may use the following hints while writing.

Winterland,
Technical Country.
5th December, 2016.

Dear Mary,
I am very glad to receive your letter and being enlightened with the contents describing the enrichment of computer lab. I would also throw light on our future class rooms and how they are going to be in the next 30 years.

Our future class rooms may be fully equipped with e-library, e-screen and e-mail facilities. They could make our learning easy and fruitful in surpassing the challenges thrown by the advancing world. I also imagine that there would be robot teachers who would be teaching us online. There the evaluation of our progress would take place through technology using advanced devices. That’s the class room in my dream in the next 30 years, Mary ! How do you feel ?
Reply soon.
With warm regards.

Your loving friend,
Candy

To
Mary,
Wonderland,
Computer Town.

Listening Passage :

Message from Space

Sunitha Williams sent out warm wishes on the occasion of Diwali from the International Space Station.

“I just want to wish everybody in India and people of Indian origin around the world a “Happy Diwali”. It’s a wonderful festival and I am happy we are part of it up here at the International Space Station. I did bring a couple of things that have to do with India from my father, particularly a peaceful ‘om’ that stays outside my crew quarters where I sleep, and the Upanishads. So I can read it while I am up. It is a small version (of the Upanishads) but it definitely brings the wisdom to us while we are here and allows us to think of the true meaning of life and what we are doing. Heartfelt feelings for the work we are doing up here and how we are doing and for our safe return home.

Listen to a message from space by Sunitha Williams and answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What is the text about?
Answer :
The text is about ‘Sunitha Williams’ wishes from the International Space Station to every Indian on the occasion of Diwali.

Question 2.
Where was Sunita Williams when she sent the message?
Answer :
She was in the International Space Station.

Question 3.
On which occasion did she send the message ?
Answer :
She sent the message on the occasion of Diwali.

Question 4.
What are the two things Sunita received from her father ?
Answer :
The two things Sunita received from her father are ‘ $\mathrm{Om}$ ‘ and ‘Upanishads’.

Question 5.
In what way did the Upanishads help Sunita?
Answer :
Upanishads made Sunita feel that she got wisdom. Upanishads gave her the true meaning of life and what she was doing. They enlightened her to have heart felt feelings for her work, and for their safe return home.

Study Skills :

Here are posters about two schools. Read them carefully.

Every one of you have an aspiration. Some one wants to become a sportsperson, a software engineer etc., As a student in which school do you want to join? Why? Write your opinion here.
Answer :
I am also an aspirant of a bright career. But as an aspirant, I prefer to join the school which can expand my spheres of knowledge in all aspects. They add to my bright future. As I have gone through the posters in the newspapers, I prefer to join the school, that enhances all-round development of the child. The school must be located in the midst of nature and there should be individual attention. It should focus, on social values in addition to education. I like to acquire all the skills, which can make me a complete man, useful to the nation.

For the harmonious development of the child there should be games, dance and all cultural activities. The school should make children, wonderful citizens. In my view majority of the children are being made technicians rather than good citizens. But there are schools which are providing facilities to the children to become wonderful citizens.

So I prefer those schools, which can impart education in Science and Technology in addition to games, music, dance, Indian heritage, moral education giving focus on social values. They are very essential for the all round development of the child as well as the development of the nation. I prefer to join that kind of school for bright future. I hope all the students are wise in choosing the best school which can provide a bright future for them.

The Fun They Had Summary in English

(In the lesson, Mechanical teacher means an image produced on the screen.
This teacher image is a part of computer programme meant for teaching)
This is an interesting conversation between two characters Margie and Tommy in this science fiction. Both are students in the year 2157 almost a century from today. Imagine that, at that time, science and technology has develop fully using electronic gadgets.

Margie looks at the old book in the hands of Tommy. There are printed letters which are not moving. Such printed books were in vogue at the time of their grand father’s grand father. Tommy says that such books are read and thrown away. But on the computer through which both Tommy and Margie are being educated, millions of books can be preserved.

Margie is impressed by the system of old education in those days. The students in those days came from their neighbourhood laughing and shouting. They used to sit together, and help one another. It was funny and enjoyable. Margie does not like the mechanical teacher. There is neither interest nor fun in such a learning.

The author emphasises that mechanized teaching should not be imparted. It should not involve in human life.

About the Autor :

Isaac Asimov (1920 – 1992) was an American author best known for his science fiction. He was the professor of biochemistry at Boston University. He is considered the master of science fiction. Most of his works explain scientific concepts in a historical way. He worked as the president of AHA (American Humanist Association). He earned a credit on ‘Star Trek’, a movie on science fiction. His famous works are ‘The Foundation Series’, ‘The Robot Series’ and ‘The Galactic Empire Series’.

Glossary :

1. crinkly (adj) : with many folds or lines
2. awful (adj, adv) : very bad, unpleasant
3. million (n) : ten lakhs
4. telebooks (n) : books seen or read on a television or computer screen
5. attic (n) : a space just below the roof, used as a storeroom
6. scornful (adj) : contemptuous; think something is worthless
Usage : There was a scornful look on Sharmila’s face, when she was not given the thing she wanted.
7. slot (n) : a given space, time or position
8. geared (v) : adjusted to a particular standard or level
Usage : Mr. Sona geared up to start a new work on the instruction of Ratna.
9. loftily (a d v) : in a superior way
10. regular teacher (n p h r) : a mechanical teacher (here)
11. betcha (exp) : (bet you) I’m sure
12. dispute (v) : disagree with
13. screamed (v) : gave a loud cry
Usage : She screamed on seeing the snake.
14. nonchalantly (adv) : not showing much interest
Usage: He replied non chalantly to my question.
15. beneath (prep.) : below
16. mechanical (adj) : connected with machines operated by power

Additional Meanings :

17. patted (v) : hit repeatedly
18. disappointed (adj) : upset
19. probably (adv) : likely to happen
20. blanked out (adv) : empty
21. tucked : held

Telangana SCERT 8th Class English Guide Telangana State Unit 3C The Garden Within (Poem) Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 8th Class English Guide Unit 3C The Garden Within (Poem)

There is a garden
in my heart
where beauty grows
in fits and starts.

Where smiles are petals
from the flowers
bestowed by others
from their bowers

Nutritious hope
reaps seeds to feed
my spirit
for its every need

With gratitude
I’ll reach my goal
To touch the island
of my soul.

Questions And Answers:

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What is the central idea of the poem ?
Answer :
Spirituality is depicted in this poem. It assertains that every individual’s heart looks like a beautiful garden full of flowers and bowers with a nutritious hope. One should be positive in one’s outlook. A positive attitude and nutritious hope leads us towards success. Everything lies within us. If we are able to see, our soul will be a garden, which makes our life beautiful.

Question 2.
What features of the garden in the poet’s heart are mentioned in stanza 1 ?
Answer :
He says it is the garden where beauty grows in fits and starts. It is the garden where smiles look like petals.

Question 3.
What is the mood of the poet? Put a tick (✓) mark.
a. sad
b. hopeful
c. thankful
Answer:
(b) hopeful

Question 4.
Explain the word ‘gratitude’ in the poem.
Answer :
The word gratitude expresses the mood of the person to be thankful towards the people who help him in need. Being thankful towards others is gratitude. SIMILE, METAPHOR AND PERSONIFICATION :

Observe the following sentences.

1. Here and there over the grass stood beautiful flowers like stars.
In this sentence “flowers are compared to stars” such comparison using ‘like’ and ‘as’ is called ‘simile’.
e.g.: a. He roared like a lion.
b. Her face is as white as snow.

2. Life is a journey. Enjoy the ride.
In the above sentence the word ‘journey’ is used to describe/compare the word ‘life’. Such words are called ‘metaphor’. They are used to show that two things have same qualities. They make the description more powerful.
e.g.: a. Rudramadevi was a lioness in the battle.
b. Her home was a prison.

3. Spring has forgotten his garden.
Here, though ‘spring’ is a season, it is represented as a human being and given the qualities of forgetting etc. Such usage in literature is called ‘personification’.
e.g.: a. The stars danced playfully in the moonlit sky.
b. The snow covered up the grass with her great white cloak.

Project Work:

A Garden of Qualities:

The poem ‘The Garden Within’ talks about out spirit and goals. Our qualities are an important part of who we are. All of us, girls and boys, men and women, have all human qualities. Some are better developed than others. Here are a list of few qualities. Circle the ones you think are more developed in you. Make a similar table in your book. Talk to 5 family members and $\mathbf{5}$ friends. Ask each one to tick their qualities. If you happen to come across more qualities, add them to the list.
Ans.
I talked to five of our family members. They circled like this. (Here, one is shown)

i. Circled by my niece, Priyanka.

ii. Circled by my friend, Tarun.

Students can prepare like the above collecting information from relatives and friends.

The Garden Within (Poem) Summary in English

The poet says that there is a garden in his heart. In that garden, beauty grows [like plants grow in a garden]. Smiles are grown in that garden like petals of flowers. The smiles are signs of the respect given by others. [Whenever some one respects us, we keep a smiling face in return]. His spirit is fed with seeds of hope. It means he is always positive in thoughts. He says the goal is to touch the soul and he is confident to reach it with gratitude.

Glossary:

1. in fits and starts (phr) : in a sudden and irregular manner
2. bowers (n) : a pleasant place in the shade of tree
3. bestowed (v) : gave, showed respect
4. nutritious (adj) : good
5. reaps (n) : gives
6. gratitude (n) : thankfulness
7. petal (n) : a delicate coloured part of a flower
8. spirit (n) : inner feeling or mood
9. goal (n) : something that you hope to achieve

Additional Meanings :

10. feed : to provide food
11. island : an area of land surrounded by water ; isolated thing
12. soul : inner mind = consciousness

Section – A : Reading Comprehension :

Read the following excerpt from ‘ The Selfish Giant – I’.

Tall Girl : Now we have nowhere to play.
Short Boy : We can play on the road.
Square Girl : But the road is very dusty.
Graceful Girl : And full of hard stones.
Round Boy : I don’t like it.
Graceful Girl : Let’s walk around the wall when our lessons are over. At least we can talk about the beautiful garden inside.
Tall Girl : How happy we were there!
Round Boy : He is a very selfish Giant.
(The Giant opens a door in the wall and shouts at the children.)
The Giant : AAAGH! My own garden is my own garden; any one can understand that, and I will allow nobody to play in it but myself. (The children scatter.)
Old Giant : Then the Spring came, and all over the country there were little blossoms and little birds. Only in my garden it was still Winter. The birds did not come to sing, and the trees forgot to blossom. The people who were pleased best were the Snow and the Frost.
Snow and Frost : Spring has forgotten this garden; so now we can live here all the year round!
Old Giant : The Snow covered up the grass with her great white cloak, and the Frost painted all the trees silver. Then they invited the North Wind to stay with them. When he came, he was wrapped in heavy furs. He roared all day about the garden and rejoiced in blowing the chimney-pots over.
North Wind : This is a delightful spot; we must ask the Hail to come on a visit.
Old Giant : So the old Hail came. Every day for three hours he rattled on the roof of the castle till he broke most of the slates, and then he ran round and round the garden as fast as he could go. He was dressed in grey, and his breath was like ice. I sat at the window and looked out at my cold white garden.

(Q. 1 – 5) Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. 5 × 1 = 5 M

Question 1.
Where did the children play ?
A) In their school garden
B) Outside The Giant’s garden
C) In The Giant’s castle
D) Inside The Giant’s garden
Answer:
D) Inside The Giant’s garden

Question 2.
The road was ……….
A) stony
B) susty
C) stony and dusty
D) stony or dusty
Answer:
C) stony and dusty

Question 3.
When did the children feel very happy ?
A) When they were at home
B) When they were at school
C) When they played in the garden
D) When they played on the road
Answer:
C) When they played in the garden

Question 4.
What is the meaning of the word ‘scatter’ ?
A) collect
B) disperse
C) gather
D) divert
Answer:
B) disperse

Question 5.
Who lived in the garden all the year around ?
A) The Giant
B) Old Giant
C) Spring
D) Children
Answer:
D) Children

(Q.6-10) Answer the following questions in one or two sentences in your own words. 5 × 2 = 10 M

Question 6.
Why do you think children have been named as ‘tall girl’, ’round boy’, ‘square girl’ etc. ?
Answer:
The Giant described the children’s conversations. As the giant did not know their names, he gave them names depending on their physical appearances.

Question 7.
How can you say that The Giant is selfish ?
Answer:
The Giant did not want to share his garden with others. He always said ‘My garden’. He put up a board saying trespassers would be prosecuted. He also built a high wall around his garden in order to prevent the children from entering the garden. Thus, I can say that the Giant is selfish.

Question 8.
Explain the word ‘cloak’.
Answer:
The word ‘cloak’ means a type of coat that has no sleeves.

Question 9.
Why was it still winter in The Giant’s garden ?
Answer:
It was still winter in the Giant’s garden because he was very selfish. God punished him for his selfishness.

Question 10.
What did the North Wind do ?
Answer:
The North Wind roared all day about the garden and rejoiced in blowing the chimneypots over.

Read the following passage.

There is an incident which occurred at the examination during my first year at the high school, and which is worth recording. Mr. Giles, the Education Inspector, had come on a visit for inspection. He had set us five words to write as spelling exercise. One of the words was ‘kettle’. I had mis-spelt it. The teacher tried to prompt me with the point of his boot, but I would not be prompted. It was beyond me to see that he wanted me to copy the spelling from my neighbour’s slate, for I had thought that the teacher was there to supervise us against copying. The result that all the boys except myself were found to have spelt every word correctly. Only I had been stupid. They tried later to bring this stupidity home to me, but without effect. I never could learn the ‘art of copying’.

Yet the incident did not in the least diminish my respect for my teacher. I was, by nature, blind to the faults of elders. Later I came to know many other failings of this teacher, but my regard for him remained the same. For I had learnt to carry out the orders of elders, not to scan their actions.

(Q. 11 – 12) Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. 2 × 1 = 2 M

Question 11.
Who came to the high school on a visit for inspection ?
A) Neighbour
B) Teacher
C) Education officer
D) Gandhiji
Answer:
C) Education officer

Question 12.
Gandhiji had learnt …………
A) art of copying.
B) carrying out the orders of elders.
C) finding fault with the teacher
D) scanning the actions of elders
Answer:
B) carrying out the orders of elders.

(Q. 13 – 16) Answer the following questions in one or two sentences in your own words. 4 × 2 = 8 M

Question 13.
Why did the copying incident not lessen Gandhiji’s respect for his teacher?
Answer:
The copying incident did not lessen Gandhiji’s respect for his teacher because he did not find fault with elders.

Question 14.
What did the teacher prompt Gandhiji to do?
Answer:
The teacher prompted Gandhiji to copy the spelling of the word ‘kettle’ from his neighbour’s slate.

Question 15.
What is your opinion about the art of copying?
Answer:
One should not encourage copying because one dollar earned is of more value than ten dollars found.

Question 16.
What do you learn as a student, from this account of Gandhiji’s school days?
Answer:
From this account of Gandhiji’s school days, as a student I learn two things – one is I should not learn the art of copying and the other is not to find fault with elders.

Section – B : Vocabulary & Grammar :

(Q. 17 – 21) Read the following passage focusing on the parts that are underlined and answer the questions given at the end. Write the answers in your booklet. 5 × 1 = 5 M

The king was surprising (17), and argued with the fisherman, but in the end (18) he said, ‘I promised to gave (19) you whatever you wanted, and I suppose (20) that I must keep my promise.’

After the king had hit him ten times, the fisherman jumped away and said, “That is enough for me. I promised the other ten to your minister.”

The king understood everything. He gave the minister the ten hits with the rod and removed him from the service (21).

Question 17.
Rewrite the underlined word with a suitable one.
A) surprise
B) surprised
C) surprises
D) surprisesed
Answer:
B) surprised

Question 18.
The antonym of the underlined word is …………
A) late
B) last
C) beginning
D) final
Answer:
C) beginning

Question 19.
Replace the underlined word with a suitable word.
A) giving
B) gives
C) give
D) given
Answer:
C) give

Question 20.
The synonym of the underlined word is …………
A) think
B) support
C) sign
D) certainly
Answer:
A) think

Question 21.
Rewrite the underlined sentence using ‘not only but also’.
A) He gave the minister the ten hits with the rod not only removed him from the service.
B) He gave the minister the ten hits with the rod but also removed him from the service.
C) He not only gave the minister the ten hits with the rod but also removed him from service.
D) He gave the minister not only the ten hits with the rod but also removed him from the service.
Answer:
C) He not only gave the minister the ten hits with the rod but also removed him from service.

(Q. 22 – 26) Complete the following passage choosing right words from those given below it. Each blank is numbered, and for each blank four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) are given. Choose the correct answer from these choices and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. 5 × 1 = 5 M

You have spent a day at the seaside. At the ………… (22) of the day, everyone tells you how ………… (23) darker you look. You are proud of your tan; it makes you ………… (24) healthy. However, studies have ………… (25) that too much sunlight can be damaging to your skin. Sunlight ………… (26) harmful rays known as ultraviolet rays.

Question 22.
A) ending
B) ends
C) end
D) ended
Answer:
C) end

Question 23.
A) many
B) much
C) most
D) more
Answer:
B) much

Question 24.
A) see
B) show
C) come
D) look
Answer:
D) look

Question 25.
A) show
B) showed
C) shows
D) shown
Answer:
D) shown

Question 26.
A) consists
B) continue
C) contains
D) calculates
Answer:
C) contains

(Q. 27 – 31) Read the following passage. Five sentences are numbered. Each numbered sentence has an error. Find the error and write the correct sentences in your answer booklet. 5 × 1 = 5 M

(27) Every afternoon, when school was over, the childrens came and played with me. (28) But I never saw again the little boy which I loved. (29) 0h, I would like to seeing him again! (30) I’ve grown old or feeble, waiting. (31) I cannot play about with the children anymore, so I sit here in my armchair, and watch the children at their games, and admire his garden. I have many beautiful flowers, but the children are the most beautiful flowers of all.
Answer:
27. the children came
28. the little boy whom I loved
29. like to see him again
30. grown old and feeble
31. and admire my garden

Section – C: Conventions of Writing :

(Q. 32) Read the following passage carefully and supply the punctuation marks (. , ? ” “) and capital letters, wherever necessary. Also correct the spelling of the underlined word. 5 M
Answer:
I won’t do it for anything in the world I thought when finally I was able to understand how their crazy system worked. “Not even if i knew that the best shot on earth was nearby, ready to fire a perfect bulet after the first two minutes”

Section – D : & Creative Writing

(Question – 33) :

A) Read the following poem. 12 M

Said the Duck to the kangaroo,
“Good gracious! How you hop!
Over the fields and water too,
As if you never would stop!
My life is a bore in this nasty pond,
And I long to go out in the world beyond!
I wish I could hop like you!”
Said the Duck to the kangaroo.
“Please give me a ride on your back!”
Said the Duck to the kangaroo.
“I would sit quite still, and say nothing but ‘Quack’,
The whole of the long day through!
And we’d go to the Dee and the Jelly Bo Lee,
Over the land, and over the sea;
Please take me a ride! O do!”
Said the Duck to the kangaroo.

Write a choreography script on the above poem.
While writing the choreography script, keep the following details.

• Title
• Theme
• Instances of the theme
• Locations
• Characters involved
• Sequence of actions

Answer:

Sequence of actions :

Scene – 1

• The chorustenters the stage and creates the visual image of the pond.
• The Duck calls out to the kangaroo and admires him for hopping.
• The Duck adds that its life in the pond is not at all interesting.
• The Duck wished it could hop like the kangaroo.

Scene -2

• The chorus enters the stage and creates the atmosphere of a forest with a small pond.
• The Duck requests the kangaroo to allow him to ride on his back.
• He promises that while he is on his back he will remain quiet and only say ‘quack’.
• The Duck urges the kangaroo to carry him to beautiful places such as the Dee and the Jelly Bo Lee (These are imaginary beautiful places created by the poet).

(OR)

B) Chief Minister KCR and other VIPs offered prayers to the presiding deity of the Mahankali temple in Secunderabad. Now, write a news report about the visit of the VIPs.
Answer :

Bonalu Festival
(Our Bureau)

3rd August, 20XX, Hyderabad : Chief Minister K Chandrashekar Rao and a host of VIPs, including Union Ministers M. Venkaiah Naidu and Bandaru Dattatreya, visited the Mahankali temple in Secunderabad and offered prayers.

The Chief Minister, accompanied by his wife Shobha, visited the temple in the morning and offered silk clothes and special pujas to the presiding deity. KCR said that he had prayed to the goddess to shower blessings and help in the development of Telangana State and ensure property and health of the people. He prayed to the goddess to bless the state with adequate rains and crops. He said the blessings of the goddess would always be there for the people of the state.

On arrival at the temple, the temple committee members gave him a grand reception and at the end of the prayers, they offered “theertha prasadams” to him.

Earlier, Commercial Taxes Minister Talasani Srinivas Yadav presented silk clothes to the Goddess Mahankali on behalf of the state government. Yadav said the TRS government had declared Bonalu as the state festival last year and released adequate funds for the celebrations. He also said at the instance of the Chief Minister all the Ammavaru temples in Secunderabad were illuminated for the occasion.

Among other dignitaries, who visited temple, included state BJP President G. Kishen Reddy, Nizamabad MP Kavitha, Deputy Speaker Padma Devendar, Telangana Council Chairman K. Swamy Goud, Telangana political JAC Convenor Prof. Kodandaram, Srinivas Goud and others. The Endowments Department made elaborate arrangements for the Bonalu festival. The devotees started queuing up at the temple from 2o’ clock onwards. The police made elaborate security arrangements.

(Question – 34) :

A) Imagine that you are the captain of your school cricket team. An inter-school cricket tournament is going to be organised next week. Draft a notice inviting the players for the team selections. 8 M
Answer :

TAGORE TALENT SCHOOL
NOTICE

Dt : XX.XX.XXXX

TEAM SELECTIONS

It would be great pleasure to intimate the school cricket team that the Lions Club is organizing an inter-school cricket tournament next week. So all the players are instructed to gather at the school playground tomorrow at 4:00 p.m. The head coach will select the wellbalanced team. Practice sessions will start soon after the selections.
For further details, you may contact the head coach.
Sd/-
Vijay
VIJAY
(Captain)

(OR)

B) Suppose that your sister’s son is going to celebrate his birthday next week. Now, design an invitation card on this occasion.
Answer :

Additional Exercises :

Section – A : Reading Comprehension

(Questions 1 – 10)

Exercise – 1

Read the excerpt from “The Selfish Giant – I”.
The Giant : It is your garden now, little children.
Old Giant : I took a great axe and knocked down the wall. And when the people were going to market at Twelve 0 ‘ clock they found me, yes me, playing with the children in the most beautiful garden they had ever seen. All day long we played, and in the evening the children came to bid me good-bye.
Tall Girl : Now we have somewhere to play.
Short Boy : This is much better than the road.
Square Girl : Yes, the road is so dusty, and the dust makes me sneeze.
Graceful Girl : And the grass is so much nicer than all those hard stones.
Round Boy : I like all the flowers.
Graceful Girl : And the trees.
Tall Girl : How happy we are all here! Thank you, Mr. Giant.
Round Boy : Yes, thank you. You are a very very nice Giant.
The Giant : But where is your little companion? The boy I put into the tree.
Graceful Girl : I don’t know.
Round Boy : He has gone away.
The Giant : You must tell him to be sure to come here tomorrow.
Tall Girl : I don’t know where he lives.
Square Girl : I have never seen him before.
The Giant : But I wanted to thank him. When he kissed me on the cheek I felt as though a great weight had been lifted from my heart.

(Q. 1 – 5) Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. 5 × 1 = 5 M

Question 1.
“It is your garden, little children” is said by …………
A) Tall Girl
B) The Giant
C) Round Boy
D) Square Girl
Answer:
B) The Giant

Question 2.
When did the children leave the garden?
A) In the morning
B) During holidays
C) At twelve O clock
D) In the evening
Answer:
D) In the evening

Question 3.
What is better than the road ?
A) The school
B) The playground
C) The village
D) The garden
Answer:
D) The garden

Question 4.
Who do you think the little companion is ?
A) A little boy
B) God
C) The Giant
D) Angel
Answer:
B) God

Question 5.
What type of text is this passage ?
A) Choreography
B) Speech
C) Conversation
D) Play
Answer:
D) Play

(Q.6- 10) Answer the following questions in one or two sentences in your own words. 5 × 2 = 10 M

Question 6.
Who knocked down the wall? Why?
Answer:
The old Giant knocked down the wall in order to allow the children into the garden once again.

Question 7.
Why are the children happy in the garden?
Answer:
The children are happy in the garden because it is a very good and beautiful place for them to play.

Question 8.
Why did the children thank the old Giant?
Answer:
The children thanked the old Giant because he knocked down the wall and once again allowed the children to play in his garden.

Question 9.
How did the old Giant feel when the little boy kissed him?
Answer:
When the little boy kissed the old Giant on the cheek, he felt as though a great weight had been lifted from his heart.

Question 10.
What is the central theme of the play?
Answer:
The central theme of the play is that real happiness and joy comes from loving, caring and sharing. As long as a person is selfish, he cannot get true happiness. When we don’t share what we have with others, we feel lonely.

Exercise-2 

Read the excerpt from ‘The selfish Giant – II’.

Old Giant : I once owned a large, lovely garden, with soft green grass. Here and there over the grass stood beautiful flowers like stars, and there were twelve peach trees that in the springtime broke out into delicate blossoms of pink and pearl and in the autumn bore rich fruit. The birds sat on the trees and sang so sweetly that the children used to stop their games in order to listen to them…
Every afternoon, as they were coming from school, the children used to go and play in MY garden… but one day I came back.

I had been to visit my friend the Cornish ogre, and had stayed with him for seven years. After the seven years were over, I had said all that I had to say, and I determined to return to my own castle. When I arrived, I saw children playing in MY garden.
The Giant : What are you doing here? (The children run away.)
The Giant : My own garden is my own garden; any one can understand that, and I will allow nobody to play in it but myself.
(The old giant points out the younger giant working on a wall, putting up a sign and then listening at the wall.)

Old Giant : So I built a high wall all round and put up a notice-board: TRESPASSERS WILL BE PROSECUTED

(1-5) Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. 5 × 1 = 5 M

Question 1.
In spring, plants …………
A) begin to grow
B) begin to destroy
C) begin to fall down
D) stop growing
Answer:
A) begin to grow

Question 2.
What sang the songs sweetly ?
A) Animals
B) Birds
C) Children
D) The Giant
Answer:
B) Birds

Question 3.
How long did the Giant stay with his friend?
A) For several years
B) For a short time
C) For seven years
D) For a very long time
Answer:
C) For seven years

Question 4.
What kind of man was the Giant?
A) Kind
B) Selfish
C) Helpful
D) Caring
Answer:
B) Selfish

Question 5.
What type of text is the above passage ?
A) Interview
B) Speech
C) Drama
D) Skit
Answer:
C) Drama

(6 – 10) Answer the following questions in one or two sentences in your own words. 5 × 2 = 10 M

Question 6.
Describe the garden.
Answer:
The garden was large and lovely with soft green grass.

Question 7.
Why did the children run away?
Answer:
The children ran away because the Giant shouted at them asking what they were doing in the garden.

Question 8.
Why will ‘the Giant’ not allow anybody to play in the garden?
Answer:
‘The Giant’ will not allow anybody to play in the garden because he thought that it was his own garden. Moreover, he was selfish.

Question 9.
What was built all around the garden? Why?
Answer:
A high wall was built all around the garden in order to prevent the children from entering the garden.

Question 10.
Explain the line ‘TRESPASSERS WILL BE PROSECUTED’.
Answer:
The line ‘TRESPASSERS WILL BE PROSECUTED’ means persons who enter the premises without permission will be sued.

Exercise – 3
Read the poem from “The Garden Within”

There is a garden
in my heart
where beauty grows
in fits and starts.
Where smiles are petals
from the flowers
bestowed by others
from their bowers.

Nutritious hope
reaps seeds to feed
my spirit
for its every need.
With gratitude
I’ll reach my goal
To touch the island
of my soul.

– Celia Berrell

(1 – 5) Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. 5 × 1 = 5 M

Question 1.
What is in the poet’s heart ?
A) A hut
B) A garden
C) A flower
D) A tree
Answer:
B) A garden

Question 2.
The phrase ‘in fits and starts’ means
A) In a relaxed way
B) In a planned manner
C) In a better way
D) In a sudden and irregular manner
Answer:
D) In a sudden and irregular manner

Question 3.
The poet compared human soul to …………
A) River
B) Sea
C) Island
D) Ocean
Answer:
C) Island

Question 4.
The word ‘bestowed’ means …………
A) helped
B) gave
C) saved
D) fought
Answer:
B) gave

Question 5.
The title of the poem suggests that …………
A) the result of our work depends on our spirit.
B) the result of our work does not depend on our spirit.
C) our spirit is less.
D) our aim is not high.
Answer:
A) the result of our work depends on our spirit.

(6-10) Answer the following questions in one or two sentences in your own words. 5 × 2 = 10 M

Question 6.
What is the central idea of the poem ?
Answer:
The central idea of the poem is that the heart can be like a beautiful garden if the person has purity of thought to live in peace and harmony.

Question 7.
What features of the garden in the poet’s heart are mentioned in stanza 1 ?
Answer:
The beauty of the garden is mentioned in stanza 1 .

Question 8.
Explain the word ‘gratitude’ as used in the poem.
Answer:
Gratitude means the feeling of being grateful. The poet says that she is thankful for all that she has and it is this gratitude which will help her to reach her goal.

Question 9.
Pick out two pairs of rhyming words from the above poem.
Answer:
Two pairs of rhyming words from the above poem are : 1 . feed – need and 2. goal- soul

Question 10.
Why should we be grateful to others for their help ?
Answer:
We should be grateful to others for their help because it is a sign of culture to convey thanks to others for the help they have offered to us.

(Questions 11 – 16)

Exercise – 1

Read the following passage.

Mountaineering is now looked upon as the king of sports. But men have lived amongst the mountains since pre-historic times and in some parts of the world, as in the Andes and Himalayas, difficult mountain journeys have inevitably been part of their everyday life. However, some of the peaks were easily accessible from most of the cities of Europe. It is quite interesting that while modern mountaineers prefer difficult routes for the easiest ones, for the summit was the prize they all set their eyes.

In the risky sport of mountaineering the element of competition between either individuals or teams is totally absent. Rather one can say that the competition is between the team and the peaks themselves. The individuals making up a party must climb together as a team, for they depend upon one another for their safety.

(Q. 11- 12) Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. 2 × 1 = 2 M

Question 11.
People living in the Andes and Himalayas made mountain journeys …
A) as they lived in pre-historic time.
B) because of the challenge offered by the difficult journeys.
C) as it was a kind of sport.
D) because it was part of their day-to-day life.
Answer:
D) because it was part of their day-to-day life.

Question 12.
Mountaineering is different from other sports because the competition is between ….
A) Teams
B) Individuals
C) Teams and individuals
D) Teams and peaks
Answer :
D) Teams and peaks

(Q. 13 – 16) Answer the following questions in one or two sentences in your own words. 4 × 2 = 8 M

Question 13.
Why should mountaineers climb as a team ?
Answer:
Mountaineers should climb as a team because they have to rely on each other for safety.

Question 14.
According to the author, what is quite interesting ?
Answer:
According to the author, the interesting thing is that while modern mountaineers prefer difficult routes for the greater enjoyment of sport, the early climbers looked for the easiest ones, for the summit was the prize they all set their eyes.

Question 15.
Why do you think mountaineering is one of the risky sports ?
Answer:
In my view, mountaineering is one of the risky sports because even though every safety measure is taken by the mountaineer no safety is assured as anything may go wrong while scaling the mountain.

Question 16.
How is mountaineering treated now ?
Answer:
Now, mountaineering is treated as the king of sports.

Exercise – 2

Read the following poem.

I hear a sudden cry of pain!
There is a rabbit in a snare;
Now, I hear the cry again,
But I cannot tell you from where.
But I cannot tell you from where,
He is calling out for aid!
Crying on the frightened air,
Making everything afraid!

Making everything afraid,
Wrinkling up his little face,
As he cries again for aid;
And I cannot find the place!
And I cannot find the place
Where his paw is in the snare,
Little one! Oh, little one!
I am searching everywhere!
– James Stephens

(Q. 11- 12) Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. 2 × 1 = 2 M

Question 11.
‘A snare’ means …………
A) A well
B) A trap
C) A hill
D) A pin
Answer:
B) A trap

Question 12.
Who is the ‘little one’ referred to here?
A) A snare
B) The rabbit
C) The poet
D) Air
Answer:
B) The rabbit

(Q. 13 – 16) Answer the following questions in one or two sentences in your own words. 4 × 2 = 8 M

Question 13.
Why was the rabbit crying ?
Answer:
The rabbit was crying because it was caught in a trap.

Question 14.
What does the poet hear? What is his reaction ?
Answer:
The poet hears the sudden cry of pain made by the rabbit. He searches for the rabbit everywhere to rescue it.

Question 15.
How will you help the rabbit if you find its place?
Answer:
If I find the rabbit’s place, I will help it by opening the door of the trap.

Question 16.
Who is searching everywhere for whom ?
Answer:
The poet is searching everywhere for the rabbit.

Exercise -3

Observe the following advertisement.

(Q. 11- 12) Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.
2 × 1 = 2 M

Question 11.
According to the above advertisement, Geethanjali Junior College is located in …
A) Hyderabad
B) Delhi
C) Mysore
D) Nagarkurnool
Answer:
D) Nagarkurnool

Question 12.
What type of food is available in Geethanjali Junior College ?
A) Wonderful food
B) Delicious food
C) well-experienced food
D) Hot food
Answer:
B) Delicious food

(Q. 13 – 16) Answer the following questions in one or two sentences in your own words. 4 × 2 = 8 M

Question 13.
What courses are offered in Geethanjali Junior College ?
Answer:
Courses such as IIT – JEE, AIEEE \& EAMCET in MPC, EAMCET in BiPC and CA-CPT in MEC are offered in Geethanjali Junior College.

Question 14.
How is the environment in Geethanjali Junior College ?
Answer:
In Geethanjali Junior College, the environment is homely.

Question 15.
What type of college is Geethanjali Junior College ?
Answer:
Geethajali Junior College is a complete corporate junior college.

Question 16.
Whose success is the success of the college ?
Answer :
Students’ success is the success of the college.

Section – B : Vocabulary and Grammar

(Questions 17 – 21)

Read the following passage focusing on the parts that are underlined and answer the questions given at the end. Write the answers in your answer booklet. 5 × 1 = 5 M

Exercise – 1

There was a farmer in Africa who was happy but (17) content. He was happy (18) because he was content. He was content (19) because he was happy. One day a wise (20) man came to him and told him about the glory of diamonds and the power that goes along with them. The wise man said, “If you had a diamond the size of your thumb, you could have your own city. If you had a diamond the size of your fist, you could probably own your own country.” And then he went away. That night the farmer couldn’t (21) sleep.

Question 17.
Replace the underlined word with a suitable word.
A) or
B) unless
C) if
D) and
Answer:
D) and

Question 18.
The antonym of the underlined word is …………
A) happier
B) joyful
C) unhappy
D) very happy
Answer:
C) unhappy

Question 19.
The synonym of the underlined word is ………
A) supported
B) satisfied
C) soft
D) sorry
Answer:
B) satisfied

Question 20.
The opposite of the underlined word is …….
A) miswise
B) diswise
C) irwise
D) unwise
Answer:
D) unwise

Question 21.
The full form of the underlined part is …………
A) could not
B) cannot
C) have not
D) had not
Answer:
A) could not

Exercise – 2

There he watched films (17). Film and (18) film. He liked the film ‘Bicycle Thieves (19). That kindled interest for (20) Young Ray in film-making. Slowly his interest led him to a world of creativity. That was the birth of a great film maker. And Ray become (21) a film maker.

Question 17.
The synonym of the underlined word is …………
A) images
B) creativity
C) movies
D) novels
Answer:
C) movies

Question 18.
Replace the underlined with a suitable connector.
A) before
B) after
C) or
D) for
Answer:
B) after

Question 19.
The singular form of the underlined word is …………
A) thiev
B) thiefes
C) thief
D) theft
Answer:
C) thief

Question 20.
Replace the underlined word with a suitable preposition.
A) in
B) on
C) at
D) of
Answer:
A) in

Question 21.
Replace the underlined word with its correct form.
A) became
B) becomes
C) becoming
D) have become
Answer:
A) became

Exercise – 3

Do you know how the moment (17) got its name? The name (Chipko) came from a word meaning ’embrace (18)’. In the movement, the people of the village (19) hugged the trees and thus saved them by put (20) their bodies in the way of the contractors’ axes (21).

Question 17.
Replace the underlined word with the correct one.
A) moments
B) movement
C) movements
D) monument
Answer:
B) movement

Question 18.
The synonym of the underlined word is ………
A) embraced
B) hug
C) dear
D) stared
Answer:
B) hug

Question 19.
Replace the underlined part with a single word.
A) peoples
B) villager
C) village head
D) villagers
Answer:
D) villagers

Question 20.
Rewrite the underlined word with its correct from.
A) putting
B) puts
C) keeping
D) keep
Answer:
A) putting

Question 21.
The singular form of the underlined word is …………
A) axis
B) axe
C) axeses
D) tool
Answer:
B) axe

(Questions 22 – 26)

Complete the following passages choosing the right words from those given below it. Each blank is numbered, and for each blank four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) are given. Choose the correct answer from these choices and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. 5 × 1 = 5 M

Exercise – 1

It was the time of the year for physical fitness tests again. The girls of Secondary 1B were lining up to ……….. (22) their height and weight measured.
“Kate, it’s your turn to ……….. (23) yourself,” Susie said.
“Let’s ……….. (24) she does not spoil the machine!” somebody shouted. There was a roar of laughter. Kate, ……….. (25) embarrassed, stepped onto the weighing machine.
“Sixty-two kilograms,” said Miss Murphy as she ……….. (26) Kate’s weight in the register.

Question 22.
A) has
B) had
C) having
D) have
Answer:
D) have

Question 23.
A) weight
B) weigh
C) weighs
D) weights
Answer:
B) weigh

Question 24.
A) feel
B) hoped
C) hope
D) imagine
Answer:
C) hope

Question 25.
A) felt
B) feeling
C) falling
D) filling
Answer:
B) feeling

Question 26.
A) listed
B) recorded
C) removed
D) relaxed
Answer:
B) recorded

Exercise – 2

The skunk is a creature which you probably do not want to go ……….. (22). What makes this animal unpopular ……….. (23) the terrible odour it gives ……….. (24). The skunk has two scent glands under its tail. These glands ……….. (25) a smelly fluid called musk. When it meets an enemy, the skunk squirts ……….. (26) musk in a spray.

Question 22.
A) far
B) long
C) end
D) near
Answer :
D) near

Question 23.
A) is
B) was
C) are
D) were
Answer :
A) is

Question 24.
A) of
B) off
C) on
d) in
Answer :
B) off

Question 25.
A) make
B) prepare
C) produce
D) absorb
Answer :
C) produce

Question 26.
A) out
B) in
C) sideways
D) everywhere
Answer :
A) out

Exercise – 3

In the beautiful country of Scotland, there is a lake called the Loch Ness. ………… (22) these peaceful surroundings, a sea monster known as the ‘Loch Ness Monster’ is ………… (23) to be living in the lake. This creature, affectionately ………… (24) as ‘Nessie’, has been reported to be seen by many people ………… (25) the lake. According to these ………… (26), Nessie looked like a dinosaur. It had a huge body, a small reptilian head and a long neck.

Question 22.
A) around
B) in
C) on
D) for
Answer :
B) in

Question 23.
A) say
B) said
C) says
D) saying
Answer :
B) said

Question 24.
A) called
B) known
C) calling
D) know
Answer :
B) known

Question 25.
A) on
B) under
C) around
D) away
Answer :
C) around

Question 26.
A) sayings
B) reports
C) performances
D) explanations
Answer :
B) reports

(Questions 27-31)

Read the following passages. Five sentences are numbered. Each numbered sentence has an error. Find the error and write the correct sentences in your answer booklet. 5 × 1 = 5 M

Exercise – 1

(27) In every trees I could see a little child. (28) The trees was so glad to have the children back again that they had covered themselves with blossoms, and were waving their arms gently above the children’s heads. (29) The birds were flying about and twittering with delight, and the flowers were looking up through the green grass but laughing. (30) It was a loving scene, only in one corner it was still Winter. (31) It was the farthest corners of the garden, and in it was standing a little boy.
Answer :
27. In every tree
28. The trees were so glad
29. through the green grass and laughing
30. It was ajovely scene
31. It was the farthest corner of the garden

Exercise – 2

Tall Girl : (27) Now we have somewhere to play.
Short Boy : (28) We can play in the road.
Square Girl : (29) But the road are very dusty.
Graceful Girl : And full of hard stones.
Round Boy : (30) I don’t liked it.
Graceful Girl : Let’s walk around the wall when our lessons are over. (31) At least they can talk about the beautiful garden inside.
Answer :
27. we have nowhere to play
28. on the road
29. the road is very dusty
30. I don’t like it
31. At least we can talk about

Exercise – 3

(27) What a marvelous sight is this! (28) In the farthest corner of the garden … an tree covered with lovely white blossoms. (29) Its branches are all golden, and silver fruit hangs down from them, and what are this? (30) Can it been? Oh! Can it be?
(31) He have come back! He has come back!
Answer :
27. What a marvelous sight this is
28. a tree covered with lovely white blossoms
29. What is this
30. Can it be
31. He has come back

Exercise – 4

(27) There is a garden
In my heart
(28) when beauty grows
In fits and starts.
(29) Where smiles is petals
From the flowers
(30) Bestowed with others
(31) from his bowers.
Answer :
27. There is a garden
28. where beauty grows
29. Where smiles are petals
30. Bestowed by others
31. from their bowers

Exercise – 5

Old Giant : (27) So the old Hail come. (28) Every day of three hours he rattled on the roof of the castle till he broke most of the slates, and then ran round and round the garden as fast as he could go. (29) He is dressed in grey, and his breath was like ice. (30) I sat at the window and looked out at my cool white garden.

The Giant : I cannot understand why the Spring is so late in coming. (31) I hope there will be a change in the whether.
Answer :
27. So the old Hail came
28. Every day for three hours
29. He was dressed in grey
30. looked out at my cold white garden
31. there will be a change in the weather

Scetion – C: Conventions of Writing

(Question 32)

Read the following passage carefully and supply the punctuation marks ( . , ? ” ” ) and capital letters, wherever necessary. Also correct the spellings of the underlined words. 5 × 1 = 5 M

Exercise – 1

Now I thought “the bull will give a signel. all the herd will turn round, rush back and charge”
Answer :
“Now,” I thought, “the bull will give a signal. All the herd will turn round, rush back and charge.”

Exercise – 2

She was an intresting girl I said. “can you tell me did she keep her hair long or short ”
Answer :
“She was an interesting girl,” I said. “Can you tell me did she keep her hair long or short?”

Exercise – 3

I want my photograph taken, I said. The photographer looked at me without enthusiasm. He was an old man in grey suit with the dim eye of a scientist But their is no need to describe him. everybody knows what a photographer is like.
Answer :
“I want my photograph taken,” I said. The photographer looked at me without enthusiasm. He was an old man in grey suit, with the dim eye of a scientist. But there is no need to describe him. Everybody knows what a photographer is like.

Section – D : Creative Writing (Discourses)

(Question – 33)

A) In the lesson, “The Selfish Giant’ the Giant did not allow the children to play in his beautiful garden. The children were disappointed. Now, narrate the incident in your own words.
Answer:

Trespassers will be Prosecuted

The Giant had a beautiful garden with soft green grass. But he was very selfish. Some children enjoyed playing in the garden in his absence. The owner of the garden who went to visit his friend came back to his place. Just at the same time, the children were playing in the garden as ustal. The selfish Giant was surprised to see the children playing in his garden. He roared at the children. Out of fear, they ran away in different directions. The Giant did not want the children to play in his garden. So, he built a high wall all around the garden. He also put a notice board with the words, ‘TRESPASSERS WILL BE PROSECUTED’. The children did not like the attitude of the Giant. They were bitterly disappointed. They were also upset because there was no other place for the children to play games happily. Finally, the Giant brought sadness to the children by means of his selfish attitude.

(Or)

B) Imagine you are a resident of Sai Nagar Colony, Shadhnagar. The residents of your colony are suffering due to the lack of medical facilities in your locality. Now, write a letter to the municipal commissioner of your town requesting him to set up dispensary in your locality.
Answer :

D. No. 3-7,
Sai Nagar Colony,
Shadhnagar.
Dt : XX.XX.XXXX

To
The Commissioner,
Municipal Corporation of Shadhnagar,
Shadhnagar.
Sub : Request for setting up a dispensary.
Sir,
On behalf of the residents of Sai Nagar Colony, Shadhnagar, I would like to draw your attention to the lack of medical facilities in our locality.

Getting medical aid at the appropriate time is a reason for concern in this area as the nearest dispensary is about four kilometres away. Though there are private clinics, these are beyond the reach of common man as they are very expensive.

Considering the problem faced by us on a regular basis, I request you to make necessary arrangements for setting up a dispensary in our locality at the earliest. Your efforts would be much appreciated.
Thanking you,

Yours truly,
XXXX

(Question – 34)

A) Read the following information about Rakesh Sharma, the first Indian in space. 8 M
Answer :

Rakesh Sharma

Rakesh Sharma was born on 13 January, 1949, Patiala. He was the first Indian who landed in space. He was married to Madhu, an expert interior decorator. His son’s name is Kapil. He worked in the Air Force. He got his commission in 1971. He received training at the Space Centre in Star City, near Moscow. This extraordinary and amazing individual went into space in the Soyuz T-11 on April 3, 1984 and returned to the earth on 11 April, 1984.

Now, write a short profile of Rakesh Sharma in a paragraph based on the information above.

(Or)

B) Imagine you are an eye specialist. Now design a poster conveying the idea of “Eye Donation”.
Answer :

Telangana SCERT 8th Class English Guide Telangana State Unit 3B The Selfish Giant Part 2 Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 8th Class English Guide Unit 3B The Selfish Giant Part 2

I. Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
How is the ‘child’ different from the other children ?
Answer :
The child was so small that he could not climb the tree to play like other children. He was wandering all around it crying bitterly. He was the smallest boy in the garden.
When the Old Giant put the boy up into the tree, he kissed the Old Giant with love whereas other boys ran away.

Question 2.
How does the narrator explain the idea of Spring time? Pick out some expressions.
Answer :
The narrator explains the idea of spring time with his personal attachment to nature by beautiful expressions.
a) the Hail stopped dancing
b) North wind ceased roaring,
c) a delicious smell coming.
All these showed the idea of Spring time.
With the arrival of children into the garden
a) the trees had covered themselves with blossoms,
b) the trees were waving their arms gently above the children’s heads.
c) the birds were flying about and twittering with delight and
d) the flowers were looking up through the green grass and laughing.
All the above explain the idea of Spring time.

Question 3.
What are the figurative expressions used in the play ? List them and mention their significance.
Answer :
The figurative expressions in the poem are :
1. The linnet bird’s song is the most beautiful music in the world.
2. The Hail has stopped dancing over head.
3. North Wind had ceased his roaring.
4. The trees had covered themselves with blossoms and were waving their arms gently over the children’s heads.
5. The birds were flying about and twittering with delight.
6. The grass had beautiful flowers like stars.
7. The peach trees broke into blossoms.
8. The flowers were looking up through the green grass and laughing. All these expressions listed above have given a human touch to the play. They draw the attention of all the (audience) readers to feel empathetic with the characters in the story.

Question 4.
What is the central theme of the play?
Answer :
The central theme of the play is:
One shouldn’t be selfish in enjoying the fruits of nature. Nature is a gift of God. It is for the pleasure of all. The fruits of nature should be enjoyed by all living beings in nature equally. Nature cannot be owned by a single person. Particularly children are most welcome to enjoy nature because they represent God. In this story, when the children come into the garden and start playing, with the very touch of children all the trees in the garden turn green as in the spring, full of flowers and fruits. It is explained symbolically that nature means God. God is happy when children are happy.

II. Complete the following sentences choosing the correct answers from the choices given below.

Question 1.
Both ‘Over the grass stood beautiful flowers like stars’ and ‘the peach-trees broke into blossoms’ refer to …………..
a) autumn
b) spring
c) winter
Answer :
b) spring

Question 2.
The Giant observed the children …………..
a) hiding in the garden
b) playing in the garden
c) dancing in the garden
Answer :
b) playing in the garden

Question 3.
The Giant knew the Spring had arrived from …………..
a) song of a linnet bird
b) sounds made by the children
c) blossoms in the garden
Answer :
a) song of a linnet bird

Question 4.
The Little Boy …………..
a) called The Giant by gesturing
b) flung hands around the neck
c) ran towards The Giant
Answer :
b) flung hands around the neck

Question 5.
‘What a marvellous sight is this?’ is said by …………
a) the children
b) the Little Boy
c) The Giant
Answer :
c) The Giant

Vocabulary :

I. Look at the following underlined phrase taken from the text and know the meanings.

1. Peach-trees that in the spring time broke out into delicate blossom. In the above sentence, the phrase ‘broke out’ means ‘to come out’.

A) Refer to a dictionary and find out phrasal verbs beginning with ‘break’. Use them in your own sentences.
1. Our car broke down on the road, we had to push it off.
2. The burglar broke into our neighbour’s home yesterday.
3. He suddenly broke down during his speech.
4. They were very close friends previously. They broke up these days.

B) Pick out some more phrasal verbs from the play ‘The Selfish Giant’.

1. looked up : The flowers were looking up through the greengrass
2. looked out : I sat at the window and looked out of my cold white garden 101
3. points out : The Old Giant points out at the younger Giant
4. knocked down : I took an axe and knocked down the wall
5. put up : I built a high wall all round and put up a notice board
put into : I put the boy into the tree
6. covered up : The snow covered up the grass
7. danced about : The snow danced about through the trees.
8. dance over : The Hail stopped dancing over my head
9. reach up : He could not reach up to the branches.
10. come on : We must ask the Hail to come on a visit
11. ran away : They all ran away
12. stole up : I stole up behind him
13. stretched out : The little boy stretched out his two arms
14. running back : She came running back
15. gone away : He has gone away
16. looks around : He rubs his eyes and looks around.
17. walk into : They walk into an ever expanding garden.

II. Read the underlined part of the sentence taken from the text.

This is a delightful spot.
In the above sentence ‘delightful’ means ‘pleasant’, the opposite (antonym) of it’s ‘gloomy’.
Pick out antonyms of the underlined words from the play and use them in your own sentences.

Question 1.
Nobody likes to be in hell. hell × heaven
Answer :
Everybody wants to be in Heaven.

Question 2.
You should beware of your foe. friend × foe
Answer :
You should be helpful to your friend.

Question 3.
It started raining cats and dogs. started × stopped
Answer :
It stopped raining hails.

Question 4.
She uncovered her head after she came out of the temple. uncovered × covered
Answer :
She covered her head with scarf.

Question 5.
This is the nearest shop to my house. nearest × farthest
Answer :
That is the farthest place to my school.

III. Look at the following sentence taken from the text.
Eg : I heard the children whispering outside the wall on their way to school. In the above sentence the underlined word indicates the children ‘speaking quietly’ outside the wall so that nobody else could hear.

Now match the words in column $A$ with those in column B with similar meaning.

Answer:

IV. Choose the correct meaning for the underlined word.

Question 1.
The Giant put a notice board, trespassers will be prosecuted
a) someone who enters a premises without permission
b) someone who forcibly enters a premises
c) someone who officially enters a premises
Answer :
a) someone who enters a premises without permission

Question 2.
The Giant was wrapped in furs and roared all day about the garden.
a) made a loud noise with anger
b) felt frustrated
c) looked pleased
Answer :
a) made a loud noise with anger

Question 3.
There are twelve peach-trees that in spring-time broke out into delicate blossoms.
a) leaves
b) flowers
c) fruits
Answer :
b) flowers

Question 4.
He rattled on the roof the whole day.
a) made series of sounds
b) shouted
c) tapped
Answer :
a) made series of sounds

Grammar :

Read the following sentences.

1. He is swimming in a pool.
2. Swimming is good for health.
In two sentences you notice that verbs are used with ‘-ing’. Do you notice any difference in them ?

In the first sentence the verb+ing is preceded by ‘is’. The verb is in progressive form.

In the second sentence you don’t find ‘is, are, was or were’ with verb+ing. Such verbs with ‘-ing’ without helping verbs are known as ‘Gerunds’. They are normally in the subject position or object position.

I. Identify gerunds in the following sentences and underline them.

1. The north wind ceased roaring.
2. The Child did not see the giant coming.
3. I heard the children whispering outside the wall on their way to school.
4. Why is the spring so late in coming?
5. Walking makes you healthy.

Writing :

Read the following notice taken from the play.

TRESPASSERS WILL BE PROSECUTED

Write a similar one – line notice each that you may find in the following places.
1. Hospitals : Keep silent
Hush! silence : Visitors are allowed only in the specified timings
2. Banks : Check your belongings before you leave
3. Public places : Smoking is prohibited in public places
4. Schools : Parents are not allowed into the class rooms
5. At home : Beware of dog

Listening Passage :

Lal Bagh

Dear Students; now we are in Lal Bagh Garden, Bangalore. It means “The Red Garden” in English. It is one of the famous gardens in India. It is located to the south of the city.

Hyder Ali, the ruler of Mysore commissioned the building of the garden in 1760. His son Tipu Sultan, completed it by importing trees and plants from several countries. The garden has over 1,000 species of flora. The garden is spread over 240 acres. The Glass House is the main attraction in this garden, modeled on London Crystal Palace.

Look there, you can see a 300 year old “Christmas Tree”. There are many such old trees we can find in the garden. Children, look there, you can find the scientific name tag to each tree.

Now we are moving towards the Rose Garden, which is another highlight of Lal Bagh. It has almost all the species of roses available worldwide.

Now we are at the giant Electronic Quartz Flower clock built by HMT. In this garden flower shows are conducted every year to educate people about different flora and help to cultivate the habit of growing plants among the public.

Listen to a description and answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Where is the garden located ?
Answer :
Lal Bagh Garden is located to the south of the city centre and is Bangalore’s main attraction.

Question 2.
What is so special about it ?
Answer :
Lal Bagh Garden has over 1000 species of flora, spread over 240 acres. The Glass House is the main attraction. There are many old trees which are 300 years old.

Oral Activity :

Talk about any garden you have visited.
A. I have recently visited a rose garden. It is very beautiful. There are a number of colourful rose plants. Beautiful butterflies fly over them. A delicious smell comes from the flowers. There are big trees also. Some birds sit on the trees and sing very sweetly. I am pleased and amused a lot.

Study skills :

Read the play ‘The Selfish Giant’ once again and summarize it.
Remember to follow the points given below.
1. Identify the main and subordinate ideas, section wise / part wise.
2. Separate the main idea from the subordinate ideas.
3. Identify the words / phrases which carry ideas.
4. Link your ideas properly with appropriate linkers.
5. Use the words / phrases that express the essence of the text.
6. Present the ideas briefly.

Summary :

Once there lived an Old Giant who owned a large, lovely beautiful garden with soft green grass. Children on their way home used to play in ‘the garden’. Once the Giant went to meet his friend. When he returned, he saw children playing in his garden. He decided not to allow anybody into his garden to play.

He constructed a wall around the garden, and kept a notice board – “Trespassers would be prosecuted”.

Time passed over. Spring came and it brought greenery in all the gardens in that locality except to the Old Giant’s garden. Meanwhile Snow and Frost came to the garden and settled on the branches. They started dancing on the branches and thought that they would never leave that garden. Snow covered all the trees, whereas frost painted all the trees with silver. Winter lingered in the garden without welcoming the Spring. The Old Giant could not understand why Spring did not enter his garden.

In one corner there was still winter, one small boy stood crying because he couldn’t reach upto the branch of the tree. The Giant learned why the Spring did not enter his garden. He went upto the boy to help him in climbing the tree. Then Spring came over all of his garden.
From then onwards he allowed children to play in his garden.
Moral: ‘One should not be selfish in enjoying the fruits of nature’.

The Selfish Giant Part-2 Summary in English

Days passed by. One morning, The Giant heard some lovely music. A delicious smell came from the window. He saw many boys who were playing in the garden. He observed a boy in a farther end of the garden. The small boy was standing there. He was unable to climb the tree to play on it. The Giant’s heart melted seeing the small boy’s helpless situation.

The Giant gently lifted him. He kept the boy on the branches of the tree. At once the tree was full of blossoms, and fruits. The boy stretched out his two arms and flung them around the giants’s neck and kissed him. When the other children saw that, they all came running and started playing. The whole garden turned into a beautiful spring.
Finally the Giant realized how selfish he was in not allowing the children into the garden. He started enjoying with the children. But he couldn’t see the small boy again.
He grew older and became feeble. Suddenly to his surprise, one day the small boy appeared in the garden. The Giant went closer to the boy. The boy had wounds on his body, The Giant got angry and enquired of the boy who had wounded him. The boy replied that those wounds on his body were “the wounds of love”. The Giant was surprised and asked the boy who he was. The boy simply smiled and invited the Giant to his own garden in paradise to play with him, as he was once invited by the Giant to play in The Giant’s garden.
(It means the child is none other than God!)

About the Autor :

Oscar Wilde (16 October 1854 – 30 November 1900) was an Irish writer and poet. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880 s, he became one of London’s most popular play wrights in the early 1890s. Today he is remembered for his epigrams and plays. Oscar Wilde is best known for the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray and the play The Importance of Being Earnest. The Happy Prince and Other Tales is a collection of children’s stories written by Oscar Wilde.

Glossary :

1. linnet bird (n) : a small brown and grey bird
2. hail (n) : small balls of ice that fall like rain
3. cease (v) : stop happening
Usage : The fire department officials ceased the fire within a few minutes.
4. twittering (v) : making a series of short high sounds
Usage : We enjoy the twittering of the birds in the countryside.
5. sneeze (v) : suddenly expel air from the nose and mouth due to irritation in one’s nostrils
6. feeble (adj) : lacking strength, weak
Usage: He looks feeble as he has only recovered recently.
7. hath (v) : has (old usage)
8. thee (pronoun) : you (old usage)
Usage: Pray to thee oh! my friend.
9. slay (v): kill
Usage: Rusthum slays Sohrab foolishly.
10. thou (pro) : you (poetic usage)
Usage: Thou art the real matter.

Additional Meanings :

11. roar : to make a loud noise
12. crept in : crawled inside
13. bitterly : in a bitter way
14. stretch out : to open arms
15. tiny : small
16. melt : to soften
17. knock down : to break
18. bid : say
19. companion : friend
20. admire : to praise
21. merely : just
22. farthest: last one
23. dared : took risk
24. wound : injury
25. stole up : came secretly
26. nay : no
27. art thou : are you
28. art : are

Telangana SCERT 8th Class English Guide Telangana State Unit 3A The Selfish Giant Part 1 Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 8th Class English Guide Unit 3A The Selfish Giant Part 1

PRE-READING :

Look at the picture given below and answer the questions that follow.

Question 1.
What do you notice in the picture?
Answer :
A young girl is offering food to a beggar.

Question 2.
What would be the feelings of the man in the picture?
Answer :
The man would feel very happy and contented.

Question 3.
Have you ever seen such incidents? What’s your opinion on them?
Answer :
Yes, many poor people are in need of food and shelter. The rich should help the poor. We should always look for an opportunity to help the needy.

Oral Discourse Narrate an incident you have witnessed where people helped others.
Answer :

BEING HUMAN

One day I was taking a leisurely walk. The atmosphere was silent and peaceful. All of a sudden, there was an explosion. The rear tyre of a bike got burst. The rider lost his control and dashed against the culvert. I was shocked to witness this accident. I rushed to the spot on the spot. The rider’s head was severely injured. The pillion rider’s leg was fractured. All the passers-by stopped. They were sad to see the terrible condition of the two young kids. A young man dialled 108. The ambulance reached the spot in no time. Everybody got the two kids into the ambulance. The two kids were rushed to hospital. A week later, I came to know that the two kids were recovering very well.

Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
What are the major characters in the play?
Answer :
The major characters in the play are Old Giant, children named Tall Girl, Short Boy, Square Girl, Graceful Girl, Round Boy, Snow and Frost, North Wind, Autumn and Hail.

Question 2.
Why do you think children have been named as ‘Tall Girl’, ‘Round Boy’, ‘Square Girl’ etc. ?
Answer :
The children have been named as Tall Girl, Round Boy, Square Girl mentioning their physical appearances. The story had been knitted around funny physical appearance of The Giant. The Giant had either amused or frightened the children. There was inner sense of consciousness representing his physical appearance.

Question 3.
How can you say that The Giant is selfish?
Answer :
I can say that the Giant is selfish because he did not allow anybody into the garden to play. Particularly he did not allow children to play in it. He built a wall around the garden not allowing anybody to enter. He said that the garden was only for him to play.

The Selfish Giant Part – 1 Summary in English

Once there lived an Old Giant. He owned a large, lovely, beautiful garden, with soft green grass. Children on their way, used to play in ‘the garden’. Once the Old Giant went to meet his friends. When he returned, he saw the children playing in his garden. He decided not to allow anybody into his garden to play.

He constructed a wall around the garden, and kept a notice board – “Trespassers would be prosecuted”.

Time passed over. The Spring came. It brought greenery in all the gardens in that locality except to the Old Giant’s garden. Meanwhile Snow and Frost came to the garden and settled on the branches. They started dancing on the branches and thought that they would never leave that garden. The Snow covered all the trees. The frost painted all the trees with silver. The Winter lingered in the garden without welcoming the Spring. The Old Giant could not understand why Spring did not enter his garden.

Glossary :

1. peach trees (n) : trees bearing round fruit with soft red and yellow skin
2. spring time (n) : the season between winter and summer when plants begin to grow
Usage : We celebrate flower festival in spring time.
3. delicate blossoms (n.phr) : tender flowers
Usage : The garden is full of tender flowers.
4. castle (n) : large, strong building with strong and thick walls
Usage : We shouldn’t build castles in the air.
5. trespassers (n) : persons who go into land without permission
Usage : Trespassers will be prosecuted.
6. whispering (v) : speaking quietly
7. scatter (v) : disperse, spread over
Usage : With the arrival of police men the mob was scattered.
8. cloak (n) : a type of coat that has no sleeves
9. wrapped (v): covered or dressed
Usage : Jhansi wrapped her painting in a gold paper to gift it to her brother, Master Monish.
10. rejoiced (v) : expressed great happiness
Usage : Sharmila rejoiced on her great success in the examination.
11. chimney-pot (n): a short, wide pipe placed on top of a chimney
12. delightful (adj) : very pleasant, charming
Usage : The setting of the sun is as delightful as the rising of the sun.

Additional Meanings :

13. ceased : stopped
14. crept : crawled
15. wandering : to move without any aim
16. selfish : wanting one’s own welfare
17. cornish ogre : a cruel giant of cornwall who eats people
18. sneeze : to expel air suddenly through nose and mouth
19. feeble : physically or mentally weak
20. dusty : full of dust
21. admire : greatly approve of
22. marvellous : a wonder
23. paradise : the abode of God
24. hail : frozen rain
25. slates : small pieces of slates used for covering roof
26. prosecuted : following up, the act of carrying on a law suit
27. determined : decided
28. blossom : to open into flower
29. blowing : to move with some force
30. fur : short, soft dense coat of hair
31. frost : frozen dew
32. north wind : chilly wind
33. autumn : season of the year
34. rattle : make a short, sharp sound

Telangana SCERT 8th Class English Guide Telangana State Unit 2C Reaching the Unreached Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 8th Class English Guide Unit 2C Reaching the Unreached

Questions and Answers:

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Complete the following table based on the above article.

Answer:

Question 2.
Who rescued the two children? Where did they take them to ?
Answer :
“The Child Line” and “Child Labour Enforcement Team” rescued the two children, Romesh and Shanti.
They took them to transit homes, where they are brought up by providing education and employment.

Question 3.
Many households in your neighbourhood employ children to do the menial jobs. What will you do to save those children?
Answer :
I will try to create awareness among the people who are encouraging child labour and exploiting the children for their benefits. I’ll gather information of various helplines and give them information regarding the pitiable situation of the children. I will see that all the children, are rescued with the help of the Child Line and Child Labour Enforcement Team.

Question 4.
What is the role of CRY ?
Answer :
CRY (Child Rights and You) is an organization that believes that children are citizens and they have their own rights. CRY’s role is that of a bridge between child development organizations and people working for marginalized children. They gather the support, money and time of people around the world and thousands of field workers across India who struggle to enrich the lives of children.

Question 5.
Three organisations are working to save the destitutes. What are they ?
Answer :
The three organizations are ‘Child Rights and You’ (CRY), “SOS Children’s Villages” and “The Child Line”. “Child Labour Enforcement Team” are also working to save the destitutes.

Question 6.
How does SOS work?
Answer :
SOS is the short form for Save Our Souls. SOS (Children’s Villages) advocates the concerns, rights and needs of children. Their work focuses on strengthening families, helping them to stay together during difficult times and to provide the best care possible to their children. SOS village experts work with families to help them develop a wide range of skills from household budget planning to bonding with a child or young person.

study skills :

Observe the notes made from the above passage.

Now, read the passage Child Rights and You (CRY) once again and make notes from it.

Child Rights and You (CRY) is an organization that believes that children are citizens and they have their own rights. At CRY, they do not believe in charity. Nor do they run schools or orphanages. Instead they partner some basic level organizations working for children, their parents and communities. CRY’s role is that of a bridge between child developmental organizations and people working for marginalized children. They gather the support, money and time of the Indians around the world and thousands of field workers across India who struggle to enrich the lives of children.

CRY has freed more than 1 lakh children from hunger, exploitation and illiteracy in more than 13000 villages and slums. The organization has successfully prevented child labour in 648 villages across the nation and liberated 1152 villages from child marriages. It also has 21,676 out of school children in its account who have now joined schools. These children are into their childhood with all due opportunities of life.

Notes made from the above passage

Title : CRY – A boon for marginalised children :

1. CRY
a) is an organization.
b) believes that children are citizens.
c) believes that children have their own rights.

2. Role of CRY.
a) It’s a bridge between child developmental organizations and people working for marginalized children.
b) They gather support, money and time of the Indians to enrich lives of child labourers.
c) Thousands of field workers are devoted to enrich the lives of children.

3. Achievements of CRY.
a) Freed more than 1 lakh children from hunger, exploitation and illiteracy in more than 13,000 villages and slums.
b) Prevented child labour in 648 villages across the nations. Liberated 1152 villages from child marriages.
c) 21,676 children joined in school with their efforts.

Listening Passage :

Listen to the song your teacher sings and answer the following questions:

HOMELESS CHILD

No mother no father
neither shoes nor a bed.
He lives in a street
on pavements of a road.
He is just ten
looks pale and thin.
He has so small a dinner
sometimes, he dines on the smell.
And even if he is starving to death
nobody comes to feed him.

As the sun rises and rays shoot him,
he is exposed to child labour.
Tears start rolling down his cheeks
there is nobody to comfort him.
And even if he is dead
There is nobody to worry about him.

Question 1.
What is the song about?
Answer :
The song is about a homeless child who has no father and mother, food and shelter. Nobody cares for and loves him.

Question 2.
Where does the child live?
Answer :
He lives in a street, on the pavements of a road.

Question 3.
How old is the child in the poem?
Answer :
The child in the poem is ten years old.

Project Work:

In your village/city you may come across children who are working in some households, factories, shops, hotels and construction work for daily wages. Collect the following information about one child. Make a brief profile of the child you have met and present it in the class.

Answer :

Profile :

Age : 12 years
Gender (M/F) : female
Nature of work he/she is engaged in : household
Wages : Rs.500/-
No. of working hours : 24 hours
Why did he/she take up the work? : to feed herself and family
Has he/she ever gone to school? : yes, but discontinued
At what level did he/she drop out? : 4 th class
Is he/she willing to join school? : Yes.

Work in groups and analyze the data by using the following questions and present it before your class.

Question 1.
Why do children take up jobs?
Answer :
Children take up jobs because they are poor. They don’t have proper food and shelter. Their parents can’t afford their studies. To earn their livelihood is a great challenge for them.

Question 2.
How poorly are they paid ?
Answer :
They are forced to work for hours together, but they are getting meagre wages. Their hard work is not justified with the wages they are getting.

Question 3.
How many are willing to leave the work and join school ?
Answer :
A few are willing to leave the work and join school. If they are given proper safety and security by the government or by the private voluntary organization many more children are willing to leave their work.

Reaching the Unreached Summary in English

Today many children fall to their fate due to domestic violence and poverty. Their parents are not able to provide minimum requirements for their primary needs. Many chidren leave their homes and go in search of work to earn their livelihood. Some selfish people exploit these children. Children are losing their bright future.
Luckily in these days certain voluntary organizations are coming forward to eradicate child labour. Certain organizations like “The Child Line” and “The Child Labour Enforcement” are taking initiative in tracing out the child labourers. They are providing food and shelter to the children.

Among the public, awareness should be created. Children are to be freed and joined in state based projects. They can start their life fresh and earn their living. In this connection the organization like “The Child Line” responds to a call from 1098. It takes immediate action to rescue the children. The SOS children’s villages are also in practice. They take care of the destitutes in their concerned villages and provide basic needs for them. In this reading section “Reaching the Unreached” children named Romesh and Shanti’s lives are discussed effectively. They were rescued with the help of helplines.

Glossary:

1. toil : work
2. marginalized : looked after separately
3. tailor-made : best suited
4. advocacy : argument in favour of cause

Section-A: Reading Comprehension :

Read the following passage from ‘Oliver Asks for More ?’.

The evening arrived; the boys took their places. The master, in his cook’s uniform,stationed himself at the copper; his assistants ranged themselves behind him; the gruel was served out. The gruel disappeared; the boys whispered to each other, and winked at Oliver, while his next neighbours nudged him. Child as he was, he was desperate with hunger, and reckless with misery. He rose from the table; and advancing to the master, basin and spoon in hand, said: some what alarmed at his own courage.
‘Please, sir, I want some more.’
The master was a fat, healthy man; but he turned very pate. He gazed in stupefied astonishment on the small rebel for some seconds, and then clung for support to the copper. The assistants were paralyzed with wonder; the boys with fear.
‘What!’ said the master at length, in a faint voice.
‘Please, sir,’ replied Oliver, ‘I want some more.’
The master aimed a blow at Oliver’s head with the ladle; and shrieked aloud for the beadle.

The board was sitting in solemn meeting, when Mr. Bumble rushed into the room in great excitement, and addressing the gentleman in the high chair, said, ‘Mr. Limbkins, I beg your pardon, sir! Oliver Twist has asked for more! There was a general start. Horror was depicted on every countenance.
‘For more!’ said Mr.Limbkins. ‘Compose yourself,Bumble, and answer medistinctly. Do I understand that he asked for more, after he had eaten the supper allotted by the board?’
‘He did, sir,’ replied Bumble.
‘That boy will be hung’, said the gentleman in the white waistcoat. ‘I know that boy will be hung.
‘Nobody contradicted the prophetic gentleman’s opinion. An excited discussion took place. Oliver was ordered into instant confinement; and a bill was next morning pasted on the outside of the gate, offering a reward of five pounds to anybody who would take Oliver Twist off the hands of the parish. In other words, five pounds and Oliver Twist were offered to any man or woman who wanted an apprentice to any trade, business, or calling.

(Q. 1-5) Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. 5 × 1 = 5 M

Question 1.
Who was the gruel served out to ?
A) The boys
B) The girls
C) Assistants
D) Cook
Answer :
A) The boys

Question 2.
‘Please, sir, I want some more.’ What does Oliver want more ?
A) Rice
B) Gruel
C) Copper
D) Ladle
Answer :
B) Gruel

Question 3.
The word ‘stupefied’ means ………….
A) Supported
B) Similar
C) Shocked
D) Sorry
Answer :
C) Shocked

Question 4.
What did the master beat Oliver with ?
A) The ladder
B) The cane
C) The beadle
D) The ladle
Answer :
D) The ladle

Question 5.
The owner of Oliver would use him as ………..
A) A trainer
B) A learner
C) A teacher
D) A master
Answer :
B) A learner

(Q.6 – 10) Answer the following questions in one or two sentences in your own words. 5 × 2 = 10 M

Question 6.
What main differences do you notice between the children and the master? (Observe the physical appearances, dress, behavior, etc.) What can you infer from these differences ?
Answer :
The master was a fat, healthy man. He wore expensive clothes. He behaved mercilessly and cruelly. The boys were thin and small. They wore plain clothes. They were afraid of their master. From this description, we can infer that though the boys were not fed properly, the master was well fed.

Question 7.
How do you look at Oliver’s request, “Please, sir, I want some more!” ? What compelled him to say this ?
Answer :
He was forced to go and request for more food as he was desperate with hunger and reckless with misery. It shows the sympathetic and helpless condition of the boy.

Question 8.
What happened to Oliver at the end of the story ?
Answer :
At the end of the story, Oliver was given severe punishment. Next morning, a bill was pasted on the outside of the gate which said that anybody who could take away Oliver from the workhouse and make him his apprentice would get a reward of five pounds.

Question 9.
What was the opinion of the prophetic gentleman ?
Answer :
The opinion of the prophetic gentle man was to hang Oliver Twist.

Question 10.
Do you find children like Oliver around you? How would you help them to live better?
Answer :
Yes, I find children like Oliver around me. I would help them by giving food and clothes. I would also admit them in an orphanage.

Read the following poem.

THE SANDS OF DEE

O Mary, go and call the cattle home,
And call the cattle home,
And call the cattle home,
Across the sands of Dee.
The western wind was wild and dark with foam,
And all alone went she.
The western tide crept up along the sand,
And o’er and o’er the sand,
And round and round the sand,
As far as eye could see.
The rolling mist came down and hid the land;
And never home came she.

“Oh! Is it weed, or fish, or floating hair
A tress of golden hair,
A drowned maiden’s hair.
Above the nets at sea?
Was never salmon yet that shone so fair
Among the stakes on Dee.”

They rowed her in across the rolling foam.
The cruel, crawling foam,
To her grave beside the sea.
But still the boatman hear her call the
cattle home Across the sands of Dee.
– Charles Kingsley

(Q. 11-12 ) Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. 2 × 1 = 2 M

Question 11.
Where was Mary to go to call the cattle home?
A) To the other side of the river Dee
B) To the other side of the home
C) To the other side of the river Krishna
D) To the village
Answer :
A) To the other side of the river Dee

Question 12.
The full form of ‘o’er’ is ………..
A) Never
B) Ever
C) Fever
D) Over
Answer :
D) Over

(Q. 13 – 16) Answer the following questions in one or two sentences in your own words. 4 × 2 = 8 M

Question 13.
Who asked Mary to call the cattle home?
Answer :
It was probably Mary’s father or mother or both of them who asked Mary to call the cattle home.

Question 14.
What do you know about the sands of Dee?
Answer :
Sands of Dee is the river basin of the river Dee.

Question 15.
How did Mary die?
Answer :
Mary drowned in the river Dee. The western tides took her into the river as she had lost sight of the tides due to the mist that came rolling by.

Question 16.
Why was Mary not able to see the danger that she was in ?
Answer :
Mary was not able to see the approaching danger of the western tides due to the mist that came rolling by.

Section – B : Vocabulary & Grammar :

(Q 17 – 21) Read the following passage focusing on the parts that are underlined and answer the questions given at the end. Write the answers in your booklet. 5 × 1 = 5 M

Ramalinga (17) wife had a lot of jewels. She wore them in the day. At night she put them away, in a box (18). She kept the box in her bedroom. Ramalinga had two servants. They were rogues (19). One day, they decided to steal the jewels. One servant said, “We’ll stole (20) the jewels in the night.” The other said, “Yes, in the night, they’ll (21) sleep.

Question 17.
The correct form of the underlined word is ………..
A) Ramalingas
B) Ramalingas
C) Ramalingases
D) Ramalinga’s
Answer :
D) Ramalinga’s

Question 18.
The plural form of the underlined word is ………..
A) boxs
B) boxes
C) boxing
D) boxed
Answer :
B) boxes

Question 19.
The synonym of the underlined word is ………..
A) Fools
B) Pupils
C) Guides
D) Bookworms
Answer :
A) Fools

Question 20.
Replace the underlined word with its correct form.
A) steal
B) steel
C) steals
D) stealing
Answer :
A) steal

Question 21.
The full form of the underlined word is.
A) they will
B) we will
C) I can
D) She will
Answer :
A) they will

(Q. 22 – 26) Complete the following passage choosing right words from those given below it. Each blank is numbered, and for each blank four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) are given. Choose the correct answer from these choices and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. 5 × 1 = 5 M

Charles Dickens, who wrote ……….. (22) unforgettable stories as Oliver Twist and David Cooperfield, was born to a poor ……….. (23). His father was always ……….. (24) debt, and ……….. (25) Charles was twelve, his father was ……….. (26) to prison for failing to pay his debts.

Question 22.
A) many
B) such
C) much
D) number of
Answer :
A) many

Question 23.
A) parents
B) mother
C) father
D) family
Answer :
D) family

Question 24.
A) on
B) in
C) for
D) with
Answer :
B) in

Question 25.
A) now
B) when
C) then
D) as
Answer :
B) when

Question 26.
A) put
B) kept
C) sending
D) sent
Answer :
D) sent

(Q. 27 – 31) Read the following passages. Five sentences are numbered. Each numbered sentence has an error. Find the error and write the correct sentences in your answer booklet. 5 × 1 = 5 M

(27) Romesh was fourteen year old. (28) He left his widow mother and three younger sisters back in Bihar. (29) He took up long travel of hundreds of miles to find a new future. (30) He reached Hyderabad, one of the main city in India. (31) On reach the city, he found that the streets were not paved with gold. Finding a job was not an easy task.
Answers :
27. fourteen years old
28. his widowed mother
29. a long travel of hundreds of miles
30. one of the main cities in India
31. On reaching the city

Section – C : Conventions of Writing :

(Question 32.)

Read the following passage carefully and supply the punctuation marks (. , ?” “) and capital letters, wherever necessary. Also correct the spelling of the underlined word. 5 M
one day the teacher said, Won’t you wash your face before you come to school tommorow morning please do that just for me
Answer :
One day the teacher said, “Won’t you wash your face before you come to school ? Tomorrow morning please do that, just for me.”

Section – D : Creative writing :

(Question – 33) :

A) Read the following story and convert it into a drama. 12 M
One day, Tess an eight-year-old child, heard that her younger brother was suffering from a serious illness. Andrew needed to be operated on for recovery. But their parents did not have money for the operation. So, they lost their hope and gave up their efforts. Tess heard her father telling her mother that only miracle could save him.

She thought that miracle was a kind of medicine. She took her jar of coins and went to a medical store. She asked the chemist to give her a ‘miracle’ by taking the money she had. The chemist replied that they did not sell ‘miracle’ there. A well-dressed customer at the shop, Dr. Carlton Armstrong, a famous neurosurgeon, heard the conversation. He asked the girl what kind of miracle her brother needed. She replied with tearful eyes her brother’s sickness, parents’ inability to pay for the operation and her savings which she brought. The doctor asked her to give him her savings_one dollar and eleven cents which was exactly the price of the ‘miracle’.

The doctor examined the patient and operated on him successfully without any charges. Andrew was soon well. Tess’s mother whispered that it was a miracle that saved Andrew and wondered how much it would have cost. Tess knew it was exactly one dollar and eleven cents.
Answer :

THE MIRACLE

CHARACTERS :

Father – a good person but a very poor man
Mother – very clever but hopeless
Tess – an eight-year-old girl – she was caring and hopeful
Andrew – a young boy – he had some serious disease
Dr. Carlton Armstrong – a neurosurgeon – a kind and helpful person
Chemist – a helpless person

Scene -1

(The parents are talking. Andrew is bedridden. Tess overhears her parents.)
Father : We have very little money. But our child is still seriously ill.
Mother : (weeping) Why did it happen to my sweet son? Whom did he harm? God is testing us.
Father : Control, Lana. Don’t cry. The boy will be more frightened. We must be bold in tough times.
Mother : God, save my child! Save my child!
Father : Only a miracle can save our only son.
(Tess overhears the conversation and collects her savings and rushes to a medical store.)

Scene – 2

(At a medical store. The shopkeeper is attending to a customer. Tess waits for her turn.)

Tess : (in a frantic voice) Give me a miracle urgently.
Chemist : A miracle! No, we don’t sell “miracle” here.
Tess : Take all this money – one dollar and eleven cents. If needed, I will get some more money. But please give me a “miracle”.
Chemist : Oh, kid, why don’t you listen? We don’t sell any miracles here.
(The other person listens to the conversation.)
Dr. Armstrong : What happened, girl? You look worried.
Tess : My brother is suffering from a serious disease. My parents are too poor to get him operated on.
Dr. Armstrong : Tell me what kind of miracle is needed.
Tess : Will you give me a miracle? Will you save my brother’s life?
Dr. Armstrong : Yes.
Tess : How much?
Dr. Armstrong : It is exactly one dollar and eleven cents.
(Tess takes the doctor home.)
Dr. Armstrong : (Examines the boy.) Join him in the hospital at once. I will operate on him. Don’t worry about the money. I will take care of it.

Scene -3

(At the hospital. Andrew is operated on. It is a success.)
Dr. Armstrong : (to Tess and her parents) The child is out of danger. He will recover soon.
Tess Parents : Thank you very much for saving my child’s life. We owe to you. What is the bill, doctor?
Dr. Armstrong : The miracle has saved your child. It was already paid by your little daughter.
Mother : What might be the price of the miracle?
Father : I don’t know either.
(Tess smiles and tells her parents that the price of the miracle is one dollar and eleven cents.)

(Or)

B) Prepare a speech on “Tree Plantation” taking help from the following points. Greetings – importance of trees- present status (disappearance of trees deforestation – problems….) need of plantation- reforestation – seedlings distribution – responsibilities of students
Answer :

TREE PLANTATION

Distinguished director, honourable headmaster, respected teachers and my dear brothers and sisters. Good morning everybody.

I feel honoured to stand before you and deliver a speech on ‘Tree Plantation’. Trees are the most useful things in the world. They give us fruit to eat and firewood to burn. We build houses and make furniture with the wood of trees. We need trees for our lives. If there were no trees, there would be no life on this planet. Living things (people and animals) breathe in oxygen. This gas is let out into the air by trees, the kindest things.

Trees do help us live in numerous ways. But we, human beings, are cutting down trees and causing deforestation. Man is cutting down trees because of his selfishness. If this continues, our survival on earth would become unimaginable.

It is the need of the hour to plant saplings. Reforestation is badly needed for the survival of mankind. To meet this need, Telangana Government has launched a project in the name of Harithaharam with the motto of planting one crore saplings. The state government is also distributing seedlings in every village of Telangana state. It is the utmost responsibility of the students to participate in such tree plantation programmes with enthusiasm and make them successful. Students should also shoulder the responsibility of creating awareness about the importance of trees among illiterate villagers and also corrupt forest officers. Save greenery and save future. Here, I wind up my speech.
Thank you very much for offering me such a rare opportunity.

(Question – 34) :

A) You are Raghavendra, the incharge teacher of the cultural committee of Kothakota Pupils’ School, Kothakota. You have been asked to notify the students of your school, about the Inter- school Cultural Fiesta. Write a notice in 50 words, including relevant details. 8 M
Answer :

(Or)

B) Design a poster on “Blood Donation”.
Answer :

Additional Exercises :

Section – A : Reading Comprehension

(Questions 1 – 10) : Read the following passage.

EXERCISE – 1

Read the following passage from “Oliver Asks for More”.

For the first six months after Oliver Twist was moved in, the system was in full operation. As a result, during this period, the number of workhouse inmates got smaller, and the inmates themselves shrank in size and became thinner.

The room in which the boys were fed, was a large stone hall, with a big copper bowl atone end, out of which the master, dressed in an apron for the purpose, and assisted by one or two women, ladled the gruel at mealtime. of this festive composition each boy had one basinful and no more-except on occasions of great public rejoicing, when he had two ounces and a quarter of bread besides.

The basins never wanted washing. The boys polished them with their spoons till they shone again. When they had performed this operation they would sit staring at the copper bowl, with such eager eyes, as if they could have devoured the big bowl itself and everything in it. At the same time they sucked their fingers most carefully to catch up any stray splashes of gruel that might have stuck there on. Boys have generally excellent appetite.

Oliver Twist and his companions suffered the tortures of slow starvation for three months; at last they got so voracious and wild with hunger, that one boy, who was tall for his age, and hadn’t been used to that sort of thing (for his father had kept a small cook-shop), hinted darkly to his companions, that unless he had another basin of gruel per day, he was afraid he might some night happen to eat the boy who slept next to him, who happened to be a weakly youth of tender age. He had a wild, hungry eye; and they believed him. A council was held; lots were cast as to who should walk up to the master after supper that evening, and ask for more; and it fell to Oliver Twist.

(Q. 1 – 5) Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. 5 × 1 = 5 M

Question 1.
The system was in full operation in ………..
A) Factory
B) Industry
C) Shop
D) Workhouse
Answer :
D) Workhouse

Question 2.
Who got thinner?
A) Board members
B) Inmates of the restaurant
C) Inmates of the workhouse
D) The authority
Answer :
C) Inmates of the workhouse

Question 3.
‘Fed’ means ………..
A) Gave food
B) Cooked food
C) Raw food
D) Stale food
Answer :
A) Gave food

Question 4.

………. suffered from hunger.
A) Some boys
B) Most boys
C) All the boys
D) None of the above
Answer :
C) All the boys

Question 5.
What do boys have generally ?
A) The desire to fight
B) The desire to drink
C) The desire to eat
D) Unwilling to eat
Answer :
C) The desire to eat

(Q.6 – 10) Answer the following questions in one or two sentences in your own words. 5 × 2 = 10 M

Question 6.
Describe the dining hall.
Answer :
The dining hall was a large stone hall.

Question 7.
Why did the basins never want washing?
Answer :
The basins never wanted washing because the boys polished them with their spoons till they shone again.

Question 8.
What did each boy have on occasions?
Answer :
Each boy had one basinful of gruel, two ounces and a quarter of bread on occasions.

Question 9.
What did the tall boy hint to his companions?
Answer :
The tall boy hinted to his companions, that unless he had another basin of gruel every day, he was afraid he might eat the boy who slept next to him.

Question 10.
Oliver asked for more. What was it?
Answer :
Oliver asked for more gruel.

EXERCISE – 2

Read the following passage from “Reaching the Unreached”.
Save our Soul (SoS)
SOS Children’s Villages is an independent, non-governmental, social development organisation that provides family-based care for children in India. It advocates the concerns, rights and needs of children. More than 6000 children and young people live in 33 SOS Children’s Villages and 27 SOS Youth Facilities in India.

At SOS Children’s Villages, the organisers believe that every child should grow up in a strong family environment, and so their work helps families to create a loving, caring home. Their work focuses on strengthening families, helping them to stay together during difficult times and provide the best care possible to their children. The needs of a family can be varied. SOS Children’s Village experts work with families to help them develop awide range of skills, from house-hold budget planning, how to get a job and earn a living,to bonding with a child or young person and learning to create a stable family life athome.

Sometimes, however, it is not possible for a child to stay in the family. In these cases, the organisation works to find tailor-made solutions that respond to each situation,keeping the best interest of each child or young person in mind. SOS Children’s Villages is the only organisation of global impact that provides direct care to children who can no longer stay with their families.

Finally, through advocacy, SOS Children’s Villages aim to improve the overall framework conditions for children whose parents cannot take care of them, or who are at the risk of losing the care of their families. Successful advocacy, based on their experience as a practitioner, brings about changes in policies and practices that weaken children’s rights lead to sustainable changes to improve the situation for children and families everywhere.

(1 – 5) Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. 5 × 1 = 5 M

Question 1.
‘SOS’ stands for ………..
A) Serve our Service
B) Save our Soul
C) Save our School
D) See our Safety
Answer :
B) Save our Soul

Question 2.
SOS is an organisation in ………..
A) The world
B) Sri Lanka
C) The West Indies
D) India
Answer :
D) India

Question 3.
‘Tailor-made’ means ………..
A) Made by the tailor
B) Made for a particular purpose
C) Made casually
D) Made for safety
Answer :
B) Made for a particular purpose

Question 4.
According to the above text, what can be different ?
A) Family members
B) Family needs
C) Family plans
D) Family relationships
Answer :
B) Family needs

Question 5.
The number of children and young people live in 33 SOS children’s villages is ………..
A) 6000
B) Below 6000
C) Above 6000
D) Exactly 6000
Answer :
C) Above 6000

(6-10) Answer the following questions in one or two sentences in your own words. 5 × 2 = 10 M

Question 6.
How does SOS work?
Answer :
SOS is an organization which believes that the family is the best place to provide care to a child. It is the only organization of global impact that provides direct care to children who can no longer stay with their families. It aims to improve the overall framework conditions for children whose parents cannot take care of them.

Question 7.
What is the belief of the SOS organisers ?
Answer :
SOS organizers believe that every child should grow up in a strong family environment, and so their work helps families to create a loving, caring home.

Question 8.
What does SOS advocate?
Answer :
SOS advocates the concerns, rights and needs of children.

Question 9.
What type of organisation is SOS children’s villages ?
Answer :
SOS children’s villages is an independent, non-governmental, social development organisation that provides family-based care for children in India.

Question 10.
What is the objective of SOS children’s villages?
Answer :
The objective of SOS Children’s villages is to improve the overall framework conditions for children whose parents cannot take care of them or who are at the risk of losing the care of their families.

EXERCISE – 3

Read the following poem.

“For oh,” say the children, “we are weary
And we cannot run or leap;
If we cared for any meadows, it were merely
To drop down in them and sleep.
Our knees tremble sorely in the stooping,
We fall upon our faces, trying to go;
And underneath our heavy eyelids drooping
The reddest flower would look as pale as snow.
For, all day, we drag our burden tiring
Through the coal – dark, underground;
Or, all day we drive the wheels or iron
In the factories, round and round.”
-Elizabeth Barrett Browning

(Q. 1 – 5) Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. 5 × 1 = 5 M

Question 1.
Who are tired ?
A) Children
B) Adults
C) Senior citizens
D) Parents
Answer :
A) Children

Question 2.
The ‘reddest flower’ would look as pale as snow means ………..
A) The flowers are ugly to look at
B) The children’s faces are red because of hard work
C) The tired children are not in the mood of enjoying the beautiful scenes
D) Reddest flowers are symbols of angry faces
Answer :
C) The tired children are not in the mood of enjoying the beautiful scenes

Question 3.
‘Meadows’ means ………..
A) Grasslands
B) Islands
C) Water bodies
D) Factories
Answer :
A) Grasslands

Question 4.
In the line ‘To drop down in ‘them’ and sleep’ what does ‘them’ refer to?
A) Factories
B) Coals
C) Burdens
D) Meadows
Answer :
D) Meadows

Question 5.
Child labour must be ………..
A) developed
B) encouraged
C) eradicated
D) improved
Answer :
C) eradicated

(6 – 10) Answer the following questions in one or two sentences in your own words. 5 × 2 = 10 M

Question 6.
What kind of places are the children working in ?
Answer :
The children are working as labourers in factories and in coal mines.

Question 7.
How does the work affect the children ?
Answer :
When children are engaged in work at their tender age as labourers, it affects their health and future. They are tired of doing excess work. They become weak. They are not able to reach their goals.

Question 8.
Do children enjoy themselves when engaged in work ?
Answer :
No, children do not enjoy themselves when engaged in work.

Question 9.
If the poem were written from the point of view of a factory owner, what kind of things would he say about children ?
Answer :
The factory owner would say that he is great because he is providing jobs to children. He would feel that there is nothing to be worried about child labour.

Question 10.
What is the poet’s attitude towards child labour? Pick out the words / expressions that reveal her attitude.
Answer :
The poet is against child labour. ‘We are weary and we can not run or leap, our knees tremble, the reddest flower would look as pale as snow’ reveal the poet’s attitude.

(Questions 11 – 16)

EXERCISE – 1

Read the following passage.

Every man should have an aim in his life. The aim should be a very high one. It should be decided upon even when one is young. Even though one comes across a number of fearful impediments in life, one should face them with self confidence and fight for the achievements of his aim.

Once Gandhiji said, “Even animals do the act of eating, wandering and sleeping like man. There will be difference between man and animal, only when man achieves a high aim.”

Even when one decides upon an aim in one’s mind, one should, first of all, prepare a plan for achieving it and then follow the plan in the right way and reach the aim. By reaching the aim, we will have self satisfaction and our birth as men will be fruitful.

(11- 12) Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. 2 × 1 = 2 M

Question 11.
When should man form an aim in his life?
A) During boyhood
B) When the thought of an aim comes to his mind
C) After growing up
D) After passing suffering
Answer :
A) During boyhood

Question 12.
How many times have aim-related words occurred in the passage?
A) 6 times
B) 7 times
C) 8 times
D) 9 times
Answer :
A) 6 times

(13 – 16) Answer the following questions in one or two sentences in your own words. 4 × 2 = 8 M

Question 13.
Why should man have an aim in his life ?
Answer :
Man should have an aim in his life because on achieving the aim, self satisfaction is generated and his birth as man becomes fruitful.

Question 14.
What should we do to reach our aim?
Answer :
We should have a pre-prepared plan and proceed in the right way to reach our aim.

Question 15.
Why did Gandhiji say that there should be difference between man and animal ?
Answer :
Gandhiji said that there should be difference between man and animal as we are men, we should achieve our aims.

Question 16.
What should every man have in his life ?
Answer :
Every man should have an aim in his life.

EXERCISE – 2

Read the following poem.

summary :

I lay in sorrow, in deep distress;
My grief a proud man heard;
His looks were cold, he gave me gold,
But not a kindly word.
My sorrow passed – I paid him back
The gold he gave to me;
Then stood erect and spoke my thanks
And blessed his charity.

I lay in wait, and grief and pain;
A poor man passed my way,
He bound my head, he gave me bread,
He watched me night and day.
How shall I pay him back again
For all he did to me?
Oh, gold is great, but greater far
Is heavenly sympathy.

(Q. 11 – 12) Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. 2 × 1 = 2 M

Question 11.
What was it the proud man did not give the poet?
A) Money
B) Gold
C) Food
D) Sympathy
Answer :
D) Sympathy

Question 12.
Which of the following statements is not true?
A) The poet repaid his debt to the proud man by thanking him.
B) The poor man blessed the charity of the poet.
C) When the poet was in sorrow, he was given money.
D) The poet says he cannot repay the poor man for his sympathy.
Answer :
B) The poor man blessed the charity of the poet.

(Q. 13 – 16) Answer the following questions in one or two sentences in your own words. 4 × 2 = 8 M

Question 13.
How did the poor man take care of the poet?
Answer :
The poor man gave food to the poet and took care of him day and night.

Question 14.
Which word in the poem means “giving money to a person who is in need” ?
Answer :
The word charity means giving money to a person who is in need.

Question 15.
How did the proud man help the poet when he was ‘in deep distress’ ?
Answer :
When the poet was in deep distress, the proud man helped him by giving some money.

Question 16.
Pick out any two pairs of rhyming words from the poem.
Answer :
The pair of rhyming words from the poem are : 1 . heard – word 2 . way – day

EXERCISE – 3

Results of summative assessment St. John’s High School, Kazipet.

(Q. 11 – 12) Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. 2 × 1 = 2 M

Question 11.
The graph shows the results of a ………..
A) College
B) University
C) Coaching centre
D) School
Answer :
D) School

Question 12.
Who got the better results in 5th standard ?
A) Boys and girls
B) Boys
C) Girls
D) Girls and boys
Answer :
B) Boys

(13 – 16) Answer the following questions in one or two sentences in your own words. 4 × 2 = 8 M

Question 13.
What data does the above graph display?
Answer :
The above graph displays the results of summative assessment in St. John’s High School.

Question 14.
What is the result of the summative assessment in 10th class ?
Answer :
In 10th class 70 per cent of boys passed and 60 per cent of girls passed.

Question 15.
Who performed better in 8th standard – boys or girls ?
Answer :
Boys performed better in 8th standard.

Question 16.
In which standard did the girls secure the highest percentage ?
Answer :
The boys secured the highest percentage in 6th class.

Section – B : Vocabulary and Grammar :

(Questions 17 – 21)

Read the following passage focusing on the parts that are underlined and answer the questions given at the end. Write the answers in your answer booklet. 5 × 1 = 5 M

EXERCISE – 1

Once there was a lion (17) without a roar. The lion had always been this way. He had never (18) been able to roar. But no one on the plains knew this. But from (19) an early age he realised that he could not roar, he had learnt to talk softly with everyone, and to listen to them patiently (20). He learned to convinced (21) others of his point of view without having to raise the volume levels.

Question 17.
The feminine gender of the underlined word is ………..
A) cub
B) lions
C) lioness
D) jungle king
Answer :
C) lioness

Question 18.
The antonym of the underlined word is ………..
A) frequently
B) rarely
C) always
D) temporarily
Answer :
C) always

Question 19.
Replace the underlined word with a suitable word.
A) Since
B) If
C) When
D) Unless
Answer :
A) Since

Question 20.
The suffix of the underlined word is ………..
A) ently
B) im
C) patient
D) ly
Answer :
D) ly

Question 21.
Replace the underlined word with its correct form.
A) convince
B) convincing
C) convinces
D) has convinced
Answer :
A) convince

EXERCISE – 2

Once in a small village near the mountains lived an old (17) farmer and his wife. They had no children (18). They were very old. One morning the old farmer woke up early. He took his axe and going (19) to the mountains. He wanted to cut (20) some firewood. He climbed the mountain very slowly. The sun was up. It (21) was hot.

Question 17.
The synonym of the underlined word is ………
A) new
B) elderly
C) young
D) sharp
Answer :
B) elderly

Question 18.
The singular form of the underlined word is ……
A) childrens
B) childs
C) child
D) childes
Answer :
C) child

Question 19.
Replace the underlined word with its correct form.
A) go
B) goes
C) went
D) gone
Answer :
C) went

Question 20.
The past participle of the underlined word is ………..
A) cuts
B) cutting
C) cutted
D) cut
Answer :
D) cut

Question 21.
What part of speech is the underlined word?
A) noun
B) preposition
C) pronoun
D) adjective
Answer :
C) pronoun

EXERCISE – 3

One evening Ali is (17) cycling home after a cricket match. It was getting dark and their (18) was no moonlight. He was in an (19) hurry to get home. He took the shortest (20) way home and happened to pass to (21) his uncle’s watch factory.

Question 17.
Replace the underlined with a suitable be form.
A) has
B) been
C) being
D) was
Answer :
D) was

Question 18.
The correct word of the underlined word is …………
A) here
B) there
C) where
D) never
Answer :
B) there

Question 19.
Replace the underlined with a suitable article.
A) a
B) the
C) zero article
D) no article
Answer :
A) a

Question 20.
The degree of the underlined word is ………..
A) positive degree
B) negative degree
C) comparative degree
D) superlative degree
Answer :
D) superlative degree

Question 21.
The suitable preposition of the underlined word is ………..
A) at
B) by
C) from
D) with
Answer :
B) by

(Questions 22 – 26)

Complete the following passages choosing the right words from those given below it. Each blank is numbered, and for each blank four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) are given. Choose the correct answer from these choices and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. 5 × 1 = 5 M

EXERCISE – 1

Mr. Jones, the manager of a large company, was worried. His money was missing. When he attended ………. (22) meeting this morning, he had ………. (23) an envelope with five hundred dollars on his table. When he returned to his office ………. (24), the envelope was gone. As Mr. Jones always locks his office when he leaves, no one could have ………. (25) it. No one ………. (26) for the cleaning lady, Mary, who also had the key to his office must have entered it. Mary cleaned his office every morning.

Question 22.
A) a
B) an
C) the
D) no article
Answer :
A) a

23. A) leaved
B) left
C) lefted
D) leaving
Answer :
B) left

Question 24.
A) latter
B) next
C) later
D) earlier
Answer :
C) later

Question 25.
A) enter
B) enters
C) entered
D) entering
Answer :
C) entered

Question 26.
A) except
B) only
C) expect
D) remaining
Answer :
A) except

EXERCISE – 2

The giraffe is the tallest animal in the world. Like ……….. (22) mammals, it has only seven bones in its neck; its height is accounted ……….. (23) by the extraordinary ……….. (24) of the bones. Because of its long neck, the giraffe ……….. (25) very clumsy when it spreads out its four ……….. (26) and bends down to drink.

Question 22.
A) most
B) many
C) all
D) other
Answer :
D) other

Question 23.
A) from
B) to
C) for
D) with
Answer :
C) for

Question 24.
A) height
B) length
C) width
D) breadth
Answer :
B) length

Question
25. A) looks
B) look
C) looking
D) looked
Answer :
A) looks

Question 26.
A)hands
B) arms
C) legs
D) feet
Answer :
C) legs

EXERCISE – 3

It was April Fool’s Day. Victor, ……….. (22) a mischievous boy, decided to play a trick ……….. (23) his teacher, Miss Williams. He scooped his pet mouse, Snoopy ……….. (24) his pocket and took it to school. In the middle of the science lesson, Victor ……….. (25) Snoopy loose. The little creature at once scampered ……….. (26) the front of the class.

Question 22.
A) be
B) been
C) being
D) because
Answer :
C) being

Question 23.
A) on
B) at
C) against
D) with
Answer :
A) on

Question 24.
A) in
B) into
C) with
D) at
Answer :
B) into

Question 25.
A) let
B) letting
C) lets
D) has let
Answer :
A) let

Question 26.
A) to
B) at
C) from
D) along
Answer :
A) to

(Questions 27-31)

(Q. 27 – 31) Read the following passages. Five sentences are numbered. Each numbered sentence has an error. Find the error and write the correct sentences in your answer booklet. 5 × 1 = 5 M

EXERCISE – 1

(27) Child Rights and You (CRY) are an organization that believes that children are citizens and they have their own rights. (28) At CRY, they do not believe charity. (29) Nor does they run schools or orphanages. (30) Instead, they partner some basic level organizations working for children, their parents and communities. (31) CRY’s role is that of a bridge among child development organizations and people working for marginalized children.
Answer :
27. Child Rights and You (CRY) is an organization
28. they do not believe in charity
29. Nor do they run schools
30. their parents and communities
31. bridge between child development organizations and people working for marginalized children

EXERCISE – 2

(27) The members of this board was very wise and philosophical men. (28) As they turned their attention to the working house, they discovered that it was the regular place of public entertainment for the poorer classes. (29) It was the place where they had a breakfast, dinner, tea, and supper all the year round and free; where it was all play and no work. This was really a shocking state of affairs. (30) They were of the opinion that the poor should be given only two alternatives – either to starve quick outside the workhouse, or gradually inside the house. (31) With this view, they decided that the inmates of the workhouse would be issued three meals of thin gruel a day, with a onion twice a week.
Answer :
27. The members of this board were very wise
28. As they turned their attention to the workhouse
29. It was the place where they had breakfast
30. to starve quickly
31. with an onion twice a week

EXERCISE – 3

(27) Luck, he got a helping hand from “The Childline” when some rescuer called 1098 helpline. (28) Romesh is now one of the beneficiaries of Andhra Pradesh based project for the elimination of Children Labour.
(29) Many such children fall to similar fate due to domestic violence and abject poorness. One such example was Shanti, a nine year old kid. (30) She was taken out from the school by her parents and sent to Hyderabad to work in a middle-class home.
(31) She suffered all day long spending her energy in cooking, mopping, cleaning and washing clothes.
Answer :
27. Luckily, he got a helping hand
28. for the elimination of Child Labour
29. due to domestic violence and abject poverty
30. She was taken out of the school
31. spending her energy on cooking

EXERCISE – 4

(27) ‘What!’ said the master at lengthy, in a faint voice.
(28) ‘Please, sir’, replied Oliver, ‘I wants some more.’
(29) The master aimed an blow at Oliver’s head with the ladle, and shrieked aloud for the beadle.
(30) The board was sitting in solemn meeting, when Mr. Bumble rushed into the room in great excitement, and addressing the gentleman on the high chair, said, ‘Mr. Limbkins, I beg your pardon, sir! (31) Oliver Twist have asked for more!’
Answer :
27. said the master at length
28. I want some more
29. The master aimed a blow
30. addressing the gentleman in the high chair
31. Oliver Twist has asked for more

EXERCISE – 5

“And underneath our heavy eyelids drooping
(27) The reddest flower would look so pale as snow.
(28) For all day, we drag their burden tiring
(29) Through the coals – dark, underground;
(30) 0 r, all the day we drive the wheels or iron
(31) In the factories, round or round.”
Answer :
27. as pale as snow
28. we drag our burden tiring
29. Through the coal
30. all day we drive
31. round and round

Scetion – C : Conventions of Writing :

(Question 32)

(Q. 32) Read the following passage carefully and supply the punctuation marks (. , I ?” “) and capital letters, wherever necessary. Also correct the spelling of the underlined word. 5 M

EXERCISE – 1

Come back, come back, O Magnificent Wind Bird, cried the seventh mandarin. Come back with the king’s soul and i will tip your tail with gold and melt silvar onto your wings.
Answer :
‘Come back, come back, O Magnificent Wind Bird,” cried the seventh mandarin. “Come back with the king’s soul and I will tip your tail with gold and melt silver onto your wings.”

EXERCISE – 2

When sohrab heard the mighty voice of Rustum he thought that it was perhaps his father’s. He aproached Rustum and asked eagerly, Are you not Rustum Speak, are you not he?
Answer :
When Sohrab heard the mighty voice of Rustum, he thought that it was perhaps his father’s. He approached Rustum and asked eagerly, “Are you not Rustum? Speak, are you not he?”

EXERCISE – 3

One evening, as it was getting dark, the three strangers entered togethar when they passed, the husband said, Well do you know who he is ?
Answer :
One evening, as it was getting dark, the three strangers entered together. When they passed, the husband said, “Well, do you know who he is?”

Section – D : Creative Writing (Discourses) :

(Question – 33)

A) Read the following outline and develop a story out of your imagination.
A king Midas – rich and greedy – prays God – “Everything I touch should turn into gold” – God gives boon Midas very happy – touches tables, chairs, cots, cups, plates – all turn into gold. Flowers also turn into gold – touches his only daughter – turns into gold – unhappy – repents – prays again – to take away the boon – God agrees – learns a lesson.

Make use of the following hints in your answer.

• Suggest a suitable title
• Use past tense
• Write the moral of the story

Answer :

KING MIDAS – AND HIS GREED
Once there lived a king. His name was Midas. He was very rich but greedy. Once he prayed to God. God appeared before him and asked him what he wanted. Midas asked the boon that whatever he touched would turn into gold. God gave the boon and disappeared.

Midas was very happy. He wanted to test the boon. He touched tables, chairs, cot and plates. Everything turned into gold. He turned natural flowers into unnatural gold flowers.
Unfortunately he touched his only daughter. She too turned into a golden statue. He was shocked and became unhappy. The boon became a curse to him. He repented.

He prayed God to take away the boon. God agreed. The daughter came to Midas. Midas learnt a lesson.
Moral : Greed leads to grief.

(OR)

B) Write a letter to your friend telling him about your new school you joined recently. Make use of the following points.

Name of the school – infrastructural facilities – surroundings – experienced teachers – incentives – scholarships, free text books – playground – games and sports – science experiment – moral education – yoga, meditation – computer education.
Answer :

Letter to Friend

D. No. 3-1,
Shankar Gunj,
Wanaparthy.
28th March, 20XX.

My dear Sudha,
I hope all is well with you. I think of you a lot all the time. I hope this letter finds you in the most cheerful mood.

Here, I am interested in writing about my new school. It is Geethanjali High School with the tagline ‘Rise and Shine’. The school infrastructural facilities are modern with spacious rooms. The school surroundings are absolutely beautiful with lush green fields and hills. The main reason for joining this school is, it has experienced teachers who have the willingness and enthusiasm to impart their knowledge to students. Besides academics, we also enjoy games and sports in the playground. The science lab is available with all the requirements for doing experiments. In this new school, the one that has stolen my heart is moral education sessions. All the students do yoga and meditation on a regular basis for body fitness and relaxation. This school offers even computer education. We are getting scholarships and free text books in this new school. It is a big bonus for a poor student like me. Do write to me about your school.
Convey my regards to your parents and best wishes to your brother and sister.
Take care and bye!

Yours ever,
××××

Address on the Envelope
To
Sudha,
D/o Gopal,
D. No. 4 – 15,
Vanasthalipuram,
Hyderabad.

(Question – 34)

A) Your school is going to organise a cultural expo on the eve of children’s day. Now, prepare an invitation for the programme. (Observe all the features of an invitation)
Answer :

(OR)

B) You are the secretary of the welfare organization of your school. Under your leadership, the organization was able to collect a substantial amount for the old age home, ‘HELP ME’. Express your sense of pride and happiness in the form of a diary entry.
Answer :
Dt: XX.XX.XXXX
9:00 p.m.
Dear Diary,
I am proud to be a part of the Welfare Organisation of my school as I always wanted to help the old. Through various activities, we collected a sum of nearly one lakh rupees. This fund will take care of their health, welfare and other required things. We will be able to bring smiles in their lives. I feel contented and happy like never before.

Yours,
××××

Telangana SCERT 8th Class English Guide Telangana State Unit 2B The Cry of Children (Poem) Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 8th Class English Guide Unit 2B The Cry of Children (Poem)

“For oh,” say the children, “we are weary
And we cannot run or leap;
If we cared for any meadows, it were merely
To drop down in them and sleep.
Our knees tremble sorely in the stooping,
We fall upon our faces, trying to go;
And underneath our heavy eyelids drooping
The reddest flower would look as pale as snow.
For, all day, we drag our burden tiring
Through the coal – dark, underground;
Or, all day we drive the wheels or iron
In the factories, round and round.”

– Elizabeth Barrett Browning

Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
What kind of places are the children working in ?
A.
Children are working in various kinds of places such as coal mines, factories etc.

Question 2.
‘The reddest flower would look as pale as snow.’ What does the phrase ‘reddest flower’ refer to ? Why does it become pale?
Answer :
The reddest flower refers to a bright and beautiful flower. It states that the children cannot enjoy even the most beautiful things. Even the beautiful things appear dull due to their over tiredness.

Question 3.
How does the work affect the children ?
Answer :
They become weary. They can’t even run or leap. They are supposed to play like other children but start (falling) dropping down to the ground and sleep. Their knees tremble sorely in the stooping. Due to fatigue, even beautiful things appear to them dull like snow.

Question 4.
Do children enjoy themselves when engaged in work ?
Answer :
Children don’t enjoy their lives when engaged in work, because that is the age they like to attend school to get educated and to play happily in the playgrounds to their heart’s content. When engaged in work, they feel like caged birds which lose freedom.

Question 5.
If the poem were written from the point of view of a factory owner, what kind of things would he say about children?
Answer :
If the poem were written from the point of view of a factory owner, he would say that it is the fate of the children to work in the factories for their livelihood. He may say he is providing employment to children who are almost starving to death. He may say that he feels sorry for their condition but in vain.

Question 6.
What is the poet’s attitude towards child labour? Pick out the words/expressions that reveal her attitude.
Answer :
The poet feels pity on the condition of the children looking at their fate. Poet very much bothers about children’s hard work in the coal-mines, factories at the cost of their childhood. She feels that they lose their sweet moments of childhood. It has become inevitable for them to work so hard for their livelihood. The words and expressions like weary, knees tremble sorely in the stooping, heavy eyelids, as pale as snow, burden tiring… all these reveal her attitude.

The Cry of Children (Poem) Summary in English

This poem depicts the grievances of child labour. The children are striving hard, because of their poverty. They are losing their valuable childhood days. This is effectively depicted in this poem.

The children say that they are weary. They can not run or leap as they are tired very much working in the dark underground mines.

There are meadows for playing but they prefer to sleep on them. They say that their knees are trembling sorely in the stooping. Even they fall upon their faces trying to go underneath their heavy eyelids are always drooping. Due to over tiredness, they could not enjoy even beautiful things. Beautiful things like a reddest flower appears to them dull and pale.

About the Poet:

Elizabeth Barret Browning (1806-1861) was a great poet of English language. She published a Collection of Poems, Sonnets from the Portuguese, Aurora Leigh, The Seraphim and other poems. She married Robert Browning, a famous English poet and moved to Italy. Most of her poems deal with human emotions.

Glossary:

1. weary (adj) : tired and lost all the strength
2. meadows (n) : land that is covered with grass
3. merely (adv) : only
4. sorely (adv): in a painful manner
5. drooping (adj) : hanging downward
6. pale (adj) : not bright/ light in colour
7. drag (adv) : pull
8. stooping : bending

Telangana SCERT 8th Class English Guide Telangana State Unit 2A Oliver Asks for More Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 8th Class English Guide Unit 2A Oliver Asks for More

PRE-READING (Motivotion/Picture Interaction):

Read the saying given below and answer the questions that follow.

Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
What does the sentence ‘Home is the happiest place in the world’ mean ?
Answer:
The meaning of the sentence is that there is no other place which is as happy as our home. One can live happily, comfortably, feeling secure and safe in one’s home.

Question 2.
Do you agree / disagree with the view expressed in the saying ? Why ?
Answer:
I agree with the view expressed in it, because our home is the only place where we have security and safety to live in. It’s also the place where we can share our love and affection with all the members of our families. We can be helpful to one another and enjoy our life.

Oral Discourse Talk on : – “The feelings of a homeless child.”
Answer:
Home is the happiest place in the world. But some children may not have their homes. Then what about such children? Where can they live? Of course in the streets. How do they feel? Can we express their sorrow in words? A homeless child is probably the most unfortunate child in the world. Every day is a big problem for him. He has no shelter in the rain, in the cold, in the hot sun. He sleeps on the footpath at nights. He is hopeless. He feels like a fish out of water all the time because of homelessness. I feel that a child without home is like a rose without sweet smell.

Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
How did Oliver feel when he was asked to appear before the live board ?
Answer:
Oliver did not know the clear notion of what a live board was. Oliver felt rather astonished when he was told to appear before the live board. He was not quite certain whether he ought to laugh or cry. Almost he was in a confused state as he was not able to understand why he had to appear before the live board. It was the first time he had appeared before the board.

Question 2.
Why did Oliver tremble and cry in the white-washed room?
Answer:
Oliver was frightened in the white-washed room at the sight of so many gentlemen. So he trembled. Moreover, he was unable to follow the instruction given by Bumble to bow to the board members. Beadle gave him a tap on his back with his cane, and Oliver cried. He was unable to answer the questions posed by the board members and wept bitterly looking at them.

Question 3.
“What is that, sir?” inquired poor Oliver. What does ‘that’ refer to?
Answer:
The gentleman in the high chair asked Oliver whether he was an orphan or not. Oliver inquired what that was. Oliver was so innocent that he did not know the meaning of the word orphan. An orphan is one who has no father or mother to look after him/her.

Question 4.
What kind of people were the members of the board? Justify your opinion.
Answer:
Though they seem to be wise and philosphical, the members of the board were not ready to help the poor classes who were in the workhouse. They thought that it was a mere waste to spend money on them. They made the children starve in the workhouse. This shows their unfriendly nature and narrow mindedness towards the poor children.

Question 5.
What main differences do you notice between the children and the master? (Observe the physical appearances, dress, behaviour, etc.) What can you infer from these differences?
Answer:
The main differences I noticed between the children and the master are: The children were getting weaker and weaker day by day as they were not supplied enough food to fill their bellies. They starved and became thinner but the master was a fat, healthy man. He was neatly dressed in an apron for the purpose of supplying food to the children.

Question 6.
How do you look at Oliver’s request, “Please, sir, I want some more!” ? What compelled him to say this ?
Answer:
Oliver and his companions suffered the tortures of slow starvation with insufficient food for 3 months. One of the inmates of the work house told that he would eat a thin boy out of hunger. So, to put a full stop to this starvation in the workhouse, Oliver was forced to demand for more food from their master. Having known the fact that nobody could dare to raise his voice before their master in the workhouse, Oliver dared and faced the situation.

Question 7.
What happened to Oliver at the end of the story ?
Answer:
At the end of the story Oliver was ordered into instant confinement. The next morning a bill was pasted on the outside of the gate. The bill offered a reward of five pounds to anybody who would take Oliver Twist off the hands of the parish. Five pounds and Oliver Twist were offered to any man or woman who wanted an apprentice to any trade, business, or calling.

Question 8.
Do you find children like Oliver around you ? How would you help them to live better ?
Answer:
Yes, I find children like Oliver in my surroundings. When I find them, I enquire their details. I collect a few provisions for their basic needs and also collect money from my friends, neighbours and well wishers. We admit them into one of the orphanages in our locality wishing them happy and comfortable life. We inform the Child Labour Enforcement to look after the orphAnswer:

Vocabulary :

I. Look at the underlined part in the following sentence.
“You have come here to be educated…” said the red-faced gentleman.
The word ‘red-faced’ is called a Compound Adjective.
The phrase ‘red-faced gentleman’ is a short form of ‘a gentleman with a red face’.

1. Pick out the phrases with COMPOUND ADJECTIVES from the story or elsewhere and write how they can be rewritten to express the same meaning.

a) a large white-washed room.
Answer :
a room which is large in size and is white washed.

b) a part-time employee
Answer :
an employee who is working part-time.

c) a high-speed chase
Answer :
the chase which is high-in speed.

d) A green coloured-mansion.
Answer :
a palace or mansion which is coloured green or which is green in colour.

e) a well-developed nation.
Answer :
a nation that is developed well.

2. Change the underlined parts in the following paragraph into COMPOUND ADJECTIVES. Rewrite the paragraph in your note book.

Sachin Tendulkar is a cricketer who is famous all over the world. He is a batsman playing with right hand. He has many world records to his credit which are mind blowing. Besides all these, he is a person with a kind heart. He works with an NGO (Non-Governmental Organization) based in Mumbai to help more than 200 orphans every year.
Answer:
Sachin Tendulkar is a world-famous cricketer. He is a right handed – batsman. He has many mind-blowing records to his credit. Besides all these he is a kindhearted person. He works with a Mumbai-based Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) to help more than 200 orphans every year.

3. Fill in the blanks with appropriate COMPOUNDADJECTIVES from the box given below.
deep-rooted, old-fashioned, well-mannered, softspoken, brand-new
Latha is a ……….. girl. She speaks kindly with her classmates. Look at her, she is wearing an …………….. dress. She does not like to wear dresses. Don’t you think Latha is a …… girl ?
Answer:
Latha is a soft spoken girl. She speaks kindly with her classmates. Look at her, she is wearing an old-fashioned dress. She does not like to wear brand-new dresses. Don’t you think Latha is a well-mannered girl ?

Graminar :

I. Look at the following sentence taken from the story.

‘The boy is a fool,’ said the gentleman in the white waistcoat. As you know, the above underlined expression, can be changed in to a question. How do we change the above statement into a question? By putting the auxiliary verb before the subject ‘the boy’.

More examples:

a) Monish is a bright boy.
Answer :
Is Monish a bright boy ?

b) Jhansi is a good painter.
Answer :
Is Jhansi a good painter ?

c) Sharmila is a brilliant girl.
Answer:
Is Sharmila a brilliant girl ?

Look at some more sentences:

1. ‘I understand that he asked for more’.
Do I understand that he asked for more?
2. ‘Oliver asks for more’.
Does Oliver ask for more?
3. ‘The boys took their places’.
Did the boys take their places?

Understand = Do understand
Understood = Did understand
Understands = Does understand

These sentences are changed into a question by placing ‘do/does/did at the beginning. Such questions are called Yes / No questions.

More examples:
1. Ratna Kumari loves her son very much.
Does Ratna Kumari love her son very much ?
2. Mr. C.S.N. wrote good poetry.
Did Mr. C.S.N. write good poetry ?

Change the following statements into Yes/No questions:

Question 1.
Oliver was frightened at the sight of so many gentlemen.
Answer :
Was Oliver frightened at the sight of so many gentlemen?

Question 2.
You are an orphan.
Answer :
Are you an orphan?

Question 3.
You say your prayers every night.
Answer :
Do you say your prayers every night?

Question 4.
You will pick oakum tomorrow morning.
Answer :
Will you pick oakum tomorrow morning ?

Question 5.
Mr. Bumble rushed into the room.
Answer :
Did Mr. Bumble rush into the room?

Question 6.
They can devour the big bowl.
Answer :
Can they devour the big bowl ?

Question 7.
Boys have generally excellent appetites.
Answer :
Do boys generally have excellent appetites ?

II. Read the following sentence taken from the story.

“You were brought up by the parish, weren’t you?”
In this sentence ‘weren’t you?’ at the end is called a question tag. Question tags are used to get information or confirmation. The question tags are positive if the statements are negative. And if the statements are positive, questions tags are negative. These tags are short / contracted form of questions. If the statement has an auxiliary, the tag begins with an auxiliary. In case it does not have an auxiliary, it begins with do / does / did.
Examples:
1. Monish speaks good English, doesn’the?
2. Jhansi designed a greeting card, didn’t she ?
3. Sharmila is singing a song, isn’t she ?
4. They are playing chess, aren’t they?
5. I am teaching a lesson, aren’ It is ?
(for auxiliary verb ‘am’, aren’t is considered because there is no sound ‘mn’ to be pronounced in English)
Read the following dialogue to understand the usage of question tags:
Ramu : The weather is good today, isn’t it?
Vijay : Indeed, Ramu.
Ramu : How about going out now? Hope you’ll join me, won’t you?
Vijay : I’ve got some important work now, I am afraid.
Read the following dialogue that took place at a party. Add suitable question tags to complete it :
Rohit : Hi, I’ve met you before, ……..
A. haven’tI?
Suma : No, I don’t think so.
Rohit : But your name is Vani, …….
A. isn’t it?
Suma : No, it’s Suma! Anyway, glad to meet you.
Rohit : Me too. This is Rohit. The party seems to be really lively, ……
A. doesn’t it?
Suma : Yes, definitely. We enjoy ourselves a lot on such occasions ……
A. don’twe?
Rohit : Yeah, we do.

III. Editing :

Read the following passage. Every numbered sentence has an error. Identify and edit it.
(1) When Rohit was nine, his family lived for a small town. (2) His father Rajaraowere a clerk in Rao & Rao Company. (3) Janaki, Rohit’s mother, was an housewife. She used to be alone in the daytime when Rohit was at school, and Rajarao, in his office. (4) She wanted to has a pet. (5) She asked Rohit’s father several time for a pet.
Answer:
1. His family lived in a small town
2. His father Rajarao was a clerk
3. Janaki, Rohit’s mother, was a housewife
4. She wanted to have a pet
5. several times for a pet

Writing :

Imagine you are Oliver Twist. Attempt a diary entry with the above features in mind. After facing the live board, Oliver returned to his bed crying. He sat up to write his diary.
Answer:

DIARY ENTRY

Day : Saturday
Date: 2 July 20XX
Dear Diary,
Time : 10.30 PM
Mr. Bumble took me to the members of the Board. They reminded me that I had come there to be educated and taught a useful trade. They were angry when I asked for some extra gruel. I am asked to pick up oakum tomorrow. I cried and slept on a rough, hard bed.

Oliver

Oliver Asks for More Summary in English

It is the story of an orphan boy named Oliver. He was brought to a children’s home. As per the instruction given by Mr. Bumble, little Oliver entered the room. Board members were sitting to interview Oliver. They asked some questions. Oliver couldn’t answer them but cried. Oliver couldn’t answer even the question whether he was an orphan or not.

The children who were living in the work house were not getting enough food.
The children were wild with hunger. They wanted to demand for more gruel from their master. Oliver did this job on behalf of all his friends. He asked his master for more food. Master couldn’t digest this demand. He beat Oliver on his head with a ladle. One of the board members who was in white waist coat understood the situation of Oliver. He said that Oliver would be hung. The next morning a notice was pasted on the outside of the gate. It stated that Oliver would be offered along with 5 pounds of money to who ever appointed him as an apprentice in a business, trade or calling.

About the Author:

Charles Dickens (1812-1870) is a well known English novelist. Due to his father’s imprisonment Charles left school and worked in a shoe factory. While he was working as an office boy, he launched his writing career. His novels Oliver Twist, Great Expectations, Pickwick Papers, Bleak House, A Tale of two Cities and David Copperfield brought him name all over the world. He went on lecture tours to America and got literary reputation. He focussed on social issues and human ailments in his works.

Glossary:

1. beadle (n) : an official of a church
2. parish (n) : a church committee
3. oakum (n) : loose fibre obtained by untwisting and picking apart old ropes
4. surly (adj) : serious or angry
5. gruel (n) : a thin liquid food of oats, rice, etc.
6. devoured (v) : ate hungrily or quickly
Usage: The lion devoured the goat.
7. appetite (n) : the desire to eat, hunger
Usage: I have a great appetite.
8. voracious (adj) : wanting great quantities of food
Usage: He is a voracious eater.
9. stupefied (adj) : shocked
10. paralyzed (v) : became motionless
11. ladle (n) : a long handled spoon used to serve liquids
12. countenance (n) : a person’s face or facial expression
13. confinement : putting in a prison or a closed room
14. apprentice : one who works under a skilled person
Usage: Before confirming a job, one should be an apprentice and learn the work.

Additional Meanings :

15. grasping : holding
16. forthwith : at once
17. notion : idea
18. trotted : walked with short steps
19. forth with : immediately
20. lingering : moving slowly in an unwilling manner
21. stammer : speak in a broken way
22. inmates : those who live in a house
23. sobbed : cried with sharp, quick breaths
24. nudge : push gently
25. winked : close and open the eyelids a number of times
26. clung : stuck on (cling-clang-clung)
27. shriek : make a loud, shrill noise
28. contradict : oppose
29. prophetic : telling the future
30. calling : anytrade
31. distinctly : clearly

SCERT AP Board 7th Class Hindi Study Material 10th Lesson कबीर की वाणी Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Hindi 10th Lesson Questions and Answers कबीर की वाणी

7th Class Hindi 10th Lesson कबीर की वाणी Textbook Questions and Answers

सोचिए-बोलिए

प्रश्न 1.
चित्र में क्या – क्या दिखाई दे रहे हैं? (చిత్రంలో ఏమేమి కన్పించుచున్నవి ?)
उत्तर:
पेड़, मंडप, फूल, घास, दूर पर पर्वत, गुरु और दो शिष्य, पुस्तक और प्रकृति आदि दिखाई दे रहे हैं।
(చెట్లు, మండపము, పూలు, గడ్డి, దూరంగా కొండలు, గురువుగారు మరియు ఇద్దరు శిష్యులు, పుస్తకము మరియు ప్రకృతి మొ||నవి కన్పించుచున్నవి.)

प्रश्न 2.
वे क्या कर रहे हैं? (వారు ఏమి చేయుచున్నారు ?)
उत्तर:
शिष्य प्रणाम कर रहे हैं। और गुरूजी आशीर्वाद दे रहे हैं।
(శిష్యులు నమస్కరించుచుండిరి. గురువుగారు వారిని ఆశీర్వదించుచుండిరి.)

प्रश्न 3.
उपर्युक्त चित्र किससे संबंधित हैं? (పై చిత్రము దేనికి సంబంధించినది?)
उत्तर:
उपर्युक्त चित्र गुरु – शिष्य से संबंधित है। शायद यह गुरु का आश्रम है।
(పైనున్న చిత్రము గురుశిష్యులకు సంబంధించినది. బహుశా అది గురువు గారి ఆశ్రమము అయి ఉంటుంది.)

कबीर की वाणी (కబీర్ వాణి)

1. तीरथ गए से एक फल, संत मिले फल चार।
सतगुरु मिले अनेक फल, कहे कबीर विचार ॥

भावार्थ :
कबीर कहते हैं कि – “तीर्थ जाने से एक फल मिलता है। संतों की संगति से चार फल मिलते हैं। लेकिन सच्चे गुरु को पा लेने से जीवन में अनेक फल मिलते हैं।

భావార్థం :
తీర్థయాత్ర చేసినట్లయితే ఒక్కటే ఫలితం లభిస్తుంది. మంచివాళ్ళ (సాధువుల) తో స్నేహం చేసినట్లయితే నాలుగు ఫలితములు లభించును. కానీ నిజమైన మంచి గురువు లభించినట్లయితే జీవితంలో మనకు అనేక ఫలితములు లభించును అని కబీర్ దాస్ గారు చెబుతున్నారు.

Meaning :
Kabir says, “ If we go on pilgrimage, we will get sole result. By making friends with virtuous people, four outcomes will be gained. But, we can acquire many fruits by a true and good perceptor.“

2. जहाँ दया तहाँ धर्म है, जहाँ लोभ वहाँ पाप।
जहाँ क्रोध तहाँ काल है, जहाँ क्षमा वहाँ आप॥

भावार्थः
कबीर कहते हैं कि – “जहाँ दया होती है वहाँ धर्म होता है। जहाँ लोभ होता है वहाँ पाप होता है। जहाँ क्रोध होता है वहाँ । नाश होता है। जहाँ क्षमा होती है वहाँ भगवान का वास होता है।”

భావార్ధం :
కవి కబీర్ దాస్ గారు ఎక్కడైతే దయ ఉంటుందో అక్కడ ధర్మం ఉంటుందని, ఎక్కడైతే లోభం ఉంటుందో అక్కడ పాపం ఉంటుందని, ఎక్కడైతే కోపం ఉంటుందో అక్కడ నాశనం ఉంటుందని, ఎక్కడైతే క్షమాగుణం ఉంటుందో అక్కడ భగవంతుడు ఉంటాడని తెలియజేస్తున్నాడు.

Meaning :
Kabir says, “Where there is mercy, there will be virtue; where there is miserliness, there will be sin; where there is anger, there will be destruction; where there is forgiveness there resides God.

3. नहाये धोये क्या हुआ, जो मन मैल न जाए।
मीन सदा जल में रहे, धोये बास न जाए॥

भावार्थ :
कबीर कहते हैं कि – ” केवल नहाने, धोने से मन का मैल नहीं जाता। मछली हमेशा जल में रहती है। फिर भी उसकी बदबू नहीं जाती है। हमें तन के बजाय मन का मैल दूर करना चाहिए ।”

భావార్ధం :
కేవలం స్నానము చేసినంత మాత్రాన సబ్బుతో రుద్దుకున్నంత మాత్రాన మనస్సు యొక్క మురికి పోదు. చేప ఎల్లవేళలా నీటిలో ఉంటుంది. కానీ దాని దుర్వాసన పోదు. మనము శరీర మురికి బదులు మనస్సుకు పట్టిన మురికిని పోగొట్టుకొనవలెనని కబీర్ దాస్ గారు చెబుతున్నారు.

Meaning :
Kabir says, “The mind’s filth can’t be removed by mere bathing and washing. The fish always lives in water. But its bad odour never leaves. We should wash off the dirt glued to the mind instead of the dirt of the body.

4. कबीर लहरि समंदत की, मोती बिखरे आई।
बगुला भेद न जानई, हँसा चुनी – चुनी खाई॥

भावार्थ :
कबीर कहते हैं कि – “समुद्र की लहरों के साथ मोती आकर तट पर बिखर जाते हैं। बगुला उनका महत्व नहीं जानता। मगर हंस उनका महत्व जानता है। इसीलिए हंस मोतियों को चुन-चुनकर खाता है। अर्थात् असली वस्तु का महत्व सिर्फ ज्ञानी ही जानता है।”

భావార్థం :
సముద్రపు అలల వలన ముత్యములు ఒడ్డుకు వచ్చి పేరుకుపోవును. కొంగకు వాటి విలువ తెలియదు. కానీ హంసకు వాటి మహత్యం తెలుసు. అందువలన హంస ముత్యాలను ఏరి – ఏరి తింటుంది. అనగా నిజమైన వస్తువు యొక్క మహత్యాన్ని కేవలం జ్ఞానులు మాత్రమే తెలుసుకుంటారు అని కబీర్ దాస్ గారు చెబుతున్నారు.

Meaning :
Kabir says, “By the waves of the sea, pearls accumulate on the shore. A crane doesn’t know their value. But a swan knows their significance. So, the swan picks and eats the pearls. That means only the wise persons know the worth of a real thing.

Intext Questions & Answers

प्रश्न 1.
कवि विमना के बारे में आप क्या जानते हैं? (కవి వేమన గురించి మీకు ఏమి తెలియును?)
उत्तर:
वेमना का असली नाम गोना वेमा बुद्धा रेड्डी था। आप योगी वेमना के नाम से पुकारे जाते हैं। आप तेलुगु के कवि थे। तेलुगु साहिती इतिहास में आपकी पद्य रचनाएँ वेमना शतकम के नाम से प्रसिद्ध है। आपका जन्म आन्ध्रप्रदेश के नेल्लूर में हुआ था।
(వేమన అసలు పేరు గోన వేమ బుద్ధారెడ్డి. ఆయన యోగి వేమనగా పిలువబడెను. ఆయన తెలుగు కవి. తెలుగు సాహిత్య చరిత్రలో ఆయన రచనలు వేమన శతకాలుగా ప్రసిద్ధి చెందినవి.)

प्रश्न 2.
जीवन में परोपकार का महत्व क्या है? (జీవితంలో పరోపకారం యొక్క మహత్యమేమిటి?
उत्तर:
परोपकार शब्द ‘पर’ और ‘उपकार’ नामक दो शब्दों से बना है। परोपकार शब्द का अर्थ है कि निस्वार्थ भाव से दूसरों की सहायता करना परोपकार का सब से बडा लाभ है आत्म संतुष्टि।
(పరోపకారము అను శబ్దము “పర” ‘ఉపకారము’ అను రెండు పదముల నుండి ఏర్పడినది. పరోపకారము అనగా నిస్వార్థభావంతో ఇతరులకు సహాయం చేయుట అని అర్థము. పరోపకారం వలన కలిగే ఒకే ఒక లాభం ఆత్మ సంతృప్తి. )

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सुनिए-बोलिए

प्रश्न 1.
गुरु के महत्व के बारे में बताइए। (గురువు గారి మహత్యము (గొప్పదనము) గురించి చెప్పండి.)
उत्तर:
गुरु का महत्व यह है कि “गुरु को पा लेने से हमें जीवन में अनेक फल मिलते हैं।”
(గురువు గారి మహత్యము (గొప్పదనము) ఏమనగా మనము గురువు గారిని పొందినట్లయితే మనకు జీవితంలో అనేక ఫలితములు కలుగును.)

प्रश्न 2.
हंस की तुलना किससे की गयी? (హంస దేనితో పోల్చబడినది?)
उत्तर:
हंस की तुलना ज्ञानी से की गयी। (హంసను జ్ఞానితో పోల్చడమైనది.)

प्रश्न 3.
समुंदर में क्या – क्या मिलते हैं? (సముద్రంలో ఏమేమి లభించును?)
उत्तर:
समुंदर में मोती मिलते हैं। समुंदर में मछलियाँ मिलती हैं। समुंदर के पानी से नमक तैयार किया जाता है।
(సముద్రంలో ముత్యములు లభించును. సముద్రంలో చేపలు లభించును. సముద్రపు నీటి నుండి ఉప్పు తయారు చేయుదురు.)

पढिए

अ) जोड़ी बनाइए।

आ) दोहे के क्रम को पहचानकर उसकी क्रम संख्या कोष्ठक में लिखिए।

1. जहाँ लोभ वहाँ पाप। [ 2 ]
2. जहाँ क्रोध तहाँ काल है। [ 3 ]
3. जहाँ क्षमा वहाँ आप [ 4 ]
4. जहाँ दया वहाँ धर्म है। [ 1 ]

इ) सही वर्तनी वाले शब्दों पर गोला “O” बनाइए।

ई) नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों में चित्रों से संबंधित शब्दों पर गोला “O” बनाइए।

उत्तर:

लिखिए

अ) नीचे दिये गये प्रश्नों के उत्तर छोटे – छोटे वाक्यों में लिखिए।
క్రింది ఇవ్వబడిన ప్రశ్నలకు సమాధానములు చిన్న – చిన్న వాక్యములలో ఇవ్వండి.

1. सतगुरु को पा लेने से क्या होता है? (సద్గురువుని పొందినట్లయితే ఏమి జరుగుతుంది?)
उत्तर:
सतगुरु को पा लेने से जीवन में अनेक फल मिलते हैं।
(సద్గురువుని పొందినట్లయితే జీవితంలో అనేక మంచి ఫలితములు లభించును.)

2. क्रोध का परिणाम क्या होता है?(కోపము యొక్క పరిణామం ఎలా ఉంటుంది?)
उत्तर:
क्रोध का परिणाम नाश होता है।
(కోపము యొక్క పరిణామము నాశనము.)

3. हंस की विशेषता क्या है? (హంస యొక్క విశేష్యత ఏమిటి?)
उत्तर:
हंस की विशेषता यह है कि हंस मोतियों का महत्व जानता है। इसीलिए हंस मोतियों को चुन – चुनकर खाता है।
(హంస యొక్క విశేష్యత ఏమనగా దానికి ముత్యముల విలువ తెలుసు. అందువలన అది వాటిని ఏరి-ఏరి తింటుంది.)

आ) नीचे दिये गये प्रश्न का उत्तर पाँच – छह वाक्यों में लिखिए।

* “कबीर की वाणी’ से अपने मन पसंद किन्हीं दो दोहों का भाव अपने शब्दों में लिखिए।
(“కబీర్ వాణి” నుండి మీకు ఇష్టమైన ఏవేని రెండు దోహాల భావము మీ మాటల్లో వ్రాయండి.)
उत्तर:
कबीर कहते हैं कि – “तीर्थ जाने से एक फल मिलता है। संतों की संगति से चार फल मिलते हैं। लेकिन सच्चे गुरु को पा लेने से जीवन में अनेक फल मिलते हैं।”

कबीर कहते हैं कि – “जहाँ दया होती है वहाँ धर्म होता है। जहाँ लोभ होता है वहाँ पाप होता है। जहाँ क्रोध होता है वहाँ नाश होता है। जहाँ क्षमा होती है वहाँ भगवान का वास होता है।”
(తీర్థయాత్ర చేసినట్లయితే ఒక్కటే ఫలితం లభిస్తుంది. మంచివాళ్ళ (సాధువుల)తో స్నేహం చేసినట్లయితే నాలుగు ఫలితములు లభించును. కానీ నిజమైన మంచి గురువు లభించినట్లయితే జీవితంలో మనకు అనేక ఫలితములు లభించును అని కబీర్ దాస్ గారు చెబుతున్నారు.

కవి కబీర్ దాస్ గారు ఎక్కడైతే దయ ఉంటుందో అక్కడ ధర్మం ఉంటుందని, ఎక్కడైతే లోభం ఉంటుందో అక్కడ పాపం ఉంటుందని, ఎక్కడైతే కోపం ఉంటుందో అక్కడ నాశనం ఉంటుందని, ఎక్కడైతే క్షమా గుణం ఉంటుందో అక్కడ భగవంతుడు ఉంటాడు అని తెలియజేస్తున్నాడు.)

इ) उचित शब्दों से खाली जगह भरिए।

1. सतगुरु को पा लेने से ……… लाभ होते हैं। (अनेक/ चार)
उत्तर:
अनेक

2. जहाँ दया होती है वहाँ …… होता है। (क्षमा/ धर्म).
उत्तर:
धर्म

3. मीन सदा ……… में रहती है। (जल/ बादल)
उत्तर:
जल

4. ………. भेद नहीं जानता है। (बगुला/ हंस)
उत्तर:
बगुला

5. हंस …………… चुन – चुन कर खाता है। (मोती/ कंकड)
उत्तर:
मोती

ई) संकेतों के आधार पर वाक्य लिखिए।

उत्तर:
1. मनुष्य में दया होनी चाहिए।
2. मनुष्य में क्षमा गुण भी होना चाहिए।
3. मनुष्य सदा पाप से दूर रहना चाहिए।
4. मनुष्य को सदा पुण्य कार्य करना चाहिए।
5. मनुष्य को लोभ में फसना नहीं चाहिए।

उ) वर्ण विच्छेद कीजिए।

1. तीर्थ : त + ई + र् + थ् + अ

2. क्रोध : …………………….
उत्तर:
क् + र् + ओ + ध् + अ

3. संगति : …………………………..
उत्तर:
स् + अ + ग् + अ + त् + इ

4. सतगुरु : …………………………
उत्तर:
स् + अ + त् + ग् + उ + र् + उ

5. बिखरना : …………………………..
उत्तर:
ब् + इ + ख् + अ + र् + अ + न् + ग + आ

भाषांश

अ) अंत्याक्षरी विधि के अनुसार नीचे दिये गये शब्दों के आधार पर चार शब्द बनाइए।

1. अनेक – कबीर – रबड़ – डमरू – रूखा

2. काल – …………………………..
उत्तर:
लकीर – रकम – मरमर – लगभग

3. सदा – ……………………………..
उत्तर:
दान – नर्तकी – कीडा – डाली

4. पाप – ………………………………..
उत्तर:
पर्वत – तलाश – शरबत – तस्वीर

5. फल – ………………………..
उत्तर:
लालच – चना – नहाना – नया

आ) पर्यायवाची शब्द लिखिए।

1. पाप गुनाह, अपराध

2. क्रोध – ………………
उत्तर:
नारज़, गुस्सा

3. मीन – ………………………
उत्तर:
मछली, मत्स्य

4. जल – …………………..
उत्तर:
पानी, नीर

5. भेद – …………………..
उत्तर:
गुनाह, फर्क

इ) विलोम शब्द लिखिए।

1. ज्ञानी × अज्ञानी
2. धर्म × अधर्म
3. पाप × पुण्य
4. क्रोध × शांत
5. मिलना × बिछडना

सृजनात्मकता

अ) चित्र देखकर वाक्य लिखिए।


उत्तर:

आ) परियोजना कार्य

कुछ दोहों का संकलन करके कक्षा में दिखाइए।
उत्तर:
1. तुलसी साथी विपत्ति के विद्या विनय विवेक।
साहस सुकृति सुसत्यव्रत, राम भोरसे एक ||

2. कहि रहीम संपति सगे, बनत बहुत बहु रीत।
विपति कसौटी जे कसे, तेई साँचे मीत||

3. कनक – कनक तैं सौ गुनी, मादकता अधिकाइ।
उहि खाए बौराइ जग, इहिं पाए बौराइ।

4. नर की अरु नल नीर की, गति एकै कर जोइ।
जेतौ नीचौ ह्वै चले, तेतौ ऊँचौ होइ।।

5. रहिमन पानी राखिए बिन पानी सब सून
पानी गये न ऊबरे मोती मानुष चून ||

इ) अनुवाद कीजिए।

1. बालक नहाता है।
उत्तर:
बालक नहाता है। బాలుడు స్నానము చేయును.

2. गुरु पाठ पढ़ाते हैं।
उत्तर:
गुरु पाठ पढ़ाते हैं। గురువుగారు పాఠం చదివించెదరు.

3. हंस मोती खाता है।
उत्तर:
हंस मोती खाता है। హంస ముత్యములు తినును.

4. देवी बाज़ार जाती है।
उत्तर:
देवी बाज़ार जाती है। దేవి బజారు వెళ్ళును.

5. राजा गाना गाता है। ज.
उत्तर:
राजा गाना गाता है। రాజా పాట పాడును.

व्याकरणांश

क्रिया : “किसी काम के होने या करने का बोध करानेवाले शब्दों को “क्रिया” कहते हैं।”
उदाहरण : खाना, पीना, सोना, उठना, बैठना
(ఏదైనా ఒక పని జరుగుట లేదా చేయుట గురించి తెలియజేయు శబ్దాలను క్రియ అని అందురు.)

→ निम्न लिखित वाक्यों में क्रिया शब्द को रेखांकित कीजिए।

1. मोहन बाज़ार जाता है।
उत्तर:
मोहन बाज़ार जाता है।

2. उमा खाना खाती है।
उत्तर:
उमा खाना खाती है।

3. लड़का आम खाता है।
उत्तर:
लड़का आम खाता है।

4. राजा विजयवाड़ा से आता है।
उत्तर:
राजा विजयवाड़ा से आता है।

5. लड़कियाँ पौधे लगाती हैं।
उत्तर:
लड़कियाँ पौधे लगाती हैं।

अध्यापकों के लिए सूचना : ఉపాధ్యాయులకు సూచన :

→ कबीर के कुछ अन्य नीति दोहे बच्चों को सिखाइए। (కబీర్ యొక్క కొన్ని ఇతర నీతి దోహాలను పిల్లలకు నేర్పించండి.)
उत्तर:
कबीर के दोहे :
1. ऐसी वाणी बोलिये मन का आपा खोया।
औरन को शीतल करै, आपहु शीतल होय ||

2. बुरा जो देखने मैं चला, बुरा न मिलिया कोय।
जो दिल खोजा आपना, मुझ सा बुरा न कोय ||

3. काल करे सो आज कर, आज करे सो अब।
पल में परलय होएगी, बहुरि करेगा कब ||

4. जाति न पूछो साधु की, पूछ लीजिए ज्ञान |
मोल करो तलवारी का पडा रहन दो म्यान ||

5. पोथी पढ़ पढ़ जग बुआ, पंडित भया न कोय।
ढ़ाई अक्षर प्रेम का, पढ़े सो पंडित होय ||

व्याकरणांश (వ్యాకరణాంశాలు)

लिंग बदलिए (లింగములను మార్చండి)

कवि – कवयित्री
गुरु – गुरुआनी
शिष्य – शिष्या
धोबी – धोबिन
मालिक – मालिकिन
सेठ – सेठनी
ठाकुर – ठकुराइन
प्रिय – प्रिया
सखा – सखी
औरत- आदमी
नर – मादा/नारी

वचन बदलिए (వచనములను మార్చండి)

कवि – कवि
गुरु – गुरुजन
दोहा – दोहे
फल – फल
संस्कृति – संस्कृतियाँ
आदर – आदर
धर्म – धर्म
विचार – विचार
एक – अनेक
तीर्थ – तीर्थ
मीन – मीन
जल – जल
मछली – मछलियाँ
लहर – लहरें
मोती – मोती

विलोम शब्द (వ్యతిరేక పదములు)

नीति × अवनति
आदर × अनादर
आंतरिक × बाह्य
ज्ञान × अज्ञान
फल × निष्फल
सच्चा × झूठा
पाप × पुण्य
बदबू × खुशबू
धर्म × अधर्म
जीवन × मरण
दया × निर्दया
मैल × सफाई
असली × नकली
संस्कार × कुसंस्कार
महत्व × महत्वहीन

शब्दार्थ (అర్థాలు) (Meanings)

संत = महात्मा, మహాత్మ, saint
विचार = सोच, ఆలోచన, thought
लोभ = लालच, దురాశ, greedy
मीन = मछली, చేప, fish
सदा = हमेशा, ఎలప్పుడు, always
समंदर = सागर, సముద్రం, ocean
क्रोध = गुस्सा, కోపం, anger
फल = परिणाम, పరిణామం, result
क्षमा = माफ़, క్షమించు, forgiveness
हंसा = हंस, హంస, Hamsa, Swan
अनेक = बहुत, అనేక, so many
नहाना = स्नान करना, స్నానం చేయుట, bathing

श्रुत लेख : శ్రుతలేఖనము : Dictation

अध्यापक या अध्यापिका निम्न लिखित शब्दों को श्रुत लेख के रूप में लिखवायें। छात्र अपनी -अपनी नोट पुस्तकों में लिखेंगे। अध्यापक या अध्यापिका इन्हें जाँचे।
ఉపాధ్యాయుడు లేదా ఉపాధ్యాయిని క్రింద వ్రాయబడిన శబ్దములను శ్రుతలేఖనంగా డిక్టేట్ చేయును. విద్యార్థులు వారి వారి నోట్ పుస్తకాలలో వ్రాసెదరు. ఉపాధ్యాయుడు లేదా ఉపాధ్యాయిని వాటిని దిద్దెదరు.

SCERT AP 10th Class Social Study Material Pdf 17th Lesson స్వతంత్ర భారత రాజ్యాంగ నిర్మాణం Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 10th Class Social Solutions 17th Lesson స్వతంత్ర భారత రాజ్యాంగ నిర్మాణం

10th Class Social Studies 17th Lesson స్వతంత్ర భారత రాజ్యాంగ నిర్మాణం Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve your learning (మీ అభ్యసనాన్ని మెరుగుపడుచుకోండి)

ప్రశ్న 1.
విభిన్నంగా ఉన్నదానిని గుర్తించండి. (AS1)
ఎ) స్వాతంత్ర్య పోరాట అనుభవాల నుంచి భారత రాజ్యాంగం ఏర్పడింది.
బి) అప్పటికే ఉన్న రాజ్యాంగాల నుంచి భారత రాజ్యాంగం రూపొందింది.
సి) ముసాయిదా రాజ్యాంగాన్ని ఉన్నది ఉన్నట్టుగా ఆమోదించారు.
డి) దేశాన్ని పాలించటానికి రాజ్యాంగ సూత్రాలను, అంశాలను పేర్కొంది.
జవాబు:
సి) ముసాయిదా రాజ్యాంగాన్ని ఉన్నది ఉన్నట్టుగా ఆమోదించారు.

ప్రశ్న 2.
తప్పు వాక్యాలను సరిదిద్దండి : (AS1)
ఎ) రాజ్యాంగ సభ చర్చలలో కొన్ని అంశాలపై అందరూ ఒకటే భావాన్ని వ్యక్తం చేశారు.
బి) రాజ్యాంగ నిర్మాతలు దేశంలోని కొన్ని ప్రాంతాలకే ప్రాతినిధ్యం వహించారు.
సి) రాజ్యాంగంలోని అధికరణాలను సవరించటానికి అది అవకాశం కల్పించింది.
డి) రాజ్యాంగంలోని మౌలిక అంశాలను కూడా సవరించవచ్చని సుప్రీంకోర్టు చెప్పింది.
జవాబు:
డి) రాజ్యాంగంలోని మౌలిక అంశాలను ఎట్టి స్థితిలో సవరించకూడదని సుప్రీంకోర్టు కేశవానంద భారతి కేసులో తీర్పు చెప్పింది. కావున రాజ్యాంగంలోని మౌలిక అంశాలను ఎట్టి స్థితిలో మార్చకూడదు.

ప్రశ్న 3.
రాజ్యాంగ సభ చర్చల నుంచి భారత ప్రభుత్వ ఏకీకృత, సమాఖ్య సూత్రాలను వివరించండి. (AS1)
జవాబు:
సమాఖ్య సూత్రాలు:

1. కేంద్ర ప్రభుత్వంతో పాటు ఇతర రాష్ట్ర ప్రభుత్వాలు కూడా ఉంటాయి.
2. ఆ రాష్ట్రాలకు సర్వసత్తాక అధికారాలు ఉంటాయి.
3. రాజ్యాంగం కేంద్ర, రాష్ట్రాల మధ్య అధికార పంపిణీ చేస్తుంది.

ఏకీకృత సూత్రాలు :

1. కేంద్ర ప్రభుత్వం సర్వసత్తాకమైనది.
2. రాష్ట్ర ప్రభుత్వాలు ఉండకపోవడం.
3. ఒకే ప్రభుత్వం ఉంటుంది. కావున అధికార విభజన ఉండదు.

ప్రశ్న 4.
ఆనాటి రాజకీయ ఘటనలను రాజ్యాంగం ఎలా ప్రతిబింబిస్తోంది ? స్వాతంత్ర్య పోరాటానికి సంబంధించి ఇంతకు ముందు అధ్యాయాన్ని కూడా పరిగణనలోకి తీసుకోండి. (AS1)
జవాబు:
ముందుగా భారతదేశంలో వివిధ రకాల ప్రజలు మెరుగైన సమాజాన్ని కోరుతూ చేసిన పోరాటాలు రాజ్యాంగ నిర్మాణానికి స్పూర్తినిచ్చాయి.

రాజ్యాంగంలో ప్రతిబింబించే వివిధ సంఘటనలు :

1. దేశంలో అధికభాగం రాచరిక పాలనలో ఉండేది. సామాజిక, సాంస్కృతిక వైవిధ్యతలే కాకుండా ధనిక-పేద మధ్య, అగ్ర-కింది కులాల మధ్య, స్త్రీ-పురుషుల మధ్య చాలా తేడాలున్నాయి. ఈ సమస్యలను అధిగమించడానికి మన రాజ్యాంగంలో అందరికీ కొన్ని ప్రాథమిక హక్కులు ఉంటాయి.
2. దీని ప్రకారం చట్టం ముందు ప్రజలందరూ సమానులుగా ఉంటారు. లింగ, కుల, మత, జాతి, సంపద భేదం లేకుండా “సార్వజనీన వయోజన ఓటు హక్కు” ద్వారా ఎన్నికలు నిర్వహించడం ద్వారా ప్రభుత్వం ఏర్పడుతుంది.
3. ఫ్రెంచి విప్లవం ఆదర్శాలైన స్వేచ్ఛ, సమానత్వం, సౌభ్రాతృత్వంను, అమెరికాలోని హక్కుల చట్టంను, రష్యా, చైనాలలో సోషలిస్ట్ విప్లవం ప్రకారం పేదరిక నిర్మూలన, అసమానతల తొలగింపు, సమన్యాయం వంటివి మన రాజ్యాంగంలో పొందుపరచడానికి కారణం అయ్యాయి. ఐర్లాండ్ నుండి ఆదేశిక సూత్రాలను పొందుపరుచుకున్నాం.
4. పాశ్చాత్య ఉదార సంస్థలైన గణతంత్ర, ప్రజాస్వామ్య, ‘లౌకిక, సమాఖ్య, స్వతంత్ర్య న్యాయశాఖల వంటి సంస్థలను, ఎంతోకాలం వీటిని కొనసాగించిన బ్రిటిష్ పాలన మన దేశానికి తీసుకొచ్చింది.
5. గాంధేయ ,తత్వాలు ఆదేశ సూత్రాల రూపంలో రాజ్యాంగంలో పొందుపరచబడ్డాయి.
6. భారతదేశం మత ప్రాతిపదికన విభజింపబడినప్పటికి ఇంకా భారతదేశంలో అనేక మతాల ప్రజలు ఉన్నందున భారతదేశంలో “లౌకిక” అనే భావనను 1976లో 42వ సవరణ ద్వారా రాజ్యాంగంలో చేర్చినారు.
7. భారతదేశంలో అల్పసంఖ్యాక ప్రజల రక్షణ కొరకు ప్రాథమిక హక్కులను రాజ్యాంగంలో పొందుపరచినారు.
8. రైతులు, భూస్వాములకు వ్యతిరేకంగా వారి హక్కుల కొరకు చేసిన ఉద్యమాల నేపథ్యంగా ‘సామ్యవాదం’ అనే అంశాన్ని 1976లో 42వ సవరణ ద్వారా రాజ్యాంగంలో చేర్చుట జరిగింది.

ప్రశ్న 5.
రాజ్యాంగ సభను సార్వత్రిక వయోజన ఓటు హక్కుతో ఎన్నుకుని ఉంటే రాజ్యాంగాన్ని రూపొందించటంలో అది ఎటువంటి ప్రభావాన్ని చూపించి ఉండేది? (AS1)
జవాబు:

1. రాజ్యాంగ సభకు రాష్ట్రాలకు, రాజసంస్థానాలకూ జనాభా ప్రాతిపదిక మీద ప్రాతినిధ్యం కల్పించారు. అదే విధంగా అనేక రంగాలలో నిష్ణాతులైన వారు రాజ్యాంగ సభకు ఎన్నికైనారు. అల్పసంఖ్యాక వర్గాల నుండి షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాలు, షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల నుండి కూడా సభ్యులు రాజ్యాంగ సభకు ఎన్నికైనారు. చైతన్యవంతులైనటువంటి నాయకులు రాజ్యాంగ సభకు ఎన్నికవడం మూలంగా, దేశంలోని ఏ వర్గ ప్రజలకు అన్యాయం జరగకుండా దేశ ప్రజలందరిని పరిగణనలోకి తీసుకొని ప్రజల అభివృద్ధిని కాంక్షిస్తూ రాజ్యాంగాన్ని రూపొందించారు.
2. రాజ్యాంగ సభకు, వయోజన ఓటుహక్కు ద్వారా సభ్యులను ఎన్నుకున్నట్లయితే నిష్ణాతులైన, చైతన్యవంతులైన వారు ఎన్నిక కాకపోవచ్చు. తద్వారా అందరి ప్రయోజనాలకు అనుగుణమైన రాజ్యాంగం తయారై ఉండేది కాదు.
3. వయోజన ఓటు హక్కు ద్వారా అన్ని వర్గాల నుండి, అన్ని ప్రాంతాల నుండి మరియు వయోజనులందరు ఎన్నికలో పాల్గొనే అవకాశం వచ్చేది.

ప్రశ్న 6.
భారత రాజ్యాంగంలోని మౌలిక సూత్రాల గురించి చిన్న వ్యాసం రాయంది. (AS1)
జవాబు:
భారత రాజ్యాంగంలోని మౌలిక సూత్రాలు :
1) సార్వభౌమత్వం :
భారతదేశం అంతర్గతంగా, బాహ్యంగా స్వేచ్ఛ, స్వాతంత్ర్యాలను కలిగి ఉన్నదని తెల్పుతున్నది.

2) సామ్యవాదం :
రాజ్యం క్రమేణా అవసరం అయిన మార్పులను తెచ్చి సమసమాజాన్ని స్థాపించడం అని అర్థం. ఈ సామ్యవాదం అనే పదంను 42వ సవరణ ద్వారా రాజ్యాంగంలో చేర్చారు.

3) పార్లమెంటరీ, ప్రజాస్వామ్య విధానం :
శాసన, కార్యనిర్వాహక శాఖల అధికారాల సమన్వయంపై ఆధారపడి ప్రభుత్వం ఉంటే అది “పార్లమెంటరీ విధాన”మని అంటాం. ప్రజలచేత, ప్రజల కోసం నడిచే ప్రభుత్వమే ప్రజాస్వామ్యం.

4) సమాఖ్య విధానం :
ప్రభుత్వాధికారాలు కేంద్ర రాష్ట్ర ప్రభుత్వాల మధ్య రాజ్యాంగబద్ధంగా పంపిణీ అయి ఉన్న ప్రభుత్వ విధానమే సమాఖ్య ప్రభుత్వం.

5) న్యాయం :
భారత రాజ్యాంగంలోని ఈ న్యాయం అనేది పౌరులకు రాజకీయ న్యాయం, ఆర్ధిక న్యాయం, సాంఘిక న్యాయం వంటి న్యాయాలను అందచేస్తుంది.

6) స్వేచ్ఛ, స్వాతంత్ర్యం :
ప్రతి వ్యక్తికి ఆలోచనా స్వేచ్ఛ, భావప్రకటన స్వేచ్ఛ, విశ్వాసం, మత స్వేచ్ఛ, ధర్మం మొదలైన స్వేచ్ఛలను రాజ్యాంగం కల్పిస్తుంది.

7) సమానత్వం :
అసమానత్వాన్ని రూపుమాపకుండా వ్యక్తుల హక్కులకు హామీ ఇవ్వడం నిరర్ధకం. ప్రతి వ్యక్తి తన్ను తాను పూర్తిగా అభివృద్ధి చేసుకొనుటకు సమానహోదా, అవకాశాలు కల్పించడం జరిగింది.

8) సంక్షేమ రాజ్యం :
ఆధునిక రాజ్యాలన్నీ సంక్షేమ రాజ్యాలే. ప్రజల సంక్షేమానికి అవసరమైన చట్టాలను చేయడానికి రాజ్యాంగం అవకాశం కల్పిస్తుంది.

ప్రశ్న 7.
దేశంలోని రాజకీయ వ్యవస్థలను రాజ్యాంగం ఎలా నిర్వచించింది, వాటిని ఎలా మార్చింది? (AS1)
జవాబు:
రాజకీయ వ్యవస్థలకు సంబంధించి ఇతర దేశాల అనుభవాలను తీసుకొని, వాటిని మనదేశ పరిపాలనకు అనుగుణంగా మార్చుకొనుట జరిగింది. అవి :

1) పార్లమెంటరీ వ్యవస్థ :
ఈ పార్లమెంటరీ విధానాన్ని మనం బ్రిటిష్ పరిపాలన నుండి నేర్చుకున్నాం. దాదాపు 200 సంవత్సరాలు వారిచే పరిపాలించబడుట వలన ఆ విధానం మనదేశానికి అనుకూలంగా ఉంటుందని రాజ్యాంగం భావించి, పార్లమెంటరీ విధానాన్ని మన రాజ్యాంగంలో పొందుపరుచుకున్నాం.

2) సమాఖ్య విధానం :
సమాఖ్య విధానం ప్రకారం అధికారాల విభజన అనేది మనం ‘కెనడా’ దేశం నుండి తీసుకున్నప్పటికీ, ఈ ‘అధికారాల విభజనకు మూలం అనేది “1935 భారత ప్రభుత్వ చట్టం” లోనే ఉంది. సమాఖ్య విధానం ప్రకారం కేంద్ర, రాష్ట్రాల మధ్య అధికారాల విభజన జరిగింది. ఈ రెండు కూడా వాటి పరిధిలో సర్వసత్తాకమైనవి. అయినప్పటికి భారత రాజ్యాంగం, ఈ సమాఖ్య విధానంలో కేంద్రాన్ని బలమైన సంస్థగా మార్చింది.

3) సమాఖ్య అధిపతిగా అధ్యక్షుడు ఉంటాడు. ఈ అధ్యక్ష విధానం, అమెరికా అధ్యక్ష విధానానికి వేరుగా ఉంటుంది. ” అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడు వాస్తవాధికారి, కాని భారత అధ్యక్షుడు ఇంగ్లాండు రాజువలె నామమాత్ర అధ్యక్షుడు. వాస్తవాధికారిగా ప్రధానమంత్రి, అతని ఆధ్వర్యంలో ఇతర మంత్రులు ఉంటారు.

4) అధికారాల విభజనలో కెనడా రాజ్యాంగాన్ని మూలంగా తీసుకొని, మన దేశానికి అనుకూలంగా మార్చుకున్నాం. ఏ విధంగా అంటే కేంద్ర, రాష్ట్రాల మధ్య అధికారాల విభజన జరిగాక మిగిలిన “అవశేషాధికారాలను” రాజ్యాంగం కేంద్రానికే కట్టబెట్టి బలమైన కేంద్రంగా తయారవడానికి ప్రయత్నించింది.

5) అమెరికాలో వలె మనదేశంలో ద్వంద్వ పౌరసత్వం లేదు. భారతదేశంలో ఎక్కడ పుట్టినా, దేశ పౌరసత్వం లభిస్తుంది.

6) అమెరికాలో ద్వంద్వ న్యాయవ్యవస్థలున్నాయి. కాని మన సమాఖ్యలో ఏకీకృత న్యాయవ్యవస్థ మాత్రమే ఉంది.

ఈ విధంగా మన రాజ్యాంగం రాజకీయ వ్యవస్థలను నిర్వచించి, మన దేశానికి అనుగుణంగా వాటిని మార్చిందని చెప్పవచ్చు.

ప్రశ్న 8.
రాజ్యాంగంలో, మౌలిక సూత్రాలు ఉంటాయి. అయితే ప్రజలు వ్యవస్థతో తలపడినప్పుడే సామాజిక మార్పు వస్తుంది. ఈ . వ్యాఖ్యతో మీరు ఏకీభవిస్తారా? మీ కారణాలను పేర్కొనండి. (AS1)
జవాబు:
ఏ దేశ రాజ్యాంగంలో అయిన కొన్ని మౌలిక సూత్రాలు ఉంటాయి. అయితే ప్రజలు వ్యవస్థతో తలపడినప్పుడే సామాజిక మార్పు వస్తుందనే వ్యాఖ్యతో నేను ఏకీభవిస్తాను.

కారణాలు:
1) భారతదేశం మత ప్రాతిపదికన 1947లో భారత్, పాలుగా విడిపోయింది. అయితే భారతదేశంలో వివిధ మతాల ప్రజలు ఉన్నారు. ముస్లిం దేశంగా పాకిస్థాన్ విడిపోయినప్పటికి ఇంకా ముస్లిం జనాభా భారత్ లో అధికంగానే ఉంది. యూరోపియన్లు పరిపాలించుట మూలంగా క్రైస్తవమతం, సిక్కులు, పార్శీలు అత్యధిక సంఖ్యలో హిందువులు ఉన్నారు. మత ఘర్షణల మూలంగా వస్తున్న ధన, ప్రాణ నష్టాలను అధిగమించడానికి “లౌకిక” వాదంను మన రాజ్యాంగంలోని ప్రవేశికలో చేర్చినాము. దీని మూలంగా భారతదేశం మత ప్రమేయం లేని దేశం అయింది.

2) షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాలు, షెడ్యూల్డ్ మతాలు, బడుగు, బలహీనవర్గాలు అనాదిగా ఎదుర్కొంటున్న అన్యాయాలను ఎదుర్కొనుటకు చేసిన పోరాటాల ఫలితంగా “సామ్యవాదం” ను 1976 లో రాజ్యాంగంలోని ప్రవేశికలో చేర్చినాము. అయినప్పటికి రాజ్యాంగ మౌలిక సూత్రాలకు భంగం కలగదు. సంక్షేమ రాజ్యమే ఆధునిక దేశాల లక్ష్యం. కాబట్టి సామ్యవాదాన్ని మన రాజ్యాంగంలో చేర్చుకొనుట జరిగింది.

3) తరతరాలుగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాలు, షెడ్యూల్డ్ మతాల ప్రజలు ఎదుర్కొంటున్న అన్యాయాలను పరిష్కరించటానికి వారికి రాజ్యాంగంలో రిజర్వేషన్లు కల్పించుట జరిగింది. ప్రాథమిక హక్కులను అందరూ పొందే విధంగా న్యాయస్థానాల ద్వారా రక్షణ కల్పించినారు.

4) ‘అంటరానితనం’ కు ప్రజలు బలికాకూడదని, అంటరానితనం నేరమని రాజ్యాంగంలోని ప్రాథమిక హక్కులలో 17వ ప్రకరణలో దానిని చేర్చినారు. ప్రాథమిక హక్కులలో చేర్చుట మూలంగా అంటరానితనం కొంతవరకు కనుమరుగైందని చెప్పవచ్చు.

5) భారత రాజ్యాంగం కల్పించిన అన్ని ప్రాథమిక హక్కులలో ఎక్కువ వివాదాస్పదమైనది ఆస్తి హక్కు. ఆస్తి హక్కును కొనసాగిస్తే సమానత్వాన్ని సాధించడం అసాధ్యమవుతుందని, దానిని తొలగించాలని సామ్యవాదులు భావించారు. ఆస్తి హక్కును పూర్తిగా తొలగించాలని కమ్యూనిస్టులు భావించారు. నిజమైన సామ్యవాద వ్యవస్థను స్థాపించడంలో ఆస్తి హక్కు అడ్డంకి కాకూడదని 44వ రాజ్యాంగ సవరణ ద్వారా ఆస్తి హక్కును ప్రాథమిక హక్కుల నుండి తొలగించి చట్టబద్ధమైన హక్కుగా చేయుట జరిగింది.

10th Class Social Studies 17th Lesson స్వతంత్ర భారత రాజ్యాంగ నిర్మాణం InText Questions and Answers

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.232

ప్రశ్న 1.
భారత రాజ్యాంగానికి …………………………. ……… ప్రధానంగా దోహదం చేశారు.
జవాబు:
డా॥ బి.ఆర్. అంబేద్కర్, డా॥ బాబు రాజేంద్రప్రసాద్, మోతిలాల్ నెహ్రూ, బి.ఎన్.రావు.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.233

ప్రశ్న 2.
లింగం అన్న పదాన్ని ఏ దేశ రాజ్యాంగ ప్రవేశిక పేర్కొంది?
జవాబు:
“లింగం” అన్న పదాన్ని “నేపాల్” దేశ రాజ్యాంగ ప్రవేశిక పేర్కొంది.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.233

ప్రశ్న 3.
శాంతి కాముకతను ఏ దేశ రాజ్యాంగ ప్రవేశిక కనబరిచింది?
జవాబు:
జపాన్ “శాంతి కాముకత”ను ఆ దేశ రాజ్యాంగ ప్రవేశికలో కనబరిచింది.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.237

ప్రశ్న 4.
దేశానికి స్వాతంత్ర్యం వచ్చిన తరువాత సుమారు ………… రోజులకు ముసాయిదా సంఘాన్ని ఏర్పాటు చేశారు.
జవాబు:
14 (ఆగస్టు 29, 1947)

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.237

ప్రశ్న 5.
రాజ్యాంగ సభ ముందుగా …………………., ……….. …………………., …………………. వంటి ముఖ్యాంశాలపై ప్రత్యేక సంఘాలను నియమించింది.
జవాబు:

1. యూనియన్ రాజ్యాంగ కమిటీ,
2. కేంద్ర అధికారాల సంఘం,
3. స్టీరింగ్ కమిటీ,
4. రాష్ట్రాల రాజ్యాంగ సంఘం,
5. ప్రాథమిక హక్కుల సంఘం.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.237

ప్రశ్న 6.
ఈ కమిటీల నివేదికలను డా॥ అంబేద్కర్ అధ్యక్షతన ఉన్న …………………… చర్చించి, కీలకమైన నిర్ణయాలను తీసుకుంది.
జవాబు:
ముసాయిదా సంఘం

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.237

ప్రశ్న 7.
డా॥ అంబేద్కర్ అధ్యక్షతన …… కమిటీ తీసుకున్న నిర్ణయాలను ముసాయిదా రాజ్యాంగంలో చేర్చడం జరిగింది.
జవాబు:
డ్రాఫ్టింగ్,

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.237

ప్రశ్న 8.
బ్రిటిష్ ప్రభుత్వం చేసిన …………….. అంశాలను కూడా ముసాయిదా తీసుకుంది.
జవాబు:
1935 భారత ప్రభుత్వ చట్టంలోని

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.237

ప్రశ్న 9.
ఆ తరువాత విమర్శలకు, సూచనలకు దీనిని ……… నెలల పాటు ప్రజల ముందు ఉంచారు.
జవాబు:
8 నెలలు

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.237

ప్రశ్న 10.
ముసాయిదా రాజ్యాంగంలో ……………. అధికరణలు, …………… షెడ్యూళ్లు ఉన్నాయి.
జవాబు:
315, 8

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.238

ప్రశ్న 11.
భారత అధ్యక్షునికి ఇచ్చిన అధికారాలు ……………. కి చెందిన ……………. కంటే …………….. కి చెందిన …………… అధికారాలకు దగ్గరగా ఉన్నాయి.
జవాబు:
అమెరికా, అధ్యక్షుడు, ఇంగ్లాండ్, రాజు

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.238

ప్రశ్న 12.
భారత అధ్యక్షుడు ………….. సలహాలను పాటించేలా రాజ్యాంగ సభ రూపొందించింది.
జవాబు:
తన మంత్రుల

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.239

ప్రశ్న 13.
సమాఖ్య రాజ్యతంత్రంలో ఒకటి కంటే ఎక్కువ ప్రభుత్వాలు ఉంటాయి, భారతదేశ విషయంలో అవి ….. – స్థాయిలలో ఉన్నాయి. మీరు …………. రాష్ట్రానికి, …………. దేశానికి చెందుతారు.
జవాబు:
కేంద్ర ప్రభుత్వం కేంద్రస్థాయిలో, రాష్ట్ర ప్రభుత్వాలు రాష్ట్ర, ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్, భారత

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.239

ప్రశ్న 14.
ఏ రకమైన రాజ్యాంగం కింద కేంద్ర ప్రభుత్వానికి ఎక్కువ అధికారాలు ఉంటాయి?
జవాబు:
ఏకీకృత రాజ్యాంగం కింద కేంద్ర ప్రభుత్వానికి ఎక్కువ అధికారాలుంటాయి.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.239

ప్రశ్న 15.
కేంద్ర, రాష్ట్ర ప్రభుత్వాలకు కచ్చితమైన అధికారాలను ఏ రకమైన రాజ్యాంగం ఇస్తుంది?
జవాబు:
సమాఖ్య విధాన రాజ్యాంగం,

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.239

ప్రశ్న 16.
భారతదేశ రాష్ట్రాలు ఏ విధంగా “కేంద్ర ప్రభుత్వ పాలనా అంగాల శాఖలు కావు”?
జవాబు:
భారతదేశంలో రెండు రకాలైన ప్రభుత్వాలు ఉంటాయి. అవి 1) కేంద్ర ప్రభుత్వం 2) రాష్ట్ర ప్రభుత్వం. ఈ రెండింటికి రాజ్యాంగం కేటాయించే రంగాలలో అవి సర్వసత్తాక అధికారాలను కలిగి ఉంటాయి. కావున భారతదేశ రాష్ట్రాలు కేంద్రప్రభుత్వ పాలన అంగాల శాఖలు కావు.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.242

ప్రశ్న 17.
రాష్ట్రాలు తమ సొంత సివిల్ సర్వెంట్లను (అధికారులను) కలిగి ఉండే అధికారాన్ని భారత రాజ్యాంగం కల్పిస్తుందా?
జవాబు:
కల్పించుట లేదు. అఖిల భారత సివిల్ సర్వెంట్లను కేంద్రప్రభుత్వమే నియమిస్తుంది. రాష్ట్రాలకు ఆ అవకాశం రాజ్యాంగం కల్పించలేదు.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.242

ప్రశ్న 18.
ఒక రాష్ట్రంలోని అధికారులందరూ రాష్ట్ర సివిల్ సర్వీసెస్ నుండి నియమింపబడిన వాళ్లేనా?
జవాబు:
కాదు. రాష్ట్రంలోని అధికారులందరూ రాష్ట్ర సివిల్ సర్వీసెస్ నుండి నియమింపబడిన వారు కాదు. కొందరిని కేంద్ర ప్రభుత్వం నియామకం చేస్తుంది. అవి అఖిల భారత సర్వీస్ కమిషన్ ద్వారా.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.232

ప్రశ్న 19.
భారత రాజ్యాంగ ప్రవేశికలో ఏ ఏ మౌలిక ఆదర్శాలు పొందుపరచబడ్డాయి?
జవాబు:
భారత రాజ్యాంగ ప్రవేశికలో ఈ క్రింది మౌలిక ఆదర్నాలు పొందుపరచబడ్డాయి. ఇవి పౌరులందరికి సమానంగా వర్తిస్తాయి.

1) న్యాయం :
“పౌరులందరికీ సాంఘిక, ఆర్థిక, రాజకీయ న్యాయాన్ని అందించడం.”

2) స్వాతంత్ర్యం :
“ఆలోచన, భావ ప్రకటన, విశ్వాసం, ధర్మం, ఆరాధనలలో స్వాతంత్ర్యాన్ని అందరికి అందించడం.”

3) సమానత్వం :
“అంతస్తుల్లోను, అవకాశాల్లోను సమానత్వాన్ని చేకూర్చటం.”

4) స్వేచ్ఛ :
“పౌరులు స్వేచ్ఛాయుత జీవనం గడుపుటకు, ప్రతి వ్యక్తికి ఆలోచనా స్వేచ్ఛ, భావ ప్రకటన, సంఘాలు, పార్టీలుగా ఏర్పడటం వంటి స్వేచ్ఛలు అందరికీ అందించడం.

5) సౌభ్రాతృత్వం :
“పౌరులందరిలో వ్యక్తి గౌరవాన్ని, జాతీయ సమైక్యతను సంరక్షిస్తూ, సఖ్యత నేర్పరచుటకు సౌభ్రాతృత్వాన్ని పెంపొందించడం.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.234

ప్రశ్న 20.
రాజ్యాంగ ప్రవేశికలో ప్రజా ఉద్యమాలు ఎలా ప్రతిబింబించాయి?
జవాబు:
1) నేపాల్ రాజ్యాంగ ప్రవేశికలో, ఇప్పటివరకు ప్రజలు చేపట్టిన ఉద్యమాలు, చారిత్రక పోరాటాల ద్వారా ప్రజాస్వామ్యం, శాంతి, ప్రగతిలకు అనుకూలంగా ప్రజల అభీష్టాన్ని గౌరవిస్తూ వర్గ, జాతిమూలాలు, ప్రాంత, లింగ వంటి సమస్యలను పరిష్కరించి దేశాన్ని ప్రగతిశీలంగా పునః నిర్మించటానికి పూనుకుంటామని ప్రతిజ్ఞ చేశారు.

2) జపాన్ ప్రజా ఉద్యమాల మూలంగా ప్రజలకు శాంతి, సహకారాలు, స్వేచ్ఛ, యుద్ధభూములు లేని దేశాన్ని, సర్వసత్తాక అధికారం ప్రజలలో ఉంటుందని తెలియచేస్తూ రాజ్యాంగాన్ని ప్రకటించారు.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.234

ప్రశ్న 21.
రాజకీయ వ్యవస్థ స్వరూపానికి సంబంధించి ఏ ఏ వాగ్దానాలు చేశారు?
జవాబు:

1. భారతదేశంలో వయోజన ఓటుహక్కు ద్వారా రాజకీయ న్యాయం పొందవచ్చు. 18 సం||లు నిండిన ప్రతి పౌరుడు ఆస్తి, విద్య మరియు ఏ ఇతర అర్హతలతో నిమిత్తం లేక రాజ్యవ్యవస్థ నిర్మాణ ప్రక్రియలో పాల్గొనవచ్చు.
2. నేపాల్ దేశంలో వయోజనులకు ఓటు హక్కు క్రమం తప్పకుండా ఎన్నికలు, రాచరిక పాలన రద్దు వంటి వాగ్దానాలు చేయబడినవి.
3. రాజకీయ నైతికతకు సంబంధించిన చట్టాలు విశ్వజనీనమైనవి, తమ సర్వసత్తాకతను కొనసాగిస్తూ, ఇతర దేశాలతో సర్వసత్తాక సంబంధాలను సమర్థించుకుంటూ అన్ని దేశాలు ఈ చట్టాలను గౌరవించాలి. ప్రభుత్వ చర్యల ద్వారా ఎన్నడూ యుద్ధభయాలు తిరిగి దేశాన్ని కమ్ముకోవని జపాన్ దేశంలో వాగ్దానాలు చేశారు.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.239

ప్రశ్న 22.
ఈ దేశాల పౌరులకు ఏ ఏ వాగ్దానాలు చేశారు?
జవాబు:
ఈ దేశాల పౌరులకు ఈ క్రింది వాగ్దానాలు చేశారు :
భారతదేశ పౌరులకు :
ప్రజలందరికి అన్ని రకాలైన న్యాయం, స్వాతంత్ర్యం, స్వేచ్ఛ, సమానత్వాలు, సౌభ్రాతృత్వం మొదలైనవి ప్రజలందరు అనుభవించుటకు వీలుగా “థమిక హక్కులను” కల్పించారు.

నేపాల్ పౌరులకు :
ప్రజలందరికి పౌరస్వేచ్ఛ, ప్రాథమిక హక్కులు, మానవ హక్కులు, వయోజనులకు ఓటుహక్కు, పత్రికా రంగానికి పూర్తి స్వేచ్ఛ, స్వతంత్ర న్యాయవ్యవస్థ వంటి వాగ్దానాలు నేపాల్ వారి పౌరులకు చేసింది.

జపాన్ పౌరులకు :
శాంతియుత సహకార ఫలాలు, యుద్ధభయం రాదని, సర్వసత్తాక అధికారం ప్రజలలో ఉంటుందని జపాన్, వారి పౌరులకు వాగ్దానం చేసింది.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.236

ప్రశ్న 23.
“భారతదేశ ప్రజలమైన మేము….” అన్న పదాలతో భారతదేశ రాజ్యాంగం మొదలవుతుంది. భారతదేశ ప్రజలందరికి ప్రాతినిధ్యం వహిస్తున్నామని చెప్పుకోవటం సమర్ధనీయమేనా?
జవాబు:
సమర్థనీయమే, ఎందుకనగా “భారత ప్రజలమైన మేము” అనే భావన రాజ్యాంగానికి ప్రజలే ఆధారమని తెల్పును. రాజ్యాంగాన్ని “చర్చించి, శాసనం చేసుకొని, మాకు మేము” సమర్పించుకుంటున్నాము అనే భావన రాజ్యాంగ పరిషత్తు – ప్రజలకు ప్రాతినిధ్యం వహించిందని తెలియచేస్తుంది.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.236

ప్రశ్న 24.
పాఠశాల మొత్తానికి ఒక రాజ్యాంగాన్ని ఏర్పాటు చేయాల్సి ఉంటే ఎవరెవరు అందులో భాగస్వాములు కావాలి, ఎలా భాగస్వాములు కావాలి?
జవాబు:
1) భాగస్వాములుగా ఉండాల్సిన వారు :
పాఠశాల మొత్తానికి ఒక రాజ్యాంగాన్ని ఏర్పాటు చేయవలసి వస్తే, పాఠశాల ప్రధానోపాధ్యాయుడు, ఉపాధ్యాయ వర్గం నుండి కొంతమంది, ఉపాధ్యాయేతర సిబ్బంది నుండి ఒకరు లేదా ఇద్దరు సభ్యులుగా ఉండి రాజ్యాంగాన్ని రూపొందించాలి.

2) భాగస్వామ్యం :
ఎ) ప్రధానోపాధ్యాయుడు
బి) సబ్జెక్టువారీగా, ప్రతి సబ్జెక్టు నుండి ఒక ఉపాధ్యాయుడు’
సి) ఉపాధ్యాయేతర సిబ్బంది నుండి ఒకరు చొప్పున భాగస్వాములుగా ఉండి రాజ్యాంగాన్ని ఏర్పాటు చేసుకోవాలి.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.238

ప్రశ్న 25.
బ్రిటన్ రాజు, భారత అధ్యక్షుడి స్థానాలలో తేడా ఏమిటి?
జవాబు:

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.239

ప్రశ్న 26.
భారత రాజ్యాంగ రూపకర్తలు ద్వంద్వ పౌరసత్వ (దేశ, రాష్ట్ర విధానాన్ని ఎందుకు తిరస్కరించారు?
జవాబు:
భారత రాజ్యాంగం ప్రకారం సమాఖ్య వ్యవస్థను మనం రూపొందించుకున్నప్పటికి కేంద్రానికి, రాష్ట్రానికి వేరువేరుగా రాజ్యాంగాలు లేవు. దేశానికంతటికి ఒకే రాజ్యాంగం, అదే విధంగా ఒకే పౌరసత్వాన్ని కల్పించుట జరిగింది. ఒకే పౌరసత్వం మూలంగా ప్రజలందరిలో ఐకమత్యం పెంపొందించడానికి వీలుంటుంది. దేశ సమగ్రత, దేశ సమైక్యత కూడా పటిష్ఠంగా ఉండడానికి అవకాశం ఎక్కువగా ఉంటుంది. అదే ద్వంద్వ పౌరసత్వం ఉన్నట్లయితే ప్రజలు దేశ పౌరసత్వానికంటే తన రాష్ట్ర పౌరసత్వానికే ఎక్కువ ప్రాధాన్యత ఇస్తారు. అందుకని రాజ్యాంగ రూపకర్తలు ద్వంద్వ పౌరసత్వాన్ని తిరస్కరించినారు.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.245

ప్రశ్న 27.
పై చర్చల్లో ఏ అభిప్రాయ భేదాలు వ్యక్తమయ్యా యి?
జవాబు:

1. పై చర్చలో అంటరానితనానికి సంబంధించి భేదాలు వ్యక్తమయ్యాయి.
2. ‘అంటరానితనం’ అనగా కొన్నిసార్లు ‘హరిజనులకు’ ఆలయ ప్రవేశం కల్పించటం అన్న అర్థంలో వాడతారు. కొన్నిసార్లు ‘ అది అన్ని కులాలు కలిసి భోజనం చెయ్యటంగా పరిగణించబడుతుంది.
3. అంటరానితనం అనేది కులవ్యవస్థ అనే వ్యాధి యొక్క లక్షణం మాత్రమే.
   ఈ విధమైన అభిప్రాయ భేదాలు వ్యక్తమయ్యాయి.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.245

ప్రశ్న 28.
ఈ చర్చలో పాల్గొనే అవకాశం మీకు లభిస్తే, మీరు ఏ పరిష్కారాన్ని సూచిస్తారు?
జవాబు:
ఈ చర్చలో పాల్గొనే అవకాశం నాకు లభిస్తే, ‘అంటరానితనం’ అనే పదం ఏ రూపంలో ఉన్నా నేరమని చెపుతాను. – అంటరానితనం, కులం అనే పదాలను సమూలంగా తొలగించాలంటాను. అంటరానితనం అనే దురాచారం తరతరాలుగా సమాజం నుండి అనేకమంది వెలివేయబడుతున్నారు. ఇది సమానత్వ హక్కుకు గొడ్డలిపెట్టు. కావున ఈ పదాలను పూర్తిగా నిర్మూలించాలి.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.245

ప్రశ్న 29.
ఈ పదాన్ని రాజ్యాంగంలో నిర్వచించకుండా పొందుపరచడం ఒక మంచి ఆలోచన అని మీరు భావిస్తున్నారా ? మీ వాదనకు కారణాలను తెల్పండి.
జవాబు:
‘అంటరానితనం’ అనే పదాన్ని రాజ్యాంగంలో నిర్వచించకుండా, దానిని పొందుపరచడం మంచిదే అని నేను భావిస్తున్నాను. ఎందుకనగా విశాలమైన భారతదేశంలోని అనేక ప్రాంతాలలో రకరకాలైన అర్థాలున్నాయి. కావున అంటరానితనాన్ని నిర్వచించకపోవడమే సమంజసం. అయితే రాజ్యాంగంలోని 17వ ప్రకరణ- అంటరానితనం నేరమని తెలియచేస్తుంది.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.245

ప్రశ్న 30.
‘కేవలం అంటరానితనమే కాకుండా రాజ్యాంగం కులవ్యవస్థకు సంబంధించిన అన్ని విషయాలకు అంతం పలికుండాల్సింది’ అనే విషయంతో మీరు ఏకీభవిస్తారా ? ఇది ఏ విధంగా చేసి ఉండాల్సిందని మీరు అనుకుంటున్నారు?
జవాబు:
కేవలం అంటరానితనమే కాకుండా రాజ్యాంగం కులవ్యవస్థకు సంబంధించిన అన్ని విషయాలకు అంతం పలికుండాల్సింది అనే విషయంతో నేను ఏకీభవిస్తాను. కులాల ప్రసక్తి లేకుండా వ్యక్తుల యొక్క ఆర్ధిక స్థితిగతుల ఆధారంగా ప్రజలను విభజించినట్లయితే బాగుండేదని నా అభిప్రాయం. దీనివల్ల సమాజం కులాల ప్రాతిపదికన విభజింపబడేది కాదు. కులాల ప్రసక్తి వచ్చేది కాదు.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.232

ప్రశ్న 31.
భారతదేశ రాజ్యాంగ ప్రవేశికతోపాటు కింద ఇచ్చిన రెండు దేశాల ప్రవేశికలను చదివి వాటిల్లో పోలికలు, తేడాలు పేర్కొనండి. తమ దేశం ఏర్పడటానికి దారితీసిన రాజకీయ ఘటనలను ప్రతిబింబించటానికి ప్రతి రాజ్యాంగమూ ప్రయత్నిస్తుందన్న విషయాన్ని గుర్తుంచుకోండి. రాజ్యాంగంలో చోటు చేసుకున్న వాటిని ప్రభావితం చేసిన రాజకీయ ఘటనలను గుర్తించటానికి ప్రయత్నించండి. జపాన్ నేపథ్యాన్ని అర్థం చేసుకోటానికి 13వ అధ్యాయంలో జపాను గురించి మరొకసారి చదవండి. నేపాల్ నేపథ్యాన్ని అర్థం చేసుకోవటానికి 234వ పేజీ చూడండి.
జవాబు:
భారతదేశం, నేపాల్, జపాన్ రాజ్యాంగాలలోని పోలికలు :
1) ప్రాథమిక హక్కులు, సర్వసత్తాక అధికారం ప్రజలలో ఉండడం, పౌర స్వేచ్ఛ, స్వతంత్ర న్యాయవ్యవస్థ, దేశ సమగ్రత, పౌరులకు స్వాతంత్ర్యం, ప్రజాస్వామిక గణతంత్ర రాజ్యంగా ప్రకటించడం వంటి లక్షణాలు భారతదేశం మరియు నేపాల్ రాజ్యాంగాలలో ప్రస్ఫుటంగా కనిపిస్తున్నాయి. జపాన్ రాజ్యాంగంలో సర్వసత్తాక అధికారం ప్రజలలో ఉంటుందనే లక్షణం మాత్రమే సారూష్యంగా కనిపిస్తుంది.

తేడాలు :

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.233

ప్రశ్న 32.
ఈ దేశాల రాజకీయ నేపథ్యాలలో పోలికలు, తేడాలు ఏమిటి? అంతకు ముందు ఘటనలు ఏమిటి? అంతకు ముందు పాలకులు ఎవరు?
జవాబు:
భారతదేశం, నేపాల్, జపాన్ దేశాల రాజకీయ నేపథ్యంలో ఈ క్రింది పోలికలు, తేడాలు కనిపిస్తున్నాయి.
తేడాలు :

1. భారతదేశం బ్రిటిష్ వలస పాలనకు వ్యతిరేకంగా అనేక ఉద్యమాలు చేసి స్వాతంత్ర్యాన్ని తెచ్చుకున్నది.
2. నేపాల్ రాజరిక పాలనకు వ్యతిరేకంగా ప్రజల నిరంతర పోరాట ఫలితంగా రాచరికం రద్దయి, ప్రజాస్వామిక ప్రభుత్వం వచ్చింది.
3. రెండవ ప్రపంచ యుద్ధానికి ముందు జపాన్, సామ్రాజ్యకాంక్షతో యూరోపియన్ దేశాలతో పోటీ పడుతూ ఇతర స్వతంత్ర దేశాలను ఆక్రమించుకోవడానికి అనేక యుద్ధాలు చేసింది. జపాన్ ప్రజలకు యుద్ధభయాన్ని కలుగచేసింది. ఇటువంటి నేపథ్యంలో జపాన్, జపాన్ ప్రజలకు శాంతిని, యుద్ధభయం లేనటువంటి వాతావరణాన్ని కల్పించుకుంటామని జపాన్ రాజ్యాంగం తెల్పుతుంది.

పోలికలు:

1. “ఈ మూడు దేశాల రాజ్యాంగాలను, ఆ దేశ ప్రజలు తమకు తామే ఇచ్చుకున్నాం” అనే పోలిక భారత్, నేపాల్, జపాన్ రాజ్యాంగాలలో కనిపిస్తుంది.
2. భారత్, నేపాల్, జపాన్ దేశాలలోని ప్రజలు అనేక భయాలకు, కష్టాలకు, సమస్యలకు లోనయి ఉన్న నేపథ్యం కనిపిస్తుంది.

అంతకు ముందు ఘటనలు :

1. 1947కు ముందు భారతదేశం బ్రిటీషు వారి పరిపాలనలో ఉంది. స్వాతంత్ర్యం కోసం అనేక ఉద్యమాలు జరిగాయి.
2. నేపాల్ 2007కు ముందు రాచరికపాలనలో ఉంది. ప్రజాస్వామ్యం కొరకు అనేక ఉద్యమాలు జరిగాయి.
3. 1945కు పూర్వం రాచరిక ప్రభుత్వాల వలన జపాన్ రెండు ప్రపంచయుద్ధాలలో పాల్గొని అపార నష్టాన్ని చవిచూసింది. – 1945లో రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధం తరువాత జపాన్ ప్రజాస్వామ్య దేశమైనది.

అంతకు ముందు పాలకులు :
రాజ్యాంగాలను రూపొందించుకోవడానికి ముందు భారతదేశంలో బ్రిటిష్ వలస పాలన ఉంది. నేపాల్ లో నిరంకుశ రాచరికం ఉంది. జపాన్లో సామ్రాజ్యకాంక్ష ఉన్న నాయకత్వం ఉంది.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.234

ప్రశ్న 33.
గతం పట్ల సమీక్షలో వివిధ ప్రవేశికలలోని పోలికలు, తేడాలు ఏమిటి?
జవాబు:
భారతదేశం, నేపాల్, జపాన్ ప్రవేశికలలోని పోలికలు, తేడాలు ఈ క్రింది విధంగా ఉన్నాయి.

పోలికలు :
భారతదేశం, నేపాల్, జపాన్ దేశాలలోని ప్రజలు తరతరాలుగా రాజరికం నిరంకుశ పాలనతో విసిగిపోయి ఉన్నారు. అయితే భారతదేశంలో రాచరికాలకు తోడు బ్రిటిష్ వలస పాలన కూడా తోడైంది. జపాన్లో షోగునేట్ పాలన అంతమవడంతో కొంత అభివృద్ధి జరిగింది.

తేడాలు :

1. భారత్, నేపాల్, దేశాలలో రాచరికాలకు వ్యతిరేకంగా ఉద్యమాలు జరిగాయి. భారతదేశంలో అయితే వలస పాలనకు వ్యతిరేకంగా ఉద్యమం జరిగింది.
2. జపాన్ “మిజి”ల పరిపాలనలో అభివృద్ధి సాధించినప్పటికీ జపాన్ చేసిన యుద్దాల మూలంగా ప్రజలలో యుద్ధభయం, 2వ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో అమెరికా వేసిన అణుబాంబులు భయాన్ని పుట్టించాయి.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.234

ప్రశ్న 34.
మూడు దేశాల్లో భవిష్యత్తు సమాజం గురించి ఎటువంటి వాగానాలు చేశారు?
జవాబు:
భారతదేశం, నేపాల్, జపాన్లలో భవిష్యత్తు సమాజం గురించి చేసిన వాగ్దానాలు :

1) భారతదేశం :
సార్వజనీన అక్షరాస్యత, విద్య, పర్యావరణ పరిరక్షణ, ఆదాయ అసమానతలను తగ్గించటం, ప్రాథమిక హక్కులను అందరికి వర్తింపచేయటం. “న్యాయం, స్వాతంత్ర్యం, సమానత్వం, సౌభ్రాతృత్వం వంటివి ప్రజలందరికి వర్తిస్తాయని వాగ్దానం చేసింది భారత ప్రభుత్వం.

2) నేపాల్ :
పౌరుల హక్కులు, బాధ్యతలు, ప్రభుత్వం దాని అంగాలైన కార్యనిర్వాహక, శాసన, న్యాయశాఖల వంటివాటి నిర్మాణం, అధికారాలను పేర్కొనటం, ప్రభుత్వమూ, సమాజమూ కలిసి నిర్మించాల్సిన భవిష్యత్తు సమాజ స్వభావాన్ని సూచించటం వంటి వాటిని నేపాల్ దేశం ప్రకటించింది.

3) జపాన్ :
రానున్న తరాలకు అన్ని దేశాలతో శాంతియుత సహకారం లభించాలని, ప్రభుత్వ చర్యల ద్వారా సహకారం లభించాలని, ప్రభుత్వ చర్యల ద్వారా ఎన్నడూ యుద్ధభయాలు తిరిగి దేశాన్ని కమ్ముకోవని, సర్వసత్తాక అధికారం ప్రజలలో ఉంటుందని జపాన్ తెలియచేస్తూ రాజ్యాంగాన్ని ప్రకటించింది.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.236

ప్రశ్న 35.
దేశం మొత్తానికి రాజ్యాంగాన్ని రూపొందించటంలో భారతదేశ ప్రజలందరూ పాల్గొనగలరా ? ఈ ప్రక్రియలో క్రియాశీలంగా పాల్గొనాల్సిన అవసరం ప్రజలందరికీ ఉందా లేక కొంతమంది విజ్ఞులకు ఈ బాధ్యత అప్పగిస్తే సరిపోయేదా?
జవాబు:

1. రాజ్యాంగ సభను వయోజనులందరికీ కల్పించిన సార్వత్రిక వయోజన ఓటుహక్కు ద్వారా ఎన్నుకోలేదు. అప్పట్లో జనాభాలో 10% ప్రజలకే ఓటుహక్కు ఉండేది.
2. ప్రజాస్వామ్య వ్యవస్థలో రాజ్యాంగాన్ని ప్రజలు లేక వారి ప్రతినిధులు రూపొందిస్తారు. కావున మనదేశంలో ప్రజా ప్రతినిధులు రూపొందారు.
3. ప్రజలందరూ రాజ్యాంగ రూపకల్పనలో క్రియాశీలంగా పాల్గొనవలసిన అవసరం లేదు. ప్రజలందరికి విద్య లేదు. విజ్ఞానం కూడా అందరికి ఉండదు. ఇటువంటి నేపథ్యంలో ప్రజాప్రతినిధులు శాస్త్ర, విజ్ఞాన, విద్యా రంగాల నిష్ణాతులుగా ప్రాతినిధ్యం వహిస్తారు. కావున ఇటువంటి విజ్ఞులు కొంతమందికి రాజ్యాంగ రూపకల్పన బాధ్యత అప్పగిస్తే సరిపోతుంది.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.242

ప్రశ్న 36.
భారతీయ సమాఖ్య వ్యవస్థకూ, అమెరికా సమాఖ్య వ్యవస్థకూ మధ్యగల ముఖ్యమైన తేడాలను పేర్కొనండి.
జవాబు:
భారత్, అమెరికాల సమాఖ్య వ్యవస్థలో ఈ క్రింది తేడాలున్నాయి.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.242

ప్రశ్న 37.
అమెరికాలో కేంద్ర ప్రభుత్వ న్యాయవ్యవస్థ, రాష్ట్ర న్యాయవ్యవస్థ వేరు వేరు. భారతదేశంలో కేంద్ర, రాష్ట్రాల న్యాయవ్యవస్థలు సమగ్ర న్యాయవ్యవస్థలో ఒక భాగం – వివరించండి.
జవాబు:
అమెరికాలో సమాఖ్య న్యాయవ్యవస్థ, రాష్ట్ర న్యాయవ్యవస్థ రెండూ వేరు, వేటికవి స్వతంత్రమైనవి. అయితే భారత సమాఖ్యలో రాజ్యాంగం రెండు స్థాయిలలో న్యాయస్థానాలను ఏర్పాటు చేయలేదు. మనది ఏకీకృత, సమగ్ర న్యాయవ్యవస్థ.

1. సుప్రీంకోర్టు విచారణ పరిధి కిందకు యావత్ దేశం వస్తుంది. కేంద్ర పార్లమెంట్, రాష్ట్ర శాసనసభలు ఆమోదించిన చట్టాల రాజ్యాంగబద్ధతను పరిశీలిస్తుంది.
2. రాష్ట్రస్థాయిలో పనిచేసే హైకోర్టుకు కూడా శాసనసభ కార్యనిర్వాహక చర్యల రాజ్యాంగబద్ధతను పరిశీలించే అధికారం ఉంది.
3. సుప్రీంకోర్టు, హైకోర్టులకు ‘రిట్’ లను జారీ చేసే అధికారం ఉంది.
4. సుప్రీంకోర్టు, హైకోర్టు వాయమూర్తులను రాష్ట్రపతి నియమిస్తాడు.
5. సుప్రీంకోర్టు నిర్ణయాలు యావత్ భారతదేశానికి వర్తిస్తాయి. అన్ని న్యాయస్థానాలు ఈ తీర్పులను పాటించాలి.
6. హైకోర్టులు కింది న్యాయస్థానాలపై అజమాయిషీ చేస్తాయి.
7. అదే విధంగా ఏ న్యాయస్థానం తీర్పునైనా తాత్కాలిక నిలుపుదల ఉత్తరువు ఇవ్వవచ్చు. దానిని పరిశీలించి తిరిగి విచారణ చేసే అధికారం సుప్రీంకోర్టుకు ఉంది.

ఉన్నత న్యాయవ్యవస్థ నిర్మాణం హైకోర్టులతో సహా కేంద్ర ప్రభుత్వ పరిధి కిందకు వస్తుంది. పార్లమెంటు హైకోర్టు అధికార పరిధిని పెంచవచ్చు. న్యాయమూర్తుల పదవీ విరమణ వయస్సును పెంచే అధికారం ఒక్క పార్లమెంటుకే ఉంది. వీటిని బట్టి మనకర్ధమవుతున్నదేమిటంటే భారత రాజ్యాంగం న్యాయవ్యవస్థ నిర్మాణంలో ఏకీకృత పద్ధతిని అనుసరించింది.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.242

ప్రశ్న 38.
సేథ్ అభిప్రాయాలు, ముసాయిదా రాజ్యాంగానికి మధ్య పోలికలు, తేడాలు ఏమిటి?
జవాబు:
సేథ్ అభిప్రాయాలు, ముసాయిదా రాజ్యాంగానికి మధ్య పోలికలు :

1. రాజ్యాంగ సభ సభ్యులు వయోజన ఓటుహక్కు ద్వారా ఎన్నుకోబడలేదని సేథ్ వాదించారు. ముసాయిదా రాజ్యాంగ నిర్మాణ సభ సభ్యులు వయోజన ఓటుహక్కు ద్వారా ఎన్నుకోబడలేదు.
2. ముసాయిదా రాజ్యాంగం సమాఖ్య విధానాన్ని ప్రతిపాదిస్తుంది. సేథ్ కూడా అధికార వికేంద్రీకరణ జరగాలన్నారు. అధికార కేంద్రీకరణ జరిగితే ఫాసిస్ట్ ఆదర్శాల వైపు నిరంకుశ అధికారంగా మారుతుందని అన్నాడు. మన రాజ్యాంగం కేంద్రరాష్ట్రాల మధ్య అధికారాన్ని వికేంద్రీకరించింది.
3. గ్రామ పంచాయితీల గురించి ప్రస్తావన లేదని సేథ్ విమర్శించారు. ముసాయిదా రాజ్యాంగంలో గాంధీజీ కలలు కన్న గ్రామాల గురించి విస్మరించినారు.

తేడాలు :

1. సేథ్ అధికార కేంద్రీకరణ జరిగిందని వాదించారు. వాస్తవానికి ముసాయిదా రాజ్యాంగంలో కేంద్ర, రాష్ట్రాల మధ్య అధికారం అనేది పంచబడింది.
2. అధికార కేంద్రీకరణ ఎక్కువైతే ఫాసిజం వైపు మళ్ళుతుందని సేథ్ అన్నాడు. అయితే ముసాయిదా రాజ్యాంగంలో పార్లమెంటరీ సమాఖ్య విధానంతో ప్రజాస్వామ్యం వైపు వెళుతున్నామని తెలుస్తుంది.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.242

ప్రశ్న 39.
రాజ్యాంగానికి 73వ సవరణ చేసిన తరువాత గ్రామాలకు ఎటువంటి స్వయంప్రతిపత్తి కల్పించారో తెలుసుకోండి.
జవాబు:
1992లో రాజ్యాంగానికి 73వ సవరణ చేయుట జరిగింది.

73వ సవరణతో గ్రామాలకు స్వయంప్రతిపత్తి :

1. గాంధీజీ ఆశించిన గ్రామాలకు రాజ్యాంగంలో సరైన ప్రాతినిధ్యం దొరకలేదు. 1992లో రాజ్యాంగానికి 73వ సవరణ చేసి ఆర్టికల్ 40లో ఈ గ్రామపంచాయితీలను చేర్చారు.
2. ఆర్టికల్ 40 నిర్దేశిక నియమాలలోనిది. గాంధీజీ ఆశించినట్లు ప్రతి గ్రామం “ఒక రామరాజ్యం ” కావాలని ఈ సవరణ చేసి గ్రామపంచాయితీలకు ప్రాధాన్యత కల్పించారు.
3. ఈ 73వ సవరణ ప్రకారం గ్రామ పంచాయితీ సభ్యులు, అధ్యక్షుడు ప్రత్యక్ష ఎన్నికల ద్వారా ఎన్నిక కావాలి.
4. గ్రామ పంచాయితీకి అవసరం అయిన నిధులు, కేంద్ర ప్రభుత్వం, రాష్ట్ర ప్రభుత్వాలు సమకూరుస్తాయి.
5. సర్పంచ్ వయోజనులచే ప్రత్యక్షంగా ఎన్నిక కావాలి.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.249

ప్రశ్న 40.

1950, జనవరి 26 నాటి వార్తాపత్రిక. ఈ పేజీలో ఏ ఏ అంశాలు ఉన్నాయో వ్యాఖ్యానించండి.
జవాబు:
ది స్టేట్స్మ న్ అనే వార్తాపత్రికలో క్రింది అంశాలు కనిపిస్తున్నాయి.

1. భారతదేశం ఈ రోజు గణతంత్ర దేశంగా ఆవిర్భవించింది. ప్రజలందరు ఓర్పు, సహనాలను కలిగి ఐకమత్యంగా ఉండాలని నెహ్రూ ప్రజలకు పిలుపునిచ్చాడు. అన్ని దేశాలను స్నేహ సంబంధాల కొరకు ఆహ్వానించాడు.
2. సుకర్నో భారత ఎం.పి.లను ఉద్దేశించి మాట్లాడినాడు. భారతదేశం కొత్త గణతంత్రదేశంగా ఆవిర్భవించినందుకు శుభాకాంక్షలు తెలిపినారు.
3. భారత రాజ్యాంగంలోని “ప్రవేశిక” ను ప్రచురించినారు.
4. కలకతాలో ఈ రోజు ప్రోగ్రాం అనే వార్తతో ఆ రోజు కార్యక్రమాలను ఇచ్చినారు.
5. ఇరు దేశాల మధ్య సరిహద్దులను ఏర్పాటు చేసుకున్నారు.
6. “హౌర” గ్రామంలో గన్‌మెన్, ఇద్దరు పోలీసులను చంపినాడు.
7. “కలకతా నుండి గౌహతి” వెళుతున్న విమాన ప్రమాదంలో ఇద్దరు సిబ్బంది మరణించినారు.
8. “ఇంపీరియల్ కెమికల్ ఇండియా” వారి ఫర్నీచర్‌కు సంబంధించిన అడ్వర్టైజ్మెంట్ ప్రచురించబడింది.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No.246

ప్రశ్న 41.
భారత రాజ్యాంగంలోని మౌలిక అంశాలకు సంబంధించి మీరు గుర్తించిన ఉదాహరణలు, వివరణలు పేర్కొనండి.
జవాబు:
రాజ్యాంగంలోని మౌలిక అంశాలకు సంబంధించి నేను గుర్తించిన అంశాలు :
1) వయోజనులందరికి ఓటుహక్కు ఉండడం, వారి ఓటుతో తమకు కావలసిన ప్రజాప్రతినిధులను ఎన్నుకోవడం అనే సార్వభౌమాధికారం ప్రజలలో ఉందని తెలుపుతుంది.

2) “సామ్యవాదం” :
ప్రజలందరూ, సమానత్వాన్ని అనుభవించాలంటే ఆస్తి హక్కును ప్రాథమిక హక్కుల నుండి తొలగించి, దానిని సాధారణ, చట్ట హక్కుగా చేసినారు. ఇదంతా సామ్యవాద సమాజాన్ని స్థాపించుట కొరకే.

3) న్యాయం :
ప్రతి వ్యక్తికి రాజకీయ, ఆర్థిక, సాంఘిక న్యాయాలను రాజ్యాంగం కల్పించింది. దీని ప్రకారం ఏ వ్యక్తి అయిన వయోజనుడైతే ఎన్నికలలో పోటీచేయవచ్చు. పేదరిక నిర్మూలన సమాన ప్రాతిపదికపై సంపద పంపిణీ, కుల, మత, వర్గ, స్త్రీ, పురుష, అల్పసంఖ్యాకులనే భేదం లేకుండా అందరికి సమాన న్యాయం కల్పించబడింది.

4) స్వేచ్ఛ :
ప్రతి వ్యక్తి తన ఇష్టం వచ్చినట్లు జీవించవచ్చు. ప్రతి వ్యక్తికి భావప్రకటన తన ఇష్టం వచ్చిన మతాన్ని ఆరాధించడానికి స్వేచ్ఛ ఉన్నది.

5) ప్రాథమిక హక్కులు :
ప్రతి వ్యక్తి రాజ్యాంగం తనకు కల్పించిన ప్రాథమిక హక్కులు అనుభవించవచ్చు. ఏ కారణాల వలన అయిన తమ హక్కులకు భంగం కలిగినట్లైతే న్యాయస్థానానికి ఫిర్యాదు చేయవచ్చు.

న్యాయస్థానాలు వ్యక్తి యొక్క ప్రాథమిక హక్కులకు రక్షణ కల్పిస్తాయని నేను గమనించాను.