Class 6

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Movement and Locomotion Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 12th Lesson Movement and Locomotion

6th Class Science 12th Lesson Movement and Locomotion Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.

1. Joints of the bone helps in the ——–.
Answer:
movements.
2. The contraction of the ——– pulls the bones during movement.
Answer:
muscle.
3. The bones at the elbow are joined by a ——– joint.
Answer:
hinge.

Choose the correct answer.

1. The immovable joints are present in
A) Knee
B) Shoulder
C) Neck
D) Skull
Answer:

2. The hollow bones are present in
A) Cow
B) Sparrow
C) Buffalo
D) Snake
Answer:

3. The fibers join the muscles to the bones.
A) Tendon
B) Ligament
C) Cartilage
D) None
Answer:
A) Tendon

The joint response to move our head up and down and side to side is
A) Sliding joint
B) Hinge joint
C) Ball and socket joint
D) Pivot joint
Answer:
D) Pivot joint

Answer the Following Questions.

Question 1.
Write short notes on different types of joints in our body.
Answer:
1. The point where two bones meet is called a joint.
2. Joints are of two types. They are movable and immovable (fixed).
3. Movable joints are four types namely 1. Ball and socket 2. Hinge 3. Sliding 4. Pivot
joints.

1. Ball and socket: The rounded end of one bone fits into the hollow end of the other bone. Such a joint allows movement in all directions. This joint is known as the ball and socket joint. It is present at the shoulder and at the hip region.
   
2. Hinge joint: Like the hinge of a door, the joint which helps the bones to move in one direction is called a hinge joint. These are present at the elbow and knee.
   
3. Sliding joint: The joint where the bones slide over each other is called the sliding joint. It is present in the vertebral column, wrist, and ankle.
   
4. Pivot joint: The joint that joins the skull to the backbone is called the pivot or neck joint, pivot or neck joint.
   

Question 2.
What are the uses of muscles and bones?
Answer:

1. Muscles helps in the locomotion and movements of the body, they also provide shape and structure to the body.
2. Bones provide a base to muscles. They have a key role in body movements and the shape of the body.

Question 3.
Differentiate the ball and socket joint from the hinge joint.
Answer:

Question 4.
How is the body of a fish suitable for swimming?
Answer:

1. The skeleton of the fish is covered with strong muscles.
2. While swimming,-muscles make the front part of the body swing towards one side while the tail swings its body towards the opposite.
3. This creates a jerk and pushes the body forward.
4. A series of such jerks help the fish swim forward.
5. The tail fins also aid in this movement.

Question 5.
Guess who I am?
i) I am a joint that works like a joint of doors and windows.
Answer:
Hinge joint.

ii) I help to join two bones.
Answer:
Ligament.

iii) I am a joint between the upper jaw and skull.
Answer:
Fixed joint.

iv) I am a chain of small-small bones.
Answer:
Vertebral column or backbone.

v) I join the bone and muscle.
Answer:
Tendon.

Question 6.
What would happen if there are no bones and joints in our body?
Answer:
If there are no bones and joints in our body

1. we do not have a particular body shape,
2. movements and locomotions are not possible.
3. Simply we become round as mass body.

Question 7.
What would happen if there is a single bone in your fingers?
Answer:
If we have a single bone in our fingers.

1. we can’t fold the fingers.
2. we can’t catch or hold anything.
3. it becomes hard to get food.
4. we cant manage any apparatus.
5. in the evaluation, we become so backward.

Question 8.
Draw a neat and labeled diagram of the Ball and socket joint and write its location and uses.
Answer:

These joints are located in the shoulders and hip region. It is used in swinging and rotating movements.

Question 9.
How do you appreciate locomotion in birds?
Answer:
I feel wonder about flying of birds.
They have wonderful wings and attractive feathers. Birds are only creatures that fly easy to escape.
This feature also help them in long journey to migrate. I feel its beautiful if I have wings to fly.

Activities and Projects

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 139

Question 1.
Collect information regarding joint pains from an orthopedic.
Answer:
Joint pain can be discomfort, pain or inflammation arising from any part of a joint — including cartilage, bone, ligaments, tendons or muscles. Most commonly, however, joint pain refers to arthritis or arthralgia, which is inflammation or pain from within the joint itself.

• Inflammatory foods. “Arthritis” is a general term encompassing conditions that share joint pain and inflammation ….
• Fried and processed foods …
• Lower your Ages ….
• Sugars and refined carbs ….
• Dairy products ….
• Alcohol and tobacco ….
• Salt and preservatives ….
• Corn oil
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs called NSAIDs help relieve joint swelling, stiffness, arid pain — and are among the most commonly used pain killers for people with any type of arthritis.

Natural relief from Arthritis pain

• Weight.
• Exercise.
• Heat and cold.
• Acupuncture.
• Meditation.
• Fatty acids.
• Turmeric.
• Massage.

Question 2.
List out the activities that you performed at your home and which joints were involved in each activity.
Answer:
We cannot perform any movement without the involvement of joints. They have key role in our daily activities.
ACTIVITIES                     INVOLVED JOINTS
1. Walking                     Hinge and gliding joints
2. Running                     Hinge and gliding joints
3. Bowling                      Ball and socket joint
4. Playing                       Ball and socket, hinge, gliding, and pivot joints
5. Dancing                      Ball and socket, hinge, gliding, and pivot joints
6. Painting                      Gliding joint
7. Driving                        Hinge, gliding joints

Question 3.
Observe the whole body of a hen from the internet and make a list of different joints, bones, muscles, tendons and ligaments present in it.
Answer:

Question 4.
Try to identify the joints in the body of a goat through the internet and make a list of those joints.
Answer:

Question 5.
Collect X-ray films and identify which body part they represent and write a note on them.
Answer:

• Gliding joint: A gliding joint is a joint which allows only gliding movement.
  
  The gliding joint allows one bone to slide over the other. The gliding joint in your wrist allows you to flex your wrist. It also allows you to make very small side-to-side motions. There are also gliding joints in your ankles and backbone.
• Pivot joint: Only allows rotating movement. The joint that joins the skull to the backbone is called the pivot or neck joint.
  
• Ball-and-socket joint: The ball-shaped surface of one bone fits into the cup-like shape of another. Examples of a ball-and-socket joint include the hip and the shoulder.
  
• Hinge joint: The ends of the bones are shaped in a way that allows motion in two directions, forward and backward. Examples of hinge joints are the knees and elbows.
  
• Rib cage: Ribs are bent which joins the chest bone and the backbone together to form a box. This is called the rib cage.
  

6th Class Science 12th Lesson Movement and Locomotion Activities

Activity – 1

1. Human body and its movement (Page No. 128)
Do the following actions:

• Bowl an imaginary ball at an imaginary wicket.
• Lie down and try to rotate your leg at the hip.
• Bend your arm at the elbow and your leg at the knee.
• Stretch your arms sideways, chew some food, bend your arm to touch your shoulder with your finger and try to move other body parts as well.

Record your observations in table
Table

Answer:

Activity – 2

2. Let us see how animals move from one place to another. Fill in your observations in the table. (Page No. 136)

Answer:

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 Organisms and Habitat Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 9th Lesson Organisms and Habitat

6th Class Science 9th Lesson Organisms and Habitat Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.
1. ——– is a dwelling place for plants and animals.
Answer:
Habitat
2. Soil is an ——– component of a habitat.
Answer:
Non-living

Choose the Correct Answer.
1. Which of the following is not a character ofa living thing?
A) Reproduction
B) Growth
C) Breathless
D) Excretion
Answer:
C) Breathless

2. Which of the following is a terrestrial habitat?
A) Pond
B) Garden
C) Lake
D) River
Answer:
B) Garden

Answer the Following Questions.

Question 1.
What are the common characteristics of living things?
Answer:
The living things show different specific characters.
1. Movement: – Most of the living things move from one place to another. They have the organs for movement like legs, wings, fins etc. Certain living things such as plants do not move from one place to another as they are fixed to the soil.
2. Food: – Acquiring food is also a character of living things. They acquire food for getting energy.
3. Growth: – Living things grow from time to time. Growth is a common phenomenon among them.
4. Breathing: – All living organisms inhale and exhale air from their surroundings. Many organisms have specialized organs for it. Plants have specialized organs called stomata for the exchange of gases.
5. Get rid of wastes: – Both plants and animals produce waste materials during life processes. They get rid of it by a process called Excretion.
6. Giving birth to young ones: – All living organisms give birth to young ones. Among them some animals lay eggs called Oviparous and some give birth to young ones called Viviparous. Plants produce seeds.
7. Responding to stimuli: The living things show response to stimulus in their surroundings. A change in the surroundings that make organisms respond to it is called stimulus.

Question 2.
How can you say that a tree is living even though it doesn 7 move?
Answer:

• Tree has got the following characteristics of living beings though it cannot move.
• The plant body shows growth, taking food, breathing, getting rid of wastes, response to stimuli giving birth to young ones through seeds.
• So I can say that tree is living.

Question 3.
What is a habitat? How can you say our house is a habitat?
Answer:

• A habitat is a dwelling place for plants and animals that gives them optimum conditions for life.
• We live in houses that protect us from heat, cold and rain, etc. and are a shelter for us.
• We keep some animals and birds as pets in our houses.
• We also grow some plants which give us fruits and vegetables.

Question 4.
List out the organisms living in various regions of a pond?
Answer:

Question 5.
I am a living being. I have four legs. I live in water and also on land. “Who am I? And who are there in my habitat along with me?
Answer:

• The four-legged organism which lives in water and also on land is a frog.
• Turtles will also be in the habitat of frogs.

Question 6.
What questions do you ask to know more about microorganisms?
Answer:

• What are microorganisms?
• What is the smallest microorganism?
• Can we see microorganisms with the naked eye?
• What is the instrument using for observing microorganisms?
• Are all microorganisms harmful to us?

Question 7.
How do you prove that earthworms respond to stimulus?
Answer:
Response to light by earthworm:

Aim: To observe the response of earthworm to light.
What we need: – Glass jar, Black Paper, Torch, Moist soil, Earthworm.
How to do:

• Get an earthworm from a nearby moist soil.
• Take a glass jar.
• Cover half of the glass jar with black paper, pour the moist oil in the jar and put the earthworm in the uncovered portion of the jar.
• Close the jar with a lid that contains small holes.
• Shed some light on the jar.

What do we see: – The earthworm moves to the dark portion of the jar
What do we learn: – The earthworm shows a response to the light (Stimulus).

Question 8.
Draw the diagram showing different regions of a pond.
Answer:

Question 9.
What steps do you take to keep a habitat good?
Answer:

• We should not dump the wastes in nearby ponds, lakes, rivers, and ground.
• We should not cut down the forest.
• The industries should not release wastes into air.
• We should not dump polythene covers on the soil.
• We should not burn the plastic, tires, and polythene covers.
• We should not dig bore wells indiscriminately.

Activities and Projects

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 106

Question 1.
Collect sweet potato, bottle, salt, and water. Take a bottle full of water and add salt, then put the sweet potato inside the bottle. Observe for a few days. What happens? Note your observations. How can you prove that sweet potato is also a living thing?
Answer:

• The sweet potato bulges by absorbing saltwater.
  
• The metabolic changes continue in the potato, though removed from the parent plant.
• It forms roots and stem.
• This proves that sweet potato is also a living thing.

Question 2.
Identify the habitat in which the following live. More than one organism may be present in one habitat (use information given in the help box).
Our intestine, pond margin, kitchen, garden, tree, underground, grass,
Answer:

1. Our intestine: Bacteria, Roundworms, Hookworms
2. Pond margin: Several green types of grass, frogs, cranes, crabs, snails etc.
3. Kitchen: Cockroach, lizards, rats, ants, flies, etc.
4. Garden: Rats, bees, butterfly, ants, earthworms, garden lizard, beetles etc.
5. Tree: Birds, bees, squirrels, mosquitoes, insect larvas, ants, termites etc.
6. Underground: Snakes, rats, earthworms, snails, crabs, Termites, ants, etc.
7. Grass: Crickets, grasshopper, ants, insects, larvas, etc.

Question 3.
Observe a spider in its web and write how a spider shares its habitat.
Answer:

• The web of the spiders is made up of a special protein that solidifies to form silken threads.
• The spider spins a web to trap insects.
• When an insect accidentally flies over the web it gets stuck in the web.
• The vibrations in the web are received by the spider and it attacks on the insect.
• The spider releases some poisonous materials into the body of an insect to paralyzes it and makes the prey into liquid form.
• This liquid form of food is absorbed by the spider.
• This is how a spider shares its habitat.

Question 4.
Collect a hydrilla plant. Put it in a glass of water and observe for a week, how it grows.
Answer:

• Hydrilla is a submerged plant.
• It does not contain specialized roots.
• The leaves are very small and strap-shaped with pointed tips.
• The leaves have a distinct midrib.
• The leaves are directly attached to the stem without a petiole.
• When we put this Hydrilla in a glass of water it grows an inch in a day.
• The plant gets it food from sunlight by a process called photosynthesis.

Question 5.
Take a map of Andhra Pradesh and color the areas where mangroves grow.
Answer:
Student Activity. Ex :

Question 6.
Write your experiences with your pet dog/cat/cow etc, that shows its affection on you.
Answer:

• The animals like dogs/cat/cow are called as pet animals.
• Man domesticated these organisms in earlier days to fulfill his needs.
• He domesticated these for protection and food.
• So we should take care of our pet animals.
• In this process we clean them, we supply food and fodder to them.
• If we show concern on these organisms, they become more affectionate to us.
• So sometimes we can see the dogs licks our feet and wags its tails and sit near us. This is the way they show their affection on us.
• Our motto should be “Live and Let Live”.

Question 7.
Prepare a map that represents different habitats that exist in your school.
Answer:

Question 8.
Prepare an article to deliver a speech in Literary Association meeting on “Animals also have right to live. ”
Answer:
“Animals also have the right to live”,

• In this beautiful world, animals have as much right to live as human beings.
• In totality, the entire earth is a common property of all of us.
• It is our world and it is their world. People often ask if animals should have rights, and quite simply, the answer is “Yes !”
• Animals surely deserve to live their lives free from suffering and exploitation. Just because we are at the top of the food chain.
• Life is life and it should be valued, no matter what you are.
• Animals cannot speak for themselves and for that reason we need to protect them.
• Protecting them is something we should take pride in, it is our responsibility.
• By respecting animal rights and having consideration for animal welfare, we also support ecological balance.

6th Class Science 9th Lesson Organisms and Habitat Activities

Activity – 1

Living things & Non-living things. (Page No. 93)

1. List some living things. Don’t forget to give reasons for why you think something is living.
Answer:
Dog – it takes a breath
Tree – it has growth
Buffalo – moves with legs

i) Chairs and tables also have four legs like buffalo. But they can’t move, why?
Answer:
Chairs and tables are non-living things. So they can’t move.

ii) Trees cannot move but they can produce seeds that give birth to new plants. Are they living things?
Answer:
Yes, trees are living things, but they can’t move. Except for this (movement), it has all living characters.

iii) How do we know whether some things are living and some others are nonliving?
Answer:
Living things have some special characters like growth and breath. By these charac¬ters we find living things.

iv) Will you notice that there are many characteristics of living things?
Answer:
Yes, living things have many characters.

v) Do all living things have common characteristics that make them different from non-living things?
Answer:
Yes, all living things have common characteristics that make them different from non-living things.

vi) Do you know that you are a living being? How can you say that?
Answer:
Yes, human beings are living things, they have living characters like growth, breath, and reproduction.

Activity – 2

Compare the characteristics. (Page No. 94)

2. Some characteristics are listed in table. Compare these characteristics with plants, animals and rocks.

Answer:

i) Do plants and animals possess the same characteristics as you do?
Answer:
Yes, mostly plants and animals possess the same characteristics as me, but plants can’t move.

ii) In which way do the characteristics of plants differ from you or from other animals?
Answer:
Plants can’t move.

iii) What characteristics are the same in plants and animals?
Answer:

1. Growth
2. Movement
3. Taking food
4. Breathing
5. Getting rid of waste
6. Respond to heat
7. Respond to touch
8. Respond to light
9. Giving birth to young ones

iv) Do you agree that you are the same as other animals?
Answer:
Yes, I agree that living characters are the same as animals, but human beings are more intellectual and cultural.

v) What characteristics do you observe in rocks?
Answer:
Rocks do not have any living characters, so they are non-living things.

Activity – 3

Response to stimulus. (Page No. 95)

3. When you step on a sharp object what would you do? You will take back your feet. Is it not? Fill your responses to the stimulus in the below table.

Answer:

i) Do all living beings possess the characteristic feature of response to stimulus.
Answer:
Yes, all living beings possess the characteristic feature of response to stimulus

ii) Do other animals also respond to stimuli like us?
Answer:
Yes, all other animals also respond to stimuli like us.

iii) Do plants respond to stimuli like animals?
Answer:
Yes, plants respond to stimuli like animals.

Activity – 4

Mimosa (Atti-Patti) (Page No. 96)

4. It is very interesting to observe a touch-me-not (Attipatti or mimosa) plant Touch it. Record your observations.
Answer:
i) How does this plant respond when you touch it?
Answer:
When we touch the mimosa, it closes its leaves.

ii) How much time does it take to return to its previous position?
Answer:
It takes nearly 15 to 20 minutes.

Activity – 5

Seeds – Living or not: (Page No. 96)

5. Seeds are produced from plants. We know that plant is a living being. Can we say that seeds are also living things? Let us discuss the characteristics of living seeds?
Answer:

i) Does a seed take in food? From where?
Answer:
Seed has stored food in it. So it does not take in food. The food store is in the endosperm, and/or in the cotyledons.

ii) Will it die if stored for a long time?
Answer:
Yes, if we preserve it carefully we can store the food for a long time.

iii) What happens when a seed is sown in soil?
Answer:
When a seed is sown in the soil it will germinate.

Activity – 6

Microorganisms in water. (Page No. 98)

6. Collect water samples from a pond, well, bore well. Keep them separately. Put a drop of water on a slide. Keep a coverslip on it. Observe under the microscope.
Draw what you have observed. Describe the shapes of the micro-organisms.

i) What type of micro-organisms do you see in water samples?
Answer:
I found different types of microorganisms some are thread-like structures and some are round.

ii) Do all water samples have the same type of microorganisms?
Answer:
No.different water samples have different types of microorganisms.

iii) Is there any water without micro-organisms?
Answer:
No all water samples have microorganisms, but few in topwater.

iv) Which water contains a larger number of micro-organisms? Why?
Answer:
Pond water has more microorganisms because it is an open-source to grow micro¬organisms.

v) What kind of micro-organisms do you find in the water from a pond and borewell?
Answer:
Pond water has more greenish microorganisms and the bore well has moving organisms.

Activity – 7

Who lives where. (Page No. 98)

7. Write the names of organisms in the box below according to where they are found. Some examples are filled to help you.

Answer:

i) Which organisms are found mostly in your area often?
Answer:
Crows and cows are found mostly in my area often.

ii) How many organisms are present in more than one column?
Answer:
Two organisms are present in more than one column.

iii) Why did you place them there?
Answer:
They live in more than one place.

iv) In which column will you put a frog?
Answer:
I will put the frog in the second and third columns.

Activity – 8

8. Read the table and answer the following questions. (Page No. 100)

i) Name some organisms in the pond that can stay in different regions in the same pond?
Answer:
Frogs, cranes, crabs.

ii) What makes them stay in different regions in the pond?
Answer:
Their food habits and body structure makes them stay in different regions in the pond.

iii) Can different places in the pond also be called as habitat? Why? or why not?
Answer:
Yes, particular organisms are live in different places in the pond. So it be called as habitat.

iv) Is there any animal with legs in the pond?
Answer:
Yes, the frog has legs.

v) Do all animals in the pond have tails?
Answer:
No, all the animals in the pond does not have tail.

vi) Do all animals in the pond swim?
Answer:
No, crane can’t swim.

vii) What are the animals that share the surface of the pond as habitat?
Answer:
Whirling beetle, pond skater, larva of mayfly and dragonfly.

viii) Are the leaves of all plants growing in a pond, similar?
Answer:
No, the leaves of all plants growing in a pond are not similar. They are of different types. Ex : Hydrilla, Lotus.

ix) What is the difference between the leaves of a plant growing at the bottom (hydrilla) and that floating on the surface (lotus)? Try to think and write why we find such differences.
Answer:
a) The leaves of a plant growing at the bottom (hydrilla) have small tubular leaves to pass water flow.
b) Floating on the surface (lotus) plants have large leaves to grasp sunlight.

Activity – 9

Now, in the same way, let us study a plant or a tree as habitat. Birds, monkeys, squirrels, snakes, ants, spiders, caterpillars, moths, bees, wasps, small plants (mosses), mosquitoes are some organisms that you may find on a tree. Try to classify them in table based on where you find them. Add some more examples that you know. (Page No. 101)

Answer:

Activity – 10

10. i) Can animals that are our pets live in other places as well? (Page No. 101)
Answer:
Yes, our pets live in other places.

ii) Name the animals and also write the places where they can live.
Answer:
Dog – it lives in the streets.
Cat – it lives in the forest.
Parrots – lives on the tree.

iii) Why do only certain types of animals and plants live along with us?
Answer:
For food and shelter, some animals live along with us
For our food and needs, we cultivate some plants.

Activity – 11

11. Compare water (Aquatic) plants with land (Terrestrial) plants. (Page No. 103)
i) Collect an aquatic plant like Hydrilla or Vallisneria, also collect any terrestrial plant. Now compare the two and write your observations in the below table.

Answer:

ii) Good Habit – Good Life:
Which habitat do you like more? Habitat – A or Habitat – B. Why?

Answer:
Habitat – A: I like more which is clean and tidy. Whereas in Habitat B there is environmental degradation which causes danger to plants and animals life.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Shadows – Images Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 11th Lesson Shadows – Images

6th Class Science 11th Lesson Shadows – Images Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.

1. Light travels in a ——–.
Answer:
straight line.
2. A substance that gives light is known as ——–.
Answer:
light source.
3. The bouncing back of light after hitting an object is called ——–.
Answer:
reflection.
4. The color of the shadow formed by a green tree is ——–.
Answer:
Black.

Choose the correct answer.

1. Identify the transparent substance
A) Paper
B) Wood
C) Glass
D) Oil Paper
Answer:
C) Glass

2. Which of the following substance forms shadows?
A) Transparent
B) Translucent
C) Opaque
D) All the above
Answer:
C) Opaque

3. What do you need to get a shadow?
A) Light Source
B) Opaque Object
C) Screen
D) All the above
Answer:
D) All the above

Answer the Following Questions.

Question 1.
Classify the following objects into transparent, translucent, and opaque:
Cardboard, duster, polythene cover, oily paper, glass, spectacle lens, piece of chalk, ball, table, book, window glass, palm, school bag, mirror, air, water.
Which type of materials do you find more in your surroundings?
Answer:
A. Transperent Objects: glass, spectacle lens
B. Translucent Objects: polythene cover, oil paper
C. Opaque Objects: cardboard, duster, piece of chalk
I find opaque materials are more in our surroundings.

Question 2.
We can’t identify the type presence of completely transparent objects even in light. Is it correct or not? Support your answer.
Answer:
Yes, we can’t identify the presence of completely transparent objects even in Light. Because it allows light to pass through it. So we can’t find it.

Question 3.
Why can’t we see objects which are behind us?
Answer:
The reflected light behind objects of us can’t reach our eyes. So we can’t see objects which are behind us.

Question 4.
What is required to get a shadow of an opaque body?
Answer:
To get a shadow we need

1. light source
2. opaque body
3. screen.

Question 5.
Can we use a plain mirror as a rearview mirror? If not why not?
Answer:
No, we can’t use the plain mirror as a rearview mirror. Because the plain mirror can’t cover all objects behind the vehicle. So we use the concave mirror as a rearview mirror.

Question 6.
Why do we get shadows of different shapes of the same object?
Answer:

1. We get different shadows for the same object.
2. because shadow shape is changed depending upon the position of the light source
3. and angle position of the object.
4. So we may get different shadows shapes from a same object and same shadows from different objects.

Question 7.
What are the differences between a shadow and an image?
Answer:

Question 8.
Malati noticed changes in the lengths of her shadows during the daytime. She had some doubts about this. What could be those doubts?
Answer:

1. Why shadows are always black?
2. Why sometimes shadows are small and large?
3. Why our shadows always follows us?
4. Can we guess the time when see the shadow?

Question 9.
How can you explain the straight-line motion of light?
Answer:

1. Observe the objects, the formation of shadows and the path of light as shown, in the figure.
2. Similarly draw the shadows for the objects given in the fig. Extend the path of light and draw a shadow on the given screen.
   
3. We have drawn arrows in the above figures assuming that light travels like rays that are straight.
4. We can predict the shapes of the shadows only when we consider that light travel as rays along a straight path.
5. In ancient days, by observing the shapes of shadows people came to an understanding that light travels in a straight line.

Question 10.
We would not be able to see any object around us if light does not get reflected. How do you appreciate this property of objects?
Answer:

1. Vision is the vital sense to organisms.
2. Its possible by light reflection.
3. I feel wonder by this phenomena that provide the vision.
4. I also feel happy by seeing beauty nature by light.

Question 11.
Where do you find reflection of light in your daily life?
Answer:

• Due to the regular reflection of light, we look at our image in the plane mirror.
• We can turn the sunlight towards dark places by the regular reflection of light with the help of a shiny surface.
• The wing and rear-view mirrors of a car are made of a convex and a plane mirror
  respectively.
• A microscope uses a mirror to reflect light to the specimen under the microscope.

Activities and Projects

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 126

Question 1.
Hold a glass slab at one end with your hand and stand in the sunlight. See the shadows of your hand and glass slab. Explain what you observed.
Answer:

1. I find that glass slab does not form a shadow.
2. I observed the shadow of my hand.
3. It means glass slab is a transparent object and hand is opaque object.
4. My conclusion is that only opaque objects form clear shadow.
5. And transparent objects does not form shadows.

Question 2.
If we focus a coloured light on an opaque object, does the shadow of the object possess colour or not? Predict and do the experiment to verify your predictions. (Coloured light can be obtained by covering torch glass with a transparent coloured paper).
Answer:

1. In the colour light opaque objects forms shadows.
2. But they does not have any colour.
3. because shadow is the place where the light is prevented.
4. It does not effected by colour light.

Question 3.
Between an electric bulb and a tube light, which forms sharp shadows of objects? Do an experiment to find out and give the reasons.
Answer:

1. Between electric bulb and tube light electric bulb forms clear and sharp image.
2. Electric bulb is round in shape.
3. It takes more voltage and forms intensity light
4. That’s why electric bulb forms sharp and clear shadows.
5. But at the tube light shadow it is not sharp.
6. Here light source is lengthy.
7. And light fell on objects from different side.
8. So the shadow does not sharp.

Question 4.
A mirror is kept on the wall of your room. Your friend is sitting on a chair in that room. You are not visible to him in the mirror. How do you adjust your place so that you are visible to your friend in the mirror? Explain.
Answer:

1. Its simple technique to appear to my friend in mirror.
2. In mirror image formed by reflection.
3. In reflection light bounce in same angle.
4. That’s why I am visible to my friend when he is visible to me.
5. So, I adjust my place until my friend appear to me.
6. When my friend visible to me, I am also visible to my friend.

Activity – 1

1. Make your room dark by shutting the door and windows; and then put on the light. Look at any one of the objects in the room. After that, hold a plank or a writing pad in front of your face.  (Page No. 117)

i) Is the object visible to you?
Answer:
No the object can’t visible to me.

ii) Why is it not visible though there is light?
Answer:
Light can’t reach the eyes. So it is not visible.

iii) What happens when you hold a plank between the object and you?
Answer:
Plank prevent the light. So it can’t reach the eyes.

iv) What is that something coming from the object?
Answer:
Its light that causes sight sense.

v) Where does light come from?
Answer:
A substance which gives light is known as a light source.

vi) Which objects give us light?
Answer:
Objects give us light are Sun, a glowing bulb, lighted candle etc.

vii) Can you give some more examples for source of light?
Answer:
Sun, stars, torch, candle, bulb, flame, glowing worm.

viii) When did you see shadow? Is it during day time or at night?
Answer:
I saw the shadow at day time.

ix) Are shadows formed at night?
Answer:
No, generally shadows does not form at night time. We may form shadows by using light at night time.

x) Is it possible to form shadows when there is no sunlight, bulb or any other light?
Answer:
Its not possible to form shadows without light.

xi) What do we need to form a shadow?
Answer:
We need light to get the shadow of any object.

Activity – 2

2. Try to form shadows of a book, a pen, a duster, a polythene cover, and a glass plate on the wall of your classroom with the help of a torch.  (Page No. 117)
Do you find any differences in the shadow of the above objects? Do all objects form shadow?
i) Which objects form shadows?
Answer:
Book, plank, table, chair.

ii) Which objects do not form shadows?
Answer:
Glass, air, polyethene sheet.

iii) Think and write why some objects form shadows? And others do not?
Answer:
The objects which allow light does not form shadows. And which objects does don’t allow the light form the shadows. It means prevention of light forms shadows.

iv) Observe the figure. Write whether the sheet held by the boy is transparent, translucent or opaque below each of the picture?

Answer:
a) Opaque sheet b) Transparent sheet c) Translucent sheet

v) Think and guess and write in table which objects in your class room form shadows, which do not form shadows and which form an unclear objects?

Answer:

vi) Where do you find the shadow of the leaf?
Answer:
We find the shadow of the leaf on the wall.

vii) Where do you find the shadow of the lea fin the room?
Answer:
On the ceiling.

viii) Do you find the shadow of the leaf if you remove the sheet?
Answer:
No, we do not find the shadow of the leaf.

ix) What do you understand from the above activity?
Answer:
Only light and an opaque object are not enough to form the shadow of an object. In addition to these we need a screen.

x) Can you guess the object by observing its shadow?
Guess and write the names of the objects which form the shadows?

Answer:
a) Tree

b) Ball

c) Rabbit formed as shadow with fingers

d) Musical instrument

e) Bird formed as shadow with hands

xi) What do you find?
Answer:
I found shadows which are in dark colour.

xii) Are you able to guess the object correctly in all cases?
Answer:
No, it is not possible.

xiii) What can you conclude from the above activity?
Answer:
Shadows have no colour. We can’t guess the object by observing its shadow.

xiv) Can we guess the object by observing its shadow?
Answer:
No, not possible in all cases.

Activity – 3

3. Colour of a Shadow.  (Page No. 120)

Take four balls of equal size of different colours. Try to form a shadow of each ball as shown in fig. Ask your friend who is facing the screen and not able to see the balls to guess the colour of.

i) Is your friend able to guess the colour of the ball correctly?
Answer:
No, he not able to guess the colour.

ii) Is it possible to guess the colour of the object by observing it’s shadow? If not why?
Answer:
No, its not possible to guess the colour of the object by observing its shadow. Because any colour of object forms only dark shadows. A shadow is an area/where light is absent. Hence, the shadow is colourless irrespective of the colour of the object.

Activity – 4

Shape of Shadow.  (Page No. 121)

4. Observe the shadows of a book, a pen, a duster, a ball and a round plate, one by one, in sunlight While doing this, rotate the objects to change their positions and observe the changes in shadows. Try to answer the following questions on the basis of your observations:

i) Is there any similarity between the shadows of the ball and the plate? If yes, what?
Answer:
Yes, both shadows are round in shape.

ii) What change do you observe in the shadows formed when you hold the pen horizontally and then vertically?
Answer:
The pen shadow is different when you hold the pen horizontally and then vertically. When you hold the pen vertically the shadow seems as object. When you turn the pen horizontally the shadow become round in shape.

iii) What differences do you observe ip the shadows when the duster is kept in different positions by rotating it?
Answer:
I found that duster have different shadows in different positions by rotating it. Some times the shadow seems as duster and sometimes not.

iv) Why are the shapes of the shadows of the same object different when you change the position of the object?
Answer:
A. shadow is a dark area where light from a light source is blocked by an opaque object.
B. The object may have different shapes in different angles.
C. So, the shadow shape is changed.

Activity – 5

GETTING DIFFERENT SHAPES OF SHADOWS OF A SINGLE OBJECT:  (Page No. 122)

5. Take a rectangular piece of cardboard. Try to form shadows of different shapes by using it. You can do this in the sunlight or with the light from a torch. Now, answer the following questions:
i) Were you able to make a square shaped shadow?
Answer:
When I just bend the rectangular cardboard in front of light source, it forms square shaped shadow.

ii) Were you able to make a triangular shadow?
Answer:
When we gradually rotate the object towards the light source, the square shadow change into triangle.

iii) Were you able to make a circular shadow?
Answer:
No. I am not able to make a circular shadow.

iv) What are the other possible shapes?
Answer:
Rectangular, square, line, rhombus, triangle.

v) Why are we getting different shapes of shadows when the object is the same?
Answer:
Because of the straight line path followed by light rays, we can get different shaped shadows for a single object by changing its position.

Activity – 6

FUN WITH A MAGNIFYING LENS        (Page No. 123)

6. Take a magnifying lens and try to form an image of a tree on a white drawing sheet.
i) What do you observe in the image formed on the sheet?
Answer:
The image on the white drawing sheet is inverted.

ii) What difference do you notice between the images formed through the pinhole camera and through the magnifying glass?
Answer:
I notice that the image formed through the magnifying lens is clearer than that formed with a pinhole camera.

iii) Can you find any other differences or similarities between shadows arid images? Write in your note book.
Answer:
Similarity:
Shadow and image are related to light.
Without light both are not visible.

Difference:
The key difference between image and shadow is that the image is the reflection of the light rays by an object, whereas the shadow is a dark shape projected onto a surface when an opaque object obstruct the light rays.
The term image generally refers to an optical representation of a real object. A shadow is black in color while an image is colorful, and represents the real colors of the object it represents.

Activity – 7

OBSERVE THE REFLECTION  (Page No. 124)

7. Make your classroom dark by closing the doors and windows. Ask one of your friends to hold a mirror in his hand. Take a torch and cover its glass with a black paper leaving only slit in the middle. Now switch on the torch and adjust it so that light falls on the mirror in your friend’s hand. Ask your friend to adjust the mirror so that the patch of light falls on another friend standing in front of him at some distance.

i) What do you observe from the above activity?
Answer:
When light falls on any object, it rebounds back. This is called reflection.

ii) Ask your friend A to cover the mirror with a book. Now switch on the torch and focus it on the book, Can you see the patch of light on your friend? Why?
Answer:
When mirror is covered with book I can’t found patch of light on my friend. Because the surface of book is not smooth as mirror. On smooth surfaces reflection is effective.

iii) Did the light that fell on the book not get reflected?
Answer:
The light fell on the book is reflected. But its irregular reflection. Because the book surface is not smooth as mirror.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Knowing About Plants Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 2nd Lesson Knowing About Plants

6th Class Science 2nd Lesson Knowing About Plants Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.

1. Tap root system is present in ——– plants.
Answer:
dicot.
2. The bud at the tip of the stem is known as ——–.
Answer:
terminal bud.
3. Part of the leaf that helps in the exchange of gases is ——–.
Answer:
stomata.
4. Primary organs of photosynthesis are ——–
Answer:
Leaves.

Choose the correct Answer.

1. The important function of stomata is
A) Conduction
B) Transpiration
C) Photosynthesis
D) Absorption
Answer:
B) Transpiration

2. Part of plant that helps in absorption of water and minerals
A) Root
B) Stem
C) Leaf
D) Flower
Answer:
A) Root

3. Part of the stem from where leaves arise is called
A) Node
B) Bud
C) Cotyledon
D) Internodes
Answer:
A) Node

Answer the Following Questions.

Question 1.
What are the important parts of a plant?
Answer:
The important parts of a plant are: a) Roots, b) Stem, c) Leaves, e) Flower and e) Fruit.

Question 2.
How does the stem help the plant?
Answer:
The stem of a plant,

• supports the branches, leaves, flowers and fruits.
• transports water and minerals from roots to upper aerial parts of the plant.
• transports food from leaves to other parts.
• in some plants, it stores the food so that they are known as the modified stem.
  Ex. Potato, turmeric, ginger, garlic and sugarcane.

Question 3.
What is the relation between the type of root system and venation?
Answer:
The relation between the type of root system and leaf venation is,
a) The plants having tap root system has reticulate venation.
b) The plants having a fibrous root system has parallel venation.

Question 4.
Rajani said “Respiration takes place in leaves” she correct? How can you support this statement?
Answer:

1. What Rajani said is correct.
2. The leaves of plants have tiny pores on their surface, which are called stomata.
3. Stomata acts like a nose to the leaf.
4. So that exchange of gases in the leaves takes place through stomata during respiration.

Question 5.
What will happen if a plant does not have any leaves?
Answer:

• Leaves are the sites of photosynthesis for the preparation of food.
• Gaseous exchange in plants takes place through leaves by the process of respiration.
• Excess of water in the plant is removed in the form of vapours through the leaf surface.
• If the plant does not have any leaves it will not able to make its own food and cannot perform the functions of respiration and transpiration.
• Stem can perform these functions in those plants that does not have leaves.

Question 6.
How can you show that plants absorb water through their roots?
Answer:
Aim: To observe the absorption of water by root.
What you need: A carrot, a glass of water and blue ink.
What to do:

• Take a glass of water and add a few drops of blue ink to it.
• Now place a carrot in the glass.
• Leave the carrot in water for 2 or 3 days.
• Then cut the carrot in water, lengthwise and observe.

What do you see: Blue colour appears in the carrot.
What do you learn: The blue colour indicates that water moved upward in the carrot showing that root absorbs water.

Question 7.
Explain the various parts of a plant with the help of a diagram.
Answer:
The important parts of a plant are:
a) root b) stem c) leaf d) flower e) fruit
a) Root: The underground part of the main axis of the plant is the root.

• Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil.

b) Stem: The aerial part of the plant above the ground is the stem.

• It bears branches, leaves, flowers and fruits.
• It transports water, minerals and nutrients to the various parts.

c) Leaf: The flat, green portion of a plant that arises from a node is a leaf.

• It helps in photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration.

d) Flower: The bright and beautiful part of the plant.

• It is a reproductive part of a plant.

e) Fruit: It is an edible part of a plant that contains seeds.

• It developed from the flower.

Question 8.
Explain the parts of a leaf with the help of a diagram.
Answer:
The main part of a leaf is,
a) Leaf base b) Petiole c) Lamina d) Midrib e) Veins
a) Leaf base: Lower part of the leaf that joins the leaf to the stem near the node.
b) Petiole: A stalk-like/structure that connects leaf to the stem of the plant.
c) Lamina: The thin, flat, green portion of the leaf is lamina.
d) Midrib: The long vein that present in the middle of the lamina.
e) Veins: The branches arising from the midrib and spread over all the lamina.

Question 9.
John has no sufficient place around his house to grow plants. But he wants to grow vegetables like tomato or brinjal. Suggest him some ways to grow plants.
Answer:
Terrace garden, Kitchen garden, Vertical garden are some methods for growing the plants in limited space.
a) Terrace garden: It is a simple garden growing on the terrace. In this process, we use water bottles, plant pots and other waste vessels to grow the plants.
b) Kitchen garden: A garden in which plants for use in the kitchen are cultivated.
c) Vertical garden: A garden in which the plants are supported to grow vertical, especially fences, posts, walls rather than along the ground.

Activities and Projects

Question 1.
Collect any plant from your surroundings. Draw its root structure. What can you say about its root system?
Answer:

• The root system collected in the plant exhibit tap root system.
• In this plant, the main root is thick and grows straight down into the ground is Tap root.
• And the smaller roots arising from the tap root are Lateral roots.
• The root system helps the plant to penetrate into deep layers of the soil.

(OR)

• The root system collected in the plant exhibit tuberous root system.
• In this plant all roots are thin and uniform in size.
• This root system consists of a cluster of roots arising from the base of the stem.
• The root system helps the plant to hold the soil firmly and prevent soil erosion.

Question 2.
Collect the leaves of various plants and prepare a herbarium. Write a brief report on their shapes size and venation.
Answer:
Students collect different shapes and sizes of leaves.

• A Herbarium is a store house of plant specimens which are collected, dried and mounted on paper sheets.
• There are different shapes such as linear, elongated elliptical etc.
• The collected leaves showing reticulate venation and parallel venation in some plants.

Question 3.
Prepare a greeting card with dry leaves.
Answer:
The student can prepare this in a way of his choice. (Student Activity)

Question 4.
Observe a plant that has healthy green leaves and beautiful flowers. Write your feelings about the plant in your note book.
Answer:

• When we see a plant with healthy green leaves and beautiful flowers, we wonder at the glance of such point.
• The green colour of the leaves gives us good scenery and good visibility.
• Green colour is pleasant to our eyes so that it is quite healthy for our eyes.
• On seeing the healthy plant, our mind gets refreshed and tries to forget all the worries.
• The colour and beauty of the flowers makes us relax and its fragrance gives us aroma.

6th Class Science 2nd Lesson Knowing About Plants Activities

Activity – 1

1. Collect 5 or 6 different types of plants from your garden.    (Page No. 13)
a) Observe the collected plants and try to identify their parts. Take the help of fig. 1 in your text book and write your observations in Table given Let us discuss the following questions.

Answer:

i) Did you find any plant which does not have roots?
Answer:
No. I don’t find any plant without roots.
ii) Are the leaves of all plants similar in size?
Answer:
No. The leaves of all the plants are not in similar in size.
iii) Is there any plant without flowers?
Answer:
Ferns, mosses and liverworts are non flowering plants.
iv) What are the common parts that you observe in all plants?
Answer:
Roots, stem, leaves and flowers are the common parts that I observed in all plants.
v) Observe the roots of the plants you collected. How are they?
Answer:
They are not alike.
vi) Do all plants have a similar type of root?
Answer:
No, they have different roots.
vii) Is there any difference?
Answer:
Yes, we can observe the differences some plants have tap root system and some have fibrous

b) Compare the roots of your sample plants with pictures fig 2 and fig 3 and write your observations in table and answer the following questions.

Answer:

i) In the tap root system, how does the middle root look like?
Answer:
Middle main root become thick and has thin rootlets.
ii) Compare the middle root with the remaining roots in the tap root system?
Answer:
The middle root is thick and known as Tap root, and the remaining rootlets are thin and known as Lateral roots.
iii) Do you find any such main root in fibrous root system? How are the roots of this plant?
Answer:
No. There is no main root in fibrous root system. Here all roots are similar in size.
iv) Do you find any other differences between tap root system and fibrous root system?
Taproot system consists of Taproot and Lateral roots in different sizes whereas in fibrous root system all roots are thin and uniform in size.

Activity – 2

2. Write an activity to identify an emerging point that belong to either monocot or dicot in your science lab.  (Page No. 14)
Answer:
Aim: To observe the cotyledons of bean seeds and finger millets comparatively with their root systems.
What you need: Two paper cups, soil, bean seeds, finger millet seeds, water.
What to do?:

• Take two paper cups and fill them with fertile soil.
• Sow 2 or 3 bean seeds in a cup and few finger millets in another cup.
• Sprinkle water over them.
• After a couple of days, we will see the sprouts.
• Observe the newly emerging leaves of that sprouts.
• Take out the plants out of the soil carefully and observe their roots.

What do you see: Two leaves are emerged from the bean seed and only one leaf emerged from the finger millet seedlings. These are the cotyledons.

• Bean has two cotyledons so it is a dicot plant.
• Finger millet has one cotyledon so it is a monocot plant.
• Bean plant has tap root system whereas finger millet has fibrous root system.

What do you learn:

• Dicot plants have tap root system whereas monocot plants have fibrous System.
• So that there is a relation between the cotyledons and the root system.

Activity – 3

Water absorption by Root.   (Page No. 13)

3. How can you explain that plants absorb water through their roots?
Answer:
Aim: To observe the absorption of water by root.
What you need: A carrot, a glass of water and blue ink.
What to do: Take a glass of water and add a few drops of blue ink to it.

• Now place a carrot in the glass.
• Leave the carrot in water for 2 or 3 days.
• Then cut the carrot in water, lengthwise and observe.

What do you see: Blue colour appears in the carrot.
What do you learn: The blue colour indicates that water moved upward in the carrot showing that root absorbs water.

• Observe the figure. Which part of the plant does that boy hold to swing?
  
  Answer:
  Roots of Banyan (Aerial roots).

Activity – 4
4. How can you prove that the water absorbed by the root is carried cut through stem to all parts of the plants?
Answer:
Aim: To observe the conduction of water by a stem.

What you need: A small twig of balsam plant, a glass of water, red ink.
What to do: Take a glass of water and add a few drops of ink to it.

• Now place the small twig in the water.

What do you see: The stem turns reddish.
What do you learn: The red ink is taken and transported by the stem upwards.
Observe the given picture of a leaf and its parts.

• Where is the leaf attached to the stem?
  Answer:
  Leaf base.
• What is the flat portion of the leaf called?
  Answer:
  Lamina (or) Leaf plate.
• What do you call the small line like structure in the flat portion of the leaf?
  Answer:
  Veins.
• Which part connects leaf lamina with the stem?
  Answer:
  Petiole.

Activity – 5

Are all leaves the same?   (Page No. 17)

5. a) Observe the leaves of the plants that you collected in activity 1.

• How are they?
  Answer:
  They are thin and flattened green structures.
• Are all the leaves being same size and shape?
  Answer:
  No. The leaves are not the same size and shape.

b) Compare the leaves of the plants collected in activity 1. Write your observation in the table given. You can also draw what you see in the shape and edge columns if describing is difficult.

Answer:

• What are the common parts that you observe in all the leaves?
  Answer:
  Leaf base, petiole, lamina are the common parts I observed in all the leaves.
• Do all the leaves have the same shape?
  Answer:
  No. All the leaves have not the same shape.

Activity – 6

6. Put a leaf under a white sheet of paper or a sheet in your notebook. Hold the tip of the pencil flat and rub it on the paper.        (Page No. 18)

• Did you get any impression?
  Answer:
  Yes. I get the impression of leaf.
• Is this pattern being similar to that of the leaf?
  Answer:
  Yes. It is similar to that of the leaf.

Activity – 7

Types of Venation. (Page No. 18)

7. Observe the venation of the leaves that you collected in activity 1. With the help of fig. 6 right your observations in table 4.

Answer:

a) Now compare the results obtained in table-2 with table-4.

• What type of roots are there in plants having parallel venation in their leaves?
  Answer:
  Fibrous roots are there in plants having parallel venation in their leaves.
• What type of roots are there in plants having web-like venation in their leaves?
  Answer:
  Taproot system is there in plants having web-like venation in their leaves.
• Is there any relation between venation and root system?
  Answer:
  Yes. There is a relation between venation and the root system.
  The plants with taproot system have leaves with web-like or reticulate venation and plants with fibrous roots have parallel venation.

Activity – 8

Stomata Observation. (Page No. 19)

8. What procedure do you follow to observe the stomata in your school lab?
Answer:
Aim: To observe stomata in a leaf.

What you need: Fleshy leaf, water, microscope, slide.
What to do:

• Take a fleshy leaf.
• Peel the outer layer of the leaf and place it on a slide.
• Put a drop of water on it and observe it under a microscope.

What do you see: We find some bean-shaped parts.
What do you learn: The bean-shaped parts are stomata. Its acts like our nose.

Activity – 9

Transpiration. (Page No. 19)

9. Write an activity to explain transpiration in plants.
Answer:
Aim: To observe that excess water is removed in the form of vapours from the leaf surface.

What you need: Well-watered potted plant, polythene bags, thread.
What to do:

• Take a well-watered potted plant.
• Enclose a leafy branch of the plant in a polythene bag and tie its mouth.
• Take another polythene bag and tie its mouth without keeping any plant.
• Keep both polythene bags under the sun.

What do you see:

• We see some droplets in the polythene bag that ties on the plant.
• There are no droplets in another polythene bag.

What do you learn: Plants release excess water in the body through the stomata of the leaves.

• This process of releasing water in the form of vapour by the process called transpiration.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 5 Materials: Separating Methods Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 5th Lesson Materials: Separating Methods

6th Class Science 5th Lesson Materials: Separating Methods Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.

1. Combination of more than one substance forms a ——–.
Answer:
Mixture
2. The method used to separate stones from rice is ——–.
Answer:
handpicking
3. The process in which a substance changes directly from solid to gaseous form and vice-versa is called ——–.
Answer:
Sublimation

Choose the Correct Answer.

1. Which of the following does not change its shape?
A) Solid
B) Liquid
C) Gas
D) None of these
Answer:
D) None of these

2. This method is useful for the separation of dissolved substances from a liquid
A) Sedimentation
B) Chromatography
C) Crystallization
D) Filtration
Answer:
C) Crystallization

3. Chromatography is the method used to separate
A) Mud from Water
B) Colours
C) Impurities from water
D) Husk from grains
Answer:
B) Colours

Answer the Following Questions.

Question 1.
List five things that we can make using each of the following materials:
a) glass b) metal c) plastic d) wood
Answer:
A) Five things made of glass:

1. Drinking a glass
2. Glass bowl
3. Glass paperweight
4. Glass jar
5. Glass beaker
6. Round bottomed glass flask

B) Five things made of metal:

1. Metal metre scale
2. Metal box
3. Metal sheet
4. Metal cauldron
5. Metal pan

C) Five things made of plastic:

1. Plastic chair
2. Plastic comb
3. Plastic bottle
4. Plastic cup
5. Plastic bags
6. Plastic dish

D) Five things made of wood:

1. Wooden chairs
2. Wooden doors
3. Wooden tables
4. Wooden almirah
5. Wooden sheet
6. Wooden cot
7. Wooden cup-board

Question 2.
Why is handpicking necessary after winnowing?
Answer:

1. During winnowing, only husk and light particles can be separated from grains.
2. But small stones and clay pieces will remain in the grains heap as they are heavy.
3. To remove these stones and other particles, we have to pick them by hand and separate them.
4. Hence handpicking is necessary after winnowing.

Question 3.
Which separation process is used when one component is in a mixture,
a. Heavier than the other?
b. Bigger than the other?
c. Different shape and colour from the other?
d. One is soluble in water and the other is not?
e. One floats and the other sinks in water?
Answer:
a) Winnowing
b) Sieving
c) Handpicking
d) Filteration
e) Decantation

Question 4.
Siri saw a ship travelling on a sea. She knows that iron nail sinks in water. She has many doubts. What are her doubts? Write them.
Answer:

1. Why is the ship not sinking in water though it is made up of iron?
2. Does iron float in salty water?
3. Why did such a huge body like ship not sink in sea?
4. What is the secret of ships floating in the sea?
5. What is the science behind this floating?

Question 5.
We use so many wooden items in our daily life. Is it good to use wood? What happens by excessive use of it? What is the reason? Is there any alternative for this?
Answer:

1. In fact it is good to use wooden items then the plastic items as it is biodegradable.
2. But excessive use of it may lead to deforestation as we have to cut more trees for making wooden items.
3. It may lead to several consequences such as
   i) disturbance in the water cycle,
   ii) decrease in rainfall,
   iii) decrease in the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere,
   iv) increase in carbon dioxide and pollution,
   v) imbalance in nature etc,
4. We can use items made up of bamboo instead of wood as bamboo is a type of grass and grow quickly when compared to woody trees.
5. We can also use items made up of metals as they lost longer and can be recycled.

Question 6.
How can you get your own distilled water in the laboratory?
Answer:
Aim: To get distilled water from normal water.
What do you need? (Materials required):
1. Water, 2 conical flasks, 2 one holed rubber cork, delivery tube, bunsen burner, stand.
What to do? (Procedure):

1. Fill a conical flask with water, close it with a cork having a hole.
2. Take another conical flask with a cork having a hole.
   
3. Connect both flasks with a delivery tube.
4. Now heat the flask containing water using a burner.

What do you see? (Observation): After some time, water vapour goes into the second conical flask through the delivery tube. The water vapour will slowly turn to water.
What do you learn? (Result) : This water is called a distilled water. It is free from impurities.
Thus Impurities can be removed from water by distillation get our own distilled water.

Question 7.
Draw a labelled diagram showing the experimental setup required for the sublimation of camphor?
Answer:

Question 8.
We know that a ship, even though it is made up of tonnes of iron, floats on water. How do you feel about the scientists who found the scientific principles and efforts in making a ship?
Answer:

1. The ship is so constructed that it is full of air which keeps it a float.
2. Air makes the ship lighter than the surrounding water.
3. The displaced water of the ship pushes back up against the ship holding it up.
4. The observation of the scientists who felt that the shape of the ship can hold more air to make it light made them to construct this.
5. Observation of scientists as well as putting it to practical use is very much appreciable on the part of the scientists.

Activities and Projects

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 58

Question 1.
Drop an egg in a beaker of water. Now drop the same egg in another beaker of water in which excessive salt is added. Write your observation.
Answer:

1. When the egg is droped in a beaker of water the egg sinks in the water.
2. When the egg is droped in the beaker of water in which excessive salt is added, the egg floats in that water.
3. In the first case the density of water is less so no upward force act on the egg to float.
4. But in the later case salt water density is more then normal water, so it exerts upward force on the egg as a result egg floats.

Question 2.
Do the following activities. Write down your observations. What do you conclude.
a. Mix chalk powder in water.
b. Place a piece of candle in water.
c. Add some oil drops to a beaker of water.
Answer:
a) Chalk powder is insoluble in water and is precipitated in water.
b) The candle floats in water. The density of the candle is less than the density of water.
c) The oil drop spreads as a thin film on the water surface. The density of oil is less than the density of water.

Question 3.
Make a list of items from your kitchen like utensils, food ingredients etc. Classify them as sinks /floats and soluble/insoluble.
Answer:

Question 4.
Is it possible to separate sugar mixed with wheat flour? If yes, how will you do it? If powdered sugar is mixed with wheat flour, how do you separate them?
Answer:

1. Yes. This can be done through the process of sieving.
2. The mixture of sugar and wheat flour is allowed to pass through a sieve.
3. The fine wheat flour passes through the sieve while sugar remains on the sieve.
4. To separate powdered sugar from wheat flour, first we have to add excess water to the mixture of powdered sugar with wheat flour.
5. As sugar is soluble in water it get dissolves in water.
6. Wheat flour is insoluble in water so it settles down.
7. Now wheat flour can be separated from sugar solution by decantation or filtration.
8. Now sugar can be obtained from sugar solution by crystallization (heating till the water evaporates leaving behind the sugar in crystalized form).

6th Class Science 5th Lesson Materials: Separating Methods Activities

Activity – 1

Finding the materials used to make different objects. (Page No. 46)

1. A list of things in a house are given in table. Name the materials from which each object is may possibly be made of:

Answer:

i) Which objects are made of one material?
Answer:

1. Pot
2. Towel (if not dyed)
3. Shoes
4. Water bottle.

ii) Which objects are made of more than one material?
Answer:

1. Door
2. Rubber
3. Knife
4. Mirror

iii) How many materials can be used for making chairs? List them.
Answer:

1. Wood
2. Iron nails
3. Plywood

Activity – 2

Finding the objects made from different materials: (Page No. 47)

2. Name as many things/objects as you can, made using the materials given in the table shown.

Answer:

Activity – 3

Light a candle (Page No. 48)

3. You may have lit a candle with a matchstick many times, holding the burning matchstick to touch the wick of the candle until the wick catches fire. But, can you light the candle without touching the wick with a burning matchstick? Do you think this is impossible? Let us see how it can be done.
Answer:

1. A candle is taken and is lighted. The candle is lit only when the burning match stick touched its wick.
2. When the candle is burning at the bottom of the wick liquid wax can be observed.
3. White smoke is observed over the flame of the candle, when the flame is put off. This is the vapour state of wax.
4. If a burning match stick is brought near this smoke, the candle catches fire though match stick does not touch the wick.

i) Did the candle catch fire from a distance?
Answer:
Yes, It catches fire from a distance.

ii) Discuss with your friends how and why the candle got lit from a distance.
Answer:
The candle got lit from a distance because the white smoke rising from the wick is flammable. It catches fire as a result candle got lit.

iii) Does the white smoke represent candle wax in the state of gas?
Answer:
Yes, that white smoke is nothing but the wax in the gaseous state.

Activity – 4

Classification of Materials: (Page No. 49)

4. Think of different solids, liquids and gases around you and group them in the table.

Answer:

Discuss with your friends and find out who had the longest list. Can you list their properties? For example, liquids take the shape of the container they are put into. Write all possible properties of solids, liquids and gases in your notebook. Discuss them with your friends and teachers.
Answer:
A) Solids:

1. Solids have a definite shape.
2. Solids are incompressible.
3. Solids do not flow.

B) Liquids

1. Liquids occupy the shape of the container.
2. Liquids are incompressible.
3. Liquids can flow.

C) Gases:

1. Gases have no fixed shape.
2. Gases can be compressible.
3. Gases flow and diffuse.

Activity – 5

Sinking or Floating in Water (Page No. 50)

Let us assume that a tomato, brinjal, potato, iron nail, sponge, wood, stone, leaf, piece of chalk and paper are given to you. Predict which of them will sink or float in water. Record your predictions in table.

Answer:

i) Now try to test whether your predictions are correct or wrong by dropping the above objects in a beaker of water one by one. What do you find? Record your observations in the following table.

Answer:

ii) For which of these objects your prediction is wrong? Why?
Answer:
1) All my predictions proved correct.
2) I have taken good quality tomato, brinjal and potato.
Now, add a lot of salt to the water in the beaker. Try this same activity with water which is excessively salty..

iii) What do you observe?
Answer:
Some of the objects which sinks previously now began to float.

iv) Do you get the same result? Discuss.
Answer:
No, some of the objects which sink previously now began to float. This is because the density of salt water is more than that of freshwater. As the density of water increases objects with less density than this water will float.

Activity – 6

Do Iron Objects of boat (Page No. 50)

6. i) Take some water in a wide-mouthed bowl. Put an iron nail in it. What do you observe?
Answer:
The wooden nail will sink to the bottom.

ii) Put an empty iron tin in that bowl. What do you observe?
Answer:
The iron tin float on the water.

iii) Also try to observe whether a wooden piece floats on water. What happens when a wooden bowl is dipped in water?
Answer:
When a wooden bowl is dipped in water, it again floats.

iv) What do you conclude from this activity?
Answer:
Some materials in one shape will sink in water but float on water when they are in another shape. The materials that can sink can be made to float, but all the materials that float cannot be made to sink.

Activity – 7

Soluble or Insoluble in Water: (Page No. 51)

7. i) Take five beakers with water. Take small quantities of sugar, salt, chalk powder, sand and sawdust. Add each material to separate beakers and stir- Observe the changes and record your observations in the table.

Answer:

ii) Repeat the above activity with different liquids like vinegar; lemon juice, coconut oil and kerosene and add them to water. What do you observe? Discuss.
Answer:

iii) List out the different substances that are used to make the items given in table.

Answer:

iv) Complete the following table.

Answer:

Activity – 8

Sedimentation and Decantation: (Page No. 53)

8. How do you separate mud and sand from muddy water? What is sedimentation and decantation?
Answer:

1. Take a mixture of soil and water in a glass tumbler and keep it undisturbed for some time.
2. You will find that the sand and the mud particles in the soil settle down at the bottom of the glass tumbler.
   
3. These are called sediments and this process of sepa¬ration of mud and sand is called sedimentation.
4. After sedimentation, the tumbler is gently lifted.
5. The tip of the tumbler is inclined on the edge of another tumbler without disturbing the sediments.
6. The water gets separated from the sediment(mud).
7. This process is called decantation.

i) Why did mud particle settle at the bottom of the tumbler?
Answer:
Mud particles settle at the bottom of the tumbler as they are insoluble in water and heavier in weight.
Sedimentation and decantation are used in your home while cleaning rice and pulses for cooking.

ii) Think of other examples where we use this method of separation and list them.
Answer:
Example of sedimentation are: Tea leaves settling down on cup of tea, soil settling in pond water.
Example of decantation: Oil and vinegar mixture decanting in the experiment, water is poured out from cooked peas etc.

Activity – 9

9. Why can’t we filter salt from salt water? (Page No. 54)
Answer:
Take water in a beaker. Dissolve some salt in it. Filter this mixture with a filter paper.
i) Are you able to separate the salt from the salt water with a niter paper?
Answer:
We cannot separate the salt from the salt water with a filter paper.

ii) Why could you not niter the salt from salt water?

1. The pores in a filter paper are so minute that we cannot see them with naked eyes.
2. The dissolved salt particles are very minute and they pass through the filter paper.
3. So we cannot filter the salt from salt water with a filter paper.

Activity – 10

Crystallization. (Page No. 54)

10. Explain the process of Crystallization.
Answer:
Aim: To separate salt from salt water.
What you need? Salt, water, beaker, glass rod, tripod Stand, Bunsen burner, wire guage.

What to do?

1. Heat some salt water in a beaker, over a flame.
2. Stir the solution with a glass rod.
3. Continue heating till all the water in the beaker has evaporated.

What do you see? Crystals of salt remain in the beaker.
What do you learn? Salt can be separated from salt water by heating (Crystallization). Some dissolved substances can be separated from the liquids by heating. On heating water evaporates and dissolved substances will form their crystals. This method of separation is called Crystallization.

Activity – 11

Get your own Distilled Water (Page No. 55)

11. How do you prepare distilled water ? (Or) Explain the process of distilling water.
Answer:
Aim To get distilled water from normal water.
What you need?:
1. Water, 2 conical flasks, 2 one holed rubber cork, delivery tube, bunsen burner, stand.
What to do?:

1. Fill a conical flask with water, close it with a cork having a hole.
2. Take another conical flask with a cork having a hole.
   
3. Connect both flasks with a delivery tube.
4. Now heat the flask containing water using a burner.

What do you see? After some time, water vapour goes into the second conical flask through the delivery tube. The water vapour will slowly turn to water. This water is called a distilled water. It is free from impurities.
What do you learn? Impurities can be removed from water by distillation.

Activity – 12

Sublimation of camphor (Page No. 55)

12. How do you demonstrate the sublimation of camphor?
Answer:
Aim To understand the process of sublimation.
What you need? Mixture of camphor and powdered salt, china dish, funnel, cotton, stand burner.
What to do?

1. Take a mixture of camphor and powdered salt in a china dish and cover it with a funnel.
2. Close the tube of the funnel with cotton.
   
3. Place the dish on a stand and heat it with a burner.

What do you see? When camphor is heated, it transforms to gaseous form without changing into liquid leaving the salt powder in the dish. On reaching the cotton it cools, the gaseous form of camphor changes directly into a solid without going to the liquid state.
What do you learn? The process in which a substance changes directly from solid to gaseous form and vice-versa is called sublimation.

Activity – 13

A Chalk with different colours (Page No. 56)

13. How do you separate colour from a miture of colours?
Answer:

Aim : To separate colours from a mixture of colours (ink).
What you need?: stick of white chalk, ink, plate, water
What to do?:

1. Take a whole stick of white chalk.
2. Around the curved surface of the chalk put an ink mark with blue or black ink.
   
3. Now pour some water in a plate and keep the piece of chalk in the water.
4. Ensure that the water in the plate is very little and does not touch the ink mark.
5. Observe the colour patterns that form on the piece of chalk after some time.
6. Remove the chalk before the water reaches its top.

What do you see?: Different colours are formed around the chalk from the bottom to top.
What do you learn?: The ink appears to be made of a single colour but it is actually a mixture of many colours hidden in it. Those colours are separated by this method. It is an example of chromatography.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 8 How Fabrics are Made Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 8th Lesson How Fabrics are Made

6th Class Science 8th Lesson How Fabrics are Made Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.

1. When we burn artificial fibres it gives a ——– smell.
Answer:
Pungent
2. Fibre → ——– → Fabric.
Answer:
Yarn
3. The process of removing seeds from cotton wool is called ——–.
Answer:
ginning
4. ——– fibre is called golden fibre.
Answer:
Jute
5. An example of a natural fibre ——–.
Answer:
cotton, wool, silk

Choose the correct answer.
1. Artificial fibre is
A) Cotton
B) Wool
C) Acrylic
D) Jute
Answer:
C) Acrylic

2. An instrument for spinning
A) Needle
B) Knife
C) Spindle
D) Scissor
Answer:
C) Spindle

3. Making fabric from cotton yarn is called
A) Spinning
B) Ginning
C) Weaving
D) Cutting
Answer:
C) Weaving

4. Jute fibre is obtained from this part of a jute plant
A) Root
B) Leaves
C) Flowers
D) Stem
Answer:
D) Stem

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Name the things you find in your home that are made of different fibres.
Answer:
Shirt – Cotton
Swetter – Wool
Carry bag – Polythene
Raincoat – Pvc
Saree – Silk
Doormat – Coir
Umbrella – Pvc
Gunny bag – Jute

Question 2.
Yarn is stronger than fibre. Why?
Answer:

• The tiny strands like structures are called fibres.
• A single fibre can easily break up.
• But the yarn is a strand made up of multiple fibres.
• The number of fibres increases the thickness or fitness of yarn will increases.
• So the yarn is stronger than fibre.

Question 3.
Write differences between natural fabrics and artificial fabrics.
Answer:

Question 4.
How do you get jute yarn? Write the process.
Answer:

• Jute fibre is obtained from stem of jute plant.
• The stem of the harvested plant is cut and immersed in water for some days.
• When the stem is soaked in water it becomes rotten and easy to peel.
• Then the fibres are separated from the stem and twisted in to yarn.
• By weaving of these yarn, we can make gunny bags.

Question 5.
What will happen if a raincoat is made from cotton fabric?
Answer:

• The raincoat is fully waterproof.
  (The raincoat should allow the flow of water on it without absorbing any drop of water.
• But if the raincoat is made from cotton fabric it absorbs rainwater falling on it.

Question 6.
Make a flowchart showing the process of getting fabric from the cotton plant?
Answer:

Question 7.
Siri donated cloth bags to her schoolmates on her birthday. Why should we appreciate her?
Answer:

• Siri donated cloth bags on her birthday. This can be practised by all in the world.
• Because the polythene covers take much time to decompose and pollute the soil.
• They also (polythene covers) prevent the percolation of rainwater into the ground.
• But the cloth bags decompose easily and mixes in the soil and do not cause any harm to the environment.
• So this is a good step to protect the environment.

Question 8.
Prepare some slogans to promote using natural fibre bags instead of polythene bags.
Answer:

• Stop using plastic bags
• No Plastic – Yes Fabric
• Say no to plastic bags
• Long live earth – Not Plastic
• Be a part of the solution – Not a part of pollution
• Save our planet – use reusable bags

Activities and Projects

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 92

Question 1.
Prepare a bag using cloth. Collect pieces of fabric and make designs on your bag by using them. Display it in your school.
Answer:
The students can do this activity depending upon their skill. (Student Activity)

Question 2.
Make a scrapbook containing pictures of different types of fabric and name them.
Answer:
(Student Activity)
They can take the help of cloth shop people to identify the different fabric in naming them.

Question 3.
Discuss with your teacher or your parents and prepare a chart showing spinning mills in our state.
Answer:
The student has to collect information from internet. (Student Activity)

Question 4.
Collect news items about handloom workers and cotton growers. Analyze one news item in your own way.
Answer:
Student can do this activity depending on their skill. (Student Activity)

Question 5.
What did you do to know whether artificial fibres give a pungent smell while burning? Write the steps of your experiment.
Answer:

• Cloth pieces of different artificial fibres are taken and they are burnt one after another.
• Wool does not burn quickly.
• Fibres like Nylon. Polyester, Terylene, Rayon, when they are burnt they give out the pungent smell.
• These materials shrink while burning.

Question 6.
Observe these logos. What do they mean? Collect information about this from your school library.
Answer:

• ‘apco’ is the abbreviation of Andhra Pradesh State Handlooms Weavers Co-operative Society Limited.
  
• apco was registered in 1976.
• Co-optex is the abbreviation of the Tamilnadu Handloom Weavers Cooperative Society Limited.
• Co-optex is a pioneer marketing organization of handloom fabrics, through its network of 203 showrooms spread all over India with an annual turnover of around Rs.1000 crores established in 1935.
• The multi-hued butterfly logo is today synonymous with the quality, durability and fair trade practice of Co-Optex.

6th Class Science 8th Lesson How Fabrics are Made Activities

Activity – 1

I. List the fabric items in your house and state what type of fabric they are made of. Classify them into cotton, silk, wool, polyester, terylene, etc. (Page No. 85)
Try to enrich the list as much as you can. For identifying the fabrics, you can take the help of your elders and teachers.

Answer:

i) Which kind of fabric is mostly used in your house?
Answer:
Cotton and silk fabrics used mostly in my house.

ii) How can you identify the type of fabric?
Answer:
By touch and look, generally, we identify the type of fabric.

Activity – 2

Fibre. (Page No. 85)

2. Take a piece of fabric. With the help of a magnifying lens, observe how the fabric is. Pull out threads one by one from the fabric. Observe these threads.

i) What did you observe?
Answer:
The thread has small fine like structures.
Take one thread. Scratch its end. Observe it through a magnifying lens.

ii) Are you able to see the fine structure of the thread?
Answer:
Yes, it has fine structures.
Take a needle and try to insert this thread into the eye of the needle. Can you? Isn’t it difficult?

iii) Have you ever seen what people do to overcome this problem?
Answer:
Generally when we are not able to put a thread into the eye of the needle, either we twist the end of the thread or we wet the end using saliva.

Activity – 3

Characteristics of Fabrics. (Page No. 86)

3. Collect some natural and artificial fabrics and observe the following chara- cterstics. Record your observations in table.

Answer:

i) Which type of fabrics are smooth in nature?
Answer:
Natural fabrics are smooth in nature.

ii) Which type of fabrics dry in a short time?
Answer:
Artificial fabrics dry in a short time.

iii) Do you find any relation between smoothness and time to dry?
Answer:
Yes, the smooth clothes take less time to dry.

iv) Which fabrics give ash when they are burnt?
Answer:
Natural fabrics give ash when they are burnt.

Activity – 4

Making Cotton Yarn. (Page No. 87)

4. Collect cotton bolls from nearby houses or cotton-growing fields.

Remove seeds from the cotton bolls and separate cotton. Take a small piece of cotton; observe it using a magnifying lens or under a microscope.
Answer:
i) What do you observe?
Answer:
I observe small hairy structures. These are the fibres of cotton.

Activity – 5

Spinning Yarn. (Page No. 87)

5. Take a cotton boll and remove the seeds from it. Take some cotton in one hand and gently start pulling out cotton by using the thumb and forefinger figure.

Continuous twisting of the fiber will make yarn. Is it strong or not?
Answer:
The yarn that we make from cotton wool is not strong enough to be used for weaving. To get strong yarn from fibre an instrument is used as wheel and spindle.

Activity – 6

How is jute yarn? (Page No. 89)

6. Collect gunny bags. Pull out the threads from the bag and observe under a magnifying lens. You will see strands of yarn. Observe how the fibre looks like? Compare these fibres with cotton fibres.
Answer:
Like cotton, jute yarn is also useful in making fabric. It is also called golden fibre. Jute fabric is not the same as cotton fabric. It is harder, stronger and rougher.

Activity – 7

Mat Making. (Page No. 90)

7. Write the produce of mat making.
Answer:
Take coconut leaves or two different colour paper strips. Cut and remove the middle vein of the leaf to get two halves. Now put these strips parallel to each other. Take one more strip and insert horizontally and alternately between the vertical strips. Finally, you will get a sheet-like structure. This is the way a mat is made. In the same manner, weave a paper sheet by using paper strips.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 4 Water Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 4th Lesson Water

6th Class Science 4th Lesson Water Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.

1. The process of changing water into its vapour is called ——–.
Answer:
evaporation
2. The water cycle is also called as ——–.
Answer:
Hydrological cycle
3. No rainfall for a year or more may lead to ——– in that region.
Answer:
drought
4. Excessive rains may cause ——–.
Answer:
floods.

Choose the correct Answer.

1. The nature of sea water is
A) Salty
B) Tasteless
C) Odourless
D) Sweet
Answer:
A) Salty

2. Which of the following is not a part of water cycle?
A) Evaporation
B) Condensation
C) Rain
D) Distillation
Answer:
D) Distillation

3. Which of the following processes add water vapour to the atmosphere?
A) Solidification
B) Precipitation
C) Condensation
D) Evaporation
Answer:
D) Evaporation

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
List out the activities in our daily life where we use water.
Answer:
We need water to perform day to day activities like
a) drinking b) toilets c) bathing d) washing clothes e) for cleaning utensils

• Water is essential for the germination of seed.
• Water is used to generate electricity.
• Water is used for irrigation in the crops.
• Water is essential for our body metabolic activities.
• Water is used in many industries.

Question 2.
How are clouds formed? Explain.
Answer:

• The process of evaporation followed by condensation causes the formation of clouds.
• On a warm day, the sun heats up the water in oceans, seas, rivers, ponds etc.
• It helps the water convert to water vapour by the process of evaporation.
• When the water vapour rises up into the atmosphere it becomes cooler.
• When water vapour reaches a higher level, it condenses due to contact with cool air and forms small drops or water droplets.
• These tiny droplets remain floating in the air at higher levels of the atmosphere and appear as clouds.

Question 3.
Which of the following days is more suitable for drying of washed clothes? Explain
why. (a) Windy day (b) Cloudy day
Answer:

• A windy day is more suitable for drying washed clothes.
• In the case of a cloudy day, the amount of moisture is high. So evaporation will occur slowly.
• On a windy day, the amount of moisture in the atmosphere is less so the rate of evaporation will be higher.
• Hence, the windy air reaches the washed clothes and makes them dry.

Question 4.
Why do we experience cloud-like smoke near our mouth while we speak during the winter season?
Answer:

• In the winter season, the atmospheric temperature is less than the body temperature.
• This causes the water vapour to condense into a fog of tiny droplets of liquid water.
• So, the water vapour in the mouth cools suddenly when it reaches the outside of the mouth.
• So that we experience cloud-like smoke near our mouth while we speak during the winter season.

Question 5.
Why does the driver of a vehicle wipe the glass inside, even if the wiper is working on the outer surface of the glass when he drives in rain?
Answer:

• The outside wiper of a vehicle wipes off the rainwater.
• The coolness of the rain causes condensation of natural moisture on the inner surface of the glass.
• Due to this condensation of moisture, it makes invisibility to the driver, to drive
• To maintain the visibility through the glass the driver wipes off the glass manually.

Question 6.
What is the water cycle? Explain its main parts briefly.
Answer:
The circulation of water between the earth surface and air is called the water cycle. !t is also called the Hydrological cycle.
There are four main stages in the water cycle.

1. Evaporation: As the sun heats up the water bodies, water becomes water vapour.
2. Condensation: As the vapour rises high levels into the air it cools and forms a cloud.
3. Precipitation: When the clouds cool the water vapour it becomes water which is heavy and falls down as rain.
4. Collection and runoff: Water collects on the earth’s surface and flows into the water bodies like lakes, ponds, oceans, rivers etc.

Question 7.
Revanth blew air from his mouth onto the mirror while he was getting ready to go to school. He observed that the image in the mirror was not clear. Do you know, why? Prepare questions to get clarity.
Answer:

• Why the image in the mirror was not clear when I blow air onto the mirror?
• Which process is responsible for this?
• Does this happen in all seasons?
• In which atmospheric conditions it happens frequently?

Question 8.
If we use water in the same way what will happen in future?
Answer:

• If we use water in the same way it causes scarcity of water in future.
• We will not be able to do various activities where water is required.
• Life is not possible on earth without water.
• It also leads to global warming.
• It is very difficult to get food and fodder.

Question 9.
How can you demonstrate condensation of water by using glass, water and pieces of ice?
Answer:
Aim: To demonstrate condensation of water.
What do we need?: A glass, water, and ice cubes.
How to do?:

• Take a glass half-filled with water.
• Wipe the glass from the outside with a cloth.
• Add some ice cubes into the water.
• Wait for one or two minutes.
• Observe the changes that take place on the outer surface of the glass.

What do we see? :

• Water drops appear on the outer surface of the glass.

What we learn?:

• The cold surface of the glass cools the air around it.
• The surrounded water vapour condenses and forms water droplets on the surface of the glass.

Question 10.
Draw the diagram showing water cycle.
Answer:

Question 11.
How do you appreciate the contribution of the water cycle in making water available for various needs of plants and animals?
Answer:

• Water is the basic need of living organisms to survive.
• Water cycle is responsible for rainfall and it contributes healthy growth of crops.
• Water cycle maintains the ecological balance of earth.
• Water cycle maintains the temperature of the earth constant.
• Water is a habitat for so many plants and animals.

Question 12.
Write your suggestions to prevent water wastage.
Answer:

• Turn off taps quickly after use.
• Reuse water directly from other sources like collected rainwater.
• Switch off the water pumping motor in time to save water.
• Check all pipes and toilets for leaks and other purposes.
• Drinking water should not be used for other purposes.
• Recycle the water by separating the pollutants.
• Follow the water management techniques such as rainwater harvesting.

Question 13.
If people are suffering due to severe floods, what would you do to help them?
Answer:
If people are suffering due to severe floods, I will help them by following the ways.

• By providing food.
• By providing the drinking water.
• By providing blankets, clothing to them.
• By providing the basic needs related to sanitary hygiene and medicines.
• By providing shelter.
• By approaching individual charity institutions and non-govt, organisations to take their help.

Activities and Projects

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 44

Question 1.
Prepare a map of your village showing different water sources.
Answer:
(Student Activity)
Water sources differ from place to place. So, the student is advised to observe the water sources available in his or her area and prepare a map accordingly.

Question 2.
Make a pamphlet on “Don’t wastewater. ” Display it on wall magazine.
Answer:

• Our primary needs are air, water and food.
• We need water for many activities in our daily life.
• Water is a precious gift of nature.
• We can’t live a single day without water.
• In some areas, people are suffering from a lack of drinking water.
• Some areas are slowly becoming deserts due to lack of water.
• In some areas, people need to travel long distances to collect water.
• If water is scarce, it is very difficult to get food and fodder,
• Water is precious. Let us not waste even a single drop of water.
• We must preserve water not only for us but also for future generations.
• So don’t wastewater.

Question 3.
Collect information about water-related games and make a scrapbook.
Answer:
Water games are the games played in a body of water such as a swimming pool, pond, lake, river or sea.
Following are some water-related games.

1. Swimming
   
2. Jumping into water from a height
   
3. Boat competitions
   
4. Diving
   
5. Water polo
   
6. Surfing
   
7. Yachting
   

Question 4.
Justify the statement “droughts and floods are a result of actions made by man. ” Investigate your reasons.
Answer:

• Droughts and floods are a result of the actions of man.
• This is due to deforestation, wastage of water in huge amount, drilling of several borewells.
• Pollution from factories causes global warming.
• Global warming disturbs the water cycle and causes either less rainfall or too much rainfall.
• Due to the human activities mainly destroying the vegetation, causes no rain for a long period results in drought.
• In the same way human being clears the vegetation when the rain falls in that region the excess water will overflow results floods.
• Hence, we can say that droughts and floods are the results of the action of man.

Question 5.
Conduct a seminar on drought control activities.
Answer:

• If there is no rain for a long period, it may cause drought.
• It creates a water shortage that damage crops, livestock and the environment.
• To control drought, we have to follow the given activities.
  • We should control the emission of gases which causes pollution.
  • Control deforestation and encourage forestation.
  • We should promote water conservation techniques.
  • Wastewater treatment should be implemented.
  • We should follow wastewater recycling, desert landscaping.
  • We should use water judiciously to prevent water scarcity.
  • We should follow the water conservation methods.

Question 6.
Collect information from your grandparents and their experiences about the drought they experienced.
Answer:
The student is advised to collect the information from his/her grandparents and their experiences about the drought.

Activity – 1

Water and its uses: (Page No. 33)

1. Arjun used buckets of water to bathe and to wash his clothes. He said that he had used four buckets of water. Answer the following questions.
i) Is bucket a measure of the volume of water used?
Answer:
No. a Bucket is not a measure of the volume of water used.
ii) How do we measure the volume of water?
Answer:
We measure the volume of water by using the shape of the vessel containing the water.
iii) Do you know any specific unit of measurement of volume?
Answer:
Yes. Water and other liquids have a specific unit to measure the volume in litres.

Activity – 2

How much water do we use daily? (Page No. 33 & 34)
Can you estimate how much water your family uses in a day? Record your estimates in a table. How you could reduce the amount of water and write how much water can you save?
Answer:

Answer (the following questions from the observations and data collected by you.
a) Approximate quantity of water used per day by a person …………………
b) Number of people in the colony/village etc. …………………..
c) Approximate quantity of water used per day in the colony/village etc.
d) Approximate quantity of water used per month in the colony/village.
e) Approximate quantity of water per year in the colony/village etc.
f) Imagine how much water is needed across the world!
Answer:
a) Approximate quantity of water used per day by a person = 182 litres
b) Number of people in the colony/village etc.
= 100 people in the colony = 5000 people in the village
c) Approximate quantity of water used per day in the colony/village.
i) In the colony = 100 x 182 = 18200 litres
ii) In the village = 5000 x 182 = 910000 litres.
d) Approximate quantity of water used per month in the colony/village.
i) In the colony = 18200 x 30 = 546000 litres.
ii) in the village = 910000 x 30 = 27300000 litres.
e) You can calculate in a similar way for the quantity of water used per year in the colony/village.
f) Same procedure is adopted to imagine the water needed across the world.

Activity – 3

How is a well dug? (Page No. 34)

3. Collect information from elders in the village about the level of water in the wells over the years and answer the following questions.
i) Is the water level constant or has it changed?
Answer:
No. The water level is not constant, in the rainy season the water level in the good increases. In the summer season, the water level decreases.

ii) How was the well dug?
Answer:

• The place where the well is to be dug is selected first.
• Workers using crowbars and spades begin to remove the soil at that place.
• The process of digging continues till the water in the underground fills in this well.
• The level of water in the well goes down in the summer as the water table in the groundwater goes down.

iii) Have you seen a bore well being dug? Write the process.
Answer:

• A bore well is a deep, narrow hole drilled into the ground.
• Water is drawn through a pipe and pump.
• The depth to be drilled should be at least 40 metres.
• Borewells are typically small in diameter ranging from 4.5-12 inches.

Activity – 4

4. i) Can you convert water into ice? Explain what should we do. (Page No. 35)
Answer:
Yes. We can convert water into ice.
Fill the ice cube box with water and kept it in the refrigerator for some time. After some time, the water converts into ice.
ii) What happens if ice is kept in the open air?
Answer:
If we kept ice in the open air it melts and converts into water.
iii) What happens when water is heated?
Answer:
When we heat water, it turns into water vapour.

Activity – 5

5. i) Spread a piece of wet cloth in the sunlight. Observe after some time. Where has the water in the wet cloth gone? (Page No. 36)
Answer:
The water in the wet cloth evaporates into the atmosphere due to the heat of the sun.
ii) Does the water in wet clothes dry up only due to sunlight or due to other reasons?
Answer:
The water in the wet clothes dry up not only due to sunlight but also wind.
iii) Where does this water go after drying up?
Answer:
The water is heated by sunlight, it gets converted to vapour and mixes with the air.
iv) Where does this water vapour go after evaporation?
Answer:
The water vapour which enters into the air through the process of evaporation forms clouds in the sky.

Activity – 6

6. Take some water in a glass. Add a piece of ice to it. Observe for a few minutes. Answer the following questions.
i) What changes do you observe on the outer surface of the glass? (Page No. 37)
Answer:
We observed the formation of small drops of water on the outer surface of the glass.
ii) Why are these drops formed?
Answer:
The water vapour which surrounds the glass gets condensed due to the low temperature of the glass outer surface.
iii) Do they form if there is no ice in the glass?
Answer:
No. It does not form any water drops if there is no ice in the glass.

Activity – 7

Drought & Water Scarcity. (Page No. 40)
7. i) What will happen if rainfall this year is less than last year?
Answer:
If rainfall this year is less than last year, it may cause less production of crop yield, depletion of water levels, water scarcity and the atmospheric temperature raises.

ii) What would happen if there was no rainfall for five years?
Answer:

• If there was no rainfall for five years its cause drought.
• All the water sources are dried up.
• There will be no vegetation, animals die due to lack of fodder.
• The soil will be getting dried and cracked.
• Drinking water scarce.

iii) What could be the possible reason for water scarcity in a particular place?
Answer:

• Water scarcity may be caused by climate change due to deforestation and pollution from industries.
• Less amount of rainfall for so many years leads to water scarcity.

iv) What problems can rise due to water scarcity in a particular place?
Answer:

• It is very difficult to get food and fodder.
• Drinking water is scarce.
• People need to travel long distances to collect water.
• Soil becomes dry, agriculture and cultivation become difficult.
• People migrate to other places in search of jobs.

Activity – 8

8. Drought affects our life: (Page No. 41)
Read the letter and answer the following questions.
Dear Firoz,
I hope you are fine there. Nowadays, we are facing severe problems due to drought. For the last five years, we have no rains. All our fields have dried and there are cracks in them’ We fail to grow any crop. My father invested money on bore wells with no results. Now we get water, after a great struggle from the bore-well which is five kilometres from our village. The days have become very bad. Several people have sold their cattle and migrated to Hyderabad and Bengaluru. My family also wants to do so. I request you to ask your parents to search for a job for my father at your place. My father may have been a well-known, rich farmer here but he is willing to do any kind of job there.

Your loving friend
Ramanna

i) What problems did Ramanna face?
Answer:

• Ramanna faced severe problems due to drought.
• Fields are dried and cannot grow a crop.
• Borewells are dried and water scarcity is there.
• People collect water from far away to their village.
• People are migrated to cities to search a job.

ii) How can Firoz help him?
Answer:
Firoz father can search a job for Ramanna’s father to escape from the crucial drought conditions.

iii) What will happen if a farmer grows a crop that required more water in drought-prone districts?
If a farmer grows a crop that required more water in a drought area,

• It leads to water scarcity.
• it increases the investment of the crop.
• it reduces the groundwater level.
• it makes it more expensive to dig deep wells.
• moreover, it is a hot condition so the crops do not give a good yield.

iv) What will happen to the source of groundwater when we constantly dug several bore wells?

• The groundwater level is decreased more and more.
• To get the water farmers to need to dig deep bore wells which are expensive.
• If it continues for some time the bore wells will be dried up.

Activity – 9

Floods a natural hazard. (Page No. 33)
Observe the picture and answer the following questions.

i) What does the picture tell us?
Answer:
It tells us about the floods.

ii) Does excessive rainfall in certain areas of our country lead to such a condition?
Answer:
Yes. Recently we saw this situation in Madras, Kerala and Mumbai.

iii) Are there any reasons that can lead to this situation?
Answer:
Climatic changes, pollution, deforestation, El Nino etc. are some factors for this situation.

iv) Have you ever faced or heard about the flood? Write about your experiences.
Answer:
Yes. I heard about the floods named Hud hud in 2014 and Tithli in 2018.

• A powerful Titli cyclone tore into coastal areas of Odisha and Andhra Pradesh with winds of up to 150 km/h.
• About 3 lakh people have been evacuated from low lying districts in Odisha.
• Roads are blocked and power supply has been lost in many areas.
• There is a shortage of drinking water in many areas.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 The Food we Need Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 1st Lesson The Food we Need

6th Class Science 1st Lesson The Food we Need Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.

1. Salt is obtained from …………..
Answer:
seawater.
2. The materials which are required to prepare food are known as …………..
Answer:
ingredients.
3. We use ………….. to preserve food for some time.
Answer:
preservatives.
4. Eating foods after the expiry date may damage our …………..
Answer:
health.

Choose the correct answer.

1. The method of preparing idly is
A) Roasting
B) Fermentation
C) Steaming
D) Boiling
Answer:
C) Steaming

2. The source of sugar is
A) Plant
B) Animal
C) Sea
D) All of these
Answer:
A) Plant

Matching.
Group-A                                           Group-B
A) Raagulu             ( )                   1. Pearl millet
B) Sajjalu                ( )                   2. Proso millet
G) Jonnalu             ( )                   3. Foxtail millet
D) Korralu              ( )                    4. Finger millet
E) Samalu               ( )                   5. Great millet
Answer:
Group-A                                              Group-B
A) Raagulu             ( 4 )                   1. Pearl millet
B) Sajjalu                ( 1 )                   2. Proso millet
G) Jonnalu             ( 5 )                   3. Foxtail millet
D) Korralu              ( 3 )                    4. Finger millet
E) Samalu               ( 2 )                   5. Great millet

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Write some: examples of animal and plant materials.
Answer:
Plant food materials: Grains, cereals, vegetables, leafy vegetables and fruits.
Animal food materials: Meat, egg, milk and honey.

Question 2.
Find out the ingredients of the given food items.
a) Potato curry
b) Coconut chutney
c) Gulab jamun
d) Pongal
Answer:

Question 3.
How does food get spoilt? Write its effects on human health.
Answer:

• If the food is not preserved properly, it can be attacked by germs and get spoiled.
• Eating of such spoiled food causes food poison.
• Eating such poisonous food causes abdominal pain, diarrhoea, vomiting, etc.
• And sometimes it also leads to death.

Question 4.
If you have a chance to meet a chef, what questions you will ask about preparing tasty food?
Answer:

• What is the cheapest and healthiest food to eat?
• When you are preparing the food, are you add colours to it?
• Which ingredients do you add to give an extra flavour to the food?
• In the preparation of sweets which ingredients are preferred to add taste to it?

Question 5.
Write down the process of making any food item, which you like.
Answer:

• I like the food item vegetable rice.
• Ingredients required for vegetable rice: Rice, onion, tomato, green peas, carrot, cinnamon cloves, turmeric powder, garam masala powder, chilli powder, coriander leaves, oil, ghee, salt and water.

Procedure:

• Wash rice and soak it for 10 to 15 minutes.
• Place a cooker on the flame. Pour two spoons of ghee and oil in it.
• Add cinnamon, clove and onion and heat it until it turns brown.
• Add chopped tomato, green peas, and carrot.
• Stir-and fry them for two or three minutes.
• Add soaked rice, garam masala powder, turmeric powder red chilli powder and salt.
• Stir and fry them for 2 or 3 minutes.
• Add 1 or 2 cup of water and mix well.
• Close the cooker with lid and cook over medium flame for 2 whistles.
• Turn off the flame. Let it cool at room temperature.
• Open the lid carefully and transfer it to a serving bowl and garnish with fresh coriander leaves.

Question 6.
Draw some fruits and vegetable diagrams which you like.
Answer:
Student Activity

Question 7.
Prepare slogans on “Wastage of Food”.
Answer:

• Food is precious – Don’t waste food.
• Think for those who are hungry before throwing your food into the dustbin.
• Conserve food so that no one dies out of hunger.
• Today’s wastage is tomorrow’s shortage.

Question 8.
Suppose fish / raw mango/lemons are given to you, how would you preserve them?
Answer:

6th Class Science 1st Lesson The Food we Need InText Questions and Answers

Think and Discuss

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 9

Question 1.
Now a days, we see lot of food getting wasted in all places. Food wastage is happening in our houses, schools and other places (Hostels, Hotels…etc,.) on daily and special occasions. What are the ways to avoid wastage of food ? Discuss with your teacher.
Answer:

1. We should use up the left over food in the next day.
2. By preparing sufficient quantities of food during functions and marriages.
3. We should read the labels of the food products to know the date of manufacture and expiry.
4. Be quickly on fruits and vegetables.

Question 2.
Does everyone around you get enough food to eat? If not, why?
Answer:

1. No. So many people are not getting enough food to live.
2. Food is not produced enough to meet the needs of overgrowing population.
3. Many people are ignoring the importance of food. They are wasting the food by cooking in large quantities and throwing away during functions even in our day to day life.
4. Food is very precious – Don’t waste it.

Activities and Projects

Question 1.
Collect any wrapper of packaged food. Read the information in detail and answer the following questions.
a) When was it manufactured and how long can we use it?
b) What ingredients does it contain? name them.
Answer:
a) Name of the packaged food: Britannia 50 : 50
Date of manufacturing: 19 April 2020
How long can we use it: Best before six months from packaging
b) Ingredients it contained:

Question 2.
List out the names of some plants that grow in your village. Which parts of it are used as food?
Answer:

Question 3.
With the help of your teacher form groups of 5 or 6 students of your class. Make a fruit chat or vegetable salad and eat it. How did you feel? Write few lines about your experience.
Answer:

• With the help of our teacher all of our classmates were divided into 5 groups.
• To make a fruit salad we collected fruits like papaya, grapes, pineapple, mangoes, apple, banana and orange.
• We chopped all the fruits and mixed them in a bowl.
• We added Honey and fresh orange juice and lemon juice two or three spoons to the mixed fruits.
• Now all the contents are mixed well with spoon.
• Our friends tasted the fruit salad.
• We felt very tasty as its mixture of different fruits pieces.
• The taste of salad is sweet, sour and juicy.

Question 4.
Find out from your parents about the various methods of preserving food and write notes on it.
Answer:
I collected the different methods of preserving food from my parents, as given below.

• Food preservation prevents the growth of the microorganisms which causes food spoilage.
• More processes designed to preserve food involve more than one food preservation method.
• Preserving fruit by turning into jam, involves boiling to reduce the moisture in the
  fruits and sugaring to prevent re-growth of organisms and canning to prevent contamination in air tight jar.

Question 5.
Collect information about the main food habits of different states of India. Refer in your school, library books and discuss with your teacher and write a report on it.
Answer:
People of different states in India have different types of food habits because of different climatic and geographical conditions, and natural vegetation.

Question 6.
Collect information regarding ‘our traditional food’ from your grandparents.
Answer:

• The cooking is very diverse due to the vast spread of the people and varied tropical regions in A.P.
• Rice, Dal, Tomato, Gongura, and Tamarind are largely used for cooking curries.
• Spicy and hot varieties such as pickles form an important part of Telugu cuisine.
• Different communities have their own variations and the rural areas still follow the centuries-old cooking habits and recipes.
• Idly, dosa, poori and curd rice with onion is the famous varieties as the breakfast dishes.
• Broad varieties of pickles are used for preserving some of the vegetables and fruits throughout the year.
• Pakodi, janthikalu, pea snacks (guggillu), bajji are used as snacks.
• Sweets and savories form an important part of Telugu culture made on festive and auspicious occasions.

6th Class Science 1st Lesson The Food we Need Activities

Activity – 1

1. Look at the following food items in the stall: (Page No. 2)

Write the names of the above food items in the table given below.

Answer:

Activity – 2

What did we eat? (Page No. 3)

2. What did you eat Yesterday? Make a list. Ask your classmates what they ate yesterday and write in the table.

Answer:
Yes. Yesterday I ate the following items.
a) Breakfast – Milk and egg
b) Lunch – Rice, Dal, Brinjal curry, Rasam, curd
c) Evening – Biscuits and fruits
d) Dinner- Rice, potato curry, curd.

i) Did all the students eat the same type of food?
Answer:
No. The students did not eat the same type of food.
ii) Are there any common food items in the above list?
Answer:
Yes. Rice, dal, egg, milk, vegetables, curd are the common food items in the above list.
iii) Prepare menu chart of the food served for a week during mid-day meal in your school?

We take different types of food every day. But some food items like rice, dal and vegetables are common. On special occasions, we eat a variety of food items. What are the food items made of?
Answer:
On special occasions we eat a variety of food items. They are Pulihora, Pongal, Payasam, Garelu, Poornalu, Daddhojanam, Vundarallu. Pulagannam, etc.

Activity – 3

Food Ingredients. (Page No. 4)

3. List out some food items and mention the ingredients required to prepare them in the table given below.

Answer:

a) Some food items and its ingredients have been listed below. Write the source of each ingredient in table. (Page No. 5)

Answer:

b) Write the names of the edible parts of the plant in the table – 5.  (Page No. 6)

Answer:

i) Which part of the plants do we generally eat?
Answer:
Leaves, roots, seeds and fruits of plants are generally we eat. Stems and flowers are not so widely used.

ii) Do we also use flowers as food?
Answer:
Yes, we use flowers as food. Banana flower, Cauliflower, etc.

c) Write the food items opposite to each of the process in the table – 6.  (Page No. 7)

Answer:

Activity – 4

Preparation of Upma. (Page No. 7)

Aim: To prepare upma
What yoy need (Ingredients): Upma rawa, onion, green chillies, oil, tomato, salt, water, mustard seeds, curry leaves, pan, etc.
What to do? (Procedure):

• Chop the clean vegetables into pieces.
• Place a pan on the flame.
• Pour 3 spoons of oil and add mustard seeds, onions, chillies, chopped vegetables and fry them.
• Pour sufficient water and add salt to it.
• Let it boil for sometime.

Then add rawa when the water gets boiled. Stir it well.
What do you see? (Observation) :After a few minutes it becomes thick, the tasty upma is ready.
What do you learn? Using different ingredients, we can make tasty upma.

i) Preparation of Tomato Curry:
Answer:

1. Clean all the vegetables in water and chop them into pieces.
2. Place a pan on a flame.
3. Pour three spoons of oil. When oil becomes hot, put one spoon full of mustard, black gram and jeera.
4. Then add green and red chilli pieces and put a pinch of turmeric powder.
5. Half a minute later add pieces of onion and tomato.
6. Then add some salt and close the lid. After five minutes the curry is ready.

Activity – 5

Let us store food. (Page No. 8)

5. Ask your parents the other ways of preserving the food follow and fill the table given below.

Answer:

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Let us Measure Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Solutions 7th Lesson Let us Measure

6th Class Science 7th Lesson Let us Measure Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Fill in the Blanks.
1. Millimetre is a unit for measuring ——–.
A. length
2. For measuring long distances we use ——– as a unit.
A. kilometre
3. The measure of the extent of a plane surface occupied by an object is called ——–.
A. area

Choose the Correct Answer.
1. The smallest distance that you can measure with a centimetre scale is [ B ]
A) Centimetre
B) Millimetre
C) Metre
D) Micro Metre
Answer:
B) Millimetre

2. Volume of solids is measured in [ C ]
A) Metres
B) Square Metres
C) Cubic Metres
D) Centimetres
Answer:
C) Cubic Metres

3. this is used to measure the area of a irregular plane surface [ B ]
A) Thread
B) Graph paper
C) Measuring Cylinder
D) Scale
Answer:
B) Graph paper

Answer the Following Questions.
1. A school hall measures 20 m in length and 15 m in breadth. Find its area.
Answer:
The length of hall (L) = 20 m
The breadth of hall (B) = 15 m
The area of hall = l × b
= 20 m × 15 m = 300 m² = 300 sq. m.

2. Ramu’s father had a rectangular plot of length 60 ft. and breadth 50 ft. He built a house occupyinglength 40 ft. ofthepoltand breadth 40 ft. and in the remaining area he planted a garden. Can you help Ramu to find out the area of his garden?
Answer:
The Area of Rectangular plot A = L1 × B1 Here L1 = 60ft, B1 = 50ft
A1 = L1 × B1 = 60ft × 50ft = 3000 square feet.
The Area of house A2 = L2 × B2 Here L2 = 40ft, B2 = 40ft A2 = L2 × B2 = 40ft × 40ft = 1600 square feet
The remaining area A3 = A1 – A2 = 3000 – 1600 = 1400s feet A3 = 14 × B2 = 40ft × 40ft = 1600 square feet
The remaining area A3 = A1 – A2 = 3000 – 1600 = 1400s feet A3 = 1400 Square feet.
So the area planned for garden = 1400 square feet.

3. What questions do you ask a mason to know how he is taking measurements while constructing the building?
Answer:

• What is the instrument used to measure the length and breadth of an area?
• How many bricks we need to build a wall?
• How much cement and sand we have to mix to prepare concrete?
• What is the instrument used to break the bricks?

4. How can you measure the thickness of a metal wire? Explain?
Answer:

• Take a metal wire and a pencil.
• Coil the metal wire around the pencil.
• Now measure the length of metal wire by using a scale.
• Divide this with coils of metal wire around pencil. Then we get the thickness of a metal wire.

5. How can you measure the length of a banana? Explain?
Answer:

• The length of a banana can measure by a common scale.
• Take a 30 cm long scale.
• Keep the banana on a scale, and note the two ends on scale.
• Remove banana and count the centimeters.

6. How can you measure the area of your palm using graph paper? Explain.
Answer:

• Take a graph paper and place your hand on it.
• Draw an outline of your palm by using a pencil.
• Remove your hand and you can find an outline of your hand on the graph paper.
• Now count the number of complete squares inside the boundary of palm:
• Then count the squares which are half or greater than half as a full square.
• The squares which are less than half are to be neglected on graph papers.
• If there are ‘n’ squares in the boundary, then the area of palm becomes ‘n’ cm²
• This process gives us the value of area of a palm.

7. A carpenter who makes wooden furniture, needs accuracy in measurements. Do you ever notice how he measures? How would you appreciate him?
Answer:

• The carpenters takes measurements with a metal tape.
• He takes measurements very accurately and nearest to a millimeters.
• As he is a practical worker he has to take correct measurment. If any wrong measure-ment is taken it will affect the furniture that he is making.
• So the carpenters put his mind and concentration on the measurements as his quality of work depends on these measurements.
• Otherwise it will be loss of time and money.

8. The distance between numbers in a clock is accurately the same. List out the things that you observe in your surroundings with accurate distance between them.
Answer:

• The distance between the kilometer stones on the road is same.
• The radius between front and back wheels of cycles, scooters is exactly same.
• The distance between wings of fan is also same etc.

Activities and Projects

6th Class Science Textbook Page No. 82

Question 1.
Measure the volume of “Kalakanda ” (sugar crystal) and piece of “Patika ” (alum). Record your measurements.
Answer:

• The volume of Kalakanda and Patika are measured by taking kerosene in the measuring cylinder.
• The measurements are recorded in the table.
  

  Name of the Student	Volume of Kalakanda	Volume of Patika
  RAMESH	30 CC	40 CC
  VENKAT	28.5 CC	42.1 CC
  GEETHA	27.6 CC	41.8 CC
  SHAHEENA	25.1 CC	42.7 CC

• All the volumes of Kalakanda measured by students are not equal.
• All the volumes of Patika measured by the students are not equal.
  There is parallax error in observing the readings by the students. So there is small variation in their readings.

Question 2.
Make a visit to panchayat office and collect information how VRO measures areas of agricultural lands in your village. Prepare a questionnaire for this.
Answer:

• Areas of agricultural lands are not measured with the measuring instruments known to us.
• They use chains and the measurement is made in links.
• As the measurements involves large distance, VRO uses chains to measure.

QUESTIONNAIRE:

• Why do not you use tape for measurement?
• What is the advantage of using a chain?
•  Do you get accurate measurement with chain?
• Can we use meter scale to measure the length of a place?
• How many links we need to measure 1 acre of land?

Question 3.
Collect any invitation card with envelope. Find out the difference between measurements of card and cover. Write down the process that you follow.
Answer:

• 1. Measurements of covers:
  Length of cover L1 = 25 cm; Breadth of cover B1 = 20 cm
• 2. Measurements of card:
  Length of card L2 = 23 cm; Breadth of card B2 = 17 cm
• The lengths and breadths of cover and card are measured with the scale.
• The card suitable fits in the cover.

Question 4.
Try to imagine the area of CD, sim card, the mobile phone then find out the area of the above by using graph paper. Compare the values of your guess with graph paper measurement. Which thing is closely related to your guess?
Answer:
Student Activity.

6th Class Science 7th Lesson Let us Measure Activities

Activity – 1

Measuring Lengths. (Page No. 71)

1. Measure the length of one side of a table using your hand-span (Fig. ).

Ask your classmates to do the same. Record the length of the table in terms of a number of handspans in the given table:

i) Do all of you get the same number of handspans for the length of the table?
Answer:
No. I got different number of hand-spans for the length of the table.

ii) Who got more number of hand-spans?
Answer:
David got more number of hand-spans.

iii) Why is there a difference in number of hand spans, though you measured the same table?
Answer:

1. Hand spans size is differ from person to person and also from child’s to adults.
2. The students who have little hand spans take more number in measurements.

iv) Now find the length of your classroom using your foot-span. Enter your observations in terms of number of foot-spans in the given table:
Answer:

v) Is the number of foot-spans same when different students measure the length of the same classroom?
Answer:
No, foot spans are different.

vi) Who got the most number of foot spans? Why?
Answer:
Pavan got more number of foot spans, because whose foot span are little, so, he got more number of foot spans.

vii) Who got the least number of foot spans? Why?
Answer:
Sai Ram got least number of foot spans because he has long foot span.

Activity – 2

2. How do you measure the height of your classmate using a meter scale? (Page No. 74)
Answer:
Ask your classmate to stand with his/her back against a wall.
Make a mark on the wall exactly above his/her head.
Now measure the distance, from the floor to this mark on the wall, with a scale.
Let all other students measure this length in a similar way. Record your observations in your notebook.
i) Study carefully the measurements reported by different students. Do you all have the same readings of measurements?
Answer:
No, the measurements are different.

ii) If not, what could be the reason for the differences?
Answer:
Though the measurement was done using a standard scale, results may be close to each other but not exactly equal. The difference in reading is due to some errors in measurement.

Activity – 3

3. How do you measure the thickness of coins? (Page No. 76)
Answer:

• Take about 10 one rupee coins of the same size and place them one upon the other as shown in the figure.
  
• Measure the total thickness with a scale and then divide it by the number of coins to get the thickness of one coin.

Activity – 4

4. How do you find the length of a curved path? (Page No. 76)
Answer:

• Fix pins at the ends of curved line to be measured as shown in figure.
  
• Now tie a knot with cotton thread at the first point ‘A of the pin A and move the cotton thread along with points B, C, D, E etc.
• Care should be taken that the thread is neither too tight nor too lose and see that the thread coincides with the curve at each point while moving along the path.
• When the thread reaches the extreme end of the curved path cut it at that point.
• Remove the thread from A and then place it straight along the length of a meter scale and measure its length.
• The length of the thread is the measure of the length of the curved path.

Activity – 5

5. Can you decide which is the bigger and which is the smaller sheet by observing them? If not, what method do you adopt to decide the bigger one or smaller one? (Page No. 76)
Answer:

• Take two sheets of A4 paper and cut them in the shapes of shown in Figure.
  
• Now take some empty matchboxes of equal size and keep them on the sheet.
• Starting from one corner of the sheet, count how many matchboxes are needed to cover the entire surface of the sheet.
• Similarly repeat the process for the second sheet also and record the findings in your notebooks.
• Which sheet needs more number of matchboxes? Which is bigger in size?
• You may find that one of the sheets needs more number of matchboxes which shows that one sheet is bigger in size than the other.
• Thus, we need to measure the surface of an object to decide whether it is bigger or smaller.
• Area is the measure of the extent of plane surface occupied by an object.
• With this activity, a matchbox is taken as a unit to measure area but it is not a standard unit. We need a standard unit to measure the area.

Activity – 6

Measurement of irregular plane surface: (Page No. 78)

6. How do you find the area of an irregular plane surface (a leaf)?
Answer:

• Let us find out the area of a surface, say a banana peel or a leaf, which has an irregular shape.
• Place the leaf on graph paper. Mark the boundary of the piece of leaf on the graph paper with a pencil.
• Now remove the leaf to find the outline or boundary of the leaf on graph paper.
• Count the number of complete squares (each of 1 cm² area) inside the boundary.
• Also count those squares, inside the boundary, which are half or greater than half. Add this to the number of complete squares.
• This total number of squares inside the boundary gives the area of the leaf. If there are ‘n’ squares inside the boundary, the area of the leaf becomes n cm².
• Neglect those squares, inside the boundary, which are less than half.
• This process will gives us the value of area which is close to the actual area.

Activity – 7

7. How do you measure the volume of irregular solids using a measuring cylinder? (Page No. 80)
Answer:

• Take a measuring cylinder and fill almost half of it with water.
  Record the volume of water.
• Let us assume it is “a” cm³ (or “a” ml).
  
• Now tie a small irregular solid (stone) with a fine cotton thread.
• Put the solid gently into the water in the cylinder so that it is completely immersed in water.
• We notice that the level of water in the measuring cylinder rises as the stone displaces water equal to its own volume.
• Record the new volume of water. Let us assume that it is “b” ml.
• Now the volume of stone will be the difference between the second volume and the first volume i.e volume of the stone = (b – a) cm³.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 12 Data Handling Unit Exercise Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Maths Solutions 12th Lesson Handling Unit Exercise

Question 1.
Given below are the ages of 20 Students of Class VI in a School.
i) Organise the data and represent in the form of a frequency distribution table using tally marks.
ii) Find out the age having more number of students.
iii) How many students are there in 10 Years age?
iv) Find out No. of Students who are having more age.
13, 10, 11, 12, 10, 11, 11, 13, 12, 11
10, 11, 12,11, 13, 11, 10, 13, 10, 12
Solution:
i)

ii) More number of students have 11 years age.
iii) 5 students are there in 10 years age.
iv) 7 students having more age.

Question 2.
A dice was thrown 30 times and following scores were obtained

i) Prepare a frequency table of the scores.
ii) Which number obtained more times?
iii) How many times was a score greater than 4 obtained,
iv) Find the total number of times an odd number obtained.
Solution:

ii) 2 and 3 numbers obtained more times.
iii) Total numbers of times obtained greater than 4 are 22,
iv) Two times an odd number is obtained.

Question 3.
Following is the data regarding pass percentage of students in different classes.

Draw a vertical bar graph to represent the above data.
Solution:

Bar graph showing pass percentage of different classes from VI to X.

Steps of construction:

1. Draw two mutually perpendicular lines on a graph sheet – one horizontal (X-axis) and one vertical (Y-axis) mark. Number of class on the X-axis and their pass percentage on the Y-axis.
2. Take the 10 as scale on the Y-axis i.e., 1 cm = 10%
3. Calculate the lengths or heights of the bars by dividing the pass percentage with the scale.
   Class VI = 65 ÷ 10 = 6.5 cm
   Class VII = 75 ÷ 10 = 7.5 cm
   Class VIII = 85 ÷ 10 = 8.5 cm
   Class IX = 60 ÷ 10 = 6 cm
   Class X = 80 ÷ 10 = 8 cm
4. Draw rectangular vertical bars of same width (I cm) on the X-axis with their calculated heights.
   Hence, required vertical bar graph was constructed.

Question 4.
The number of Mathematics books sold by a shopkeeper on Six consecutive days is shown below.

Draw a Horizontal Bar graph to represent the above data.
Solution:

Bar graph showing the percentage of books sold In a week days.

Steps of construction:

1. Draw two mutually perpendicular lines on a graph sheet – one horizontal (X-axis) and one vertical (Y-axis).
2. Mark name of the day on the Y-axis and the number of books sold on the X-axis.
3. Take the 10 as scale on the X-axis i.e., 1cm = 5 books.
   On Monday = 65 ÷ 5 = 13 cm
   On Wednesday = 30 ÷ 5 = 6 cm
   On Friday = 70 ÷ 5 = 14 cm
   On Tuesday = 40 ÷ 5 = 8 cm
   On Thursday = 50 ÷ 5 = 10 cm
   On Saturday = 20 ÷ 5 = 4 cm
4. Calculate the lengths of the bars by dividing the number of books with the scale.
5. Draw rectangular horizontal bars of same width (1cm) on the Y-axis with their calculated lengths.
   Hence, required horizontal bar graph was constructed.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 12 Data Handling Ex 12.3 Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Maths Solutions 12th Lesson Data Handling Ex 12.3

Question 1.
The life spans of some animals are given below:
Bear – 40 years, Camel – 50 years, Cat – 25 years, Donkey – 45 years, Goat -15 years, Horse -10 years, Elephant – 70 years.
Draw a horizontal bar graph to represent the data.
Solution:

Steps of construction:

1. Draw two mutually perpendicular lines on a graph sheet – one horizontal (X-axis) and one vertical (Y – axis).
2. Mark name of the animal on the Y-axis and their life span (Number of years) on the X-axis.
3. Take the GCD or HCF of given numbers as scale on the X-axis i.e., 1cm = 5 years.
4. Calculate lengths or heights of the bars by dividing the life spans with the scale :
   Bear = 40 ÷ 5 = 8 cm; Camel = 50 ÷ 5 = 10 cm
   Cat = 25 ÷ 5 = 5 cm; Donkey = 45 ÷ 5 = 9 cm
   Goat = 15 ÷ 5 = 3 cm; Horse = 10 ÷ 5 = 2 cm
   Elephant = 70 ÷ 5 = 14 cm
5. Draw rectangular horizontal bars of same width (1cm) on the Y-axis with their calculated heights.
   Hence, required horizontal bar graph was constructed.

Question 2.
Travelling time from Hyderabad to Thirupathi by different means of transport are- Car – 8 hours, Bus – 15 hours, Train – 12 hours, Aeroplane – 1 hour. Represent the information using a bar diagram.
Solution:

Bar graph showing travel time by different vehicles from Hyderabad to Tirupathi.

Steps of construction :

1. Draw two mutually perpendicular lines on a graph sheet – one horizontal (X-axis) and one vertical (Y-axis).
2. Mark name of the vehicle on the X-axis and their travelling time (Number of hours) on the Y-axis.
3. Take the 2 as scale on the Y-axis i.e., 1 cm = 2 hours.
4. Calculate lengths or heights of the bars by dividing the travelling time with the scale.
   Car = 8 ÷ 2 = 4 cm
   Bus = 15 ÷ 2 = 7.5 cm
   Train = 12 ÷ 2 = 6 cm
   Aeroplane = 1 ÷ 2 = 0.5 cm
5. Draw rectangular vertical bars of same width (1cm) on the X-axis, with their calculated heights.
   Hence, required vertical bar graph was constructed.

Question 3.
A survey of 120 school students was conducted to find which activity they prefer to do in their free time.

Draw a bar graph to illustrate the above data.
Solution:

Bar graph showing the students can prefer to do Activities in free time.

Steps of construction :

1. Draw two mutually perpendicular lines on a graph sheet – one horizontal (X-axis) and one vertical (Y-axis).
2. Mark name of the activity on the X-axis and the number of students on the Y-axis.
3. Take the 5 as scale on the Y-axis i.e., 1cm = 5 students.
4. Calculate length or heights of the bars by dividing the number of students-with the scale.
   Playing = 25 ÷ 5 = 5 cm
   Reading story books = 10 ÷ 5 = 2 cm
   Watching TV = 40 ÷ 5 = 8 cm
   Listening to music = 10 ÷ 5 = 2 cm
   Painting = 15 ÷ 5 = 3 cm
5. Draw rectangular vertical bars of same width (1cm) on the X-axis with their calculated heights.
   Hence, required vertical bar graph was constructed.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 12 Data Handling Ex 12.2 Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Maths Solutions 12th Lesson Data Handling Ex 12.2

Question 1.
The number of wrist watches as manufactured by a factory in a week are as fallows.

Represent the data using a pictograph. Choose a suitable scale.
Solution:
GCD of the given numbers is 25.
So, Scale : 1 watch symbol = 25 watches.

Note:
To represent 300 watches. \(\frac{300}{25}\) = 12 symbols.
To represent 350 watches, \(\frac{350}{25}\) = 14 symbols.
To represent 250 watches, \(\frac{250}{25}\) = 10 symbols.
To represent 400 watches, \(\frac{400}{25}\) = 16 symbols.
To represent 400 watches, \(\frac{300}{25}\) = 12 symbols.
To represent 400 watches, \(\frac{275}{25}\) = 11 symbols.

Question 2.
Votes polled for various candidates in a Sarpanch election are shown below, against their symbols in the following table.

Represent the data using a pictograph. Choose a suitable scale. Answer the following questions:
(i) Which symbol got least votes?
(ii) Which symbol candidate won in the election?
Solution:
GCD or HCF of the given numbers is 50.
So, scale : 1 symbol : 50 votes
To represent 400 votes, \(\frac{400}{50}\) = 8 symbols of Sun.
To represent 550 votes, \(\frac{550}{50}\)= 11 symbols of Pot.
To represent 350 votes, \(\frac{350}{50}\)= 7 symbols of Tree.
To represent 200 votes, \(\frac{200}{50}\) = 4 symbols of Watch

i) Watch symbol got least votes than the other.
ii) Among all symbols pot symbol got more votes that is 550. So, Pot symbol candidate won in the election.