Class 7

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 16 Forest: Our Life

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Important Questions 16th Lesson Forest: Our Life

7th Class Science 16th Lesson Forest: Our Life Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What happened to the habitat of a forest due to deforestation?
Answer:

1. The natural habitat of a forest is lost when forests are cut down.
2. Several types of organisms disappear (either die out or leave the place)

Question 2.
Why are forests very important for us?
Answer:

1. Forests are renewable natural resources, which play an important role in the maintenance of ecological balance.
2. They are an important source of timber, fuelwood, cane, resins, lac, oils, fruits, nuts, fire honey etc.
3. The forests also have wild strains of cultivable crops and medicinal plants.
4. If affected by a disease, the whole forest area is not destroyed.
5. They provide habitat to wildlife.
6. Forests help to control soil erosion.
7. They help in causing rain.
8. They keep the surrounding cool.

Question 3.
Why should not we cut the forests?
Answer:

1. Forest is a place where there are many different trees.
2. It is a home for wild animals.
3. It also decorates the world.
4. It is a very airy and shadowy place.
5. We should not cut them to build factories, buildings etc or to grow crops, orchards etc.

Question 4.
Give a list of the trees, animals living in the forest areas of different districts in A.P and T.S.
Answer:

Question 5.
How is the destruction of forests taking place? What are the reasons for this destruction?
Answer:

1. Usually, people destroy the forest for their own economic purposes for example, earning by selling trees and thus, excessive cutting down of trees or deforestation takes place.
2. Deforestation also takes place when forests are cleared to construct buildings, roads,
   industries etc. ‘
3. Nowadays thermal, nuclear power plants, mining industries led by multinational companies are a major threat to forests throughout the globe.
4. Often large parts of forests are also lost due to forest fires.

Question 6.
When led to the Chipko movement in history?
Answer:

1. In 1730 AD about 350 Bishnois led by Amrita Devi sacrificed their lives to protect sacred green Kejari trees by hugging them when a king wanted to cut those trees later this was led to the Chipko movement in history.
2. Thereafter this practice has been carry forward by people like Sunder Lai Bahuguna.

Question 7.
Narrate the story written by R. Ramya a student of VIII ofZPH School, Nellore.
Answer:

1. There is a school in a village. The school has no boundary wall. The Headmaster arranged for the construction of a boundary wall with the help of higher authorities.
2. They were measuring the boundaries.
3. There was a mango tree in the school. The tree was on the boundary line. A person staying next to the school argued that the tree belonged to him.
   
4. The children studying in the school had been playing, reading, having lunch etc for years under the tree.
5. The children came to know that the person sold the tree. It was going to be cut very soon. They tried to convince that person not to remove the tree, but he adamantly denied the children’s request.
6. Neelima who was studying class VII was worried about it.
7. She thought throughout the night and got an idea. The next morning she told the idea to her friends. They
   collected money from their savings.
8. All the children went into the village and collected some more money. They went to that person and gave him all the money they collected.
9. Seeing the concern of the children, the person agreed that the tree would not be cut.

Question 8.
Write about the forest fire.
Answer:
Forest fire:

1. Forest fire occurs naturally and sometimes with human interference. It requires more time to control forest fire.
2. Heavy loses are incurred because of the rapid spread of fire.
3. The people who live in forest region should be alert in order to escape the danger of forest fire.

Question 9.
Write the names of some famous forests in our country. How are they now?
Answer:

1. In ancient times the country was famous for its dense and continuous forests like Dandakaranya, Panchavati, Nallamala etc.
2. But with the advance of civilization through ages, most parts of these forests are gone now.

Question 10.
Why are forests has been cut down?
Answer:
Forests have been cut down at a very fast rate in the past hundred years and replaced by industries, orchards (plantations of fruit-bearing plants) or those needed for timber or other economic needs, croplands etc.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Nutrition in Plants Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Solutions 10th Lesson Nutrition in Plants

7th Class Science 10th Lesson Nutrition in Plants Textbook Questions and Answers

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Question 1.
A potted plant is kept in light for a day and one of its leaves is tested for starch. The same plant is kept in the dark for two days and another leaf is tested for starch. Will there be a difference in the results of the two experiments? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:

1. The leaves of the plant kept in light for a day are tested for starch.
2. In the test it is found that the leaves contain starch.
3. The leaf of the same plant when kept in dark for two days is tested for starch.
4. In the test it is found that the leaf does not contain starch.
5. Leaves of plant is the presence of sunlight prepare Glucose.
6. This glucose is then converted into starch.
7. In the absence of light plants cannot prepare glucose and then starch.

Question 2.
What happens if leaves of a green plant are coated with oil?
(Hint: What will be the effect on stomata ?)
Answer:

1. If leaves of a green plant are coated with oil the pores of the stomata which are useful for the exchange of gases from the atmosphere are covered with oil.
2. When the pores of the leaves are thus covered by oil, the leaves fail to carry out photosynthesis.
3. The plant therefore cannot prepare its own food through leaves.

Question 3.
Do you think saprophytes help us in keeping the environment clean?
(Hint: What do saprophytes feed on ?)
Answer:

1. Saprophytes feed on dead and decaying organism.
2. So they help in keeping the environment clean.

Question 4.
Differentiate between following with some examples.
a) Parasite and saprophyte
b) Host and parasite
Answer:
a)

b)

Question 5.
Fill in the blanks and give reasons :
(i) Green plants are ………… in nature
(ii) The food synthesized by the plants is stored as …………
(iii) Saprophytes depend on ………… for food.
Answer:
i) Autotrophs: Because green parts of a plant make glucose, starch, and other food materials
by the process, photosynthesis, using carbon dioxide in the presence of sunlight.
ii) starch: Starch is formed by combining carbon dioxide, water and light.
iii) dead and decaying matter: These types of plants do not contain chlorophyll so they simply absorb organic material from decaying matter.

Question 6.
Name the following:
a) Pores through which leaves exchange gases.
b) Plants that act as scavenger of nature.
c) Those plants that share food and shelter.
d) Plants which cannot make their own food and obtain it from host.
Answer:
a) Stomata are the pores through which leaves exchange gases.
b) Saprophytes are the plants that act as scavenger of nature.
c) Host plants are those plants that share food and shelter.
d) Parasitic plants are the plants which cannot make their own food and obtain it from host.

Question 7.
Tick the correct answer
i) Cuscuta is an example of
A) Autotroph B) Parasite C) Saprophyte D) Symbiont
Answer:
B) Parasite

ii) Haustoria are
A) Roots B) Stems C) Leaves D) All of them
Answer:
A) Roots

iii) Raw materials involved in the process of photosynthesis
A) Carbon dioxide B) Water C) Sun light D) All of them
D) All of them

Question 8.
Circle the insectivorous plant among the plants given below.
A) Hibiscus B) Teak C) Nepanthis D) Aloevera
Answer:
C) Nepanthis

Question 9.
Collect information about experiments of Joseph Priestly and Ingen Houz from Internet and make a brief note on them.
Answer:
a)

1. It was Priestley who carried out a sequence of experiments.
   
2. He could demonstrate that what animals were doing to the air was being reversed by plants.
3. That is, according to him, if animals were making the air impure, plants were making it pure.

b)

1. Ingenhouz tried to repeat Priestley’s experiments under different conditions and found that only the green parts of plants when exposed to sunlight could do that.
   
2. Several scientists started working on what green plants were doing with water and air and sunlight and till date we know that-
3. Green parts of plants use carbon dioxide in the presence of sunlight (as well as other sources of light) along with water to make glucose, starch and other food materials.
4. This process of making food materials is called photosynthesis and such plants are called Autotrophs.

Question 10.
Do you agree with Von Helmont? If nutrients absorbed by plants from soil is equal to the mass of plant/tree what will happen? Think and write your hypothesis.
Answer:

1. We agree with Von Helmont.
2. If nutrients absorbed by plants from soil is equal to the mass of the plant by now all the nutrients in the soil might have exhausted.
3. Plants are oxygen factories providing enough oxygen in the atmosphere for living organism to survive.
4. Plants prepare their own food and for others by the process of photosynthesis making use of sunlights.

Question 11.
Why are some plants called insectivorous plants? Give reasons.
Answer:

1. Some plants not only manufacture their own food but also obtain a part of their nutrition from insects.
2. Leaves of these plants are specially modified to trap insects.
3. These plants grow in areas deficient in nitrogen.
4. Hence they meet their nitrogen requirements from insects.
5. So they are called insectivorous plants.

Question 12.
Designery leaves – select any broad-leaved potted plant. Cut a cardboard with a design of your choice and seal the selected leaf with the card board. Let the plant stand under the sun for a week then remove the card board you will get designery leaves plant. Try to make more leaves with designs and display your plant but don’t forget to present your writeup.
Answer:
The student can do this.

Question 13.
Collect a leaf. Take peels from both sides of the leaf and observe stomata size, shape and number under microscope with the help of your class teacher and write your findings.
Answer:
Either surfaces of the leaf is surrounded by thin layer of epidermis which shows small tiny pores called as stomata. More number of stomata observed on ventral surface and little number of stomata observed on dorsal surface.
The shape is similar but the coloration is thick towards dorsal and thin towards ventral surface. It means more number of chloroplasts present at dorsal and little number towards ventral. Size of stomata is same and no differentiation.

Question 14.
Prathima said “Mushrooms also a plant” is she correct? How would you support
Answer:

1. Prathima is correct. ‘Mushroom is a plant’.
2. Mushrooms grow on rotting wood during the rainy season.
3. Mushrooms are not like green plants as they lack chlorophyll.
4. They can not make food by photosynthesis. They are saprotrophs.

Question 15.
Photosynthesis is the way plants make food in every leaf by using different items. Write your feelings on this.
Answer:

1. Plants make use of Carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll to prepare their food and release oxygen.
2. Really it is a great thing. The plants are otherwise called oxygen factories.
3. We owe a lot to the plant kingdom for many reasons.
   a) They provide us food and shelter.
   b) They produce oxygen which is very important for all of us.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 15 Soil: Our Life

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Important Questions 15th Lesson Soil: Our Life

7th Class Science 15th Lesson Soil: Our Life Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Describe the distinct horizontal layers of the soil. What are these layers made up of (or) Describe the soil profile.
Answer:
Soil is made up of distinct horizontal layers. These layers are called horizons. They range from rich, organic upper layers (humus and topsoil) to underlying rocky layers (subsoil, regolith and bedrock).

1. O Horizon – The top, organic layer of soil, made up mostly of leaf litter and humus (decomposed organic matter).
2. A horizon – The layer called top soil. It is found below the O horizon and above the E horizon. Seeds germinate and plant roots grow in this dark-colored layer. It is made up of humus (decomposed organic matter) mixed with mineral particles.
3. E Horizon – This eluviation (leaching) layer is light in colour. This layer is beneath the A horizon and above the B Horizon. It is made up mostly of sand and silt, having
   lost most of its minerals and clay as water drips through the soil (in the process of eluviation).
4. B Horizon – Also called the subsoil – this layer is beneath the E Horizon and above the C Horizon. It contains clay and mineral deposits (like iron, aluminum oxides and calcium carbonate) that it receives from layers above it when mineralized water drips from the soil above.
5. C Horizon – Also called regolith. The layer beneath the B Horizon and above the R Horizon. It consists of slightly broken-up bedrock. Plant roots do not penetrate into this layer. Very little organic material is found in this layer.
6. R Horizon – The unweathered rock (bedrock) layer that is beneath all the other layers.
   These different layers of soil are called soil profiles.

Question 2.
What type of soil is available in Veerapanayanipalli village of Kadapa District? Which crops grow there? Which substances are found in that soil?
Answer:

1. In Veerapanayanipalli village of Kadapa District, we have black soil. We can make a ball by using this soil.
2. But we can make cracked rings only. So it is light clay soil.
3. Farmers grow Cotton and Mirchi.
4. If you dig two or three feet we will get limestone in the soil.
5. We use those stones for different purposes like the construction of compound walls etc.

Question 3.
Describe the soil structure in the Krishnapuram of Chittoor district. What crops do farmers grow there?
Answer:

1. Krishnapuram is a village in Chittoor District.
2. This village had red soil. We can make a ball with this soil. We cannot make a ring with it as it contains sand also.
3. In this soil farmers grow groundnut and castor. In some places cotton is also grown.
4. People call it as red sand soil.

Question 4.
Give a brief note of the soil and the crops grown in the village Dantaguntla of Krishna District. Is there any village in any district with the same type of soil?
Answer:

1. Dantaguntla is a village in Krishna district.
2. Black soil is there in that village. As this is sticky in nature we can make any type of model using this soil.
3. This soil retains water for a long time.
4. Farmers grow cotton, sugar cane and paddy in this soil.
5. In Indukurupeta village of Nellore district, the same type of soil is available.

Question 5.
What type of soil is available in Kanala village of Kurnool district. What is the nature of the soil there and the crops the farmers grow there?
Answer:

1. Kanala is a village in Kurnool District.
2. With this soil we can make only cracked rings. This soil contains sand also.
3. Farmers grow Jowar, Bengal Gram, and Paddy in this soil.

Question 6.
Describe the soil nature available in Ramapuram of Prakasam District. Which crops are grown there?
Answer:

1. Ramapuram is a village in Prakasam District.
2. Here the soil is sandy soil. This soil is not suitable even to make a ring.
3. Farmers grow Jasmine, Kanakambaram like flowers only. Most of the farmers practice Aquaculture.
4. Paddy is not grown in this village.

Question 7.
Which type of soil is generally seen in our state?
Answer:
In our state we see the following types of soils.
а) Black soil b) Red soil c) Sandy soil.

Question 8.
What is soil erosion?
Answer:

1. During heavy winds we observe that the surface soil particles are carried away by air.
2. Sometimes during heavy rains, rainwater carries away top layers of soil.
3. This is called soil erosion.
4. As a result of storms and floods, fertile soil layers are removed and the soil becomes barren.

Question 9.
How can soil erosion be prevented?
Answer:

1. Our farmers grow big trees around the fields to stop winds.
2. They don’t keep the lands vacant.
3. Farmers generally use vacant lands to grow grass and other plants.
4. These grass plant roots hold the soil particles and prevent soil erosion during heavy rains.

Question 10.
What do farmers do to preserve the fertility of the soil?
Answer:

1. It is very important to preserve the fertility of the soil.
2. You know farmers can’t continue the same type of crops in their fields.
3. They know continuous cultivation of the same agriculture crops reduces soil fertility.
4. Generally, farmers cultivate pulses after the completion of paddy.
5. This kind of rotation of crops retains soil fertility and productivity.
6. Conservation of soil is an important factor in agriculture.

Question 11.
How is the formation soil happened why are farmers and Engineers testing the soil?
Answer:
Soil Formation:

1. Soil is formed slowly as rock (the parent material) erodes into tiny pieces near the Earth’s surface.
2. Organic matter decays and mixes with inorganic material (rock particles, minerals and water) to form soil.
3. These days farmers test the soil in the field using soil technologies in order to grow suitable crops in the fields.
4. Engineers also test the soil profile before constructing multistoried buildings, bridges and dams.

Question 12.
What is soil science?
Answer:

1. Soil science is the study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the Earth.
2. This includes soil formation, classification and mapping, physical-chemical – biological and fertility properties of soil.
3. Sometimes terms that refer to branches of soil science such as pedology and edaphology are used as if synonymous with soil science.
4. The study of formation, chemistry, morphology and classification of soil is called pedology.
5. The study of the influence of soil on organisms, especially on plants is called edaphology.
6. The diversity of names associated with this discipline is related to the various associations concerned.
7. Indeed engineers, agronomists, chemists, geologists, physical geographers, ecologists, biologists, microbiologists, silviculturists, archeologists all contribute to further knowledge of soil and the advancement of soil science.

Question 13.
How do you determine the moisture content in the soil given to you? Describe the experiment you perform.
Answer:
The moisture content in the soil.

1. There are many ways of finding out the moisture content of different soils. We shall use a simple method.
2. Grind the soil you wish to find the moisture content of, into a fine powder.
3. Weigh 100 gm of soil from this pile. Spread it on a newspaper and dry it for about two hours in the sun.
4. While drying the soil, the sky must be clear and the heat of the sun intense.
5. Keep turning the soil over while you are drying it. Be careful that the soil does not spill out of the newspaper.
6. Weigh the soil again after it has completely dried.
7. The difference in the two weights will tell you how much water 100 gm of the soil contained.
8. This quantity is known as the percent moisture content of the soil.

Question 14.
How do you determine the percolation rate of the given soil? Describe the activity you do.
Answer:

1. Take soil samples.
2. Take a plastic funnel and place a filter paper in it as shown in figure.
   
3. Weigh 50 gm of dry soil and pour it into the funnel.
4. Take 100 ml of water in a measuring cylinder.
5. Then pour the water on the soil drop by drop.
6. Do not let all the waterfall at one spot.
7. Pour water all over the surface of the soil until it starts dripping out of the funnel.
8. Observe how fast water passes down the soil.
9. Measure the amount of water collected in the beaker.
10. Calculate the difference between amounts of water.
11. By taking different soils in the funnel and calculating the difference between amount of water we can determine the percolation rate of different soils.

Question 15.
Describe the experiment to find out the substances present in the soil.
Answer:

1. Fill a beaker half full with soil. Pour some rainwater or distilled water over the soil.
2. We should pour enough water to fill the beaker three-fourths.
3. Stir the soil and water with a twig. Then let the solution stand for some time.
4. Once the soil settles down, drain out the water carefully.
   
5. Fill a boiling tube half full with this drained water.
6. Heat the boiling tube over a candle flame. Continue heating till only a fourth of the water remains.
7. Note the color of the water. Use litmus paper to test whether the water is acidic or basic.
8. Soils contain minerals. Most of the minerals found in the soils are salts of sodium, calcium, magnesium and potassium chlorides, sulfates and carbonates.
9. Highly acidic soil retards plant growth by affecting the efficiency with which the plant absorbs nutrients from the soil.

Question 16.
Draw the line diagram to identify the different types of soils.
Answer:

1. We can identify the different types of soils in the line diagram given below.
2. We can determine the soil on the basis of the following chart.
   

Question 17.
Draw the diagram showing different Horizons of the soil.
Answer:

Question 18.
‘Soil is a good habitat’ Explain the statement.
Answer:

1. Soil is a good habitat. We depend on it for agricultural and construction purposes, making utensils, toys etc.
2. We know that plants depend on soil for nutrients like mineral salts and water from the soil
3. Animal life such as burrows or eggs of insects are found in the soil.

Question 19.
What is pottery? What type of industry is it?
Answer:
Pottery: Making pots by using soil is called a pottery.

1. This is an ancient creative occupation.
2. During Harappan civilization, different varieties of designer pots and clay utensils were used.
3. Pottery is a cottage industry in our country.
4. Potters make pots by using clay soil on a pottery wheel.
   

Question 20.
Complete the below list.
Answer:

Question 21.
Why should we use clay idols instead of idols made of plaster of Paris?
Answer:

1. During festivals like Vinayaka Chavithi, we use idols of Ganesh made of plaster of Paris and chemical colors which causes severe damage to our environment.
2. Instead of these chemical idols we should use clay idols and celebrate festivals in an eco-friendly way.

Question 22.
Read the below table and answer the following questions.

a) What is the character of loam soil?
b) What is the difference between clay soil and sandy soil?
Answer:
a) When you try to make a cylinder, it can break. This is the light loam soil.
b)

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Acids and Bases Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Solutions 2nd Lesson Acids and Bases

7th Class Science 2nd Lesson Acids and Bases Textbook Questions and Answers

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Question 1.
The sting of a wasp is basic. How can we treat the sting of a wasp?
Answer:

1. The sting of wasp is basic. So it should be treated with an acid to neutralize it.
2. Acetic acid may be taken and rubbed on the place where wasp put its sting.

Question 2.
Why are acids not stored in a metal container?
Answer:

1. Acids react with metals releasing hydrogen.
2. To avoid this acids are not stored in metal containers.

Question 3.
Acidic, basic and neutral solutions are given in three test tubes and you are given a strip of red litmus. How will you identify the three solutions?
Answer:

1. Red litmus strip is dipped in the solutions contained in the three test tubes one after another.
2. The solution in which red litmus is turned into blue is considered as base.
3. The solution in which this blue litmus is turned into red is considered as an acid.
4. The solution in which either red or blue litmus does not change its colour is neutral solution.

Question 4.
When drops of lemon juice are put on blue litmus it turns red, what will happen if you put some drops of soap solution on the same position on litmus paper?
Answer:

1. Lemon juice is acidic. So blue litmus turned into red when drops of this juice are put on blue litmus.
2. Soap solution is basic in nature. So when drops of soap solution are put on the same position of the litmus paper, the litmus paper slowly changes into blue colour.

Question 5.
What happens when Nitric acid is added to egg shell?
Answer:
When Nitric acid is added to egg shell carbon dioxide gas is released.

Question 6.
Turmeric stains on white clothes, when washed with soap, turn red. Why?
Answer:

1. Turmeric is a natural indicator.
2. It turns red when soap water is put in touch with it.
3. So turmeric stains on white clothes, when washed with soap, turn red.

Question 7.
Ammonia is present in window cleaners. It turns red litmus blue. What is its nature?
Answer:
Ammonia has basic nature.

Question 8.
What is the nature of urea? Is it acidic / basic / neutral? How can we verify it? Urea is basic in nature. It turns red litmus to blue litmus.
Answer:
Red litmus paper is dipped in a solution. It remains red.

Question 9.
What is the nature of the solution? Explain your answer.
Answer:

1. The solution may be neutral or acidic.
2. Red litmus remains unchanged when dipped in acidic solution or neutral solution.

Question 10.
What is the effect of basic substances on turmeric paper?
Answer:
The turmeric paper turns red when basic substances come in touch with the turmeric paper.

Question 11.
Can flowers and turmeric papers also be called indicators? Why?
Answer:

1. Flowers and turmeric papers are natural indicators.
2. These change their colour based on the nature of the material put on them.

Question 12.
Correct the statement if it is wrong:
a) Indicators show different colours in acidic and basic solutions.
b) Sodium hydroxide turns blue litmus red.
c) Tooth decay is caused by the presence of base.
Answer:
a) Indicators show different colours in acidic and basic solutions.
b) Sodium hydroxide turns red litmus blue.
c) Tooth decay is caused by the presence of acid.

Question 13.
Take vinegar, lemon juice, soapy water, baking soda in different vessels. Put beetroot pieces in the vessels. Predict what happens? Verify your prediction by observing the changes. After 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes record your observations. What do you conclude?
Answer:
The following are our predictions. These are found to be true when verified.

Question 14.
Visit a doctor. Find out the medicines she prescribes to treat acidity. Ask her how acidity can be naturally prevented. Prepare a report.
Answer:

1. Acidity arises due to hydrochloric acid present in the stomach.
2. Acidity results in indigestion and a burning sensation in the stomach. Even it may cause headache.
3. To treat acidity doctors give antacids. These will give relief from acidity and indigestion.
4. Antacids contain sodium hydrogen carbonate. When these antacids are taken orally, they react with the hydrochloric acid present in the stomach and reduces its strength.
5. Milk of magnesia is one such antacid.
6. Eating at irregular intervals, skipping meals and eating too quickly are more reasons. Certain foods like tomatoes, lime juice, and oranges could also lead to acidity.
7. Lack of exercise and stress also results in acidity or heart burn. Hence, the best way to avoid acidity is to avoid the factors that cause it.
8. It is a must to avoid fried and oily foods, and one must drink plenty of water, at least 8-10 glasses everyday.
9. Yogurt helps in easy digestion of food.

Question 15.
Prepare red cabbage juice by boiling a piece of red cabbage in water. Use it as an indicator and test acidic and basic solutions with it. Present your observations in the form of a table.
Answer:

1. Red cabbage is cut into quarters. It is placed in a pot with a cupful of water and boiled.
2. After about fifteen to twenty minutes, turn off the stove.
3. Cut some plain white paper toweling into small strips. When the pots contents have cooled, transfer the cabbage water to a glass and dip several strips into it.
4. Place them on a wax paper to dry.
5. Let the cabbage water sit in the glass for several days in a warm, sunny spot in the home until a lot of water has evaporated.
6. This will mean the cabbage water that remains is more concentrated.
7. Dip strips of paper towel into this concentrated solution and lay them on a wax paper to dry.
8. Use this home made litmus paper to test lemon juice (an acid) and baking soda mixed with water (a base).
9. The observations are recorded.
   

   S.no	Acid		Base
   1.	Vinegar		Baking soda
   2.	Lemon		Soap
   3.	Apple		Milk of Magnesia
   4.	Tomato		Ammonia
   5.	Banana		Egg
   6.	Milk		Caustic soda
   water is neutral

Question 16.
Collect different flowers and prepare their natural indicators with the help of filter papers.
Answer:
Cut flower petals into strips or chop them in a blender. Place the cut pieces into a beaker or cup. Add just enough water to cover the plant material. Boil until the colour is removed from the plant. Filter the liquid into another container, such as a petri dish. Discard the plant matter. Saturate clean filter paper with the flower solution. Allow the filter paper to dry. You can cut the coloured paper with scissors to make pH test strips. Ex: Hibiscus, poinsettia, roses, etc.

Question 17.
Test the nature of lemon juice and milk sample with the help of natural indicators prepared from different flowers. Explain their nature.
Answer:
a) The petals of Hibiscus are taken as a natural indicator.
b) Their colour changed to red colour when tested with lemon juice.
c) This indicated that lemon juice is an acid.
d) The colour of the petals of Hibiscus remains unchanged when tested with milk.
e) This indicates that milk is neutral.

Question 18.
How do you feel about nature? Is it a big natural laboratory that contains innumerable indicators?
Answer:

1. Nature is beyond the analysis of man.
2. Nature is a big laboratory where several wonderful things happen. Only few will come to our observation.
3. Not only flowers, even leaves of plants also behave like indicators showing the changes and indicating the presence of different substances.
4. The fall of acid rain will be indicated by both flowers and leaves of certain plants.
5. What is different from the existing immediately these indicators show their entry.

Question 19.
Choose the correct answer.
a) To protect tooth decay we are advised to brush our teeth regularly. The nature of the tooth paste commonly used is
i) Acidic
ii) Neutral
iii) Basic
iv) Baking soda
Answer:
iii) Basic

b) Which of the following is acidic in nature?
i) Lemon juice
ii) Baking soda
iii) Lime water
iv) Antacid
Answer:
i) Lemon juice

Question 20.
Match the following.

Answer:

Question 21.
Why industrial wastes are neutralised before releasing into water?
Answer:
The industrial wastes are neutralised before disposting into water bodies because, factory wastes often contain acid, if it reaches a river, the acid will kill aquatic life and thus brings damage to the entire ecosystem.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food Components Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Solutions 1st Lesson Food Components

7th Class Science 1st Lesson Food Components Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
Make a list of food items eaten during lunch by you. Try to mention the components in each food item.
Answer:
The following food items are eaten by me during lunch. The components in each food item are also given. The percentage of these components may vary from one food item to another.

Question 2.
Manjula eats only bread and omelette daily. Do you think it is a balanced diet? Why? or why not?
Answer:

1. Bread and omelette can not be called as balanced diet.
2. Balanced diet contains all food components every day in adequate quantity.
3. Diet containing food items having more of carbohydrates and proteins along with a little fat, vitamins and minerals makes a balanced diet.

Question 3.
Make a list of food items that contain all components of food.
Answer:

1. If we can eat dal, rice, rotis, green vegetables, little oil and jaggery all the food requirements of the body are fulfilled.
2. The above foods should be cooked in a proper way.

Question 4.
Who am I?
a) I am a component of food that makes paper translucent.
b) Put a drop of me on a cut potato. It turns dark blue. Who am I?
Answer:
a) Oil makes paper translucent.
b) Dilute iodine solution drop on a cut of potato turns it dark blue or black.

Question 5.
Explain what will happen if we do not include roughage in our food.
Answer:

1. Roughages are a kind of carbohydrate that our body fails to digest.
2. They help in free bowel movement in the digestive tract and prevent constipation.

Question 6.
Test the given food items and record the type of components that are present in them. (Groundnut, cooked dal, pulusu).
Answer:
1. Groundnut:
a)

1. Take a small quantity of groundnuts. Rub them gently on a piece of paper.
2. The paper turns translucent, so groundnut contains fats.

b)

1. Some groundnuts are taken. They are grinded to powder and the powder is taken in a test tube.
2. 10 drops of water is added to the powder in the test tube.
3. 2 gms. of copper sulphate is dissolved in 100 ml of water. We get 2% copper sulphate solution.
4. 10 gms. of sodium hydroxide is dissolved in 100 ml. of water. We get 10% sodium hydroxide solution.
5. 2 drops of 2% copper sulphate solution and 10 drops of 10% sodium hydroxide solution are added to the groundnut solution already prepared.
6. The colour of the solution changes to purple confirming the presence of protein in groundnut.

2. Cooked Dal:

1. A sample of cooked dal solution is taken.
2. 10 drops of this solution is taken in a test tube.
3. 2 drops of 2% copper sulphate solution and 10 drops of 10% sodium hydroxide solution are added to the dal solution taken in the test tube.
4. The colour of the solution changes to purple confirming the presence of protein in cooked dal.
5. This test confirms the presence of proteins in larger amounts as compared to others.

3. Pulusu:

1. A sample pulusu solution is taken in a test tube.
2. If a drop of it is put on a paper, the paper becomes translucent confirming the presence of fat in pulusu.
3. It responds to protein test and starch test.
4. Pulusu is a mixture of all these components of food.

Question 7.
Draw some food items of your diet and explain why you like them.
Answer:
a)

1. These are the food items I like for breakfast.
2. These are tasty and smaller amounts give enough energy to maintain the strength of the body till lunch.
3. These items contain carbohydrates, proteins, fibres and fats (in some items) all of which make them near balanced diet.

b)

1. These are some of the food items of my diet and I like them because they make a balanced diet.
2. Combination of the items mentioned in the flow chart makes the food very tasty.
3. This diet contains carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins also.
4. These food items not only give strength to the body and mind but also help in the growth of some body parts.
5. In growing children this diet supports their growth also.

Question 8.
If you were invited to a party with many food items in the menu like Rice, Roti, Puri, Idly, Dosa, Samosa, Dal, Green Salad, Vegetable Curry, Fruit Chat, Chicken Curry, Eggs, Gulab Jamun.
a) What food items would come on to your plate to make your diet a balanced one?
b) What food items would you take plenty, adequately?
Answer:
a) To make my diet a balanced one, the following food items would come to my plate.

1. A diet containing all the nutrients and other components in proper proportion is called balanced diet. So rice, roti, dal, vegetable curry, fruit chat, chicken curry would come to my plate.

b)

1. I take the following food items in plenty. Vegetable curry, fruit chat, green salad.
2. I take the following food items adequately. Dal, dosa, idly etc.

Question 9.
How is water useful to our body?
Answer:

1. Water helps the food to move easily in the digestive tract.
2. Water helps in many other processes in our body as well.
3. So we must drink plenty of water.

Question 10.
Fill in the blanks.
a) If our food is not balanced with proper nutrients we may ——–.
b) Fibres in our diet prevents ——–.
c) Our daily diet should include plenty of ——–.
d) Oils and fats give us ——–.
Answer:
a) lose the resistive power of our body
b) constipation
c) fruits and leafy vegetables.
d) energy

Question 11.
Match the following and give the reasons.

Answer:

1. Fibre of food causes weight to food and also makes bulk forming.
2. Protein is a body building material which construct new cells.
3. Vitamins & minerals are called Micro-nutrients.
4. Carbohydrates which release chemical energy during oxidation.

Question 12.
Prepare a balanced diet chart with the help of your group and exhibit in your classroom science fair.
Answer:

For a balanced diet the following food items are important.

1. Rice
2. Wheat
3. Lemon
4. Egg
5. Cabbage
6. Amaranth
7. Roselle
8. Drumsticks
9. Bottlegourd
10. Beans
11. Milk
12. Carrot
13. Curd
14. Lady’s finger
15. Tomato etc.

Question 13.
Prepare ‘kichidi’ with your mother’s help using all kinds of available vegetables, dais, nuts etc. Write a note on the process of making kichidi.
Answer:

1. A dish is taken.
2. Suitable quantities of beaten rice, groundnut seeds, bengal gram dal are all taken in the dish. Available vegetables are taken and cut into pieces. Sufficient number of pieces are also added in the dish.
3. The mixture is fried by putting oil and keeping it on the flame of a stove.
4. After the mixture is fried it is transferred into a vessel.
5. Again the dish is taken and sufficient amounts of mustard, cumin seeds, pieces of chilli are put in it.
6. A small piece of asafoetida is also added to the contents in the dish.
7. Sufficient oil is taken in another dish and is heated by putting the dish on the flame of the stove.
8. When oil is heated to the desired temperature, the contents in the dish are put in the oil.
9. Wait till the contents are fried well.
10. Remove the contents and mix them with the mixture already stored in the vessel.
11. The total mixture of all the components is ‘kichidi’.

Question 14.
Observe whether your mother cooks on a low or high flame. Discuss with your mother and find out the reason.
Answer:

1. My mother cooks on a low flame.
2. The reason is the nutritional values of the food will be dried up if cooked on a high flame.
3. Micro-nutrients also disappear. So cooking is done of low flame only.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 14 Water – Too Little To Waste

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Important Questions 14th Lesson Water – Too Little To Waste

7th Class Science 14th Lesson Water – Too Little To Waste Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How is water distributed on the globe? How much of freshwater is available to us?
Answer:

1. If the total water on earth be 100%, the percent fresh water available to us is only 1%.
2. 

Question 2.
When was the international decade for action on ‘water for life’ declared?
Answer:

1. On World Water Day, that is 22 March 2005, the period 2005 – 2015 was declared as the International Decade for action on “Water for Life”.

Question 3.
What would you do for the cause ‘water for life”?
Answer:

1. Normally a lot of water flows out of the kitchen as well as bathrooms in our houses.
2. Many of us do not know that water is being wasted in this way.
3. We must make a channel of water to flow from kitchen to the garden around.
4. We cannot wastewater from the bathroom also. It could be used after purification.

Question 4.
Why do we need proper drainage system?
Answer:

1. We dispose of wastewater in our daily life in different ways and means.
2. We often see water stagnated near bore wells or beside houses.
3. Sometimes human and animal excretions also mix with this water.
4. We get a foul smell when we walk near those areas.
5. To prevent this we need a proper drainage system.

Question 5.
How do you find out what realty happens to waste water at treatment plants?
Answer:

1. Fill a large glass jar 3/4 full of water. Add some dirty organic matter such as grass pieces or orange peels, a small amount of detergent, and a few drops of an ink or any colour.
2. Cap the jar, shake it well and let the mixture stand in the sun for two days.
3. After two days, shake the mixture and pour a small sample into test tube. Label this test tube “Before treatment; Sample 1”. How does it smell?
4. Use an aerator from an aquarium to bubble air through the sample in the glass jar. Allow several hours for aeration; leave the aerator attached overnight. If you do not have an aerator, use a mechanical stirrer or a mixer. You may have to stir it several times. This actually works like a skimmer of the wastewater treatment plant.
5. Aeration causes organisms that break down waste to grow faster thus it leads to what is called as “Biological Process”.
   
6. The next day when aeration is complete, pour another sample into a second test tube. Label it “After aeration; Sample 2”.
7. Fold a piece of filter paper to form a cone. Wet the paper with tap water and then insert the cone in a funnel. Mount the funnel on a support.
8. Place layers of sand, fine gravel and finally medium gravel in the funnel.
9. Pour the remaining aerated liquid through the filter into the beakers. Do not allow the liquid to spill over the filter. If the filtered liquid is not clear, filter it a few times till you get clear water. This is “physical process”.
10. Pour a sample of the filtered water into a third test tube labeled “Filtered’ Sample 3”.
11. Pour another sample of the filtered water into a fourth test tube. Add a small piece of a chlorine tablet. Mix well until the water is clear. Labe! the test tube “Chlorinated; Sample 4”.
12. This is a “Chemical Process” of treatment.
13. Observe carefully the samples in all the test tubes. Do not taste! Just smell them!
14. We can easily under stand how the wastewater is recycled in the treatment plant.

Question 6.
For which purposes are we using freshwater?
Answer: Freshwater has been the constant and essential companion of human beings throughout history. Water is used in great quantities in agriculture and industries.

Question 7.
How is freshwater distributed over the globe?
Answer:

1. Our globe is poorly endowed with fresh water.
2. Most water is rendered useless to humans by dilution with salt in the oceans.
3. Only 2.5 percent is available as freshwater of which 2/3 is locked up in Ice and snow.
4. Nature is unkind in depositing almost eighty percent of rain over the sea.
5. The rain that falls over the land has a great potential value.

Question 8.
What is causing water scarcity? Write the principle ways which are degrading the quality and quantity of natural supply of fresh water.
Answer:

1. Unsustainable extraction of fresh water causes water scarcity.
2. Due to the over-extraction of fresh water underground reserves are falling rapidly.
3. In India, the water table has fallen more than 300 meters’.
4. Human interventions which degrade the quality and quantity of the natural supply of fresh water occur, in 3 principal ways.
5. Firstly dams alter the natural flow of rivers often leading to water scarcity.
6. Secondly, soil moisture is lost by land degradation due to poor farming practices
   and deforestation.
7. Thirdly, surface water is polluted by run-off chemicals used in industries and households.

Question 9.
How can you say that the next cold war could be over water?
Answer:

1. The world population is projected to grown 9.3 Billion by 2050.
2. In addition to safe drinking water and sanitation, the rising pressure on freshwater will be felt most severely in the energy and food sectors.
3. Two out of three people will be living with water shortage by 2025.
4. The growth of demand the decline in freshwater availability, the adverse health effects from poor water quality and scarcity will result in violence and water wars.
5. The next cold war could be over water.

Question 10.
How can we conserve water? Write some practices that can be adopted.
Answer:
a)

1. We perform many activities in our daily life using water.
2. We can conserve water by adopting certain good practices,

b) Some practices that can be adopted:

1. Water is precious. We should not waste it.
2. Collect water in a bucket after cleaning rice, dal and vegetables in the kitchen which contains peels of vegetables.
3. We can use this water for our cattle.
4. We should not throw solid food remains, tea leaves and oily wastes down the drain.
5. We must make a channel so that the kitchen and bathroom water flows to the coconut and banana plants in our garden.
6. We should use only mild soaps and detergents so that this water may not harm our plants.
7. Any leakage of water from any tap must be repaired immediately.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 Reflection of Light Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Solutions 9th Lesson Reflection of Light

7th Class Science 9th Lesson Reflection of Light Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
Vidya made a Periscope making slits like this as shown in the figure. Will it work or not? Explain your answer.
Try to make a periscope like this and see whether it works or not?

Answer:

1. The periscope does not work.
2. The slits made must be parallel to each other.
3. If the slits are parallel then the mirror strips placed in them will give reflections property and the image of the object can be seen.

Question 2.
i) Draw reflected ray in the figure given here.

Answer:

1. The angle of incidence ∠i = 45° = angle of reflection = ∠r = 45°C
2. OR is the incident ray
3. RB is the reflected ray
4. NR is the normal drawn to the reflecting surface.
   

ii) Mark the position of the image in the figure given here by dotted lines.

Answer:
The position of the image is shown by dotted lines.

Question 3.
How do you relate to the angle of reflection and angle of incidence? What will be the angle of reflection when the angle of incidence is i) 60° ii)0°?
Answer:
Angle of incidence ∠i = angle of reflection ∠r
If ∠i = 60° then ∠r = 60°
If ∠i = 0° then ∠r = 0°

Question 4.
Imagine that your sister is viewing a cricket match on a TV and you are viewing the same cricket match in a mirror which is opposite to the TV. What difference do you notice in the match?
Answer:

1. The image of an object in a mirror will have lateral inversion.
2. The cricket match my sister is viewing on a T.V. is the object.
3. The cricket match I am viewing in a mirror is its image.
4. So the match appears to me is a lateral inversion position.

Question 5.
Write the mirror image of your name.
………………………………. (in English)
………………………………. (in Telugu)
Answer:
The student can write his name both in English and Telugu in a lateral inversion way so that it is visible in the right way in the mirror.

Question 6.
You are given the mirror image of a name. Can you find out the actual name?

Place a mirror in front of this figure and check your answer.
Answer:
If this name is seen in a mirror it appears as SURYA.

Question 7.
Get three mirror strips, two rubber bands, card board sheet, translucent paper, and broken bangle pieces and make a Kaleidoscope.
(OR)
Write the procedure of making a Kaleidoscope using the following three mirror strips, two rubber bands, cardboard sheet, translucent paper and broken bangle pieces.
Answer:
1) The student can make a Kaleidoscope with the material supplied.
2) The student can follow the following procedure to make it.
Making a Kaleidoscope :

1. Take three mirror strips of the same size.
2. Tie these strips with rubber bands to form a triangular tubfe as shown in figure (a).
   
3. While tying the strips together, remember to keep their reflecting surfaces facing each other inside the tube.
4. Cover one end of the tube with translucent paper using a rubber band.
5. Cover the second end with card board sheet and make a hole in it.
6. So that we can look inside it. Our kaleidoscope is ready.
7. Now put few small pieces of coloured glass bangles inside the. triangular tube as shown in figure (b).
   
8. Look at the bangle pieces through the hole as shown in figure (c).
   
9. Shake the kaleidoscope and try to see through the hole slowly rotating it.
10. We shall be viewing so many designs and bangle pieces.

Question 8.
Observe the following figures.

How many images would you observe in the mirrors in the above cases? Write your guesses.
Fig-1 ……………………………
Fig-2 ……………………………
Do experiments and check whether your guesses are correct or not? Give reasons.
Answer:
1) Fig. (a): In fig a: We observe only one image of the candle behind the mirror at a distance of 30 cm. from the mirror.
2) Fig. (b): We observe only 3 images of the candle in the two mirrors arranged at an angle of 90° to each other.
I have done the experiments and my observations are found to be true with my guesses.

Question 9.
Write examples of multiple images formed in your daily life.
Answer:

1. In sweet shops mirrors are arranged in such a way that multiple images of the sweets are made visible to the customers.
2. In ice-cream parlours and cool drink’s shops also plane mirrors are arranged in parallel on the walls of the room. These mirrors give .multiple images of the customers making them feel that the shop is full of customers.
3. In barber’s shop mirrors are arranged in such away that the customer can view his images in all directions.

Question 10.
Observe the figure and identify which type of mirror is used. How do you justify.

Answer:

1. A doncave mirror is used to note the image of the flame of the candle on a screen.
2. A concave mirror forms the real image of an object.
3. We know images that can be caught on a screen are called real images.

Question 11.
Sai lighted a candle in his house when power went off. His mother placed it in front of a mirror. Sai observed something that excited him. What change would have excited Sai? Some questions came to his mind. Can you guess the questions? Write a few such questions.
Answer:

1. When the power is off, the room becomes dark and no object is visible.
2. When a lighted candle is put infront of the mirror, light falling from it on all objects are visible in the mirror.
3. The following questions are likely to arise in the mind of Sai.
   a) Why are only some images of the objects in the room are visible in the mirror?
   b) What relation exists between the light of the candle and mirror exists?
   c) Why not the images of all objects seen in the mirror.
   d) What is important for the visibility of the objects?

Question 12.
Unexpectedly some water sprinkled on a mirror while Madhu was shaving his face. Did he observe any difference in his image? If yes, explain why?
Answer:

1. When water is sprinkled on a mirror the plane surface of the mirror is disturbed.
2. So the clarity in the images goes away and due to reflection taking place in a scattered way, the image becomes dull arid unclear.

Question 13.
Imagine that all the houses in your street have elevation with mirrors. Suppose you and your friends are walking in the street. Would you experience any difficulties when you walk through that street? Predict and explain. Is it difficult for birds to live or fly in that street? Why?
Answer:

1. We experience difficulties when we walk through the street where all houses have elevation with mirrors.
2. Due to the formation of multiple images of the people walking in the street, they often were put to confusion.
3. It is difficult for birds to live or fly in that street as the reflections will give confusion to them.

Question 14.
Take an empty toothpaste box and two mirror strips of the required size and make a periscope.
Answer:
Close both ends of the box. Draw squares at both ends. Draw the diagonal to these squares. Slit the diagonals with a blade. The slits should equal to the length of the mirror strips. Fix the mirror strips in these slits. Take care to see that these mirror strips lie parallel to each other, with their reflecting surfaces facing each other. Fix the mirror strips firmly to the box with a few drops of molten wax from a burning candle or fevicol. Cut out two widows on the narrow sides of the box. The windows should open directly on the reflecting surfaces of the mirror strips. Now the periscope is ready to see.

Question 15.
What is the angle between two plane mirrors when there are five images?
Answer:
When the angle between two plane mirrors is 60° then five images of an object are formed in the mirrors.

Question 16.
What is the difference between convex and concave mirrors? Draw the diagrams of concave and convex mirrors.
Answer:

1. A concave mirror forms the real image of an object.
2. A convex mirror forms the virtual image of an object.
3. 
   1) Concave mirror
   2) Convex mirror
4. The reflecting surface of the mirror is concave in the case of a concave mirror.
5. The reflecting surface of the mirror is convex in the case of a convex mirror.

Question 17.
Where do you find irregular reflection in daily life? Give some examples.
Answer:

1. Irregular reflection is observed in the window glass which is rough.
2. Glass mirror on which water is sprinkled. This also makes irregular reflection.

Question 18.
Mirrors help us to see all the objects around us without turning our heads. Write about the role of mirrors in opr life.
Answer:

1. Convex mirror is used as a side view mirror in motor vehicles.
2. A convex mirror can show the image of a large area as a small image.
3. This property of the convex mirror is made use of in seeing all objects behind without turning our head..
4. When we stand in between parallel mirrors also we could see our front and back.
5. I appreciate the wonderful usefulness of role of mirrors in our life.

Question 19.
Army people can see their enemies while hiding themselves with the help of periscopes. Write about the use of periscope for their security.
Answer:

1. If the soldier is infront of his enemy, there will be a danger to his life.
2. Army people make use of periscope to see their enemies by hiding themselves.
3. This periscope is a gift made by making use of the properties of mirrors.
4. I really appreciate the utility of the periscope.

Question 20.
Imagine what would happen if there are no rearview mirrors attached to vehicles and there are no concave mirrors in the headlights of the vehicles. Write about the role of convex and concave mirrors in safe driving.
Answer:

1. If there are no rearview mirrors attached to vehicles, it would be impossible for the vehicle drivers to know about the coming vehicles behind him.
2. This may lead to accidents.
3. If there are no concave mirrors in the headlights of the vehicles, then the light focused by the lights may not have enough intensity.
4. This results in not getting a clear vision of long distances during night times when drivers drive their vehicles.
5. As a result, drivers cannot travel with the present speed.
6. The service rendered by convex and concave mirrors is really wonderful.

Question 21.
While constructing a new house, Kishan’s uncle rejected his wife’s request of glass elevation to the building, saying that “It is harmful to the birds and also ourselves”. Why would you support the decision of Kishan’s uncle?
Answer:
Kishan’s uncle took a good decision which might be appreciable.
Nowadays people prefer the decoration of houses exterior and interior. This may cause more life-threatening to other living forms. If you elevate the house with mirrors, it creates lot of inconvenience to you. The birds, creatures suffer a lot by the reflection and creation of multiple images. The plain mirrors may reflect light during day and night.
So, Kishan’s uncle’s decision is really good and I support it.

Question 22.
Collect information from your elders and shopkeepers about where we use more mirrors and why?
Answer:
We use more mirrors in

1. Sweet shops
2. Ice parlours
3. Optical shops where spectacles are sold.
4. In hair cutting saloons.

Question 23.
Collect information about which objects of your school and home work like a mirror and why? Identify the similarities among those objects.
Answer:

1. School bell works like a convex mirror.
2. The outer wall of the cylindrical drum made of stainless steel works like a convex mirror.
3. The outer portion of the spoon is like a convex mirror where as the inner portion of the spoon is like a concave mirror.

SCERT AP 7th Class Maths Solutions Pdf Chapter 4 Lines and Angles Ex 4.1 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Maths Solutions 4th Lesson Lines and Angles Exercise 4.1

Question 1.
Find which of the following pair of angles are complementary and which are supplementary?

Answer:
90° + 20° = 1 10° ≠ 90° (or) ≠ 180°
So, they are not complementary or not supplementary.

Answer:
6o° + 30° = 90°
So, they are complementary angles.

Answer:
11°+ 79° = 90°
So, they arc complementary angles.

Answer:
125° + 55° = 180°
So, they are supplementary angles.

Answer:
50 + 130° = 180°
So, they are supplementary angles.

Answer:
40° + 120° = 160° ≠ 90° (or) 180°
So, they are not complementary angles or not supplementary angles.

Question 2.
If the ratio of two complementary angles is 2:3, then find the two angles.
Answer:
Given the ratio of two complementary angles = 2 : 3 = 2x : 3x
Sum of the complementary angles = 90° So, 2x + 3x = 90°
⇒ 5x = 90°
⇒ \(\frac{5 x}{5}=\frac{90^{\circ}}{5}\)
∴ x = 18°
Then the angles are
2x, 3x = 2(18°), 3(18°) = 36°, 54°

Question 3.
In the figure, ∠A and ∠Q are complementary angles. Find the value of x.

Answer:
Given ∠A = 9x°, ∠Q = 36° and
∠A and ∠Q are complementary angles.
So, ∠A + ∠Q = 90°
⇒ 9x + 36° = 90°
⇒ 9x + 36° – 36° = 90° – 36°
⇒ 9x = 54°
⇒ \(\frac{9 \mathrm{x}}{9}=\frac{54^{\circ}}{9}\)
⇒ x = 6° .

Question 4.
If ∠A and ∠B are conjugate angles and ∠A = ∠B. Find the two angles.
Answer:
Given ∠A and ∠B are conjugate angles and
∠A = ∠B = x°
So, ∠A + ∠B = 360°
⇒ x° + x° – 360°
⇒ 2x° = 360°
⇒ \(\frac{2 x}{2}=\frac{360^{\circ}}{2}\)
⇒ x = 180°
∴ ∠A = ∠B = x° = 180°

Question 5.
Draw a pair of complementary angles and a pair of supplementary angles.
Answer:

Question 6.
Teacher asked students to draw the complementary angle to the given angle. The students have drawn as follows. Who is correct?

Answer:
Sum of the two angles is 90°, then they are called complementary angles.
Complementary angle of 30° is 60°. So, Sujatha is correct.

Question 7.
In the given figure, ∠B and ∠E are supplementary angles. Find x.

Answer:
Given ∠B and ∠E are supplementary angles.
∠B + ∠E = 180°
⇒ 30° + 5x = 180°
⇒ 30° + 5x – 30° = 180°- 30°
⇒ 5x = 150°
⇒ \(\frac{5 x}{5}=\frac{150^{\circ}}{5}\)
∴ x = 30°

Question 8.
Ashritha said, “In the pair of supplementary angles, one angle must be obtuse angle.” Do you agree? Give reason.
Answer:
No, two acute angles cannot make supplementary angles. Two right angles (90°) can make supplementary angles. One acute and one obtuse angles can make supplementary angles.

Question 9.
Find the angle which is 40° more than its supplementary angle?
Answer:
Let one angle is x°.
Other angle is (x + 40)°.
Given two angles are supplementary.
So, x + x + 40° = 180°
⇒ 2x + 40° = 180°
⇒ 2x + 40° – 40° = 180° – 40°
⇒ 2x = 140°
⇒ \(\frac{2 x}{2}=\frac{140^{\circ}}{2}\)
Angle x = 70°
Other angle is x + 40° = 70° + 40° = 110°
∴ Angles are 70° and 110°.

Question 10.
Srinu said, “Two obtuse angles cannot be supplementary.” Do you agree? Justify your answer.
Answer:
Yes, sum of two obtuse angles is greater than 180°.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 6C Learn How to Climb Trees Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Solutions Chapter 6C Learn How to Climb Trees

7th Class English Chapter 6C Learn How to Climb Trees Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What do you think is the main reason for the tiger’s attack on Har Singh?
Answer:
When Kunwar Singh and Har Singh faced the tiger, they stood in still. The tiger looked at them but did not spring upon them. Later Har Singh fired at one of the jungle fowls which had alighted on a branch. Because of the firing, the tiger was afraid, and so it roared. Har Singh did not learn climbing up a tree and so stood there in fear. Then the tiger attacked him.

Question 2.
What kind of person was the doctor? Justify your answer.
Answer:
The doctor was very kind. That’s why he gave treatment to Har Singh, even though they came to him late in the night. He laid Har Singh on a string-bed and sewed up the hole in his stomach, and saved him. Though Kunwar Singh offered him two rupees, he refused to take that.

Question 3.
What would you have done if you were in the narrator’s place when the tiger attacked Har Singh?
Answer:
If I were in the narrator’s place, I would do all that the narrator had done to Har Singh. Besides, I made Har Singh learn climbing up a tree later.

Question 4.
What do you think the narrator wants to convey through this story?
Answer:
Through this story, the narrator wants to convey that everyone, particularly forest dwellers, should leam how to climb up trees, in childhood.

Learn How to Climb Trees Summary in English

Jim Corbett was brought up in the Kumaon and Garhwal hills. He was an excellent shooter and killed many tigers and saved many poeple.

When he was eight, he was given his first gun. Then Kunwar Singh visited him. He told him that he could go with no fear in the jungles taking that gun. But he advised him to learn how to climb trees. He told Corbett a story to know the importance of climbing a tree.

One day last April Har Singh and Kunwar Singh went into the jungle to shoot. They found nothing to shoot. So they were returning home. Suddenly they faced a tigher. Then both of them stood still. The tiger hit a nullah. Then a large number of jungle fowl rose cackling out of the dense scrub. One of them alighted on a branch and Har Singh fired at it. Then the tiger roared at them.

At once, Kunwar Singh climbed up a runi tree. But Har Singh stayed there as he had not learnt climbing up a tree when he was a boy. The tiger sprang upon him. Har Singh was screaming. Then Kunwar Singh fired his gun off into the air. The tiger went away. Har Singh collapsed at the foot of the tree. Kunwar Singh got down the tree and found that the tiger’s claw had entered the stomach of Har Singh and torn the lining from his navel to within a few fingers’ breadth of the back-bone. All his inside had fallen out. Har Singh told Kunwar Singh to put his intestines back into his stomach. Kunwar Singh managed to do that.

Later Kunwar Singh wound his turban round his stomach and knitted it tight to keep everything from falling out again. He took Har Singh to the nearby hospital. But as it was night, the hospital was closed. They went to the doctor-babu who told them to bring Aladia, the tobacco-seller. Har Singh was laid on a string-bed. Aladia came and held the lantern. Kunwar Singh held the two pieces of flesh together.

The doctor was very kind. He sewed up the hole in Har Singh’s stomach. Har Singh was safe. Kunwar Singh offered the doctor two rupees but he refused to take that. Later Kunwar Singh and Har Singh went home. Seeing the condition of Har Singh, there the womenfolk were crying.

This story explains the importance of learning to climb up a tree in childhood.

Learn How to Climb Trees Glossary

paling (v): appearing less bright

scrub (n): an area of dry land covered with small bushes and trees

cackling (v): making a loud unpleasant noise

frighten (v): to cause a feeling of fear

grasp (v): to catch hold of something

collapse (v): to fall down suddenly because of loss of strength/support

sew (v): to join or attach something using a needle and thread

nullah (n): a water course, especially a dry one

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 6B My Nasty Adventure Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Solutions Chapter 6B My Nasty Adventure

7th Class English Chapter 6B My Nasty Adventure Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Who do you think is the speaker in the poem?
Answer:
A school boy is the speaker in the poem.

Question 2.
Which line in the poem suggests that the speaker was only dreaming?
Answer:
The line, “I scratched myself when I woke up’ suggests that the speaker was only dreaming.

Question 3.
Why did the speaker feel like a fool?
Answer:
The speaker felt like a fool because he realized that he hadn’t done any adventure but only dreamt of a nasty adventure.

Question 4.
What did the speaker finally want to do?
Answer:
The speaker finally wanted to go to school rather than dreaming of nasty adventures.

Question 5.
Have you ever experienced any adventure in your life? If yes, share it with your classmates?
Answer:
Yes. One day while I was studying silently for my exam, a thief entered my house and was trying to break the iron safe open. I heard the sound and peered into the room silently through the opening of the door. I saw him. At once I shut the door tightly and cried out loudly! My parents and my neighbours came up and informed the police. The police came and caught hold of him.

Question 6.
Do you think the title ‘My Nasty Adventure’ is suitable for the poem ? Give reasons. Give your own title and tell the class why you have chosen it.
Answer:
I think, it is suitable because a 12 year old boy slept dreaming of an adventure of getting down on to the land from an aeroplane with a parachute. In real life if could not be possible for him.
My own title for it is ‘A Child’s Daydream’ because what the boy dreamed could not be possible for him to do. Daydreams say that dreams would not come true in rear life.

Question 7.
Why is the poem titled ‘My Nasty Adventure’?
Answer:
The poem is titled, ‘My Nasty Adventure’ because a schoolboy who wanted to do adventures, slept dreaming of an adventure of getting down on to the land from an aeroplane with a parachute. In real life, it couldn’t be possible for that young child. So, he dreamed of a nasty adventure. Hence the title is apt.

Question 8.
List all the rhyming words in the poem.
Answer:
The rhyming words in the poem are:
1) breeze – trees
2) fool – school
3) painfully – frantically

II. Add lines to the following poem, write it on a sheet of paper and display it in the poetry corner.

My boat was about to sink
I had a lot to think
………………………….
………………………….
Answer:
My boat was about to sink
I had a lot to think
First, save I must myself
rescued be the rest by an elf
A lot I am yet to learn
power to make all happy I may earn
Father and mother be full of cheer
That is my desire utmost sheer
I must help at least one friend
That for me is a fine day end.

Project

Go to a nearby library and Collect stories of adventure from the newspapers, magazines, story books. Narrate one of them to the members of your group. Paste a good story with pictures on the wall magazine.

The story of adventure:
Gerard and Denys were good friends. Once they were travelling on foot in Germany. Gerard was armed with an axe and Denys with a crossbow. On their way, Gerard bought a weapon with a short spike at the head and a long handle. He practised with it. He was able to hit any object precisely.

As they were going through a forest, they heard some sound from behind a bush. A young bear burst out of the Wood and dashed towards Gerard. He delivered a tremendous blow on its nose with his axe. He hit another blow. The bear fell down dead. They wished to keep it for their supper and also as the reward to the Mayor of the next town.

Their pleasure did not last long. The mother bear came suddenly. She was huge in size. Gerard and Denys were afraid. They climbed two different trees. The mother bear smelt the dead young bear. She confirmed that the young one was dead. She grew furious. She followed Denys. She too, started climbing the tree. Denys thought that his death was sure to come. He asked his friend to keep off. Gerard saw the danger to his friend. He got down the tree. He stood on the ground and shot a bolt into the bear. The bear’s attention was diverted. She got down and chased Gerard.

Gerard, at once, climbed a tree. The bear mounted the tree on the other side. She was fast approaching Gerard. Now it was the turn of Denys to shoot at the bear. He shot at the bear with his crossbow. She was badly hit and wounded. She slipped and fell down dead on the ‘ ground. Luckily Gerard was saved.

My Nasty Adventure Summary in English

The speaker of the poem was a schoolboy. He wished he did some adventurous thing. One day he dreamed of doing some nasty adventure. He dreamed that he was travelling by plane to somewhere. After travelling some distance, his plane was about to crash. So, at once, he grabbed his bag and took out his big blue parachute to glide him down and land.

The child was gliding down with the parachute. At last h& found a spot to land. But there was a big gentle wind. Because of the wind, he had to land painfully on some sharp pine trees. When he landed on them, he was filled with bruises as a pine fell on his ear. He sat down on the ground to rest. Then a thorn poked him. He slept on the ground very anxiously. Mosquitoes bit his nose: Bugs crept all over him and tickled his body.

The boy scratched himself when he woke up. Then he appeared like a fool. After analysing his dream of the nasty adventure, the boy thought he would rather go to school than wasting time, dreaming.

My Nasty Adventure Glossary

crash (v): fall or come down violently

bruises(n): dark marks left on the skin when one has been hit

breeze(n): a gentle wind

poked(v): pushed a pointed object into something or someone

frantically(adv): very anxiously

bugs(n): small insects

tickled(v): touched lightly in a sensitive part of the body causing laughter

scratch(v): to cut or damage a surface with something sharp or rough

grab (v): take/hold somebody/something with your hand, firmly

glide (v): move slowly and quietly as if it takes no effort

land (v): come down through the air on to the ground.

crept (v): moved slowly, quietly and carefully

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 6A A Hero Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Solutions Chapter 6A A Hero

7th Class English Chapter 6A A Hero Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Read the following proverb and answer the questions that follow.

Question 1.
You may have heard of this proverb.before. Do you know what it means?
Answer:
This proverb says that timid or coward people cannot achieve anything. Only the brave or
the courageous can get on what they want. Here ‘Fortune’ means good result or benefit and this goes to the brave people.

Question 2.
Tell the class why the government rewards the brave and adventurous children.
Answer:
The government rewards the brave and adventurous children so as to inspire the younger ones to be brave like them and do adventurous things and to tell that the country needs the brave but not the timid.

Question 3.
Are you aware of any brave boy or girl who may have shown an act of bravery? Talk about his/her bravery to the class.
Answer:
Yes, my friend Chennakesava Sarma has shown an act of bravery. He saw a drowning child in the river Krishna through he was not a good swimmer, he at once jumped into the river and caught hold of the child by his hair. Later he shouted loudly. Some people nearby came and rescued both of them.

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
According to the newspaper’s report, who fought with the tiger?
Answer:
According to the newspaper’s report, a village lad fought with the tiger.

Question 2.
Can you say why Swamis father read the hews to his son?
Answer:
His father read the news for Swami so that it would inspire his son and that his son would also do courageous things.

Question 3.
Did Swami believe the story? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
No, Swami did not believe the story. He told his father that the person fought with the tiger must be a grown-up person but not a boy. He felt that a boy could not fight with a tiger.

Question 4.
What did Swami’s father ask him to prove?
Answer:
Swami’s father asked him to prove his bravery by sleeping alone that night and thereafter too in his office room.

Question 5.
Why did Swami try to change the topic when his father asked him to sleep alone?
Answer:
Swami tried to change the topic because he was afraid to sleep alone as he had always slept beside his granny. So, he wanted to divert his father’s attention to cricket.

II. Read the following sentences and say whether they are true or false.

Write T for true and F for false statements in the brackets. Correct the false statements.
1. Swami said that he would sleep alone from the next week. ( )
2. Swami’s father looked like a ghost in darkness. ( )
3. When Swami was snoring, his grandmother pulled the blanket away. ( )
4. Swami was really afraid of darkness. ( )
5. Swami wished that the tiger had killed the boy. ( )
Answer:
1. F
2. T
3. F
4. T
5. T
Correction of false statements:
1. Swami said that he would sleep alone from the first of next month.
3. When Swami was snoring, his father pulled the blanket away.

III. Tick the correct option to make the sentence true.

1. Swami was almost faint with fear because
a) his father would beat him.
b) he was afraid of ghosts.
c) a ghost entered his room.
d) he had a terrible dream.

2. Swami clutched the leg of ………………………….
a) his father.
b) his grandmother.
c) a chair.
d) the thief.
Answer:
1. b (✓)
2. d (✓)

Vocabulary

I. Pick out the synonyms from the story for each of the following words.

1. clear
2. bravery
3. shameful
4. hide
5. upset
6. argued
7. swore
8. unpleasant
9. tapped
10. damage
Answer:
1) clear: detailed
2) bravery: courage
3) shameful: disgraceful
4) hide: cover
5) upset: pained
6) argued: mumbled/exclaimed/opined
7) swore: cursed
8) unpleasant: bitter
9) tapped: patted
10) damage: risk

II. Read the conversation given below and fill in the blanks with appropriate words from the box.

Ruchira: I don’t know why the teacher ……(1)…… to give his mobile number?
Suhas: He might be worried that you would ……(2)…… him with your phone calls.
Ruchira: I have great ……(3)..… for him. I will never behave in a ……(4)…… manner.
Suhas: I am ……(5)…… that our teacher will not give his number. Anyhow, I like your ……(6)…… We are all ……(7)…… him.
Ruchira: I don’t think our teacher is ……(8)…… but he says everything ……(9)…….
Once he gave me a wonderful gift so I am always ……(10)…… to him.
Answer:
1) hesitated
2) disturb
3) respect
4) disgraceful
5) certain
6) courage
7) afraid of
8) terrible
9) sternly
10) grateful

III. Read the following clues given below to complete the word ladder.

Clues

1. Sandhya said _____________ that she hated him.
2. Sridhar is a ____________ boy of 10 years old.
3. Jyothi used to sleep beside her _______________.
4. The garden is full of ________________ coloured flowers.
5. I met my friend Kumar on my _________________ home.
Answer:
1) crossly
2) young
3) granny
4) yellow
5) way

IV. Proverbs

A proverb is a short sentence, usually known to many people, stating something commonly experienced or giving advice. Here are some English proverbs:

• Tit for tat.
• Where there is a will there is a way.
• A bad workman always blames his tools.

Every language has proverbs. In Telugu we call them ‘saamethalu’. Here is one example from Telugu:
‘kukka kaatuki cheppu debba’. It is important to know the meaning of a proverb before you use it.

Match the parts under A and B to make some proverbs. You can use the clues given within the brackets.
A                                                                                                                     B
1. An apple a day(search for a profession)           [ ]                       a. is a friend indeed.
2. A friend in need (rhymes with friend)               [ ]                       b. saves nine.
3. Failure is (search for ‘achievement’)                  [ ]                       c. mightier than the sword.
4. A stitch in time (search for a number)               [ ]                      d. keeps the doctor away.
5. The pen is (search for a weapon)                       [ ]                      e. the stepping stone to success.
6. Empty vessels (search for noise)                        [ ]                       f. the mighty ocean.
7. Little drops of water make                                 [ ]                       g. seldom bite.
8. Honesty (ends with ‘cy’)                                     [ ]                       h. while the sun shines.
9. Make hay (search for planet)                              [ ]                       i. is the best policy.
10. Barking dogs (search for what dogs do)          [ ]                       j. make much noise
Answer:
l) d
2) a
3) e
4) b
5) c
6) j
7) f
8) i
9) h
10) g

Grammar

Simple Past Tense:

The second form of the verb (V₂ form) is used as simple past tense. It is used to express that some action was completed or not completed in the past.
In Affirmaive sentences, only the V₂ form, ‘did + V₁ form’ pattern is used for the simple past tense.
Example :
1. I went to Vikarabad yesterday.
2. He came to see me last night.
3. I did not go to school last Monday.
4. Sita did dance (Emphasizing the action) on this stage last month.

In interrogative sentences (Questions) and negative sentences, ‘did + V₁‘ pattern is used for the simple past tense.
Examples :
1. When did you see this film?
2. Did you give him the book yesterday?
3. I did not write the exam last Sunday.
4. Guruvardhan did not come here last Friday.

Past Continuous Tense:

Structure of this tense is as follows, was/were + Verb with ‘ing’ form.
Ex: was going, were doing, was singing, were writing, was teaching etc.
Use: We use the past continuous tense to express that certain action was going on at a certain time in the past.
Examples: Affirmative sentences
1. At 11 a.m. yesterday, I was writing the exam.
2. My mother was cooking when the postman came.
3. We were chatting when our English teacher entered the classroom.

Negative sentences
1. They were not studying at this time last night.
2. We were not playing when he arrived here.

Questions (Interrogative sentences)
1. What were you doing then?
2. Were they playing at this time yesterday?
3. Was he sleeping in your period this morning?

Look at the following sentences from the text.
1. Father was sitting under the lamp and reading the newspaper.
2. He looked over the newspaper.
Sentence 1 is in the past continuous form. It coveys that the action was in progress at a particular point of time in the past.
In sentence 2, the verb ‘looked’ is in the simple past tense. It shows that the action was completed in the past.

I. Pick out 5 sentences from the story that use the Simple Past Tense and 5 sentences that use the Past Continuous Tense. Write them down in your notebook.

5 sentences that use the Simple Past Tense:
1) The newspaper gave a detailed account of the boy’s fight with the tiger.
2) At last, some people came that way and killed the tiger.
3) Swami rose quietly from his place.
4) He cursed the newspaper that had printed the tiger’s story.
5) Swami hurriedly got up and spread his bed under the bench and crouched there.

5 sentences that use the Past Continuous Tense:
1) Father was standing over him.
2) Father was only joking.
3) A tiger was chasing him.
4) Something was moving in the darkness.
5) Swami was following the whole conversation from under the blanket.

II. Read the following paragraph and fill in the blanks with the simple past or the past continuous forms.

While Swami’s father ………………… (read) the newspaper, Swami …………………(listen) to it. His father ………………… (ask) him to sleep alone. But he ………………… (be) afraid of ghosts. He ………………… (want) to sleep in his grandmother’s room. While he ………………… (sleep), he …………………(have) a terrible dream. A tiger ………………… (chase) him and he …………………(try) to escape.
Answer:
1) was reading
2) was listening
3) asked
4) was
5) wanted
6) was sleeping
7) had
8) was chasing
9) was trying

Writing

I. Summarize the story using the following hints.

Swami ___ the news report ___ about a boy’s fight ___ father’s advice ___ sleeps in his grandmother’s room ___ father insists on sleeping alone ___ a terrible dream ___ catches a thief ___ becomes a hero.
Answer:
One day Swami’s father read out some news in some newspaper for his son, Swami. The news was about the bravery of a village lad who was returning home by the jungle path. The newspaper gave a detailed account of the boy’s fight with the tiger.

After listening to the news, Swami said that a boy could not be brave enough to fight with a tiger. Then Swami’s father asked him to prove his courage. For that, his father advised him . to sleep for some nights alone in his office room. He wanted his son to do it that night itself. But Swami went into the porch and slept beside his granny. Swami never slept alone. He always slept beside his granny.

Then his father came to Swami and woke him up. He insisted Swami on his sleeping alone in the office room that night. Swami tried to escape but in vain. So he had to sleep alone in darkness in his.father’s room that night. Then Swami had a terrible dream. He could not sleep. Suddenly he heard that someone was coming towards him. He thought he was a ghost. So, at once, to protect himself, Swami bit into the knee of a thief. The thief cried out. Father and a servant came and caught the thief. Swami became a hero.

II. Write about an act of bravery that you or your family member or any one of your friends may have shown at some stage in your life.

An act of my bravery

My father runs a jewellery shop. The shop is open on all days. But it is closed on Sundays.

One Sunday evening, I was returning home. after playing cricket with my friends. I was coming on my bicycle. On my way home, when I came to my father’s shop, I found my father’s shop was kept open. I was surprised to see it open as it was a Sunday. I got down my bicycle and put it behind a tree and stood there silently to see what was going to happen. A few minutes later, I saw two thieves coming from the shop with a bag of jewellery and keeping it in their car, kept outside the shop. They later, went again into the shop to bring some more.

At once, without any hesitation, I ran towards the car and took out the air from all the tyres. Then I rode on my bicycle to the nearby police station and informed the police about the theft.

The police took me in their jeep and came to the spot. Seeing the police, the thieves began to run. But the police chased them and caught hold of them. All our jewellery was kept back in the shop and then it was locked.
The police congratulated me on my act of bravery. All my friends and neighbours praised me for my bravery. I felt happy as I had saved our property.

III. Change the story of ‘A Hero’ into a drama and enact it.

• Read Swami’s story once again.
• Identify the characters.
• Pick out the dialogues of the characters.
• Identify the locations of the events.
• Decide scenes and setting accordingly.
• Assign roles to the members of the groups.
• Enact the drama before the whole class.

Answer:
Scene – I
Swami’s house with father sitting in a chair and reading a newspaper and his son Swami standing behind him.
Characters: Swami, his father and his granny.
Father: listen, Swami! I’ll read out an interesting news for you.
Swami: What’s it, Dad?
Father: it’s about the bravery of a village lad who was returning home by the jungle path.
Swami: What’s there in it about his bravery?
Father: He came face to face with a tiger and fought with it. Later he climbed on tâ thetop branch of a tree and stayed there for half-a-day. Later some village people came that way and killed the tiger.
Swami: That couldn’t be. I think he must be a grown-up person.
Father: Don’t think so. Age and strength don’t matter with regard to courage/bravery.
Swami: Suppose I am very brave. Can I fight with a tiger?
Father: O.K. I will test your courage. Tonight, sleep alone in the dark in my office room and prove your bravery.
Swami: I will do it next month. Please put it off.
Father: No, come on with me.
(Father puts Swami alone in his office room. He leaves him in the dark but keeps the doors open)

Scene – II
Place: Father’s office room. Swami is sleeping under a bench.
Characters: Swami, a burglar, Father.
Swami to himself: I don’t know why father is cruel to me in this manner. I wish the tiger had not spared the village lad.
A burglar to himself: The door is open. I will enter the room and steal the valuable things. (The burglar walks ¡n and steals something. He comes near the boy.
(Swami hears the sound of his walkin close to him.)
Swami to himself: What is this sound? I think a devil is coming to kill me. I must do something now. I will dig my teeth into its leg.
(When the burglar comes nearer, Swami digs his teeth into the knee of the burglar.)
The burglar: Oh! I was bitten.
(Hearing the sound, Father and a servant come into the room and catch the thief.)

Scene – III
Place: School
Characters: Swami, his friends, a teacher and the Headmaster.
Teacher: Oh! You have acted bravely. I appreciate you.
Swami: Thank you, teacher.
Friends: Swami, you have done a marvellous thing. Congrats.
Swami: It’s O.K.
H.M.: Swami, you are a true scout. You have proved y.our bravery. We are proud of you.
Swami: Thank you, Sir.
(But the next day on wards, Swami sleeps in his usual place.)

IV. Have a discussion in the whole class on how the performance could be improved in terms of delivery of dialogues, costumes, action, settings, etc.
A Skit on ‘A Hero’.
The performance could be improved and made humorous if it was as follows.
When father exits the office room –

Swami: I am afraid I can’t be alone. What should I do? idea! I shall go unnoticed to himself into my father’s bed room, pick up his cell-phone and call my close friend, Guruvardhan.
(The boy tiptoes into his father’s bed room, picks up his mobile, comes out and makes phone call to his friend, Guruvardhan.)
Swami: HelIo Guru! I’m Swami.
Guruvardhan: Hello Swami ! What’s the matter? Why are you calling me at this time? Any problem?
Swami: Yes, Guru. Can you come to my house now and spare an hour with me?
Guruvardhan: Why?
Swami: I’ll tell you here. Please do come soon.
(Swami deletes the number of his friend from his father’s mobile from dialed numbers, keeps it there and comes back into his father’s office room. Half an hour later, his friend enters the room)

Swami : Hai! Come in. I feel bored being alone.
Guruvardhan: Why alone here?
Swami: My father does this as a test for my bravery. Give me some idea.
(Guruvardhan think over it for a while)
Guruvardhan: I’ll take some valuable things from this office room and throw them scattered at the gate of your house and go back home. Half an hour later, you cry out Thief, thief, I can’t chase him. Please help” and walk hurriedly to the gate. Your father comes. Tell him you are trying to catch the thief who entered and stole the things. Also tell him he has left them there and escaped. Your father then appreciates your bravery. How is it?
Swami: It’s a good idea. Let’s do it at once.
(They implement their plan. His friend has gone home, leaving the things at the gate)
Swami: Thief, thief! catch him. (Shouts loudly)
(His father and a servant come there with a torchlight in hands.)
Father: Where is the thief? What has happened?
Swami: Dad! A thief has entered the office room and stole some valuable things.
I heard the sound and cried. He began to run. I tried to catch him. But he escaped, leaving these things here.
Father: (looking at them) Oh! these are very valuable. Had I lost them, I would have been in great trouble. Really you have done a very good job. I appreciate your bravery.
(All the members of his family praise him.)

Can you solve these letter riddles?
1. What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
2. What letter is a part of the head?
3. What letter is a drink?
4. What letter is a body of water?
5. What letter is a pronoun like “you”?
6. What letter is an exclamation?
7. What letter is looking for causes?
8. Why is the letter “T” like an island?
Answer:
1. the letter is’B’.
2. the letter is ‘I’.
3. the letter is ‘T’.
4. the letter is ‘C’.
5. the letter is ‘U’
6. the letter is’O’
7. the letter is ‘Y’
8. ‘T’ is like an island because it is in the middle of water.

Study Skills

Change the words given in the box into different parts of speech. Some words may not have all the forms given in the table. You may use a dictionary if you like.

Try these tongue twisters

Three grey geese in a green field grazing.
Double bubble gum bubbles double.
Selfish Sal sells shell-fish.
How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood?

Listening and Speaking

I. Your teacher will read the story ‘Carried away by an Eagle’. Listen carefully and answer the questions that follow.

We often speak in fun about a bird carrying away a child. A mother might say to her little one, “Don’t be naughty, or a crow will carry you away.” But do such things really happen?

The following story however, is from real life. The place was a farmhouse near Trondheim in Norway. It was June 1932. A four-year-old child, Svenhild Hansen, was playing in the yard in front of the farmhouse. Suddenly a large eagle came down. It caught hold of the child in its claws and flew up. Luckily, only the child’s dress was held in his claws, so the child was not hurt.

The big bird carried the child for more than a kilometre. It was flying towards its nest. Eagles build their nests on high rocks. This one’s nest was on the side of a mountain.Growing tired, the bird put the child down on a flat rock. This rock was eight hundred feet high on the side of the mountain. The bird’s nest was just fifty feet away.

But by this time, the child’s mother and father, and a large party of men had set out to look for the child. They noticed the eagle flying round and round over a rock in the mountain. They thought that the child might be there, and climbed quickly to the place. But they did not have much hope that they would find her alive.

When they finally reached there, the little Svenhild was fast asleep. She was not even hurt except for a few scratches.

People say that usually, an eagle kills the animal it catches, before taking it to its nest. Why didn’t the eagle kill the child? We do not know. We can only say that the child was very, very lucky.
Svenhild is now a grown-up woman. She is married. But she still keeps the tom dress she wore during this amazing adventure.

1. How old was the child when she was picked up by the eagle?
Answer:
She was four years old.

2. In which country did the child live when she was picked up by the eagle?
Answer:
Norway.

3. Why did the eagle leave the child on a rock?
Answer:
Because the eagle grew very tired then.

4. Why did the eagle fly round and round over the rock?
Answer:
Because the girl was put down on that rock.

5. Why do you think that the girl was lucky?
Answer:
Because she was neither killed nor hurt.

6. Why do you think Svenhild still keeps the tom dress?
Answer:
To remember that amazing adventure.

II. Work in groups and retell the story ‘Carried away by an Eagle’ in your own words.

A four-year old girl named Svenhild Hansen, was in the yard in front of the farm house near Trondheium in Norway, in June 1932. Suddenly, she was picked up by the a large eagle in its claws. The bird was carrying the child away towards its nest on the side of a mountain. The girl’s dress was held in the claws of the eagle and so she was not hurt.

Being tired, the eagle put the girl on a flat rock on the side of a mountain. The bird’s nest was just 50 feet away.

Then the child’s parents came there with a large party of men who had noticed the eagle flying round and round over a rock in the mountain. They thought that the eagle might have killed the girl there. They climbed quickly to the place.

To their surprise and happiness, they found the girl fast asleep. She was not hurt except for a few scratches. Really she was lucky. The girl grew up and got married. But she kept the tom dress with her to recollect that amazing adventure.

A Hero Summary in English

One day Swami’s father was sitting under the hall lamp and reading the newspaper. When Swami came to him, he read out the news of the bravery of a village lad who was returning home by the jungle path. The lad, then, came face to face with a tiger. But he was not frightened. Instead, he flew up to a tree and stayed on it for half a day. At last some people came that way and killed the tiger. Then Swami told his father that a boy could not fight a tiger. His father said that courage is everything; strength and age don’t matter much. Swami’s father told Swami to prove his courage by sleeping alone in his office room that ^r night. Swami could not sleep alone. He always slept beside his granny in the porch. He would be trembling and awake all night if he did not sleep beside his granny. So he requested his father to let him do it from the first of next month. But his father did not agree. When Swami was sleeping by his granny as usual, his father came and woke him up. He then took him into his office room and order him to sleep on one of the benches in the room, alone. He put out the lights, but left the door open and went out. Swami was alone. He was afraid.

Swami spread his bed under the bench and crouched there. Soon he fell asleep. He had a dream that a tiger was chasing him. Swami tried to open his eyes but failed. So he groaned in despair.

Suddenly Swami heard a little rustling noise in the darkness. Swami was afraid that a devil was coming. But it was nothing but a thief that entered the office room as the door was kept open. The thief came very close to him. At once Swami clutched his leg and dug his teeth in.        .

The thief, then,, cried out that something had bitten his leg. Everyone in the house was awakened by the loud noise. Father and a servant came running with a light. Both of them caught hold of the thief. The thief was later taken a way by the police.

The next day, Swami’s classmates praised him. His teacher patted him for his courage and bravery. The headmaster said that Swami had bitten into the knee of a notorious house ­breaker and the police were grateful to him. ,

When father returned home that night, Swami, instead of sleeping alone in the office room, was seen sleeping beside his granny. His mother stopped his father from wakening him up.

A Hero Glossary

crossly (adv): a little angrily

scowl (n): an angry look or expression.

porch (n): a covered entrance to a building; a verandah.

sternly (adv): seriously and strictly.

disgraceful (adj): very bad; shameful.

tiptoed (v): walked quietly on the tips of his toes

curled (v): drew up his legs close to the body and curved his back

snoring (v): breathing roughly and noisily while sleeping

stirred (v): moved slightly

groaned (v): made a deep sad sound.

pleaded (v): requested

scorpions (n): small creatures with a poisonous sting in the long tail

laughing-stock: someone or something which seems stupid

tumbling (v): falling helplessly

scout (n): one who is trained in doing acts of public service

notorious (adj): well-known for some bad quality or act

faint (v): likely to lose consciousness

crouched (v): bent the knees close to the body in fear

encased (v): covered himself completely

crawled (v): moved slowly, keeping the body close to the ground

bravery (n): courage

lad (n): boy

path (n): way

jungle (n): forest

account (n): a written or spoken description of something that has happened,

coward (n): timid

beside (prep): by the side of

tremble (v): shake in a way that you cannot control

humbly (adv): politely

quietly (adv): silently (without making a noise)

whispered (v): spoke in a very low voice so that others could not hear it well

commanded (v): strongly ordered

SCERT AP 7th Class Maths Solutions Pdf Chapter 7 Ratio and Proportion Ex 7.1 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Maths Solutions 7th Lesson Ratio and Proportion Ex 7.1

Question 1.
Pavan and Roshan started a business with ₹ 1,50,000 and ₹ 2,00,000 respectively. After nine months Roshan left the business. At the end of the year, they got a profit of ₹ 45,000. Then find the profits shared by Pavan and Roshafi.
Answer:
Given Pavan’s investment =₹ 150000
Pavan’s period in business = 1 year = 12 months
Roshan’s investment = ₹ 200000
Rohan’s period in business = 9 months

The ratio of investments of Pavan to Roshan = 150000 : 200000 = 3 : 4
The ratio of periods of business of Pavan to Roshan = 12 : 9 = 4 : 3
The profit should be distributed on the basis of the compound ratio of investments and period = 3 : 4 and 4 : 3 is
3 × 4 : 4 × 3 = 12 : 12

Therefore, compound Ratio =1:1 (i.e.,) they should share profit equally. Profit = ₹ 45,000
Total parts = 1 + 1 = 2
Pavan’s profit = 45000 × \(\frac{1}{2}\) = ₹ 22500
Roshan’s profit = 45000 – 22500 = ₹ 22,500

Question 2.
Salman started a hotel with an amount of ₹ 75,000. After 5 months Deepak joined with an amount of ₹ 80,000. At the end of the year they earned a profit of ₹ 73,000. How will they share their profit?
Answer:
Given Salman’s investment = ₹ 75000
Salman’s period in business = 1 year = 12 months
Deepak’s investment = ₹ 80000 Deepak’s period in business = 7 months
The ratio of investments of Salman to Deepak = 75000 : 80000 = 15 : 16
The ratio of periods of business of Salman to Deepak = 12 : 7

The profit should be distributed on the basis of compound ratio of 15 : 16 and 12 : 7 is
15 × 12 : 16 × 7 = 180 : 112
= 45 : 28
Therefore, compound ratio = 45 : 28
Profit = ₹ 73,000
Total parts = 45 + 28 = 73

∴ Salman’s profit = 73000 × \(\frac{45}{73}\)
= ₹ 45000

Deepak’s profit = 73000 × \(\frac{28}{73}\)
= ₹ 28,000

Question 3.
Ramayya took a grass field for rent for grazing his 24 cows. After 5 months, Somayya also joined with him for his 40 cows. At the end year they paid a rent of ₹ 35,500. What would be the rent paid by each of them?

Answer:
Given number of cows grazed by Ramayya = 24
Grazed months 1 year =12 months.
Number of cows grazed by Somayya = 40
Grazed months = 7 months.

The ratio number of grazed cows
= 24 : 40 = 3 : 5

The ratio of months grazed = 12 : 7
The rent should be distributed on the basis of compound ratio of 3 : 5 and 12 : 7 is
3 × 12 : 5 × 7 = 36 : 35

Therefore, compound ratio = 36 : 35
Annual Rent = ₹ 35,500
Total parts = 36 + 35 = 71

Rent paid by Rarnavya = 35,500 × \(\frac{36}{71}\)
= ₹ 18,000
Rent paid by Somaa = 35,500 × \(\frac{35}{71}\)
= ₹ 17,500

Question 4.
Ravi started a business with ₹ 2,10,000. After a few months, Prakash joined the business with an amount of ₹ 3,60,000. At the end of the year if they got a profit of ₹ 1,20,000 each, then find after how many months did Prakash join in the business?
Answer:
Given Ravi’s investment = ₹ 2,10,000
Ravi’s period in business = 1 year = 12 months
Prakash’s investment = ₹ 3,60,000

Let, Prakash’s period in business = x months
The Ratio of investments of Ravi and Prakash = 210000 : 360000 = 7 : 12
The ratio of periods of business of Ravi to Prakash = 12 : x

The profit should distributed on the basis of compound ratio of 7 : 12 and 12 : x is
7 × 12 : 12 × x = 84 : 12x
= 7 : x
Therefore, compound ratio = 7 : x
They got equal profits.

So, Total profit = 120000 + 120000 = ₹ 2,40,000
Total parts = 7 + x
So, x = 7
So Prakash joined after (12 – 7) = 5 months
Prakash’s period in business = x
= 7 months
So, Prakash joined in business after (12 – 7) = 5 months.