Class 7

SCERT AP 7th Class Maths Solutions Pdf Chapter 10 Construction of Triangles Ex 10.1 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Maths Solutions 10th Lesson Construction of Triangles Ex 10.1

Question 1.
Construct ∆ABC with measurements such that AB = 3.5 cm, BC = 4 cm and AC = 4.5 cm.
Answer:
Given sides of ∆ABC are AB = 3.5 cm, BC = 4 cm and AC = 4.5 cm.

Steps of Construction:

1. Draw a rough sketch of the triangle and label it with the given measurements.
2. Draw a line segment BC of length 4 cm.
3. Draw an arc with centre B and radius 3.5 cm.
4. Draw another arc with centre C and radius 4.5 cm to intersect the previous arc at A.
5. Join AB and AC.
   Thus, required ∆ABC is constructed with the given measurements.

Question 2.
Construct an equilateral triangle PQR with side PQ = 5.5 cm
Answer:
Given sides of an equilateral triangle ∆PQR is PQ = 5.5 cm.
In an equilateral triangle all sides are equal in length.
∴ PQ = QR = PR = 5.5 cm

Steps of Construction:

1. Draw a rough sketch of the triangle and label it with the given measurements.
2. Draw a line segment PQ of length 5.5 cm.
3. Draw an arc with centre P arid radius 5.5 cm.
4. Draw another arc with centre Q and the same radius (5.5 cm) to intersect the previous arc at R.
5. Join PR and QR.
   Thus, required ∆PQR is constructed with the given measurements.

Question 3.
Construct ∆XYZ with measurements XY = 3.5 cm, YZ = 5 cm and ZX = 3.5 cm. Which type of triangle is this ? . ‘
Answer:
Given sides of the ∆XYZ are XY = 3.5 cm, YZ 5 cm and ZX = 3.5 cm. In ∆XYZ two sides (XY = ZX = 3.5 cm) are equal.
So, ∆XYZ is an isosceles triangle.

Steps of Construction:

1. Draw a rough sketch of the triangle and label it with the given measurements.
2. Draw a line segment YZ of length 5 cm.
3. Draw an arc with centre Y and radius 3.5 cm.
4. Draw another arc with centre Z and same radius (3.5 cm) to intersect the previous arc at X.
5. Join XY and XZ.
   Thus, required ∆XYZ is constructed with the given measurements.

Question 4.
Construct a triangle with measurements of 5 cm, 3 cm and 4.5 cm.
Answer:
Given sides of the ∆ADI are AD = 5 cm, AI = 3 cm, DI = 4.5 cm.

Steps of Construction:

1. Draw a rough sketch of the triangle, and label it with the given measurements.
2. Draw a line segment with AD = 5 cm.
3. Draw an arc with centre A and radius 3 cm.
4. Draw another arc with centre D and radius 4.5 cm to intersect the previous arc at I.
5. Join AI and DI.
   Thus, required AADI is constructed with the given measurements.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Important Questions Unit 6

7th Class English Important Questions Unit 6

Section – A: Reading Comprehension

A. Reading

1. Read the following passage carefully.
Father was sitting under the hall lamp and reading the newspaper. He looked over the newspaper and said, “Swami, listen to this: News has been received about the bravery of a village lad who was returning home by the jungle path. While he was in the middle of the jungle, he came face to face with a tiger.” The newspaper gave a detailed account of the boy’s fight with the tiger. It also described how the boy flew up a tree where he stayed half a day. At last some people came that way and killed the tiger.
Now answer the following questions.
1) What was father doing?
2) What did father read in the newspaper?
3) Who was father speaking to?
4) What happened to the boy?
5) How did the boy escape from the tiger?
Answer:
1) Father was reading a newspaper.
2) Father read about a young boy who had fought bravely with a tiger.
3) Father was speaking to Sawmi, his son.
4) One day when he was travelling through a jungle he came face to face with a tiger. He bravely fought with a tiger.
5) The boy flew up a tree and he stayed half a day. At last some people came that way and killed the tiger. Thus the boy escaped from the tiger.

2. Read the following passage carefully.
“You think you know better than the newspaper?” Father said crossly. “A man may have the strength of an elephant and yet be a coward. “Another may be a mere skeleton; but if he has real courage, he can do anything. Courage is everything; strength and age don’t matter much.” “How can that be?” said Swami. “Suppose I had a lot of courage, but what could do if a tiger attacked me?”
Now answer the following questions.
1) Who does ‘you’ here refer to?
2) What does father say about courage?
3) Have strength and age anything to do with courage?
4) What is Swami’s belief about courage?
5) Do you think Swami is brave? How can you say?
Answer:
1) ‘You’ here refers to Swami.
2) Father says strength has nothing to do with courage weak people may be courageous and
strong people may not be courageous.
3) Strength and age have nothing to do with courage.
4) Swami believes that though people are courageous they can not face risks and dangers.
5) No. Swami is not courageous. He feels that he is courageous but he Says he can not face and fight with a tiger.

3. Read the following passage.
“Can you prove you have courage?” said Father with a scowl. “Let me see if you can sleep alone tonight in my office room.”
Swami had always slept beside his granny in the porch. The two always had their beds side by side. Any change in this arrangement kept him trembling and awake all night.
He hoped at first that Father was only joking. He tried to change the topic by saying, “Father, our captain says we shall have some elders also in our cricket club. He has asked me to tell you.” “We’ll see about that later,” Father cut in. “Hereafter you must sleep alone.” “From the first of next month, I’ll sleep alone,” Swami said very humbly, trying to please Father.“No, you must do it right from today,” Father said sternly. “Sleeping beside Granny or Mother like a baby is disgraceful. You are now in the Fifth Standard and I don’t like the way you are being brought up.”
Now answer the following questions.
1) What should Swami do to prove his courage?
2) Where does Swami always sleep?
3) “Any change in this arrangement kept him-trembling and awake all night.” – What does this tell us about Swami?
4) Why did father insist Swami to sleep alone?
5) What is disgraceful?
Answer:
1) Swami should sleep lonely in his father’s office room to prove his courage.
2) Swami always sleeps beside his grandmother in the Verandah.
3) This tells us that Swami is timid.
4) Swami’s wanted to make his to son courageous by making him sleep alone at night.
5) Sleeping beside his mother or grandmo’ther is disgraceful for a boy like Swami.

4. Read the following passage.
“Get up, Swami,” Father commanded. He looked like a ghost in the semi-darkness of the porch. Swami stirred and groaned as if in sleep.“Get up, Swami,” said Father a second time. “Why do you disturb him?” Granny pleaded.
“Get up, Swami,” said Father for the third time and Swami got up.
Father rolled up his bed, took it under his arm and said, “Come with me.”
Swami looked at Granny, hesitated for a moment, and then followed his father into the office room. “Let me sleep in the hall, Father,” Swami pleaded. “Your office room is very dusty and there may be scorpions behind your law books.”
“There are no scorpions, boy. You can sleep on the bench if you like.”
“Can I have a lamp burning in the room?”
“No. You must learn to be brave. You must not be afraid of darkness; it is only a question of habit.” It Will you at least leave the door open?” Swami said very humbly.
Now answer the following questions.
1) “Swami stirred and groaned as if in sleep” – What does this tell us? Was Swami really in sleep?
2) What do you understand about father after reading this passage?
3) “Swamy looked at Granny” – Why did Swami look at Granny?
4) What complaints did Swami make against sleep in his father’s room?
5) Why did father insist Swami to sleep in his office room?
Answer:
1) Swami was pretending that he was sleeping. Actually he was not sleeping.
2) Father is obstinate and commanding. He does not listen to any suggestions from anyone, if he decides to do anything.
3) Supposing that his grandmother would at least persuade his father not to make him sleep alone, Swami looked at his grandmother.
4) Swami complained that his father’s office room was dusty and there might be some scorpions behind his law books.
5) Father wishes that Swami should not be afraid of darkness. So he insisted Swami to sleep lonely in his office room.

5. Read the following passage.
Swami was pained and angry. He did not like the cruelty his father was showing. He cursed the newspaper that had printed the tiger’s story. He wished that the tiger had not spared the boy.
The night advanced and the silence in the house deepened. Swami’s heart began to beat faster. He remembered all the stones of devils and ghosts he had heard. He was almost faint with fear.

Now answer the following questions.
1) Why was Swami pained and angry?
2) What did he not like?
3) Why did he curse the newspaper?
4) Why did the boy wish that the tiger had not spared the boy?
5) What made Swami almost faint?
Answer:
1) Usually he used to sleep beside his grandmother in the verandah. But now he was forced to sleep alone in his father’s office room. This made Swami pained and angry.
2) Swami did not like the cruelty his father shown in making him sleep alone.
3) If the newspaper had not published the story of a brave boy, there would not have been a discussion about his courage and his father would not have asked him to sleep alone. So Swami cursed the newspaper for publishing the story of the brave boy.
4) If the tiger had not spared the boy and killed him, then the story would have been different, there would not have been a discussion, about courage and bravery between Swami and his father. So Swami wished that the tiger had not spared the boy.
5) 1) Swami was alone in the room.
2) The darkness and silence of the room made him frightened.
3) He remembered the stories of devils.
4) All these things made him almost faint with fear.

6. Read the following passage.
He heard a little rustling noise in the room.
“What can this be?” thought Swami and slowly opened his eyes.
Something was moving in the darkness. Swami lay gazing at it in horror. He was certain – that his end had come. The devil would soon pull him out and tear him to pieces!
“So what is the use of waiting?” Swami thought.
As it came nearer, Swami crawled out from under the bench. At once he clutched its leg and dug his teeth in.
There was a painful cry: “Aiyo! Something has bitten me.” Then there was heavy tumbling and falling amidst furniture. Everyone in the house was awakened by the loud noise. In a moment, Father and a servant came running with a light.
Now answer the following questions.
1) What was the rustling noise he heard?
2) Who does ‘he1 here refer to?
3) ‘What can this be?’ – What did Swami think it could be?
4) “So what is the use of waiting?” – What did Swami do? Why did he do so though he was timid?
5) “Aiyo! Something has bitten me.” – Who made this cry? What had bitten him?
Answer:
1) The burglar must have stepped on some papers, So it must have made a rustling stone.
2) ‘He’ here refers to Swami.
3) Swami thought that it could be a devil.
4) 1) Swami thought it was a devil. He thought it would drag him from under the bench and tear him into pieces the devil.
2) But he did not want to give a chance to harm him.
3) Whenever you are in a danger or risk, you should not let it to consume you. With your spontaneity and right-thinking at right time, you’ve to attack and try to overcome it. So Swami also did the right thing by biting the burglar hard.
5) The burglar made that cry. Swami had bitten him.

7. Read the following passage.
The next day was a day of congratulations for Swami. His classmates looked at him with respect. His teacher patted his back for his courage and bravery. The headmaster said that he was a true scout. Swami had bitten into the knee of a notorious house-breaker and the police were grateful to him.
Now answer the following questions.
1) Why was Swami congratulated?
2) How was he treated at school?
3) What was Swami patted for by the teachers?
4) How did the headmaster praise Swami?
5) Why were the police grateful to him?
Answer:
1) Swami was congratulated for catching a notorious criminal.
2) At school his classmates looked at him with respect and his teachers patted his back for his courage and bravery.
3) His teachers patted Swami for his courage and bravery.
4) The headmaster praised Swami as a true scout.
5) Swami caught a notorious house-breaker by biting his knee. So the police were grateful to him.

B. Reading

1. Read the following lines.

My plane was just about to crash.
So, I grabbed my bag and
Took out my big blue parachute
to glide me down and land.
At last, I found a spot to land.
But there was a big breeze.
And so, I had to painfully
land on these sharp pine trees.
I was then filled with bruises as a pine fell on my ear.
I sat down on the ground to rest.
Now answer the following questions.
1) What was going to happen?
2) How did the poet want to save himself?
3) What was the problem in landing?
4) What happened when the poet landed on the pine tree?
5) What did the poet do finally?
Answer:
1) The poet’s plane was going to crash.
2) with the help of a parachute
3) There was a big breeze and so the poet had to land painfully on the sharp pine trees.
4) When he landed on the pine trees he was wounded and there were bruises on hip body.
5) Finally he sat down on the ground to rest.

Additional Questions (i):
1) What happened to the plane?
2) How did the speaker use the parachute?
3) Where did the poet land?
4) Why Wouldn’t he land on the selected spot?
5) What is the colour of the parachute?
Answer:
1) The plane was about to crash.
2) for gliding down
3) He landed on the sharp pine trees.
4) because there was a big breeze
5) The parachute is in blue colour.

Additiional Questions (ii):
1) Who does T here refer to?
2) What did the speaker do when his plane was about to crash?
3) Why did he take out his parachute?
4) Why had he to land painfully?
5) What did he find at last?
6) What was the adventure He did?
7) Pick out the rhyming words.
Answer:
1) ‘I’ here refers to an imaginative boy.
2) He took his parachute out of his bag and jumped out of the crashing plane.
3) He took out his parachute thinking that it would help him glide down to ground.
4) There was a big breeze. Parachute was unable to land on a safe place so he had to land painfully.
5) At last he found a spot on the land.
6) He jumped out of the crashing plane and reached to the ground safely with the help of a parachute.
7) and – land; breeze – trees;

2. Read the following stanza.
I was then filled with bruises as
a pine fell on my ear.
I sat down on the ground to rest.
A thorn then poked me.
I slept on the ground frantically.
Mosquitoes bit my nose.
Bugs crept all over me
and tickled my body.

Now answer the follpwing questions.
1) Why was he filled with bruises?
2) Why did he sit down on the ground?
3) What poked him?
4) Which line in the stanza suggests that the speaker was dreaming?
5) What do you think that thorn could be?
6) How did he sleep?
7) What does the word ’frantically’ mean?
8) What crept all over his body?
9) What tickled his body?
10) Which word in the stanza gives the meaning of “an injury.”
Answer:
1) He landed on the sharp pine trees. So he was filled with bruises.
2) He sat on the ground to take rest.
3) A thorn poked him.
4) The line “I had to painfully land on these sharp pine trees.” Suggests us that he was dream¬ing.
5) Actually he was in a deep sleep. The thorn that poked him could be a sting of a mosquito.
6) He slept anxiously.
7) The word ‘frantically’ means ‘very anxiously’.
8) Some bugs crept all over his body.
9) The bugs which crept all over his body tickled his body.
10) bruises

3. Read the following stanza.

I scratched myself when I woke up,
appearing like a fool.
And after the whole thing I thought
I’d rather go to school.

Now answer the following questions.
1) Why did he scratch himself?
2) Why did the speaker feel like a fool?
3) What did the speaker finally want to do?
4) ‘And after the whole thing’ – What does’ the whole thing’ here mean?
5) List out the rhyming words in the stanza.
Answer:
1) He scratched himself to know whether it was real or he was in dream.
2) The speaker felt like a fool because he had dreamed a nasty adventure, which he actually could not attempt.
3) The speaker finally wanted to go to school.
4) The ‘whole thing,’ here means ‘the whole dream of his nasty adventure.’
5) ‘fool – school’ are the rhyming words in the stanza.

C. Reading

1. Read the following passage.
Kunwar Singh was the first to visit me the day I was given my first gun. I was eight then. He came early, and I put the old double-barrelled gun into his hands with great pride. He laid ‘the gun aside and said to me, “You are no longer a boy, but a man: and with this good gun you can go anywhere you like in the jungles and never be afraid provided you learn how to climb trees. I’ll now tell you a story to show how necessary it is for us, who shoot in the jungles, to know how to climb trees.
Now answer the following questions.
1) Who does ‘I’ here refer to?
2) Who was the first to’visit him when he was given the gun?
3) How old was the speaker when he was given the gun?
4) What should one learn to be courageous besides having a gun according to Kunwar Singh?
5) What is necessary for the hunters according to Kunwar Singh?
6) What do you think was the speaker?
Answer:
1) ‘I’ here refers to Jim Corbett.
2) Kunwar Singh was the first to visit him the day he was given the gun.
3) Jim Corbett was eight years old when he was given a gun.
4) Every hunter should leam to climb a tree besides having a gun to protect himself.
5) According to Kunwar Singh learning to climb trees is necessary for a hunter.
6) I think, the speaker was a hunter.

2. Read the following passage.
Har Singh and I went to shoot one day last April. We started when the stars were paling. Since we found nothing to shoot, we started for home towards evening. While we were taking a sandy nullah that ran through dense scrub and thorn-bamboo jungle, a tiger was looking at us. It stared at us for some time but went back.

Now answer the following questions.
1) Who does ‘I’ here refer to?
2) When did they start for shooting?
3) Why did they start towards home?
4) Where did they come across a tiger?
5) What did the tiger do?
Answer:
1) ‘I’ here refers to Kunwar Singh.
2) They started for shooting at the break of the dawn.
3) When they found nothing to shoot, they started towards home in the evening.
4) They came across a tiger in a dense scrub.
5) The tiger stared at them for some time and went back.

3. Read the following passage.
The tiger sprang at him and he was screaming. Now 1 fired the gun off into the air. The tiger went away and Har Singh collapsed at the foot of the tree. I climbed down very silently and went to Har Singh. I found that one of the tiger’s claws had entered his stomach and tom the lining from his navel to within a few fingers’ breadth of the back-bone. All his inside had fallen out. I could not know what to do. Har Singh told me to put his intestines back into his stomach. I stuffed them all back along with the dry leaves, grass and twigs that stuck to them.
Now answer the following questions.
1) “….. he was screaming” – Who does ‘he’ here refer to?
2) Who does ‘I’ here refer to?
3) What did the speaker do to frighten away the tiger?
4) Why was Har Singh collapsed?
5) “All his inside had fallen out.” – Why?
6) “All his inside had fallen out.” – What had fallen out?
7) What did Har Singh ask the speaker to do?
8) “I stuffed them all back” – What do ‘them’ here refer to?
9) How did Kunwar Singh stuff them in?
10) What did the speaker find when he climbed down the tree?
Answer:
1) ‘He’ here refers to Har Singh.
2) ‘I’ here refers to Kunwar Singh.
3) The speaker fired his gun off into the air to frighten away the tiger.
4) The tiger had torn his stomach off and his inner organs had fallen out. So he was collapsed.
5) The tiger had tom his stomach off and all his inner organs had fallen out of his stomach.
6) All his inner organs such as the intestines had fallen out of his stomach.
7) Har Singh asked the speaker to put his intestines back into his stomach.
8) ‘Them’ here refers to his intestines.
9) Kunwar Singh stuffed the intestines in along with dry leaves, grass and twigs that stuck to them.
10) When he climbed down the tree the speaker found that the tiger had tom Har Singh’s stomach.

4. Read the following passage.
Later I wound my pugree (turban) round his stomach and knitted it tight to keep everything from falling out again. We started for home walking for seven miles. I led the way and Har Singh followed me. Holding the pugree in position Har Singh told me that he wanted to . meet the doctor. We walked for the extra three miles to the hospital. It was night and the hospital was closed. But the doctor-babu who lived nearby was awake. He asked me to call Aladia, the tobacco-seller. When I returned, the doctor had laid Har Singh on a string bed. Aladia held the lantern and I held the two pieces of flesh together. The doctor was very kind. He sewed up the hole in Har Singh’s stomach. I offered him two rupees but he refused to take it. When we went home, the women folk were crying.

Now answer the following questions.
1) Who is the speaker of these lines?
2) Who does ‘he’ here refer to?
3) Who do ‘we’ here refer to?
4) What did he wind up with his pugree?
5) Why did they walk extra three miles?
6) What was Aladia?
7) Why was Aladia sent for?
8) How can you say that the doctor was very kind?;
9) “…… to keep everything from falling out again.” – What does everything here refer to?
10) Why were the womenfolk crying?
Answer:
1) The speaker of these lines is Kunwar Singh.
2) ‘He’ here refers to Har Singh.
3) ‘We’ here refer to Kunwar Singh and Har Singh.
4) He wound up Har Singh’s torn stomach with his pugree.
5) Har Singh said that he wanted to meet the doctor. So they had to walk for three miles.
6) Aladia was a tobacco-seller.
7) Supposing that he would hold the lantern when Har Singh was operated on.
8) 1) The doctor agreed to operate on Har Singh though it was late at night:
2) He did not accept money that was offered to him by Kunwar Singh.
3) Thus we can say that the doctor was a very kind man.
9) ‘Everything’ here means everything that had fallen out from Har Singh’s stomach.
10) Women feared that something terrible must have happened to Kunwar Singh and Har Singh. When the two had not reached home even at late night the womenfolk at home were crying.

Unseen Comprehension

1. Read the following passage carefully.

The Sun has set, and the pond is still.
John, Ned, Ben, Tom and Nell stand on the bank and look at the duck.
The dog with a black spot on his back is with Tom. See ! Tom has his hat in his hand. He has left his toy car on the box.
Kitty’s doll is on the rock. Nell has put her pet in the cage. It will sing a sweet song. The duck has her nest under the rock.
It is not hot now. Let us run and skip on the bank. Do you not think it is fun.
Now answer the following questions.
1) Do you think it is fun? How?
Answer:
Yes, it is funny. The sun is net. It is not hot now. Weather is plant. There are a lot of friends to play. They have some play things and pets’too. So it is funny.

2) How many friends are there in total? Who are they?
Answer:
There are 6 friends in total. They are John, Ned, Ben, Tom, Nell, and Kitty.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
3) What do John, Ned, Ben, Tom and Nell look at from the hank?
a) A frog
b) A cat
c) A duck
Answer:
c) A duck

4) Where is Kitty’s doll?
a) In her arms
b) On the rock
c) By her side
Answer:
b) On the rock

5) Where is the duck’s nest?
a) In a tree
b) Under the rock
c) On the grass
Answer:
b) Under the rock

2. Read the following passage carefully.

Penguins are birds that can not fly. Their wings are flippers which they use to help them travel upto thirty miles per hour in water. They also use their flippers for – balancing as they walk.
Penguins eat fish. They spend most of their time in the water. Penguins lay their and raise their young on land.
There are many kinds of penguins. Emperor penguins are the largest species of penguin and can grow to be about four feet tall, and weigh about one hundred pounds. Some other well known penguins are the King, the Macaroni and the Adelie.

Now answer the following questions.
1) What do penguins do with their wings?
Answer:
Penguin wings are flippers which are used to swim.

2) Name some kind of penguins.
Answer:
The king, the Macaroni and the Adelie are some kinds of Penguins.

Choose the correct answer:
3) A penguin is a/an ( )
a) bird
b) reptile
c) animal
Answer:
a) bird

4) Which of the following is the largest penguin ? ( )
a) Emperor
b) Marconi
c) King
Answer:
a) Emperor

5) Penguins eat ( )
a) insects.
b) fish.
c) birds.
Answer:
b) fish.

3. Read the following passage carefully.

Annie and Rosa were walking home. It was just getting dark. They got to the big, gray house. They always hated walking by that house. It was old and empty. It had many broken windows. Everyone said it was haunted.
As they went by, they heard a strange noise. It – sounded like a baby cry. They stopped and looked around but could not see anyone. The noise was coming from the house.
Rosa was very brave. She walked all the way up to the house. Suddenly Rosa began to laugh. She pointed to the roof and said, “Look, Annie, there’s our ghost.”
Annie looked. The noise was coming from a sacred little kitten. The kitten was stuck on the roof. “Sometimes things are not what they seem,” Annie said.

Now answer the following questions.
1) What is the story about?
Answer:
The story is about a strange noise in a big, gray house.

2) What caused the strange noise?
Answer:
A sacred little kitten struck on the roof causing the strange noise.

Choose the correct answer :
3) When did the story take place? ( )
a) early morning
b) noon time
c) late afternoon
Answer:
c) late afternoon

4) What kind of person is Rosa? ( )
a) sad
b) tired
c) brave
Answer:
c) brave

5) They always hated the house because ( )
a) it was old and empty.
b) a ghost was living in it.
c) everyone said it was haunted.
Answer:
a) it was old and empty

4. Read the following passage carefully.

My mother took my sister and me to see a play at the arts center. The play was about an Indian chef who liked to make pies. It was an exciting play to watch because a thief took a pie from the chef’s house. This made the chef sad. The chef was filled with grief over the pie being taken and he told his friends he was very sad.
Then the chef and thief decided to have a cooking contest to see who could make the best pie. The thief made a pie. The thief wanted to ‘tie’ for first place with the chef. But the chef made the best pie and won the prize.
The thief did not win, but he went home with his pie and told his wife a lie that he had won the pie-cooking contest. The thief’s wife did not see a prize. There was no prize money or ribbon for a prize. This was a clue that her husband did not ‘tie’ with the chief in the pie contest and that his story was just not true.
The wife asked her husband (the thief) for the money that was due as he had borrowed her money to buy to ingredients needed for the pie. ‘Yes!” she smiled, you need to pay me back the money that is due !”
And when he did that, the thief and his wife had a piece of pie!

Now answer the following questions.
1) What lie did the thief tell his wife and why did he lie?
Answer:
The thief said that he had won the pie contest. He wanted to win.

2) How did the wife know the thief was not telling the truth?
Answer:
He did not have a ribbon or money to show that he had won the contest.

Choose the correct answer:
3) In the text, what did the chief like to do? ( )
a) He liked to bake cakes.
b) He liked to make cakes.
c) He liked to ride horses.
Answer:
b) He liked to make cakes.

4) What did the thief steal? ( )
a) a bag of gold
b) money
c) a pie from the chef’s house
Answer:
c) a pie from the chef’s house

5) Who among the following to won the ‘cooking pie’ contest? ( )
a) the thief
b) the chef
c) wife of the thief
Answer:
b) the chef

5. Read the following passage carefully.
The Gseat Sphinx is a lion with the head of person cut out of rock. It is a statue located in Egypt. Legends have been told about the Great Sphinx. Many of these stories talk about the sphinx being strong and wise. The statue is very large. The whole statue is 150 feet long with 50 feet long paws. The head is 30 feet long and 14 feet wide. Wind and sand have worn parts of the statue’s nose and some other parts of the statue away completely. These parts will be restoring.

Now answer the following questions.
1) Why is the sphinx getting fixed?
Answer:
Wind and sand have worn out parts of the statue’s nose and some other parts of the statue away completely.

2) What is called restoring?
Answer:
The process of the fixation of the worn out parts of the statue of sphinx is called restoring.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
3) Sphinx is located in ( )
a) France
b) Egypt
c) America
Answer:
b) Egypt

4) How long are the paws of the sphinx? ( )
a) 150 feet
b) 50 feet
c) 30 feet
Answer:
b) 50 feet

5) Sphinx is a statue with ( )
a) the head of a lion and the body of a man.
b) the head of a tiger and the body of a lion.
c) the head of a man and the body of a lion.
Answer:
c) the head of a man and the body of a lion.

Unseen (Data Interpretation)

1. Read the following table. The table gives the sales details for textbooks and reference books at Primary / Secondary / Higher Secondary / Graduate levels.

Now answer the following questions
1) What does the table show?
Answer:
The table shows the sales details for textbooks and reference books at primary/seconday/ higher secondary/ graduate levels.

2) The sales of which category of books had recorded consistent growth?
Answer:
The sales of Graduate level of books have recorded the consistent during the period of 1975 – 1980.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
3) The sale of which level books is maximum in the total period, i.e. from 1975-1980? ( )
a) Primary level
b) Secondary
c) Higher secondary
Answer:
c) Higher secondary

4) Which level books were sold maximum in the year 1975? ( )
a) Primary
b) Secondary
c) Higher Secondary
Answer:
c) Higher Secondary

5) The books of which level are sold least during 1975 – 1980? ( )
a) Primary level
b) Secondary level
c) Graduate level
Answer:
b) Secondary level

2. Read the following table.
Number of Engineering students at Institutes of different kind.

Now answer the following questions.
1) What does the table show?
Answer:
The table shows the number of engineering students studying at different institutes during the period 1989-89 to 1990-91.

2) What is the general trend of Engineering education?
Answer:
The general trend of engineering education has shown consistent growth during the given period.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
3) What was the total number of engineering students in 1989 – 90? ( )
a) 38500
b) 41500
c) 42500
Answer:
b) 41500

4) In which category of Engineering colleges highest number of students are studying Engineering? ( )
a) IITs
b) Govt. Engineering colleges
c) Private Engineering college
Answer:
c) Private Engineering college

5) In which category of colleges lowest number of students are studying Engineering? ( )
a) IITs
b) Govt. Engineering colleges
c) Regional Engineering colleges
Answer:
a) IITs

3. Read the following pie diagram.
Distribution of students at Graduate level in Seven Institutes named P, Q, R, S, T, M & N :

Now answer the following questions.
1) What does the above pie diagram show?
Answer:
The pie-chart shows the distribution of students at the Graduate level in seven institutes named P Q, R, S, T, M, N.

2) How many institutes are there in total?
Answer:
There are seven institutes in total.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
3) In which two institutes maximum number of students studied? ( )
a) N & P
b) R & M
c) Q & S
Answer:
b) R & M

4) In which two institutes least number of,students studied? ( )
a) Q & P
b) M & R
c) N & P
Answer:
c) N & P

5) The number of students of which college are exactly half of the sum of stu¬dents from Q & R ( )
a) P
b) Q
c) T
Answer:
c) T

Section – B: Creative Writing

1. Write about an act of bravery that you or your family member or any one of your friends may have shown at some stage in your life.
Answer:
An act of my bravery
My father runs a jewellery shop. The shop is open on all days. But it is closed on Sundays.
One Sunday evening, I was returning home after playing cricket with my friends. I was coming on my bicycle. On my way home, when I came to my father’s shop, I found my father’s shop was kept open. I was surprised to see it open as it was a Sunday. I got down my bicycle and put it behind a tree and stood there silently to see what was going to happen. A few minutes later, I saw two thieves coming from the shop with a bag of jewellery and keeping it in their car, kept outside the shop. They later, went again into the shop to bring some more.
At once, without any hesitation, I ran towards the car and took out the air from all the tyres. Then I rode on my bicycle to the nearby police station and informed the police about the theft.
The police took me in their jeep and came to the spot. Seeing the police, the thieves began to run. But the police chased them and caught hold of them. All our jewellery was kept back in the shop and then it was locked.
The police congratulated me on my act of bravery. All my friends and neighbours praised me for my bravery. I felt happy as I had saved our property.

2. Change the story of ‘A Hero’ into a drama.
Answer:
Scene-I
Swami’s house with father sitting in a chair and reading a newspaper and his son Swami standing behind him.
Characters: Swami, his father and his granny.
Father: Listen, Swami! I’ll read out an interesting news for you.
Swami: What’s it, Dad?
Father: It’s about the bravery of a village lad who was returning home by the jungle path.
Swami: What’s there in it about his bravery?
Father: He came face to face with a tiger and fought with it. Later he climbed on to the top branch of a tree and stayed there for half-a-day. Later some village people came that way and killed the tiger.
Swami: That couldn’t be. I think he must be a grown-up person.
Father: Don’t think so. Age and strength don’t matter with regard to courage/bravery.
Swami: Suppose I am very brave. Can I fight with a tiger?
Father: O.K. I will test your courage. Tonight, sleep alone in the dark in my office room and prove your bravery.
Swami: L will do it next month. Please put it off.
Father: No, come on with me.
(Father puts Swami alone in his office room. He leaves him in the dark but keeps the doors open)

Scene – II
Place: Father’s office room. Swami is sleeping under a bench.
Characters: Swami, a burglar, Father.

Swami to himself: I don’t know why father is cruel to me in this manner. I wish the tiger had not spared the village lad.
A burglar to himself: The door is open. I will enter the room and steal the valuable things. (The burglar walks in and steals something. He comes near the boy.
(Swami hears the sound of his walking close to him.)
Swami to himself: What is this sound? I think a devil is coming to kill me now. I will dig my teeth into its leg.
(When the burglar comes nearer, Swami digs his teeth into the knee of the burglar.) ‘
The burglar: Oh! I was bitten.
(Hearing the sound, Father and a servant come into the room and catch the thief.)

Scene – III
Place: School
Characters: Swami, his friends, a teacher and the Headmaster.
Teacher: Oh! You have acted bravely. I appreciate you.
Swami: Thank you, teacher.
Friends: Swami, you have done a marvellous thing. Congrats.
Swami: It’s O.K.
H.M.: Swami, you are a true scout. You have proved your bravery. We are proud of you.
Swami: Thank you, Sir.
(But the next day on wards, Swami sleeps in his usual place.)

3. Have a discussion in the whole class on how the performance could be im¬proved in terms of delivery of dialogues, costumes, action, settings, etc.
A Skit on ‘A Hero
The performance could be improved and made humorous if it was as follows.
When father exits the office-room
Swami (to himself): I am afraid I can’t be alone. What should I do? Idea! I shall go unnoticed into my father’s bed room, pick up his cell-phone and call my close friend, Guruvardhan.
(The boy tiptoes into his father’s bed room, picks up his mobile, comes out and makes a phone call to his friend, Guruvardhan.)
Swami: Hello Guru! I’m Swami.
Guruvardhan: Hello Swami! Whats the matter? Why are you calling me at this time? Any problem?
Swami: Yes. Guru. Can you come to my house now and spare an hour with me?
Guruvardhan: Why?
Swami: I’ll tell you here. Please do come soon.
(Swami deletes the number of his friend from his father’s mobile from dialed numbers, keeps it there and comes back into his fathers office room. Half an hour later, his friend enters the room)
Swami: Hai! Come in. I feel bored being alone.
Guruvardhan: Why alone here?
Swami: My father does this as a test for my bravery. Give me some idea.
(Guruvardhan thinks over it for a while)
Guruvardhan: I’ll take some valuable things from this office room and throw them scattered at the gate of your house and go back home. Half an hour later, you cry out Thief, thief, I cant chase .him. Please help’ and walk hurriedly to the gate. Your father comes. Tell him you are trying to catch the thief who entered and stole the things. Also tell him he has left them there and escaped. Your father then appreciates your bravery. How is it?
Swami: It’s a good idea. Let’s do it at once.
(They implement their plan. His friend has gone home, leaving the things at the gate)
Swami: Thief, thief! catch him. (Shouts loudly)
(His father and a servant come there with a torchlight in hañds.)
Father: Where is the thief? What has happened?
Swami: Dad! A thief has entered the office room and stole some valuable things. I heard the sound and cried. He began to run. I tried to catch him. But he escaped. leaving these things here.
Father: (looking at them) Oh! these are very valuable. Had I lost them, I would have been in great trouble. Really you have done a very good job.
I appreciate your bravery.
(All the members of his family praise him.)

4. In the lesson ‘A Hero’ you have read a conversation based on the news from a newspaper. Swami’s family discussed the bravery of a village boy who fought with a tiger. Imagine that you were Swamy and describe your feelings when you came face to face with a tiger.
You may use the following hints to describe your feelings :
Big tiger – staring at me – very ferocious – what to do – run away – hide in the bushes – search for stones – no weapons – nobody nearby – can’t shout for help – gets idea – fight with all energy – kick the tiger on its face – run and climb the tall tree – call the villagers – rescue – kill the tiger.
Answer:
Once I was walking through a thicket. It was a sunny afternoon. I was walking alone. No one was there. At once I saw a big tiger behind a bush. It was staring at me. It was ferocious. I was frightened. I did not know what to do. I was unable to decide whether to run away from there or hide in the bushes. Since I had no weapons I searched for stones. There was nobody nearby. I could riot shout for help. Then I got an idea. I decided to fight with all energy. I kicked the tiger on its face. I ran and climbed a tall tree. I called the villagers. They came running and rescued me by killing the tiger.

5. Summarize the story using the following hints.
Swami – the news report – about a boy’s fight – father’s advice – sleeps in his grandmother’s room – father insists on sleeping alone – a terrible dream – catches a thief – becomes a hero.
Answer:
One day Swami’s father read out some news in some newspaper for his son, Swami. The news was about the bravery of a village lad who was returning home by the jungle path. The newspaper gave a detailed account of the boy’s fight with the tiger.
After listening to the news, Swami said that a boy could not be brave enough to fight with a tiger. Then Swami’s father asked him to prove his courage. For that, his father advised him to sleep for some nights alone in his office room. He wanted his son to do it that night itself. But Swami went into the porch and slept beside his granny. Swami never slept alone. He always slept beside his granny.
Then his father came to Swami and woke him up. He insisted Swami on his sleeping alone in the office room that night. Swami tried to escape but in vain. So he had to sleep alone in darkness in his father’s room that night. Then Swami had a terrible dream. He could not sleep. Suddenly he heard that someone was coming towards him. He thought he was a ghost. So, at once, to protect himself, Swami bit into the knee of a thief. The thief cried out. Father and a servant came and caught the thief. Swami became a hero.

Vocabulary

1. Read the following paragraph and write the synonyms of the underlined words choosing the words from the words given in the box.

1.

“Swami, listen to this: News has been received about the bravery (a) of a village lad (b) who was returning home by the jungle (c) path (d). While he was in the middle of the jungle, he came face to face with a tiger.”

2.

“Can you prove you have courage (a)” said Father with a scowl (b). “Let me see if you can sleep, alone tonight in my office room.”
Swami had always slept beside his granny in the porch (c). The two always had their beds side by side. Any change in this arrangement kept him trembling (d) and awake all night.

3.

“From the first of next month, I’ll sleep alone,” Swami said very humbly (a), trying to please (b) Father.“No, you must do it right from today,” Father said sternly (c). “Sleeping beside Granny or Mother like a baby is disgraceful (d). You are now in the Fifth Standard and I don’t like the way you are being brought up. ”

4.

“Get up, Swami,” Father commanded (a). He looked (b) like a ghost in the semi-darkness of the porch. Swami stirred (c) and groaned as if in sleep.“Get up, Swami,” said Father a second time. “Why do you disturb him?” Granny pleaded (d).

5.

Swami was pained and angry. He did not like the cruelty (a) his father was showing. He cursed (b) the newspaper that had printed the tiger’s story. He wished (c) that the tiger had not spared (d) the boy.

6.

The night advanced (a) and the silence in the house deepened (b). Swami’s heart began to beat faster. He remembered all the stories of devils and ghosts he had heard. He was almost faint (c) with fear. Swarmi hurriedly (d) got up.

7.

Swami hurriedly got up (a) and spread his bed under the bench and crouched (b) there. It seemed to be a much safer place. He shut his eyes tight and encased (c) himself in his blanket. Unknown to himself, Swami fell asleep. In his sleep he had a terrible dream. He groaned in despair, (d).

8.

Something was moving in the darkness. Swami lay gazing (a) at it in horror (b). He was certain (c) that his end had come. The devil would soon pull him out and tear him to pieces!
“So what is the use of waiting?” Swami thought.
As it came nearer, Swami crawled out from under the bench. At once he clutched, (d) its leg and dug his teeth in.

9.

Both of them fell on the burglar (a) who lay amidst the furniture with a bleeding knee.
The next day was a day of congratulations for Swami. His classmates looked at him with respect. His teacher patted his back for his courage and bravery. The headmaster said that he was a true scout (b). Swami had bitten into the knee of notorious (c) house – breaker and ‘ the police were grateful (d) to him.

Answer:
1. a) courage b) a young boy c) forest d) way
2. a) bravery b) anger c) verandah d) shaking
3. a) meekly b) satisfy c) determinedly d) shameful
4. a) ordered b) appeared c) moved d) appealéd
5. a) harshness b) damned c) hoped d) allowed to go free
6. a) progressed b) extended c) become unconscious d) speedily
7. a) raised b) stooped low c) covered d) anguish
8. a) staring b) fear c) sure d) caught
9. a) thief b) adventurer c) bad d) thankful

2. Read the following paragraph and write the antonyms of the underlined words.

1. “You think you know better than the newspaper?” Father said crossly. “A man may have the strength (a) of an elephant and yet be a coward (b). “Another may be a mere skeleton; but if he has real (c) courage (d), he can do anything.

2. He hoped (a) at first that Father was only joking. He tried to change the topic by saying, “Father, our captain says we shall have some elders (b) also in our cricket club. He has asked me to tell you.’’“We’ll see about that later (c),” Father cut in (d). “Hereafter you must sleep alone.”

3. “From the first of next month, I’ll sleep alone,” Swami said very humbly (a), trying to please (b) Father.“No, you must do it right from today,” Father said sternly (c). “Sleeping beside Granny or Mother like a baby is disgraceful (d). You are now in the Fifth Standard and I don’t like the way you are being brought up.”

4. “Get up (a), Swami,” said Father for the third time and Swami got up. Father rolled up his bed, took it under his arm and said, “Come with me.”
Swami looked at Granny, hesitated (b) for a moment, and then followed (c) his father into the office room. “Let me sleep in the hall, Father,” Swami pleaded. “Your office room is very dusty (d) and there may be scorpions behind your law books.”

5. Swami was pained and angry (a). He did not like (b) the cruelty (c) his father was showing. He cursed (d) the newspaper that had printed the tiger’s story.

6. The night advanced (a) and the silence (b) in the house deepened. Swami’s heart began to beat faster, (c) He remembered (d) all the stories of devils and ghosts he had heard. He was almost faint with fear.

7. A tiger was chasing him. Swami tried hard (a) to escape (b) but his feet would not move. He tried to open his eyes but his eyelids would not open (c). He groaned in despair (d).

8. At last (a), using utmost effort he opened (b) his eyes. He put his hand out to feel his granny’s presence (c), as was his habit. But he only touched the wooden leg of the bench! At once his lonely state came back to him. He shook in fear and closed his eyes. He heard a little rustling noise (d) in the room.

9. The next day was a day of congratulations (a) for Swami. His classmates looked at him with respect (b). His teacher patted his back for his courage and bravery. The headmaster said that he was a true (c) scout. Swami had bitten into the knee of a notorious (d) house-breaker and the police were grateful to him.
Answer:
1. a) weakness b) hero; brave c) unreal d) cowardice/timidity
2. a) despaired b) youth c) earlier d) continued
3. a) proudly b) displease c) lightly d) respectable
4. a) Lie down b) continued c) led d) clean
5. a) calm b) dislike c) kindness d) blessed
6. a) declined b) noise c) slower d) forgot
7. a) easy b) remain c) shut d)hope
8. a) Initially b) closed c) absence d) silence
9. a) criticism b) humiliation c) false d) famous

3. Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given in brackets.

1. After _________ (a) (read/reading) it through, Father looked at Swami _________ (b) (fixedly/fixed) and asked, “V.hat do you say to that?” I think he must have been a very strong and _______ (c) (grow/grown)-up person, not a boy at all,” said Swami. ‘Show
could a boy fight a tiger?”
“You think you know better than the newspaper?” Father said , _______ (d) (cross/crossly).

2. Swami said very humbly, _______ (a) (try/trying) to – (b) (please/pleasing) Father.”No, you must do it right from today,” Father said sternly. “ __________ (c) (Sleep/Sleeping) beside Granny or Mother like a baby is __________ (d) (disgraceful/disgrace).

3. Father lifted the newspaper to his face and started __________ (a) (reading/read) it again. Swami rose __________ (b) (quiet/quietly) from his place and __________ (c) (tiptoed/tiptoe) to his bed in the porch. Granny was sitting up in her bed, and she said, “Boy are you already feeling ________ (d) (sleepy/sleep) today? Don’t you want to hear a story?”

4. Swami looked at Granny, _________ (a) (hesitate/hesitated) for a moment, and then followed his father into the office room. “Let me __________ (b) (sleep/sleeping) in the hail, Fàther,” Swami pleaded. “Your office room is very _________ (c) (dust/dusty) and there may be scorpions behind your law books.”
“There are no scorpions, boy. You cn sleep on the bench if you like.”
“Can I have a lamp (d) (burning/bum) in the room?”

5. “No. You must learn to be _________ (a) (bravely/brave). You must not be afraid of__________ (b) (dark/darkness); it is only a question of habit.” “Will you at least leave the door (c) (opening/open)?” Swami said vely_______ (d) (humble/humbly).

6. Swami was pained and _________ (a) (angrily/angry). He did not like the_________ (b) (cruelty/cruel) his father was showing. He cursed the newspaper that had printed the tiger’s story. He wished that the tiger had not spared the boy. The night advanced and the (c) (silent/silence) in the house__________ (d) (deepen/deepened).

7. At last, using utmost effort he opened his eyes. He put his hand out to _________ (a) (feeling/feel) his grannys __________ (b) (present/presence), as was his habit. But he only touched the wooden leg of the bench! At once his __________ (c) (lone/lonely) state came back to him. He shook in fear and closed his eyes. l-le heard a little _______ (d) (rustle/rustling) noise in the room.

8. Something was moving in the darkness. Swami lay _________ (a) (gaze/gazing) at it in horror. He was __________ (b) (certain/certainly) that his end had come. The devil would soon pull him out and _____ (c) (tom/tear) him to pieces! “So what is the use of _____ (d) (waiting/wait)?” Swami thought.

9. There was a _________ (a) (pain/painful) cry: “Aiyo! Something has bittet me.” Then there was heavy _________ (b) (tumbling/tumble) and falling amidst furniture. Everyone in the house was __________ c) (awaken/awakened) by the loud noise. In a moment, Father and a servant came _____ (d) (run/running) with a light.

10. Both of them fell on the burglar who lay amidst the furniture with a (a) (bleeding/bleed) knee.
The next day was a day of _________ (b) (congrtulate/congratulations) for Swami.
His classmates looked at him with respect. His teacher patted his back for his courage and _________ (c) (bravery/brave). The headmaster said that he was a _______ (d) (truth/true) scout.
Answer:
1. a) reading b) fixedly c) grown d) crossly
2. a) trying b) please c) sleeping d) disgraceful
3. a) reading b) quietly c) tiptoed d) slèepy
4. a) hesitated b) sleep c) dusty d) burning
5. a) brave b) darkness c) open d) humbly
6. a) angry b) cruelty c) silence d) deepened
7. a) feel b) presence c) lonely d) rustling
8. a) gazing b) certain c) fear d) waiting
9. a) painful b) tumbling c) awakened d) running
10. a) bleeding b) congratulations c) bravery d) true

а) Complete the following words using ai, au, ea, ee, ei, ie, io, oa, oe, oi, oo, ou, ue, ui.

1) The newspaper gave a (a) det _ _ led (b) acc _ _ nt of the boy’s fight wfth the tiger.
2) If he has (a) r _ _ l (b) c _ _ rage, he can do anything.
3) I don’t like the way you are (a) b _ _ ng (b) br _ _ ght up.
4) Swami rose (a) q _ _ etly from his place and (b) tipt _ _ d to his bed in the porch.
5) You must not be (a) afr _ _ d of darkness; it is only a (b) q _ _ stion of habit.
6) If you do it, I’ll tell your (a) t _ _ cher and make you the (b) l _ _ ghing stock of the whole school.
7) The night advanced and the silence in the (a) h _ _ se (b) d _ _ pened.
8) Swami’s (a) h _ _ rt began to(b) b _ _ t faster.
9) Swami (a) sp _ _ d his bed under the bench and (b) cr _ _ ched there.
10) He (a) gr _ _ ned in (b) desp _ _ r.
11) He (a) sh _ _ k in (b) f _ _ r and closed his eyes.
12) He heard a little rustling (a) n _ _ se in the (b) r _ _ m.
13) The devil would (a) s _ _ n pull him out and tear him to (b) p _ _ ces!
14) Swami bit into the (a) kn _ _ of a (b) notor _ _ us house breaker.
15) The headmaster said that he was a (a) tr _ _ (b) sc _ _ t.
16) He felt a (a) gr _ _ t (b) re _ _ f.
Answer:
1. a) detailed b) account
2. a) real b) courage
3. a) being b) brought
4. a) quietly b) tiptoed
5. a) afraid b) question
6. a) teacher b) laughing
7. a) house b) deepened
8. a) heart b) beat
9. a) spread b) crouched
10. a) groaned b) despair
11. a) shook b) fear
12. a) noise b) room
13. a) soon b) pieces
14. a) knee b) notorious
15. a) true b) scout
16. a) great b) relief

b) Complete the words with the correct suffixes given in brackets.

1) News has been received about the (a) bray _____ (ary/ery) of a village lad who was (b) return _____ (ing/ning) home by the jungle path.
2) Any change in this (a) arrange _____ (mant/ment) kept him (b) tremb _____ (leing/ling) and awake all night.
3) ‘No,” Father said (a) stern _____ (ly/lly). “Sleeping beside Granny or Mother like a baby is (b) disgrace _____ (ful/ful).
4) ‘You must not be afraid of (a) dailc _________ (nes/ness) .“ ‘Will you at least leave the door open ?“ Swami said very (b) hum _____ (blely/bly).
5) The night advanced and the (a) siten _____ (se/ce) in the house (b) deep _____ (end/ened).
6) Swami had bitten into the knee of a (a) notori _____ (aus/ous) house-breaker and the police were (b) grate _____ (ful/full) to him.
7) Swami was (a) follo _____ (wing/ing) the whole (b) conversa _____ (ssion/tion) from under the blanket.
8) a) There was a pain _____ (full/ful) cry.
b) “Let him sleep where he likes,” Mother said angr _____ (yly/ily).
Answer:
1. a) bravi b) returning
2. a) arrangement b) trembling
3. a) sternly b) disgraceful
4. a) darkness b) humbly
5. a) silence b) deepened
6. a)notorious b) grateful
7. a) following b) conversation
8. a) painful b) angrily

c) Find the wrongly spelt word and write the correct spelling.
1. a) biting; fighting; hating; siting
b) believe; relieve; achieve; recieve
2. a) detail; account; describe; captan
b) coward; courage; strength; skeleten
3. a) courage; passage; luggage; marrage
b) tinful; mouthful; houseful; disgracefull
4. a) comand; demand; remand; reprimand
b) croch; approach; coach ; touch
5. a) dependent; confident; present; servent
b) rubber; scrubber; burgler; joker
Answer:
1) a) sitting b) receive
2) a) captain b) skeleton
3) a) marriage b) disgraceful
4) a) command b) crouch
5) a) servant b) burglar

Put the following under the correct headings.

A.

Answer:

B.

Answer:

C.

Answer:

D.

Answer:

Match the parts under A and B to make some proverbs. You can use the clues given within the brackets.

Answer:
1) d
2) a
3) e
4) b
5) c
6) j
7) f
8) i
9) h
10) g

A) Write meaningful sentences using the words given below.
i) while:
ii) beside:
iii) later:
iv) even if:
v) almost:
vi) hurriedly:
vii) seem:
viii) utmost:
ix) at once:
x) certain:
Answer:
i) While he was crossing the bridge, his hat blew off.
ii) Come and sit beside me.
iii) We’ll meet later and discuss about it.
iv) I like her, even if she can be annoying at times.
v) The story is almost certainly false.
vi) I hurriedly got up and dressed.
vii) You seem happy.
viii) You should study this document with utmost care,
ix) At once she lost her temper.
x) If is certain he will succeed.

B) Pick out the synonyms from the story for each of the following words.
1) clear
2) bravery
3) shameful
4) hide
5) upset
6) argued
7) swore
8) unpleasant
9) tapped
10) damage
Answer:
1) clear: detailed
2) bravery: courage
3) shameful: disgraceful
4) hide: cover
5) upset: pained
6) argued: mumbled/exclaimed/opined
7) swore: cursed
8) unpleasant: bitter
9) tapped: patted
10) damage: risk

C) Read the conversation given below and fill in the blanks with appropriate words from the box.

Ruchira : I don’t know why the teacher ….(1)…. to give his mobile number?
Suhas : He might be worried that you would ….(2)…. him with your phone calls.
Ruchira : I have great ….(3)…. for him. I will never behave in a ….(4)…. manner.
Su has : I am ….(5)…. that our teacher will not give his number. Anyhow, I like your ….(6)…. We are all ….(7)…. him.
Ruchira : I don’t think our teacher is ….(8)…. but he says everything ….(9)…. Once he gave me a wonderful gift so I am always ….(10)…. to him.
Answer:
1) hesitated
2) disturb
3) respect
4) disgraceful
5) certain
6) courage
7) afraid of
8) terrible
9) sternly
10) grateful

D) Match the following idioms by writing the letter from column B in the blanks.

Answer:
1-D
2-F
3-B
4-A
5-C

Grammar
1. Edit the following passage correcting the underlined parts.

1. Plants have many uses to (a) map. They supplies (b) us with food and shelter, with fuel and chemicals. People or (c) animals need to breathe oxygen to live. Plants take in the carbon dioxide what (d) people and animals breathe out.
2. Eskimos live in houses called Igloos. A (a) igloo is made with (b) large square pieces of Ice. And (c) the igloo itself is not square. It look (d) like half of a big white ball standing on a white filed of Ice.
3. A (a) famous Indian mathematician, Srinivasa Ramanujan, was born in 1987 in a poor family in (b) Erode in Tamil Nadu. At a very young age, Ramanujan showed a (c) unusual grasp of mathematics. It was (d) strange but true that he did not see his first mathematics book till he was sixteen.
4. Mount Everest is a (a) highest peak in the world. It was (b) 8848 metres high. It is named on (c) Everest. Edmand Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing sets (d) foot on the top of the peak on 29th May 1953.
5. Everyone are (a) afraid of earthquakes. They are quite common in eastern countries like China, Indonesia, Malaysia and Japan. They are the most deadly in (b) all natural calamities. Two of the greatest earthquakes occur (c) in China or (d) Alaska.
Answer:
1. a) for b) supply c) and d) that
2. a) An b) of c) But d) looks
3. a) The b) at c) an d) is
4. a) the b) is c) after d) set
5. a) is b) of c) occurred a) and

2. Complete the passage choosing the right words from those given below.
Each blank is numbered and for each blank four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) in the blanks.

1. life in a big oasis _________ (1) extremely busy. There is _______ (2) busy market in the oasis _________ (3) the people from the neighbouring desert bring (4) animals to exchange for the goods of the oasis.
1) A) is B) was C) are D) were
2) A) the B) a C) an D) some
3) A) but B) and C) or D) yet
4) A) her B) his C) our D) their

2. (1) Earth rotates around itself and also revolves round the Sun. To ________ (2) Itself. It _________ (3) Oneday and to revolve round the Sun. It takes 365.25 days. The earth revolves round the Sun _________ (4) an elliptic orbit.
1) A) an B) a C) the D) that
2) A) rotating B) rotate C) rotates D) rotated
3) A) take B) took C) takes D) taking
4) A) on B) of C) in D) by

3. The Banyan trees _________ (1) aerial roots ________ (2) is its branches ________ (3) to the ground, take root again and send more branches _________ (4) their own.
1) A) has B) had C) have D) h ing
2) A) which B) that C) who D) whom
3) A) drops B) dropped C) drop D) dropping
4) A) of B) on C) in D) at

4. Lizards are closely related _________ (1) snakes. Like snakes, _________ (2) are cold blooded reptiles _________ (3) scaly skins. Unlike snakes their long bodies are usually divided into the three distinct parts : head. trunk _________ (4) tail.
1) A) with B) for C) to D) from
2) A) we B) they C) she D) he
3) A) of B) with C) for D) in
4) A) and B) or C) but D) yet

5. The Dinosaurs ________ (1) cold-blood creatures. They could not heat ________ (2) own bodies. They needed the heat _________ (3) the Sun to stay alive and _________ (4) about.
1) A) are B) were C) is D) was
2) A) his B) its C) their D) our
3) A) of B) from C) for D) with
4.) A) moves B) moved C) moving D) move
Answer:
1. 1-A; 2-B; 3-A; 4-D
2. 1-C; 2-B; 3-C; 4-C
3. 1-C; 2-B; 3-C; 4-B
4. 1-C; 2-B; 3-B; 4-A
5. 1-A; 2-C; 3-B; 4-D

3. Change the words given in the box into different parts of speech. Some words may not have all the forms given in the table. You may use a dictionary if you like.
A)


Answer:

B) Choose the right answer.
1) What a nice dress! ( )
a) congratulating
b) complaining
c) complimenting
Answer:
c) complimenting

2) I’m afraid it is not possible. ( )
a) expressing fear
b) giving an advice
c) refusing request
Note : ‘I’m afraid means ‘I’m sorry’.
Answer:
a) expressing fear

3) “Let’s go for a walk, shall we ?” ( )
a) seeking information
b) making suggestion
c) making a request
Answer:
b) making suggestion

4) I’m sorry, I thought it was my room. ( )
a) apologizing
b) making a statement
c) complaining
Answer:
a) apologizing

5) Shall I give you a cup of coffee? ( )
a) a request
b) offer
c) suggestion
Answer:
b) offer

6) Where can I get a car for hire? ( )
a) seeking information
b) making a request
c) making a suggestion
Answer:
a) seeking information

7) You had better do yoga every day. ( )
a) suggestion
b) request
c) order
Answer:
a) suggestion

8) It may rain in a few minutes. ( )
a) making a request
b) expressing purpose
c) expressing possibility
Answer:
c) expressing possibility

9) Would you mind closing the door? ( )
a) a request
b) an order
c) a suggestion
Answer:
a) a request

10) How careless of you to drop my pen! ( )
a) scolding
b) complaining
c) request
Answer:
a) scolding

C) Fill in the blanks with ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’.

1. It is _______ _____ useful book.
2. _________ apple ________________ day keeps the doctor away.
3. He is _______________ M.L.A but his wife is ________________ M.P
4. He is ________________ B.A. but his wife is ________________ M.A.
5. He came from ________________ orthodox family.
6. There is ________________ eucalyptus tree in our garden.
7. ________________ girl, who has worn the blue frock, is my sister.
8. He is ________________ man of manners.
9. He is ________________ European but his wife is ________________ Indian.
10. I met ________________ one-eyed beggar in the street.
Answer:
1) a
2) An, a
3) an, an
4) a, an
5) an
6) a
7) The
9) a,an
10) a

D) Fill in the blanks with simple past tense or past continuous tense of verbs.

1. While he ______________ (cross) a road, he ___________ (meet) with an accident.
2. While she ______________ (sing) her sister ______________ (dance)
3. He ______________ (fall) asleep while he ______________ (watch) TV.
4. When I ______________ (enter) the room he (write) a letter.
5. When he _____________ (have) dinner someone _____________ (knock) on the door.
6. While Swami’s father ….(1)…. (read) the newspaper, Swami ….(2)…. (listen) to it. His father ….(3)…. (ask) him to sleep alone. But he ….(4)…. (be) afraid of ghosts. He ….(5)…. (want) to sleep in his grandmother’s room. While he ….(6)…. (sleep), he ….(7)…. (have) a terrible dream. A tiger ….(8)…. (chase) himand he ….(9)…. (try) to escape.
7. While Rani ______________ (sing) a song, Raghu ______________ (switch) off the fan.
Answer:
1) was crossing, met
2) was singing, was dancing
3) fell, was watching
4) entered, was writing
5) was having, knocked
6) 1. was reading
2. was listening
3. asked
4. was
5. wanted
6. was sleeping
7. had
8. was chasing
9. was trying
7) was singing, switched off .

E) Read the conversation given below and fill in the blanks with appropriate words from the box.
grateful, respect, certain , courage, sternly, afraid of, terrible, hesitated, disturb, disgraceful

Ruchira: I don’t know why the teacher ….(1)…. to give his mobile number?
Suhas: He might be worried that you would ….(2)…. him with your phone calls.
Ruchira: I have great ….(3)…. for him. I will never behave in a ….(4)…. manner.
Suhas: I am ….(5)…. that our teacher will not give his number. Anyhow, I like your ….(6)…. We are all ….(7)…. him.
Ruchira: I don’t think our teacher is ….(8)…. but he says everything ….(9)…. Once he gave me a wonderful gift so I am always ….(10)…. to him.
Answer:
1) hesitated
2) disturb
3) respect
4) disgraceful
5) certain
6) courage
7) afraid of
8) terrible
9) sternly
10) grateful

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 13 Seed Dispersal

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Important Questions 13th Lesson Seed Dispersal

7th Class Science 13th Lesson Seed Dispersal Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How seeds are formed and give birth to new plants?
Answer:

1. We know that after fertilization ovary develops as fruit and ovules develop into seeds.
2. When the seeds germinate they give birth to new plants.

Question 2.
Why are seeds disperse to different distances. How do they disperse?
Answer:

1. We know that seed dispersal is necessary to grow tiny plants of the same species.
2. To avoid competition with the mother plant for air, water and minerals plants disperse their seeds to different distances.
3. But the process of dispersal varies from plant to plant.
4. Plants have special mechanism for seed dispersal.

Question 3.
Explain how does the dispersal of seeds through wind take place.
Answer:

1. The seeds of caltropis have light and hairy structure at one end.
2. They travel with wind and settle at a suitable place to germinate.
3. Seeds that are dispersed through air are usually light and are either very small or are light with wings on them or some hairy structures on them.
4. The seeds get adapted in such a way that they get carried away easily by wind.
5. Some seeds float in air, some propel to travel short distances.
   
6. In some plants like orchids seeds are minute with inflated covering.
7. In plants like maple, seeds have wing like outgrowths.
8. Cotton seeds have hairy structures.
9. These types of specialized structures, present in the seeds, will be helpful for dispersal by air.

Question 4.
Write a note on dispersal of seed by water.
Answer:

1. The seeds adapted to float on water are usually light. The outer covering of the seed has empty spaces filled with air and some are fibrous with air spaces that encloses the whole seed or fruit.
   Eg: Coconut.
2. The entire Coconut fruit floats on water and moves from one place to another.
   
3. When it reaches the ground it germinates.
4. That’s why we usually find coconut trees growing near sea shores.
   
5. Seeds that are heavy usually fall to the bottom of water sources and get carried by the flow of water. Ex: Seeds of Lotus.

Question 5.
Describe how animals help in the dispersal of seeds.
Answer:

1. Seeds are dispersed by animals in many ways.
   
2. In case of fleshy fruits, the fruit is eaten by animals while some dry fruits, with specialized structures like hooks, thorns, hairy parts, get stuck to the bodies of animals and get carried to distant places.
3. We find such seeds in some kind of grass plants.
4. We notice some kinds of fruits or seeds getting stuck to our clothes when we walk through fields and bushes.
5. They have hooks or thorns on them.

Question 6.
Explain how birds are also responsible for the dispersal of seeds.
Answer:

1. Some seeds are sticky and get stuck to the beaks of birds and in course of flight they fall down at distant places.
2. Often some birds carry seeds with their beaks. Some of them fall before they reach their nesting places.
3. We know some seeds have to pass through the guts of some birds before they germinate.
4. Birds like Bulbuls, Mynahs, Crows eat some fruits (Eg: Neem fruit) the outer fleshly part gets digested in the food canal and the seed coats of them become tender.
5. They are then dispersed to other places as bird droppings.

Question 7.
Why plants produced a large number of seeds?
Answer:

1. We have observed that fruits and vegetable plants that grow in our home garden produce a large number of seeds.
2. Some fruits grow in singly whereas some are in bunches.
3. Some fruits have a single seed in them and some have a large numebr of seeds.
4. All the seeds of a fruit should be able to germinate to produce new plants.
5. Actually this does not happen. If this happens we will see only same type of plants in large number in our surroundings.
6. All seeds don’t germinate. Some seeds never germinate to produce new plants. Some seeds germinate but plants die before maturation.
7. To overcome these problems plants produce a large number of seeds.

Question 8.
Collect some seeds like grass, poppy, bhendi, coconut etc. Try to collect different types of seeds like seeds with hair, thorns, big, small, light, heavy etc., and record the information in the given table :
Answer:

Question 9.
Observe the following figures. They are seeds with different shapes and structures.
Answer:

Question 10.
How do squirrels help in dispersal of seeds?
Answer:

1. It collects a lot of nuts and hides them underground before onset of winter.
2. It can hardly eat all of them and even forget where it has hidden its nuts!
3. Thus we have several nut trees at different places.

Question 11.
Do you agree with the fact that seeds are also travelling by aeroplanes, and ships ? Explain,
Answer:

1. Nowadays we see diffeernt kinds of fruits and vegetables around us.
2. Import and export of grains like wheat pulses, maize, paddy is a common practice through which many seeds get dispersed all over the world.
3. It is a wonder now that seeds also travel by aeroplanes and ships.

Question 12.
How many seeds a mustard plant does produce? How do you feel about it?
Answer:

1. A mustard plant produces more than 10,000 seeds in its lifetime.
2. If all the seeds germinate to grow into adult plants, think how many seeds would be produced. If this happens for a period of six years the entire globe will be covered with mustard plants.

Question 13.
Some animals eat fleshy fruits. How do they disperse the seeds of those fruits.
Answer:

1. Many fleshy fruits are meant to being eaten by animals.
2. The fleshy part of the fruit is eaten leaving the seeds uninjured.
3. Some seeds get dispersed through animal excretions

Question 14.
With the help of your teacher fill up the table given below.
Answer:
Observe the animals in your surroundings. Fill in the following table.

Question 15.
Describe how does the dispersal of seeds take place by the bursting of fruits that throw the seeds out.
Answer:

1. Many fruits enclose the seed in a capsule or pod.
   Upon drying the pod explodes releasing the seeds with great force in the surroundings.
2. We find such type of seeds in Bhendi, Mustard and seeds of Pea family.
   
3. Some seeds grow in capsules which when touched burst and uncoil with a force in such a way that they scatter the seeds all around.
4. The seeds of Balsam are dispersed in this manner.
5. We also noticed that some fruits explode when we sprinkle water on them and the seeds get dispersed.

Question 16.
Describe how the seeds of fruits tomato, cauliflower, guava, sugar cane transfered across the globe by people.
Answer:

1. We should know from where this tomato fruit has come from and that it is not native to India.
2. When European travellers came to trade in India, they left the seeds of vegetables like tomato, cauliflower, guava, pear on their return.
3. Similarly sugarcane which is native to India and is used worldwide for production of sugar, is a good example of how people transfer seeds/fruits from one place to another.

Question 17.
Use the information in the given table to answer the following questions.

i) What is the agent of coconut seed dispersal?
ii) What is the dispersal agent ofneem seed?
iii) Name the seed which is dispersed by wind?
iv)What are the seeds dispersed by human intervention?
Answer:
i) Water
ii) Birds
iii) Caltropis
iv) Mango

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Changes Around Us Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Solutions 17th Lesson Changes Around Us

7th Class Science 17th Lesson Changes Around Us Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
Why do we paint wooden doors and windows?
Answer:
We paint wooden doors and window to protect them from moisture, white ants and other insects.

Question 2.
Some deposits were observed in water preserved in Aluminium containers after two to three days. What could the deposit be? What is the reason for the formation of these deposits?
Answer:

1. When water was preserved in Aluminium containers some deposits were observed in the containers after two to three days.
2. This is because salts and minerals present in water form scales on the Aluminium containers.

Question 3.
When a candle is burnt, what type of changes take place? Give another example of a similar process.
Answer:

1. When a candle is burnt both physical and chemical changes take place.
2. Burning of candle giving heat and light and reducing its size is a chemical change.
3. The wax melted during burning again condenses to solid wax is a physical change.
4. Part of the candle burnt is a permanent change and it cannot be reversed.
5. Due to the burning of the candle, carbon dioxide and water vapour are produced.
   Examples:
   1) Burning of LPG in our kitchen.
   2) Liquid state of LPG in the cylinder is converted into a gaseous state when comes out This is a physical change.
   3) When LPG burns in air heat is produced, this is a chemical change.

Question 4.
How is an iron gate prevented from rusting?
Answer:

1. Iron gate when-exposed to moisture and air gets rusted.
2. To prevent rusting of Iron gates it should be painted with a paint.

Question 5.
Between coastal and dry land areas, where is rusting of iron objects faster? Give reasons.
Answer:

1. Rusting of iron objects is faster in coastal areas.
2. In coastal areas there is humidity in the atmosphere (water vapour is present in the air)
3. This water vapour is responsible for the rusting qf iron objects faster.
4. In dry land areas, the humidity in the atmosphere is relatively less.

Question 6.
Classify the changes involved in the following processes as Physical, Chemical or both.
a) Burning of Coal
b) Melting of Wax
c) Beating Aluminium to make Aluminium foil
d) Digestion of food
e) Boiling of Egg
f) Photosynthesis
g) Cutting of Wood
Answer:

Question 7.
Which of the following processes are chemical changes? Give reasons.
a) Making a Salt Solution.
b) Adding Hydrochloric Acid to Marble stone.
c) Evaporation of water.
d) Adding phenolphthalein indicator to acid solution.
e) Respiration
f) Ripening of a Mango
g) Breaking of Glass.
Answer:
Physical changes:
a) Making a salt solution
c) Evaporation of water
g) Breaking of glass
Chemical changes:
b) 1) Adding Hydrochloric acid to Marble stone.
2) New Substances are formed so it is a chemical change.
d) 1) Adding phenolpthalein indicator to acid solution.
2) Phenolpthalein indicator in acid solution is colourless.
3) It turns pink in basic solution.
4) This is a chemical change because there will be a structural change in phenolpthalein.
e) 1) Respiration is also a chemical change.
2) There will be exchange of gases in this process.
f) Ripening of a Mango: This is a chemical change. Ripening can not be reversed back.

Question 8.
Identify the incorrect statements among the following and rewrite them correctly.
a) Formation of manure from leaves is a physical change.
b) Iron pipes coated with Zinc do not get rusted.
c) Setting of curd is a physical change.
d) Condensation of steam is not a chemical change.
e) Burning of Magnesium in air is a chemical change.
Answer:
a) 1) Formation of manure from leaves is a physical change (Incorrect)
2) Formation of manure from leaves is a chemical change (correct)
b) Iron pipes coated with zinc do not get rusted (correct)
c) 1) Setting of curd is a physical change (Incorrect)
2) Setting of curd is a chemical change (correct)
d) Condensation of steam is not a chemical change (correct)
e) Burning of magnesium in air is a chemical change (correct)

Question 9.
Fill in the blanks in the following statements.
a) The chemical name of vinegar is …………
b) Changes in which only ………… properties of a substance change are called physical changes.
c) Changes in which new substances are formed are called ………… changes.
d) Magnesium + Oxygen → …………
e) Copper Sulphate + Iron → …………
Answer:
a) Acetic acid
b) Physical
c) Chemical
d) Magnesium oxide
e) Iron sulphate + copper

Question 10.
Answer the following questions.
I) The gas we use in kitchen is in the form of liquid in the cylinder. When it comes out from the cylinder it becomes a gas (step-I) then it burns (step-II). Choose the correct statement from the following.
a. Only step – I is a chemical change.
b. Only step – II is a chemical change.
c. Both steps – I & II are chemical changes.
d. Both steps – I & II are physical changes.
Answer:
a) Step – I – is a physical change (not a chemical change)
b) Step – II – is a chemical change (It is correct)
c) Both steps I & II – are chemical changes.
This is not correct.
Step – I – Physical change and
Step – II – Chemical Change is correct.
d) Both steps I & II – are physical changes – This is not correct.
Step I – Physical change
Step II – Chemical change.

II) Bacteria digest animal waste and produce biogas (step – I). The biogas is then burnt as fuel (step – II). Choose the correct statement from the following.
a) Only step – I is a chemical change.
b) Only step – II is a chemical change.
c) Both steps – I & II are chemical changes.
d) Both steps – I & II are physical changes.
Answer:
a) 1) Only step – I is a chemical change This is not correct.
2) Both step – I and step – II are chemical changes – This is correct.
b) 1) Only step – II is a chemical change – This is not correct.
2) Both step – I and step – II are chemical changes – This is correct.
c) Both steps I & II – are chemical changes – This is correct.
d) 1) Both steps I & II – are physical changes – This is not correct.
2) Both steps I & II – are chemical changes – This is correct.

III) A piece of paper was cut into four pieces. What type of change occurred in the property of the paper?
A) Physical change B) Chemical change C) Both changes D) No change
Answer:
A) Physical change

IV) Aryan stretched a rubber band. What does it represent?
A) Chemical change B) Physical change C) Both changes D) No change
Answer:
B) Physical change

V) Which of the following changes are reversible or irreversible?
a) Rise of water from ground to the overhead tank …………
b) Setting of cement …………
c) Absorption of water by a sponge …………
d) Migration of birds …………
e) Rise in temperature during summer …………
Answer:
a) Rise of water from ground to the overhead tank is a reversible change.
b) Setting of cement is an irreversible change.
c) Absorption of water by a sponge is a reversible change.
d) Migration of birds is a reversible change.
e) Rise in temperature during summer is a reversible change.

Question 11.
Sudheer wants to make his vessels, which are made of Brass and copper, clean and shiny. What suggestions you would like to give him?
Answer:

1. Brass and copper vessels when exposed to air we find a greenish coat on them.
2. This greenish coat is formed when copper or brass reacts with oxygen and carbon dioxide present in air.
3. This coat protects copper from getting further corroded.
4. To keep them clean and shiny they must be used regularly washing them with cleaning powders.
5. In case if they are not used regularly grease on than to prevent direct contact of these metals with oxygen and water vapour in the air.

Question 12.
Does Anurag appreciate the changes in ripe mango as “How nice its colour and taste are” ? Give some examples of changes that makes you feel happy, or wonder.
Appreciate them in your own words.
Answer:

1. When mango ripens, the contents present in the fruit gives good taste. The change in colour indicates that the fruit is ripend.
2. Similar situations we experience with many fruits like banana, guava, papaya, pine apple … etc.
3. In fact fruits are a gift to human beings as they give instantaneous energy when eaten.
4. Nature is so kind to us to provide such ready made safe foods.

Question 13.
The changes like, chicks came out of eggs, blossoming flowers, etc. are very pretty to see. List out such type of changes around you which make to feel happy on observation.
Answer:

1. A cow giving birth to a calf
2. Plants producing vegetables
3. A new born baby trying to search for milk.
4. These are all wonderful changes we feel happy to observe in the nature.

Question 14.
Match the following.

Answer:

Question 15.
Collect information on changes taking place in the food during the process of digestion. [From the school library/internet and display your observations on
the bulletin board].
Answer:
1. The digestion of food in human beings starts from mouth.
2. The digestive system of human being consists of mouth, buccal cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus.
Summary of the digestive enzymes of various glands with their secretions and/end products of digestion in man

Question 16.
Collect information on the process of artificial ripening of fruits in fruit markets and discuss whether it is useful or harmful.
Answer:

1. Calcium carbide is more commonly known as “masala” is used for the artificial ripening of fruits.
2. It is very harmful to health.
3. Calcium carbide is a carcinogenic agent.
4. The most important precaution to avoid eating such artificially ripened fruits is to go in for fruits and vegetables which are not unseasonal.
5. Always wash the vegetables and fruits properly before consuming them.

Question 17.
Ravi prepared carbon – dioxide using baking soda and vinegar. Carbon – dioxide changed lime water into milky white. Represent this experiment in a diagram with labelling.
Answer:

Question 18.
When you burn a piece of wood different changes take place. Analyse the following.
a) Predict possible changes and list them all.
b) Are there any physical changes among them?
c) How many forms of energy are released in the change?
d) What chemical changes do you notice? Explain briefly why these occur.
Answer:
a) During burning.

1. Heat is produced
2. Sound and light is also produced.
3. Wood turns into ash
4. Chemical change.

b) No physical changes are there in the list.
c) Heat energy, light energy, sound energy are produced.
d) Wood turns into carbon dioxide and ash.
(wood) carbon + (Air) Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + ash.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 3 Animal Fibre

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Important Questions 3rd Lesson Animal Fibre

7th Class Science 3rd Lesson Animal Fibre Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How silk weaving began ? Write the story behind it.
Answer:

1. Chinese traditions, along with the writings of Confucius tell the same 2700 BC tale. It states that the empress Leizu (Hsi – ling – shi) was having tea one day under a mulbery tree with her husband, emperor Huang-ti, when a silk worm’s cocoon fell into her cup.
2. In an attempt to take it out, the thread of the cocoon began to unroll. So the Empress thought of weaving the thread.
3. The Emperor encouraged his wife to study the life of silk worm, and so she learned the art of raising silk worms or what is called sericulture. Her finding was taught as well and thus the advent of the silk industry.
4. However, archaeological evidences show that the origin of silk industry traces back to 3000 and 5000 BC.
5. The sites of Yangshao culture in Xia Country; Shanxi reveal a cocoon of a bombyx mori or a domesticated silk worm along with silk weaving looms.

Question 2.
Write a note on The world of wool.
Answer:
Woolen fabrics are as ancient as human civilization. According to archeological evidences domestication of woolly sheep may have started around 6000 BC by early Iranians. Earliest woven woolen garments are dated 2000 – 3000 years later. In 15th century, British made laws to control wool smuggling and at one time they punished people by cutting off their hands ! The industrial revolution introduced mass production of wool. Leaders of wool production are Australia and China.

Question 3.
What is the historical record of spinning and weaving?
Answer:
Spinning and Weaving:
The spinning of animal or vegetable fibres into thread dates from about 7000 BC, from the Middle East; the earliest tools used were a distaff (a cleft stick holding a bundle of fibres) with a weighted spindle to twist them together. The oldest known textile, from Asia Minor, dates from around 7000 BC. The first looms for weaving wool dates from about 5000 BC.

Family Scene A Hittite lady spins wool in a bas-relief from the 8th century B.C.

Question 4.
Are caterpillars dangerous?
Answer:
All caterpillars are not dangerous. Some are useful too.

Question 5.
From where do we get fibres? Explain.
Answer:

1. We get fibres from plants and animals.
2. Cotton, Jute, Gongoora, Coconut plant fibres are useful to make different kinds of fabrics.
3. In the same way we get fibres of silk and wool from animals like silk worms, sheep, goat, camel, and yak etc.

Question 6.
Who will purchase the tiny silk worms?
Answer:
Farmers from Kurnool, Kadapa, Chittoor and some other places of our state come and purchase these tiny worms.

Question 7.
Why do farmers buy silk moths ? What is the name of the centres?
Answer:

1. Sometimes farmers buy silkmoths because to produce eggs from them.
2. The eggs are produce by thermselves (by farmers) in their own centres.
3. The egg producing centres are called Grinages’.

Question 8.
Narrate the stages of transformation from egg to cocoon in the sericulture. What do you do in this process?
Answer:

1. Large tray with leaves and larva feeding on them could be seen.
2. Some trays had white and yellowish egg like structures.
3. Farmers grow silk worms to get cocoons. They get 5-6 harvests of worms in a year.
4. Farmers bought mulberry twigs from Palamaneru of Chittoor district, where sericulture (the whole process of obtaining silk starting from silk moth) is carried out.
   
5. Farmers plant the twigs to get the mulberry crop.
6. We purchased tiny white coloured silk worms (caterpillars) from seed growing centres at Horsely Hills.
7. We place these worms in trays. We chop Mulberry leaves into small pieces to feed them.
8. 
9. These worms eat leaves day and night. They need good hygienic conditions and proper light to grow.
10. When they grow biggerin size, we transfer the worms into big sized cane frames called “Chandrikalu”.
11. After 30-35 days the caterpillar stops eating and settles at a particular place. It weaves a net to hold itself.
12. Caterpillar moves its mouth from side to side and secretes fibre-like substance.
13. When it is exposed to air and heat it becomes strong.
14. The net is woven completely to cover the body of the caterpillar. This seems to be a closed sack. This is called Pattukayalu’ (Cocoon).
15. The larva of silk worm undergoes changes in the cocoon to change into a moth. After 2-3 weeks young moths come out from the cocoons and fly away.
16. So we have to be very careful. Within 2-3 days of formation fo cocoon, we start removing them from the tray.

Question 9.
How is the process of reeling, fibre to yarn is done? Describe.
Answer:

1. Some people will attend to boiling and stirring something in large pots. (Fig. )
   
2. Cocoons are being boiled in water.
3. Cocoons are boiled to get silk fibre.
4. Caterpillar of silk worm spins fibre which is mainly made up of two types of protein (sirisine and fibroin) and is very strong.
5. The cocoons have to be boiled to loosen the fibre to be able to reel it.
6. Obtaining silk fibre from cocoon is called reeling. It is done with special machines called reelers and twisters.
7. The silk fibre is carefully collected from the cocoon and nearly 3 to 18 of such threads are wound together to make yarn from it which is reeled (Fig. )
   

Question 10.
How is silk yarn woven to fabrics?
Answer:

1. The reeled yarn is cleaned, bleached and coloured.
   
2. The yarn is ready to be woven into a variety of designed fabrics, on looms.
3. We can see reeling centres at Nandikotkur, Hindupur, Dharmavaram and Madanapalli etc.

Question 11.
Describe the process of scouring of wooL Why is cool air passed over it after washing?
Answer:

1. Sheared skin with hair is dipped in such tanks and stirred with a spade.
2. Often it may be washed under a stream of water as well.
3. This water contains some chemicals to remove grease, dirt and dust.
4. This process ¡s called washing or scouring.
5. Alter washing, cool air is Passed over the wool to makes it softer.

Question 12.
Explain the process of sorting wool.
Answer:

1. People sorting coarse and soft ones as well as broken and long ones and making separate piles of them.
2. Unwanted materials like twigs or hits of leaves etc., that may he present with the wool are also separated out.
3. This process is called sorting or wool classing. Fleece is the soft mass of wool.

Question 13.
How do these woolen fibres get different colours? What is there in the tubs? Explain the process of spinning.
Answer:

1. There are beaches and dyes in the tubs. Woolen fibres are bleached and then dyed with different colours.
2. The coloured fibres are used to make yarn. These fibres are then combed.
3. There is a machine for combing or carding wool. Wool is pulled through many teeth of the combing machine (Fig. )
   
4. From there, a machine rolls and pulls it out into a thick rope and still another pulls and twists it into a long thread.
5. This is the process of spinning.
6. Flere you can see it being wound on whirling spools as well. (Fig. )
   
7. Thus we get the yarn which may be dyed before weaving.

Question 14.
What is the advantage of stiffling?
Answer:

1. Stiffling helps to store the cocoons for a long period.
   
2. This process is usually done in reeling centres.

Question 15.
Where are the cocoons sold ? In which places rfites of cocoon are usually enquired ?
Answer:

1. These cocoons are kept in sealed bags and sold at the cocoon market.
2. If not stiffled, we sell them off within a week.
3. Usually enquiries about rates of cocoons are made in the market at Hindupur, Madanapally, Dharmavaram, Kadiri, Palamaneru and Raychoti.

Question 16.
What are the different silks produced in our state ? What is tasar silk ? Where do the silk plantation is mainly concentrated?
Answer:

1. Apart from Mulberry, Tasar silk (Desali Pattu) is produced in our State.
2. Some species of silk moths that lay eggs on termanalia (oak) plantation produce tasar silk.
3. Mostly tribal people rear these kind of cocoons.
4. This silk plantation is concentrated in coastal regions of East Godavari and Visakhapatnam.

Question 17.
What are the different places famous for silk? What are the different types of silk available to us?
Answer:

1. Dharmavaram – silk city of Andhrapradesh.
2. People weave silk fabric by using silk yarn on handlooms.
3. For there people, weaving is a traditional occupation.
4. They get silk yarn from reeling centres to weave a variety of sarees.
5. Venkatagiri pattu and Dharmavaram are famous types produced by our state.
6. Dharmavaram is famous for its wide border and rich buta or dots.
7. Banaras, Kanchipuram, Dharmavaram, Narayanpet, Kothakota, Pochampally are all types of silk fabrics.
   
8. They get their names from the places where they are made.
9. We also have heard the names of tasar silk, mooga silk, kosa silk, eri silk etc.
10. These are all several varieties of silk. Some chemicals add strength to silk fibres.
11. Silk is used to make other products as well like satin and crepe. We have both handlooms and power looms to weave silk.

Question 18.
What is the difference between silk and cotton?
Answer:

Question 19.
How are we protected from heat and cold by wool?
Answer:

1. Wool is a poor conductor of heat. Air trapped in between the woolen fibres and our body prevents the flow of heat from our body to our surroundings.
2. So we feel hot and are protected from cold.
3. Woolen cloth also helps to douse fire.
4. That is why it is good to wrap a person, who is caught in fire, with a blanket.

Question 20.
How much of yarn do we get from cocoons? How many people are involved in this process? Are they safe with this?
Answer:

1. The thread you get from the average cocoon ranges from about 1,000 to 3,000 feet, and about 2,000 to 3,000 cocoons are required to make 500 gm of silk.
2. That is about 5,000,000 feet or more than 1,000 miles!
3. That’s not all. People involved in the process suffer from skin as well as respiratory problems due to continuous handling of the silk worm and the silk fibres.

Question 21.
From where wool is obtained?
Answer:

1. Clothes like sweaters, mufflers, hats, long coats, table covers etc. are some woolen varieties.
2. There were different types of animals like sheep, goat, yak, llama, camel, alpaca etc.
3. Wool is obtained from hair of all the animals.
4. It is also called fleece or fur collectively.
5. It is mainly a protein. Good quality wool is obtained from Merino sheep.
6. They are specially reared. The fleece is 3-5 inches long and very fine and most valuable.
7. A merino sheep may yield about 5 to IS kg of wool per year.

Question 22.
Do we find any difference between hairs of all animals?
Answer:

1. Certainly, hair of camel that lives in Rajasthan is not same as Angora goat that lives in Kashmir.
2. Camels have rough and coarse hair.
3. Under this rough hair some animals usually have soft hair as well.
4. Angora goat or the Merino sheep have soft hair.

Question 23.
Where do we find sheep or goat that give us wool?
Answer:
In Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Haryana, Punjab. Rajasthan and Gujarat. They are often reared on large farms.

Question 24.
What do the people do with scissor in removing fleece of sheep?
Answer:

1. A shear is used to cut fleece from sheep.
2. During spring season fleece of sheep is removed from its body using this type of razor.
3. This process is called shearing (Fig.). To prevent damage to skin, grease is used.
   

Question 25.
If you are going to visit Ooty, a hill station in the month of November, which type of clothes would you carry
Answer:

1. Ooty is the cold place as it is a hill area.
2. I would like to keep woolen clothes in my luggage in order to protect myself from cold condition.
3. I would carry sweaters, gloves, scarfs and shoes to protect myself during cold days.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 8 Air, Winds and Cyclones Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Solutions 8th Lesson Air, Winds and Cyclones

7th Class Science 8th Lesson Air, Winds and Cyclones Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
Fill the missing words in the blank spaces in the following statements.
a) Wind is ………….. air.
b) Winds are generated due to ……….. heating on the earth.
c) Near the earth’s surface ………. air rises up whereas ………. air comes down.
d) Air moves from a region of ……….. pressure to a region of ……….. pressure.
Answer:
a) moving
b) uneven
c) hot, cold
d) high, low

Question 2.
Suggest two methods to find out wind direction at a given place.
Answer:
Two methods to find out wind direction are:

1. Using an anemometer.
2. A simple method is to hold some dust and release in the air. Dust will fly in the direction of wind flow.

Question 3.
State two experiences that make you think that air exerts pressure (other than those given in the text).
Answer:
a) Experiment 1:

1. When we fill air in a balloon, it inflates due to pressure exerted by air.
2. When it is overfilled with air, it bursts due to excess of air pressure.

b) Experiment 2: When a banner is hanging in open air, it tears due to the pressure exerted by air.

Question 4.
While constructing a house, where do we construct ventilators; why?
Answer:

1. Warm air rises upwards and cool air comes downwards.
2. To make a stream of cool and fresh air to flow in continuation into the house through the windows, there must be some ventilators in the upper parts of the walls of the house.

Question 5.
Explain why holes are made in banners and hoardings hanging in the open.
Answer:

1. Air exerts pressure.
2. If there are no holes in the banners and hoardings, they will be damaged.
3. To make them safe, holes are made to give the air a safe passage.

Question 6.
How will you help your neighbours in case of cyclone approaches your village/ town?
Answer:

1. We help and cooperate our neighbours.
2. We help in making necessary arrangements to shift their essential household goods, domestic animals and vehicles etc., to safer places.
3. We suggest them.
   a) to avoid driving on roads as flood water standing on roads might have damaged the roads.
   b) not to drink water which might have been contaminated.
   c) advise them not to touch fallen power lines and wet switches.
   d) exhorts them not to go out for fun.

Question 7.
In the day time, when we go to the sea the air blows towards us and does not go towards the sea. Explain.
Answer:

1. The land heats up faster than sea, so warm air rises over the land during the day as it is warmed by the sun.
2. This can create a sea breeze which is gentle breeze blowing into the land.
3. So air blows towards us and does not go towards the sea during day time.

Question 8.
Which of the statements given below is correct?
a) In winter the winds flow from the land to the ocean.
b) In summer the winds flow from the land towards the ocean.
c) A cyclone is formed by a very high pressure system with very high speed winds revolving around it.
d) The coastline of India is not vulnerable to cyclones.
Answer:
The only correct statement is
a) In winter the winds flow from the land to the ocean.

Question 9.
Collect the particulars of different cyclones and names given to them and display them in the class.
Answer:

Question 10.
Play the role of a news reader giving weather report and cyclone warnings.
Answer:
Student Activity.

Question 11.
Read the following procedure and make your own anemometer.
Answer:
Collect the following items

1. (a) 4 small paper cups
   (b) Two strips of the cardboard 20 cm long, 2 cm width
   (c) Gum
   (d) Stapler
   (e) Sketch pen
   (f) sharpened pencil.
2. Take a scale draw crosses under the card board strips as shown in figure.
   
3. Fix the strips at the centre, putting one over the other they make a ’+’ sign. Now fix the cups at the ends of the strips.
4. Colour one cup with sketch pen. All four cups should face in the same direction.
5. Push a pin through the centre of the strips and attach the strips to the sharpened pencil.
6. Check that the strips rotate freely and when you blow on the cups.
7. Your anemometer is ready. Counting the number of rotations for a minute will give you an estimate the speed of the wind.
8. The student can thus find the speed of the wind.

Question 12.
Collect some articles and photographs from newspapers and magazines about storms and cyclones. Make a story on the basis of what you learnt in this chapter.
Answer:
This can be done by the student independently.

Question 13.
Interview eye witnesses to collect the actual experiences of people affected by a cyclone.
Answer:
A cyclonic storm creates terror. The wind flow is very high with lot of fearing sound. Small houses like huts and sheds collapsed. There is no power to know the information about cyclone. Nobody is ready to come out to rescue the victims. Heavy rain causes flooded roads. No food and no water to drink. We came outside after the cyclone. It seemed our village was a big river.

Question 14.
More fun with air.
A) Do the following activities and write your findings.

1. Take an empty bottle and place it on the table as shown in figure.
   
2. Place a cotton ball just inside its mouth.
3. Now try to blow air on the ball to send it into the bottle, and then try the activity with bottles of different sizes.
4. Throw a challenge to your friends whether they can send the cotton ball inside the bottle by blowing air,
5. Are you surprised? Why did this happen? Think about it and discuss with your friends.

B) Can you blow out the ball from funnel?

1. Take a funnel and ball, keep the funnel in your mouth as shown in figure.
   
2. Keep the ball in the funnel.
3. Blow air through the funnel and try to send out the ball from funnel.
4. It is not possible because the air blown creates a low pressure area under the ball.
5. This sucks the ball in the funnel.
6. And then place the ball on your hand and put the funnel over the ball as shown in figure.
   
7. Now blow air forcefully through funnel and try to blow out the ball from the funnel (while blowing air,m remove hand).
   a) What did you observe?
   b) What did you expect?
   c) What happens?
   Answer:
   a) The ball did not fall down.
   b) I expected that the ball falls,
   c) The ball remained in the funnel.

C) Flow of air Experiment.

1. Take a large plastic bottle and a two holed rubber cork that fits firmly into its mouth.
2. Also take two glass tubes. Tie a coloured balloon to the lower end of one of the glass tubes.
3. Insert the glass tubes into the two holes of the cork.
4. The glass tubes should fit tightly in the holes.
5. Close the mouth of the bottle with the cork and seal it with sealing wax to make the bottle airtight.
6. The balloon should be inside the bottle as shown in fig.
   
7. Now suck air out of the bottle through the tube that doesn’t have a balloon attached to it.
   a) What happens to the ballon?
   b) Why do you think this happened?
   Answer:
   a) The balloon inflated.
   b) 1) Inside the bottle low pressure developed. This made the air to rush into the bottle.
   2) As balloon is attached to the other end of the glass tube, air enters into it and the balloon inflates.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Important Questions Unit 1

7th Class English Important Questions Unit 1

Section – A: Reading Comprehension

A. Reading

1. Read the following text.

The town mouse and the country mouse were cousins. They often wrote to each other. One day, the country mouse got this letter from his cousin.

Kitchen Cupboard,
Mouse Town.
11 March 2012.

Dear Cousin,

I have been ill with a cough and my doctor feels I need a holiday. He has asked me to spend a week in the countryside. May I stay with you? Please give me an early reply.

With warm regards,

Yours affectionately,
Town Mouse

To
Country Mouse, The Mouse Hole,
Mouse Country.

Now answer the following questions:
a) Who sent the letter to whom?
b) Where does the country mouse live?
c) Where does the town mouse live ?
d) What relation does the country mouse and town mouse have ?
e) How long does the town mouse want to stay in the country ?
f) Why does the town mouse want to visit the country mouse ?
Answers:
a) The town mouse sent the letter to the country mouse.
b) The country mouse lives in the mouse hole in Mouse Country.
c) The town mouse lives in kitchen cupboard in Mouse Town.
d) The country mouse and the town mouse are cousins.
e) The town mouse wants to stay for a week in the country.
f) The town mouse had been suffering from cough and cold and his doctor advised him to spend a week in the countryside.

2. Read the following passage.

Receiving the invitation from the country mouse, the town mouse packed his bags and caught the next train to the countryside. The day was bright and sunny and soon the town mouse began to feel hot in the train.
“I wish there was an air-conditioned coach,” he said to himself. “I feel very uncomfortable here.”
However, there was nothing he could do about it. So, he grumbled to himself while the train chugged’slowly into the country. The country mouse was waiting at the station.
“Oh, cousin,” the town mouse said as soon as he got off the train. “The train was dreadful, I feel terribly hot and thirsty. I hope you have something ice-cold for me to drink at home.”
“Well, I have some water,” said the country mouse. “But I can look around for some coconut water if you like.”
“Coconut water?” asked the town mouse in horror. “Don’t you have any orange juice or lemonade ?”
“I am afraid not,” replied his cousin. “But I found a very nice piece of root today and a tender bit of sugar-cane. I’m sure you will enjoy that.”

Now answer the following questions:
a) How was the day weather when the town mouse travelled to the country?
b) “I wish there was an air-conditioned coach,” he said to himself. “I feel very uncomfortable here” – What does this tell us about the town mouse?
c) How did the town mouse feel in the train?
d) What did the country mouse offer the town mouse as soon as he got off the train?
e) What did the town mouse ask the country mouse for ?
Answers:
a) The day was very bright and sunny when the town mouse travelled to the country.
b) It tells us that the town mouse was leading a luxurious, comfortable and civilised life in the town with all modern amenities and comforts.
c) The town mouse felt that the train was dreadful. He felt very hot and thirsty in the train.
d) The country mouse offered some water or coconut water to the town mouse as soon as he got off the train.
e) The town mouse asked the country mouse for orange juice or lemonade.

3. Read the following passage.

“I am afraid not, “ replied his cousin. “But I found a very nice piece of root today and a tender bit of sugar-cane. I’m sure you will enjoy that.”
“Root? Sugar-cane?” the town mouse exclaimed. “But I don’t eat raw food like that.”
The country mouse said, “This is what we eat in the country. So, I’m afraid you too have to eat this. Try it. It’s not bad.”
The town mouse did not enjoy his dinner at all. He nibbled at the root and the sugar-cane and then said he wanted to sleep. The country mouse showed a corner in the mouse hole and said, “There you are; you can sleep there.”
“On the ground?” asked the town mouse. “Do I have to sleep on the ground?”
“Yes, this is how we sleep in the country,” his cousin answered.
As the town mouse lay down on the hard, cold ground, he suddenly thought of something. “Cousin,” he called out.
“Yes, what is it?” the country mouse asked. .
“Why is it so quiet here? Where are all the cars and lorries? Where are the radios and the televisions? Where are all the lights ?”
“This is how it is in the country,” his cousin replied. “It’s always quiet in the country. Sometimes it is quieter than today. My grandfather says that our village is the quietest among all the villages in our district.” “Oh! Is it? The country is a strange place,” said the town mouse. But he said to himself, “I don’t think I like this place.”

Now answer the following questions:
a) What did the country mouse eat in the country?
b) What does the clause ‘I am afraid’ here mean?
c) Where did the country mouse sleep?
d) What did the town mouse worry about?
e) Why did the town mouse not like the country?
Answers:
a) The country mouse used to eat raw food like roots and sugar-cane.
b) ‘I am afraid’ here means ‘sorry’. It is used to express apology;
c) The country mouse used to sleep on the ground.
d) The town mouse worried why it was so quiet in the country, why there were no radios and televisions, why there were no cars and lorries, in the country.
e) There was no delicious food such as bread, jam, fruits and chocolates in the country. There was no comfortable bed to sleep There were no buses and lorries and there was no busy life in the country. Hence the town mouse did not like the country.

4. Read the following passage.

Next morning, the town mouse found that there was no breakfast ready. His cousin told him that they had to go to the nearby farm to search for food.
“We are sure to find something there,” he said. “A nice piece of root or a tender bit of sugar-cane.”
But the town mouse had enough. “Thank you, cousin,” he said. “But I think I’ll catch the next train home. I have suddenly remembered that I have forgotten something.”
A few days later, the country mouse wrote to his cousin, the town mouse. Here is the letter.

Mouse Hole,
Mouse Country.
22 March 2012.

My dear Cousin,

I hope you are well. I am worried about you. I would like to visit you and make sure you are alright.

With love,

Your cousin,
Country Mouse

To
Town Mouse,
Kitchen Cupboard,
Mouse Town.

The town mouse received the letter and read it. Since he was in a hurry, he sent a telegram to the country mouse. Here is his telegram.

OVERJOYED (.) COME SOON (.)
TOWN MOUSE

Now answer the following questions:
a) Where had the mice to go for collecting breakfast?
b) What might they get for their breakfast?
c) Why do you think the town mouse said that he would catch the next train?
d) What did the country mouse write in his letter to his cousin?
e) “Since he was in hurry, he sent a telegram to the countryside” – What does this line suggest us about the life of the town mouse?
Answers :
a) The mice had to go to the nearby farm to search for food.
b) They might get a nice piece of root or a tender bit of sugar-cane for their breakfast.
c) The town mouse did not like the style of living.in the countryside. He was unable to adjust to the ways of the village. So he wanted to go back to the town.
d) The country mouse wrote that he was very much worried about his sick cousin. He said that he would like to visit his cousin to see whether he was alright.
e) It suggests us that in town the life of people is very busy.

5. Read the following passage.
A few days later, the.country mouse arrived in the town. He was surprised by the noise and the lights.
“Why are there lights even in the middle of the night?” he asked.
“This is the town,” his cousin replied. “Here there are lights even in the middle of the day.” “And what is this dreadful noise that never stops?” asked the country mouse.
“That is the traffic,” the town mouse replied. “That is the noise made by buses, lorries, cars and aeroplanes.”
But the country mouse did not like it at all. “All this noise has made my head ache,” he said. “Could I have some water to drink?”
“Why only water?” said the town mouse. “Look at what there is for you – ice cold lemonade, orange juice … which one do you want?”
“Just some water,” answered the country mouse. “Some water and a little bit of food.”
“I have plenty of food, cousin,” said the town mouse proudly. “You can eat as much as you like.”
Sure enough, the house of the town mouse at the back of a kitchen cupboard was full of most delicious food.

Now answer the following questions:
a) What surprised the country mouse in the town?
b) Where did the noise come from?
c) Why did the country mouse not like the noise in the town?
d) What did the town mouse offer his cousin when he asked for water?
e) Why did the town mouse say proudly that he had a plenty of food?
Answers :
a) The country mouse was surprised by the noise and lights in the town.
b) The noise came from the traffic. This noise was made by buses, lorries, cars and aeroplanes.
c) His village was very peaceful. There was no traffic in the country. There were no buses, lorries, cars and aeroplanes in the village.
d) The town mouse offered his cousin ice-cold lemonade, orange juice.
e) In the town a lot of delicious food was available, but in the village every time they were
hungry they had to search for food here and there.

6. Read the following passage.

There was bread and jam, different kinds of fruits, slabs of chocolate and a huge piece of lovely cheese.
“Eat, cousin, eat,” said the town mouse. But just then, there was a sound like a thunder and the town mouse shouted. “Run, cousin, run, run.”
The town mouse pushed the country mouse out through a hole in the back of the cupboard. The country mouse felt his heart beating very fast, “But what is it?” he asked.
“Sssh. ..” whispered the town mouse. “Wait.”
When everything was silent again, the town mouse crept out of the hole. He was quite cheerful again.
“Come out now, cousin,” he said. “That was only somebody opening the cupboard door. We are safe now.”
But they were not safe for very long. Twice more, they had to run for safety when somebody opened the cupboard door.
The country mouse got quite tired of running and hiding. “I want to go back to the country, ” he said. “We may not get much food there, but at least we can eat in peace.”
So, the next day, the country mouse went back to his house in the country and the town mouse stayed on in his cupboard in the town. And as far as I know, they did not visit each other again.

Now answer the following questions.
a) “There was bread and jam, different kinds of fruits” What difference do you find between the food available in the country and that of the town?
b) Where did the town mouse live?
c) “But just then, there was a sound like a thunder” – Where did the sound come from?
d) “We are safe now” – Were they really safe now? Why / Why not?
e) The country mouse wanted to go back to the country. Why?
Answers:
a) In the country the mice had to search for food which was raw and traditional but in the town variety of food was readily available, cooked and delicious.
b) The town mouse lived at the back of the cupboard.
c) The sound came from the opening of the cupboard door.
d) No. They were not really safe. They had to run for safety every time the door of the cupboard was opened.
e) The country mouse got quite tired of running and hiding. Though he did not get much food in the country he could live peacefully and safely there.

7. Read the following passage.

The town mouse and the country mouse were cousins. They often wrote to each other. Receiving the invitation from the country mouse, the town mouse packed his bags and caught the next train to the countryside. The day was bright and sunny and soon the town mouse began to feel hot in the train.
“I wish there was an air-conditioned coach,” he said to himself. “I feel very uncomfortable here”. However, there was nothing he could do about it. So, he grumbled to himself while the train chugged slowly into the country. The country mouse was waiting at the station. “Oh, cousin,” the town mouse said as soon as he got off the train. “The train was dreadful, I feel terribly hot and thirsty. I hope you have something ice-cold for me to drink at home.”
“Well,’I have some water,” said the country mouse. “But I can look around for .some coconut water if you like.” “Coconut water?” asked the town mouse in’horror. “Don’t you have any orange juice or lemonade?”

Now, answer the following questions.
a) Describe how the town mouse felt in the train.
b) Why is the town mouse travelling to the countryside?
c) “Coconut water?” asked the town mouse in horror. “Don’t you have any orange juice or lemonade?”
Based on the above lines from the passage, what can we say about the town mouse?
d) What food was arranged by the country mouse for the town mouse?
e) Why was the town mouse feeling thirsty?
Answers:
a) The town mouse felt hot and uncomfortable in the train. He wished that there was an air- conditioned coach in the train. But he couldn’t do anything about it.
b) The country mouse invited the town mouse to visit the countryside. So, the town mouse was travelling to the countryside.
c) The town mouse was enjoying the varieties of food and luxuries available in the town. It felt strange as the countryside did not have those facilities. The town mouse was not happy and could not adjust with the simple and natural things of country life. He wanted to have all the luxurious items.
d) A nice piece of root and a tender bit of sugarcane was arranged for dinner.
e) The town mouse felt thirsty because he had travelled in a train on a sunny day and was feeling hot.

8. Read the following passage.

Receiving the invitation from the country mouse, the town mouse packed his bags and caught the next train to the countryside. The day was bright and sunny and soon the town mouse began to feel hot in the train.
“I wish there was an air-conditioned coach,” he said to himself. “I feel very uncomfortable here.”

Now, answer the following questions.
a) Who sent the invitation to the town mouse?
b) How was the town mouse going to the countryside?
c) How was the weather?
d) What did the town mouse wish to have?
e) Why did the town mouse wish to have it?
Answers :
a) The country mouse sent the invitation to the town mouse.
b) The town mouse was going to the countryside by a train,
c) The weather was very hot.
d) The town mouse wished to have an air conditioned coach.
e) In the town the town mouse used to live with all comforts such as air condition. He was unable to withstand the heat of the sun. So he wished to have an air-conditioned coach.

9. Read the following passage.

Next morning, the town mouse found that there was no breakfast ready. His cousin told him that they had to go to the nearby farm to search for food. ‘We are sure to find something there,” he said. “A nice piece of root or a tender bit of sugar-cane.” But the town mouse had enough. ‘Thank you, cousin,” he said. “But I think I’ll catch the next train home. I have suddenly remembered that I have forgotten something.”

Now, answer the following questions.
a) What did the town mouse find?
b) Where will they find the food?
c) Why did the town mouse want to go home?
d) What reason did the town mouse give for going home?
e) Identify two food items mentioned in the passage.
Answers:
a) that there was no breakfast ready
b) in a nearyby farm
c) The town mouse used to have varieties of ready made and delicious food in the town. But now here in the countryside it has to go the fields in search of raw food. So the town mouse wanted to go home.
d) The town mouse told that he suddenly remembered that he had forgotten something.
e) root and sugarcane

B. Reading

1. Read the following stanza.

I live in the town
In a street;
It is crowded with traffic
And feet;
There are buses and motors
And trams;
I wish there were meadows
And lambs.

Now answer the following questions:
a) Who does ‘I’ in the above stanza refer to?
b) Where does the speaker live?
c) How is the street where he lives?
d) Why is there a lot of traffic?
e) Does the speaker like the town?
f) What does he wish?
g) How does the speaker like his place to be?
h) Where does the speaker want to live?
i) Why does the speaker not like the town?
j) Where do you expect the meadows and lambs-in towns or in the country ?
k) Pick out the rhyming words from the stanza.
Answers :
a) ‘I’ in the above stanza refers to the town child.
b) The speaker lives in the town.
c) The street is full of traffic and pedestrians.
d) Because there are a lot of buses, motors and trams.
e) No. The speaker (the town child) does not like the town.
f) He wishes that there were meadows and lambs.
g) The speaker likes his place to be beautiful with meadows and animals.
h) The speaker wants to live in a village which is full of meadows and animals.
i) The town is completely congested with full of buildings and traffic. There are no meadows and animals which make the nature beautiful in the town. So he does not like to live in a town.
j) We can expect the meadows and lambs in the villages but not in the town.
k) 1) street…. feet; 2) trams – lambs.

2. Read the following stanza.

The houses all wait
In a row,
There is smoke everywhere
That I go.
I don’t like the noises
I hear.
I wish there were woods
Very near.

Now answer the following questions:
a) Who is speaking in this stanza?
b) How are the houses built?
c) ‘There is a smoke everywhere” – What does ‘there I here refer to? (Or) Where is the smoke?
d) Why is there a lot of smoke everywhere?
e) What does he not like?
f) Where do these noises come from?
g) What does the speaker wish?
h) Why does the speaker want to have ‘woods’ near his place?
i) What do you understand from the wish of the speaker?
j) Pick out the rhyming words from the stanza.
Answers :
a) The town child is speaking in this stanza.
b) The houses are built in a row.
c) ‘There’ here refers to the town. (Or) The smoke is everywhere in the town.
d) Because in town there are a lot of factories, hotels, industries and a lot of cars, buses, trams and lorries. They emit a lot of smoke.
e) He does not like the noises and smoke from the factories, industries and vehicles.
f) These noises come from the vehicles, industries and factories.
g) The speaker wishes to have forests or woods near his town.
h) The speaker wishes to have forests near his town because the trees of the forests help to control pollution by absorbing the carbon dioxide.
i) We understand that the speaker wants to live peacefully away from the noise and pollution of the town.
j) row – go; hear – near.

3. Read the following stanza.

There is only one thing
That I love,
And that is the sky
Far above,
There is plenty of room
In the blue
For castles of clouds
And me, too!

Now answer the following questions :
a) Who does ‘I’ here refer to?
b) What is the only thing the speaker loves?
c) Why does he like sky?
d) “In the blue” – What does the word ‘blue’ here mean?
e) What castles are there in the sky?
f) “And me too’ – Where does the speaker want to be?
g) Why does the speaker want himself to be in castles of clouds?
h) What is the plenty of room there in the sky for?
i) Which word in the above stanza means “large strong buildings”?
j) Pick out the rhyming words from the stanza.
Answers:
a) ‘I’ here refers to the town child.
b) The only thing the speaker (the town child) loves in the town is the sky.
c) Because in the sky there is a lot of room and there are no buildings and vehicles, noise and smoke in the sky.
d) The word ‘blue’ here means the ‘sky’.
e) In the sky there are castles of clouds.
f) The speaker wants to be in the sky.
g) Because in the castles of clouds there is no smoke and noise and there is a lot of open place in the sky. In the sky he can be away from pollution and helter- skelter of the town.
h) In the sky there is a lot of room for the castles of clouds.
i) Castles
j) love … above; blue – too.

4. Read the following stanza.

My home is a house
Near a wood
(I’d live in a street
If I could!)
The lanes are so quiet,
Oh, dear!
I do wish that someone Lived near.

Now answer the following questions:
a) Who is speaking in this stanza?
b) Where is the speaker’s house?
c) Where does he want to live?
d) How are the lanes?
e) Why are the lanes so quiet?
f) What does the speaker wish?
g) Which word in the stanza means “an area of trees smaller than a forest”?
h) Who does the speaker address as ‘dear’?
i) “I wish that someone lived near” – What do you understand from this sentence?
j) Pick out the rhyming words from the stanza.
Answers:
a) The country child is speaking in the stanza.
b) The speaker’s house is near a wood.
c) The speaker (The country child) wants to live in a street in the town.
d) The lanes in his village are so quiet.
e) Because there are a few people in the village.
f) The speaker wishes that someone lives near his house.
g) ‘wood’
h) The speaker addresses the readers as ‘dear’.
i) In the country very few people live and there are no one to play with him. So he wishes someone to live in his neighbourhood.
j) wood …. could ; dear …. near.

5. Read the following stanza.

There is no one to play with
At all,
The trees are so high
And so tall;
And I should be lonely
For hours,
Were it not for the birds
And the flowers.

Now answer the following questions:
a) Why is there no one to play with?
b) How are the trees?
c) Why are the trees so high and tall?
d) How is he in the country?
e) Were it not for the birds and the flowers’ – What does this clause mean?
f) Who are the friends for him in the country?
g) When should he be lonely?
h) What does the poet want to describe in the stanza?
i) Why does the speaker not want to live in the village?
j) Pick out the rhyming words from the stanza.
Answers:
a) Because it is the country and very few people live there.
b) The trees are high and tall.
c) Because in the country there is a lot of place. In the town all the trees are cut down for want of site for construction of houses, factories and roads.
d) He is lonely in the country.
e) It means that if the birds and flowers were not there, he should be lonely in the country.
f) The birds and flowers are his friends in the country.
g) If the birds and animals were not there, he should be lonely.
h) The poet wants to describe why the country child does not like to live in the „ country.
i) The speaker does not like to live in the country because there are no one to give company to him in the country.
j) all – tall; hours – flowers.

6. Read the following stanza.

I wish that I lived
In a town
To see all the trams
Going down
A twinkling street
That is bright
With wonderful colours
At night!

Now answer the following questions:
a) Who does ‘I’ here refer to?
b) Where does the speaker live?
c) What does the speaker wish?
d) Why does he want to live in a town?
e) What attracts him to the town life?
f) How are the streets in the town at night?
g) What does the poet want to describe in the stanza?
h) Pick out the rhyming words in the stanza.
i) Why are the nights colourful in towns?
j) If you were given an option to live in a town or a country, where would you prefer to live?
Answers:
a) ‘I’ here refers to the country child.
b) The speaker lives in a country.
c) The speaker wishes to live in a town.
d) In a town he can see the trams, the bright lights, colourful nights. They make him wish to live in a town.
e) The trams, the colourful nights and the bright lights attract him to the town life.
f) The streets are bright and colourful in the town at night.
g) The poet wants to describe why people are attracted to the city life in the stanza.
h) town – down; bright – night.
i) The town wakes up all the night and some activity or other goes on all the night in the town. So the nights are bright and colourful in the town.
j) If I were given an option to live in a town or in a country, I would prefer to live in a country.

7. Read the following stanza.

The Town Child

I live in the town
In a street;
It is crowded with traffic
And feet;
There are buses and motors
And trams;
I wish there were meadows
And lambs.
The houses all wait
In a row,
There is smoke everywhere
That I go.
I don’t like the noises
I hear –
I wish there were woods
Very near.

Now, answer the following questions:
a) Where does the ‘speaker’ live?
b) Pick out any two vehicles from the poem.
c) What does the speaker find everywhere?
d) Pick out the word that rhymes with ‘trams’.
e) What does the speaker want to be very near?
Answers:
a) The speaker lives in a town.
b) Buses and trams
c) The speaker finds smoke everywhere.
d) ‘lambs’
e) The speaker wants to have woods very near.

C. Reading

1. Read the following passage.

When spring came to the city of Cleveland in 1909, it did not change Gates Avenue.
People who lived on the pretty streets near Gates Avenue were making gardens and painting their houses. But Gates Avenue continued to ‘look dirty and ugly.
Gates Avenue was a short street, but it seemed longer because it was so ugly. Most of the families who lived there had very little money. They never expected to have any more. Their houses had not been painted in many years, and they did not even have n.inning water.
The street itself was ugly too. There was no pavement, there was no streetlight; and the railroad’ at the end of Gates Avenue added noise and dirt.

Now answer the following questions:
a) Why did Gates Avenue seem longer though it was short?
b) Why were the houses not painted in Gates Avenue?
c) What facilities did they not have in Gates Avenue street?
d) What added noise and dirt to Gates Avenue?
e) Who were making gardens and painting their houses?
Answers:
a) Gates Avenue seemed very long because it was very much ugly and dirty.
b) because the people in Gates Avenue were very poor.
c) Gates Avenue did not have pavement and streetlight.
d) The rail road at the end of the street added noise and dirt to Gates Avenue.
e) People who lived on the pretty streets near Gates Avenue were making gardens and painting their houses.

Additional Questions
a) What is the name of the street mentioned in the passage?
b) En what way was Gates Avenue different from other streets?
c) Why was Gates Avenue ugly and dirty?
d) What made Gates Avenue look very ugly?
e) Where is Gates Avenue?
f) Why did the other streets in Cleveland look pretty?
g) “….. they did not even have running water’ – What does the phrase ‘running water’ here mean?
Answers:
a) Gates Avenue was the name of the street.
b) While all the other streets were made-beautiful by growing gardens and painting houses Gates Avenue looked dirty and ugly.
c) 1. The people living in Gates Avenue were very poor.
2. They could not afford to paint their houses.
3. There was no proper drainage system in the Avenue.
4. The street itself was ugly.
5. Lack of pavements and drainage system and the existence of the rail gate at the end of the street made the street even more ugly.
d) The rail road at the end of the street made the street even more ugly.
e) Gates Avenue is in Cleveland.
f) The people in other streets made their streets look beautiful by growing gardens and painting their houses.
g) Water supply system through pipes and taps

2. Read the following passage.

The other girls in the school near Gates Avenue wore new and pretty clothes that spring. But the little girl from Gates Avenue still wore the dirty dress that she had worn all winter. Probably that was the only dress she owned.
Her teacher was very unhappy. The little girl was so nice! She always worked hard in school; she was always friendly and polite. Her face was dirty and her hair was untidy, but anyone could see that she was pretty under the dirt.
One day the teacher said, “Won’t you wash your face before you come to school tomorrow morning? Please do that, just for me.
The next morning the child’s pretty face was clean, and her hair tidy. Before the little girl went home that afternoon, the teacher said, “Now, dear, please ask your mother to wash your dress.”
But the girl continued to wear the same dirty dress, “Her mother is probably not interested in her,” the teacher thought. So she bought a bright blue dress and gave it to the little girl. The child took the gift eagerly and rushed home.

Now answer the following questions:
a) Why did the girl wear the dirty dress?
b) “Probably that was the only dress she owned” – How can you say?
c) Why was the teacher unhappy?
d) Why would all the people say, “She was pretty under the dirt”?
e) What kind of girl was she?
f) “Please do that just for me.” – What does the word ‘that’ here mean?
g) Why did the girl look pretty the next day?
h) What did the teacher request the girl the next day?
i) Why did the girl continue to wear the same dirty dress?
j) What did the teacher do on the third day to make her look beautiful?
Answers:
a) Because the girl was poor and she owned only one dress.
b) 1. She was very poor.
2. She used to wear the same dress every day.
c) Because though the girl was so nice her face was dirty and her hair was untidy.
d) Naturally she was very pretty and beautiful but her face was dirty and her hair was untidy. So everyone would say she was pretty under the dirt.
e) She was a nice girl. She always worked hard in school. She was always friendly and polite.
f) ‘That’ here means washing her face before coming to school.
g) Because the next morning the girl washed her face and had her hair combed.
h) The next morning the teacher requested the girl to get her dress washed.
i) Because she had only one dress and she would not have had another dress if she had got it washed.
j) On the third day the teacher bought a new blue dress and gave it to the girl to make her look beautiful.

3. Read the following passage.

The next morning she came to school in the new blue dress, and she was very clean and tidy. She told her teacher, “My mother couldn’t believe her eyes when she saw me this morning in my new dress. My father wasn’t at home, but he’ll see me at supper tonight.” She was full of excitement.
When her father saw her in her new blue dress, he was amazed to find that he had a very pretty little girl. When the family ate supper, he was even more amazed to see a cloth on the kitchen table-, The family had never used a table cloth before. “We’re going to begin to be tidier here,” his wife said. “I’m ashamed to be dirty when our daughter is so clean.”
After supper, the mother began to wash the kitchen floor. Her husband watched silently for several moments. Then he went outside and began to repair the fence. The next evening, with the family’s help, he began to make a garden.

Now answer the following questions:
a) How did the girl look the next morning when she came to school?
b) Why was she very clean and tidy the next morning?
c) Why could her mother not believe her eyes?
d) Why was the girl full of excitement?
e) What made her father amazed?
f) What made her father even more amazed?
g) What did her father decide?
h) Why was her mother ashamed?
i) What did her mother do to be tidier?
j) What did her father do to keep the surroundings clean?
Answers:
a) The girl was very clean and tidy the next day.
b) Because she washed her face, combed her hair and wore a new blue dress.
c) Because the girl looked beautiful in her blue dress.
d) Because she looked beautiful in her blue dress and her parents were happy to see her beautiful face.
e) Her father was amazed to know that his daughter was very beautiful.
f) When he saw a cloth on the kitchen table he was even more amazed.
g) Her father decided to begin to be tidier thereafter.
h) Her mother was ashamed to be dirty when their daughter was so clean.
i) She began to wash the kitchen floor after supper.
j) Her father repaired the fence and he began to grow a garden to make the surroundings clean.

4. Read the following passage.

During the following week, the man in the next house watched what his neighbour was doing. And by the end of the week, the man began to paint his house — for the first time in ten years. A few days later, the young minister of a church near Gates Avenue passed these two houses and saw two men working. For the first time he noticed that there was no pavement on Gates Avenue, and no streetlight, and no running water. “People who are trying so hard to make decent homes here deserve help,” the minister thought. He asked some important citizens in the city to help them.

Now answer the following questions:
a) How did girl’s father inspire his neighbour?
b) Who came to Gates Avenue?
c) What did the young minister notice?
d) What inspired the young minister to build a pavement?
e) Why did the minister feel that the people deserved help?
f) “He asked some important citizens to help them” – Who does ‘they’ here refer to?
g) What did the minister ask the important citizens to do?
h) What were the problems the minister noticed in Gates Avenue?
i) What did the minister see at first?
j) How long had the house not been painted?
Answers:
a) When the neighbour of the girl watched her father growing a garden he was inspired and began to paint his house.
b) The young minister of a church came to Gates Avenue.
c) The young minister noticed that the pavement, streetlights and running water were not there at Gates Avenue.
d) When he came to Gates Avenue he saw two men working in front of their houses to make their surroundings clean. It inspired the minister to build a pavement.
e) When he came to Gates Avenue he saw the people working to clean their surroundings; so he felt they deserved the help.
f) ‘They’ here refers to the people of Gates Avenue.
g) The minister asked the important citizens to help the people of Gates Avenue.
h) Lack of pavements, streetlights and proper running water system were the problems in Gates Avenue.
i) At first the minister saw the men working to clean their surroundings.
j) The house had not been painted for years.

5. Read the following passage.

A few months later, because of the young minister, there was a pavement on Gates Avenue.
There was a streetlight on the corner, and the houses had running water. Six months after the little girl got her new blue dress, Gates Avenue had become a tidy street where respectable citizens lived.
When people in other places heard the story of Gates Avenue, they began to organise their own ‘clean up’ campaigns. Since 1913, more than seven thousand towns and cities have organised campaigns for painting and repairing homes and making better lives for the people who live in them.
Who knows what will happen when a teacher gives a little girl a new blue dress?

Now answer the following questions:
a) Who was responsible for building a pavement?
b) What were the other services provided by the minister?
c) How long did it take to get a tidy street for Gates Avenue?
d) Now what type of citizens live in Gates Avenue?
e) How did the experience of Gates Avenue inspire the other places in the city?
f) When did the ‘clean up’ campaign begin in Cleveland?
g) Who do you think initiated the’clean up’campaign in Gates Avenue?
h) What type of activities were taken up as a part of ‘cleaning up campaign’?
i) Do you know any such campaign is going on in our country now? Name that campaign.
j) According the passage, how many towns and cities have organized ‘clean up’ campaigns since 1913?
Answers:
a) The young minister of the church was responsible for building a pavement.
b) The minister provided streetlight, and running water system in addition to the pavement in Gates Avenue.
c) Gates Avenue took six months after the girl had got a new dress to get a tidy street.
d) Now respectable citizens live ip Gates Avenue.
e) Having been inspired by the people of Gates Avenue the people of other places began to organise their own ‘clean up’ campaigns.
f) The ‘clean up’ campaign began in 1913 in Cleveland.
g) The ‘clean up’ campaign was actually initiated by the teacher who bought a new dress for the poor girl.
h) As a part of cleaning up campaign people took up painting, and repairing homes and making better lives for the people who live in it.
i) Yes. One such ‘clean up’ campaign is going on in our country now. The massive ‘clean up’ programme is called ‘Swatchch Bharath’ (Clean India). It was started by our Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 2nd October 2014.
j) More than seven thousand towns and cities.

6. Read the following passage.

The little girl from Gates Avenue wore the dirty dress that she had worn all winter. Probably that was the only dress she owned. Her teacher was very unhappy. The little girl was so nice! She always worked hard in school; she was always friendly and polite. Her face was dirty and her hair was untidy, but anyone could see that she was pretty under the dirt. One day the teacher said, “Won’t you wash your face before you come to school tomorrow morning? Please do that, just for me.”
The next morning the child’s pretty face was clean, and her hair tidy. Before the little girl went home that afternoon, the teacher said, “Now, dear, please ask your mother to wash your dress. “But the girl continued to wear the same dirty dress, “Her mother is probably not interested in her” the teacher thought. So she bought a bright blue dress and gave it to the little girl. The child took the gift eagerly and rushed home. The next morning she came to school in the new blue dress, and she was very clean and tidy. She told her teacher, “My mother couldn’t believe her eyes when she saw me this morning in my new dress. My father wasn’t at home, but he’ll see me at supper tonight.” She was full of excitement. When her father saw her in her new-blue dress, he was amazed to find that he had a very pretty little girl.

Now, answer the following questions.
a) What was the teacher’s opinion about the girl’s mother?
b) Why was the teacher unhappy?
c) What kind of girl was the little girl in the. above passage?
d) Why would all people say “She was pretty under the dirt”?
e) Describe the nature of the teacher based on the story.
Answers:
a) The teacher’s opinion was that that the girl’s mother was probably not interested in the tidy appearance of her daughter.
b) Because the girl wore the same dirty dress every day and had an untidy appearance.
c) She was a nice girl. She always worked hard in school. She was always friendly and polite.
d) Naturally she was very pretty and beautiful but her face was dirty and her hair was untidy.
So everyone would say she was pretty under the dirt.
e) The teacher was kind, caring and helpful in nature. She gave good advice to the girl and also brought Tier a new dress. She was really interested in her well-being. She wanted to help her to maintain a tidy appearance.

Unseen Comprehension

1. Read the following passage carefully.

An elephant does not work mechanically, like many other animals. He never stops learn¬ing because he is always thinking. Not even really a good sheep – dog can compare with an elephant in intelligence. An elephant never forgets. His little actions reveal an intelligence which finds in prompt solutions for new difficulties. If he cannot reach with his trunk some part of his body that itches, he does not rub it against a tree; he may pick up a long stick and give Himself a good stretch with that instead. If he pulls up some grass, and it comes up by the roots with a lump of earth, he will smack it against his foot until all the earth is shaken off or, if the water is handy, he will wash it clean, before putting it into his mouth.

Now answer the following questions.
a) Why does the elephant never stop learning?
Answer:
The elephant never stops learning because he is always thinking.

b) Write at least two actions which prove that the elephant is an intelligent.
Answer:
i) If he cannot reach with his trunk some part of his body that itches, he picks up a long stick and gives himself a good stretch with that instead.
ii) If he pulls up some grass, and it comes up by .the roots with a lump of earth, he will smack it against his foot, until the earth is shaken off.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
c) Why does an elephant want a long stick? ( )
i) To dig out a lump of earth
ii) To smack it against his foot
iii) To rub that part of his body that itches
iv) To defend himself from the enemy
Answer:
iii) To rub that part of his body that itches

d) Why does the elephant smack some grass against his foot? ( )
i) To grind it
ii) To shake off the grass
iii) To rub his body with it
iv) To chew the roots
Answer:
ii) To shake off the grass

e) What does the elephant do before putting the grass roots with a lump of earth into his mouth ? ( )
i) He smacks it against his foot.
ii) He washes it clean.
iii) He either smacks it against the foot or washes it clean.
iv) He lifts it with his trunk and grinds it under his feet.
Answer:
iii) He either smacks it against the foot or washes it clean.

2. Read the following passage carefully.

Newton had a little dog. He called it Diamond. One day it was lying in his reading room. In the room there were heaps of papers and writings and a lighted candle on a table. Newton left the room for a few minutes and suddenly Diamond jumped upon the table. This caused the lighted candle to fall on the papers. All the papers caught fire and were burnt to ashes. On coming back, Newton saw to his surprise, what Diamond had done. But he did not strike the dog. He rather patted his head and said, ‘Diamond, you do not know-what mischief you have done.”

Now answer the following questions.
a) What were the things lying on the table?
Answer:
There were heaps of papers and writings and a burning candle on the table.

b) How did the papers catch fire?
Answer:
Newton was away for a short time. Then his pet dog suddenly jumped upon the table. This caused the lighted candle to fall on the papers and they caught fire.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
c) Newton called his dog ( )
i) Prince
ii) Pearl
iii) Diamond
iv) Ruby
Answer:
iii) Diamond

d) From the passage we can understand that Newton was ( )
i) kind and cool tempered
ii) cruel and short-tempered
iii) angry and ferocious
iv) Mad and vicious
Answer:
i) kind and cool tempered

e) What did Newton do when he found that his dog burnt his papers to ashes? ( )
i) He beat the dog.
ii) He killed the dog.
iii) He patted the dog.
iv) He shouted at the dog.
Answer:
iii) He patted the dog.

3. Read the following passage carefully.

Every day I walk a half-mile from my home to the tramcar lines in the morning, and from the lines to my home in the evening. The walk is pleasant. The road on either side is flanked by red and green-roofed bungalows, green lawns and gardens. The exercise is good for me and now and then I learn something from a little incident One morning, about half-way between my front gate and the tram track, I noticed two little boys one was four years old perhaps, the other five. Playing in the garden of one of the more modest cottages. The bigger of the two was a sturdy youngster, very dark, with a mat of coarse hair on his head and coal black eyes. He was definitely a little Jamaican – a strong little Jamaican. The other little fellow was smaller but also sturdy – he was white with hazel eyes and light-brown hair. Both were dressed in blue shirts and kaki pants: they wore no shoes and their feet were muddy. They were not conscious of my standing there.

Now answer the following questions.
a) He was definitely a Jamaican. How could the writer guess it?
Answer:
His dark colour and the mat of coarse hair on his head made the writer guess that he was a little Jamaican.

b) What is the exercise for the writer?
Answer:
A half a mile walk from home to the tramcar lines in the morning and from tramcar lines to the home in the evening was an exercise for the writer.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
c) How was the cottage where the boys were playing? ( )
i) beautiful
ii) modest
iii) modern
iv) ugly
Answer:
ii) modest

d) What are there on either side of the road? ( )
i) green lawns and gardens
ii) red and green-roofed bungalows
iii) small cottages with tild roofs
iv) big cottages with tiled roofs
Answer:
ii) red and green-roofed bungalows

e) How old was the black boy? ( )
i) six years
ii) four years
iii) five years
iv) eight years
Answer:
iii) five years

4. Read the following passage carefully.

Of all the weapons of destruction invented by science till today, the most destructive one is the Atom bomb. Scientists have succeeded in making this after years of research. These researches first started in Germany about the beginning of the Second World War. The German scientists were afterwards engaged by America, and a big laboratory covering several square miles was set up in that country. Constant researches were carried on in America very secretly and in 1944, the scientists succeeded in making the Atom bomb. During that time the Second World War was almost coming to an end. Germany was defeated. But the small country, Japan, was still waging the war against the mighty forces of England, France and Russia and America was forced to enter the war. An Atom bomb was flown from America to Japan, and was dropped on a city, in 1945, called Hiroshima, where a Japanese army was stationed. It was a great populous city. The bomb not only killed the whole army but also levelled all the houses to the ground and nothing was left but heaps of debris. Even many people living for away received severe burns by the rays that came out of the bursting bomb.

Now answer the following questions.
a) Why was the Atom bomb dropped on Hiroshima?
Answer:
to defeat Japan.

b) What was the achievement of the scientists in 1944?
Answer:
The Atom bomb was invented.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
c) Who invented the Atom bomb?
i) The American scientists
ii) The German scientists
iii) The Russian scientists
iv) The French scientists
Answer:
i) The American scientists

d) Where was a big laboratory set up?
i) In America
ii) In Germany
iii) In France
iv) In Japan
Answer:
i) In America

e) When was the Atom bomb dropped on Hiroshima?
i) in 1944
ii) in 1945
iii) At the beginning of the Second World War
iv) in 1946
Answer:
ii) in 1945

5. Read the following passage carefully.

Sharks have lived on earth for more than 180 million years. Although they live in all the oceans of the world, they are found mostly in sub-tropical and tropical waters. There are about 350 kinds of sharks. The largest sharks are the whale shark and the basking shark, which feed on plankton and small fish. The adult whale shark grows to about 13 metres long, while the basking shark extends a little over 8 metres. Most of the sharks are not ferocious. On the other hand, there are a number of sharks which have killed swimmers. These killer sharks include mako, the great hammerhead, lemon, blue and of course the great white shark. The great white shark is the largest and the most dangerous of all animals known to attack hu¬mans. It weighs more than 1,300 kilograms. It can swim through rough water also at a speed of 32 kilometres per hour. However, the fastest swimmer in the shark family is the blue shark, which can swim at a speed of nearly 72 kilometres per hour.

Now answer the following questions.
a) Name some killer sharks.
Answer:
Mako, the great hammerhead, lemon, blue and the great white shark are killer sharks.

b) Where are the sharks mostly found ?
Answer:
The sharks are mostly found in sub-tropical and tropical ocean waters.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
c) Which shark is the most ferocious shark? ( )
i) The lemon shark
ii) The great white shark
iii) The mako shark
iv) The great hammerhead shark
Answer:
ii) The great white shark

d) What is the average speed of a white shark? ( )
i) 40 kilometres per hour
ii) 32 kilometres per hour
iii) 65 kilometres per hour
iv) 72 kilometres per hour
Answer:
ii) 32 kilometres per hour

e) What is the fastest swimmer in the shark family? ( )
i) The lemon shark
ii) The blue shark
iii) The white shark
iv) The mako shark
Answer:
ii) The blue shark

Unseen (Data Interpretation)

1. Read the following table showing fat soluble vitamins, their sources and deficiency diseases.

Now answer the following questions.
a) Name some sources of carotene.
Answer:
Carrots, sweet potato and spinach

b) What is the scientific name of vitamin D?
Answer:
Calciferol

c) Which vitamin deficiency causes infertility in men?
Answer:
Vitamin E

d) The deficiency of which vitamin causes defective coagulation of blood?
Answer:
Vitamin K

e) Write the names of fat soluble vitamins.
Answer:
Vitamins A, D, E & K are fat soluble vitamins.

2. Study the following table.

List of Doctors in NRI Hospital, Guntur

Now answer the following questions.
a) Who is the youngest doctor of all?
Answer:
Sindhu is the youngest doctor of all.

b) Which doctor performs operations?
Answer:
Govind performs operations

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
c) Sindhu treats the problems of ………….. ( )
i) heart
ii) teeth
iii) eyes
Answer:
ii) teeth

d) Who treats the problems of women? ( )
i) Latha
ii) Sindhu
iii) Ramesh
Answer:
i) Latha

e) Which of the following statements is true according to the data given in the table? ( )
i) Two doctors come from Guntur.
ii) Govind comes from Ongole.
iii) There is only one physician in the hospital.
Answer:
iii) There is only one physician in the hospital.

3. Read the following information of Murthy’s family.

Now answer the following questions.
a) Who is Latha?
Answer:
Latha is the wife of Murthy.

b) How many grandchildren does Murthy have?
Answer:
Murthy has five grandchildren.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
c) Akhil is the son of ( )
i) Veena
ii) Swapna
iii) Bhagya
Answer:
iii) Bhagya

d) Aneesh and Ananya are: ( )
i) cousins
ii) brother and sister
iii) wife and husband
Answer:
ii) brother and sister

e) Which of the following is true with reference to the information given above? ( )
i) Surya has one daughter.
ii) Swapna and Veena are sisters.
iii) There are 13 members in the family.
Answer:
iii) There are 13 members in the family.

4. Study the following table given below. The table shows the average life span of some animals and birds.

Now answer the following questions.
a) Which animal has the highest life span?
Answer:
Turtle has the highest life span.

b) What is the average life span of human beings?
Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
Answer:
78 years

c) The creatures which have less than 10 years of life span are ( )
i) Dog and eagle
ii) Asian elephant and African elephant
iii) Humming bird and queen bee
Answer:
iii) Humming bird and queen bee

d) The life span of an eagle is …… years. ( )
i) 70
ii) 80
iii) 60
Answer:
iii) 60

e) Which of the following statement is true as per the data? ( )
i) Human beings have less than that of the African elephant.
ii) The life span of the eagle is higher than that of the Asian elephant.
iii) The only animal which has more than a hundred years of life span is the turtle.
Answer:
iii) The only animal which has more than a hundred years of life span is the turtle.

5. Read the following pie chart showing the percentage distribution of the expenditure incurred in publishing a book.

Now answer the following questions.
a) What does the above pie-chart show?
Answer:
The pie chart shows the percentage of distribution of the expenditure incurred in publishing a book.

b) Of all the expenditures of publishing a book which costs maximum?
Answer:
Of all the expenditures of publishing a book the cost of the paper is maximum.

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
c) Which two expenditures cost the same? ( )
i) Paper cost and royalty
ii) Royalty and Binding
iii) Printing cost and Binding
Answer:
iii) Printing cost and Binding

d) The printing cost is equal to the sum of the following two expenditures ( )
i) Binding and Royalty
ii) Transport and Royalty
iii) Transport and promotion costs
Answer:
iii) Transport and promotion costs

e) Which of the following statements is true according to the pie-chart? ( )
i) Paper cost is more than the sum of printing and transport costs.
ii) Printing cost is more than the paper cost.
iii) Expenditure on transport is equal to the expenditure of promotion.
Answer:
iii) Expenditure on transport is equal to the expenditure of promotion.

6. Study the table carefully.

Percentage of sales of fruits in India in 2015

Now, answer Hie following questions.
a) What does the table represent?
Answer:
Percentage of sales of fruits in India in 2015

b) Which fruit do Indians eat the most?
Answer:
Bananas

Choose the correct answer from the choices given.
c) Which fruit has the least demand? ( )
i) Apples
ii) Guavas
iii) Bananas
Answer:
ii) Guavas

d) What is the % of difference between the sales of guavas and bananas? ( )
i) 8%
ii) 20%
iii) 42%
Answer:
iii) 42%

e) Choose the correct statement from the following. ( )
i) Indians do not eat guavas.
ii) Apples are not available in India.
iii) The banana is the best selling fruit.
Answer:
iii) The banana is the best selling fruit.

Section – B: Creative Writing

1. In the lesson “The Town Mouse and The Country Mouse”
You have read the country mouse visited the town mouse. The country mouse could not spend his time happily in the town. He liked nothing in the town. He thought that there was ho peace in town life. He wanted to take leave of the town mouse.
Write the possible conversation between the village mouse and the town mouse. The conversation should have at least 5 exchanges.
Answer:
The Country Mouse: I’m very much thankful for your hospitality, my dear cousin. I want to take leave of you,
The Town Mouse: Why are you in hasty ? You’ve stayed here for only two days. I wont let you leave now. Stay here for a week.
The Country Mouse: My dear cousin. Thank you for your affection. But I have to go today itself.
The Town Mouse: What will you do by going there? Stay here some more time. Many worth seeing places are there in this town. I’ll show you them all if you stay some more days.
The Country Mouse: No. I can’t stay here for a minute at least.
The Town Mouse: Why can’t you stay here? Here you can have delicious, fruit juice, lemonade, air condition and so many comforts you can enjoy.
The Country Mouse: We are habituated to live with minimum needs. We can live with out all these comforts but we can not live without peace.
The Town Mouse: Only twice or thrice we have to run and hide for a day. The rest of time we can enjoy here.
The Country Mouse: Not only that, here you have a lot of noise and pollution. But in our village it is very calm. The environment is pure and fresh. We can be healthy here.
The Town Mouse: If it is so how can all the people live in the cities and towns? I have been living here since my birth. What happened to me?
The Country Mouse: It is because of this polluted atmosphere your health has been spoiled and you are advised to stay for some time in village. I cant stay here I’m going. Take care of you. Take care of your health.
The Town Mouse: Take care. Write a letter as soon as you reach village.

2. Imagine you were the town mouse.
Write a paragraph describing your feelings about your journey in the train.
Answer:
I had a lot of inconvenience in the train journey to Mouse Country. The train moved slowly. The day was bright and sunny and soon I began to feel hot in the train. The train was dreadful. It was an ordinary train. I felt terribly hot and thirsty. I wished there’was an air-conditioned coach. I felt very uncomfortable in the train.

3. You’ve read the lesson “The Country Mouse and The Town Mouse” and you have understood the sense of the lesson. People run after the city life. The glittering lights of the city, comforts of and opportunities of city life attract all the people to the city life. But there are so many things that make the city life impossible.
So write a letter to your friend describing him how the cities have become uninhabitable.
Answer:

Tenali.
22.4.20xx.

Dear Suneeth,

I’m doing very well here. I expect you are all fine and that you are also doing very well. What lesson is going for you in English. For us the first lesson ‘The Town Mouse and The Country Mouse’ has just been completed. There is a lot of message in that lesson. The lesson teachers us how the cities and cities have become uninhabitable (un-livable) these days. From the lesson we can understand that there is a lot of noisy and pollution in cities. Lakhs of vehicles and hundreds of factories emit out a lot of poisonous gases in towns and cities. Not only that the city life is not that much peaceful because of terroristic activities and other vulner-able conditions.

But unlike these uninhabitable conditions in the cities, villages are peaceful and calm. Though there are no comforts and luxuries in villages, there is a lot of peace and serenity in villages. In villages we can enjoy fresh and clean environment. People in villages are amiable, innocent and helpful. They are sympathetic with others. Hence I too feel that the villages are habitable in all respects.

I think the lesson has been completed for you. Write your feelings about the lesson. Please convey my regards to your parents and best wishes to your sister.

Yours lovingly,
xxxxxx

Address on the Envelope:
E. Vineeth.
H.No.: 1-27-30/1,
Kothapet,
Tenali,
Guntur (dt).

4. You are the Town Mouse. On your doctor’s advise you have gone to the village to spend some days there. But you have felt the life in village is very difficult. There are no comforts and conveniences in village what you enjoy in city life. You have to go out searching for food.
Write a diary entry about your feelings of your stay in the village.
Answer:
The village life – a horrible experience

22.4.20xx (Friday),
Dear Diary,

Last week the doctor advised me to spend a week in the country because I had been suffering from cough. So I went to my cousin’s village. My cousin is an innocent man with a genuine love. 1 boarded a train. There began my difficulties. There was no an air-conditioned coach in the train. 1 felt terribly hot and thirsty. My cousin received me at the station. I asked for some cool drink either lemonade or an orange juice. But he offered me some water or coconut water. I eat delicious food such as bread and jam; different kinds of fruits, chocolate and cheese. But in the village I was offered roots and sugarcane. We had to go into the fields in search of food. There are no vehicles in the village. Village is very quiet. There are no glittering lights in the village. The life there is very slow. People are .uncivilised. At night I was asked to lie on the hard cold ground. There was no any kind of entertainment in the village – no TVs and radios. In the country the life is horrible. I was unable to adjust with it. So I returned to the town. And I have decided not to visit the village again in my life.

5. In the poem The Town Child, you have read about the feelings of a boy who lives in a town. Imagine that you were a town child. Describe your feelings as expressed in the poem.
Use the following hints to describe your feelings:
Live in a town – crowded roads – heavy traffic – buses, motors and trams – wish to have meadows – houses in a row in town – smoke is seen everywhere – do not like noise – wish to have woods very near – love the sky and the castles of clouds.
Answer:
I live in a town. The roads of our town are very much crowded. There is a heavy traffic on the roads of our town. The roads are always busy with buses, motors and trams. I wish our town had beautiful meadows and lambs.
The houses in our town are in a row. In our town smoke is seen everywhere. 1 don’t like the noise. I wish we had woods very near to our town. Sky is the only place in our town which has plenty of room. I love the sky and the castles of clouds.

6. In the poem The Country Child’ you have read about the feelings of a boy who lives in a village. Imagine that you were a country child. Describe your feelings as expressed in the poem.
Use the following hints to describe your feelings:
Live in a country – quiet streets -few children to play with – feels lonely for hours – tall trees – useful only for birds and flowers – no trams or vehicles – no twinkling streets – wishes to have streets full of wonderful colours and bright lights.
Answer:
I live in a country. The streets in our countryside are very quiet. We have only very few children to play with. I feel lonely for being alone for hours. There are tall trees in our country. They are useful only for birds and flowers. There are no trams and vehicles in our village. There are no twinkling streets in our village. 1 wish my village had full of wonderful colours and bright lights.

7. In the lesson The Town Mouse and the Country Mouse’ there is a description of town life and country life. Your school is celebrating ‘World Environment Day’. You wish to give a speech about the greatness of village life.
You can use the following hints and write a script for the speech:
Village life – peaceful – pure air – water – green trees -fruits – crops – songs of birds – innocent people – no pollution – no disturbing sounds from factories – vehicles – loud speakers – well connected to outside world – low cost of living – good for health.
Answer:
Respected teachers and my dear friends,
Good morning to everyone. Today on the occasion of ‘World Environment Day’ I would like to speak about the greatness of village life.
Village life, is very peaceful. Air is pure. Water is pure and plenty in villages. There is no water scarcity. There are green trees everywhere. We can have different types of fruits. Differ¬ent types of crops are grown in villages. People are innocent. There is no pollution in villages. There are no disturbing sounds from factories, vehicles and loudspeakers. Villages are well connected to outside world. Cost of living in villages is very low. Village life is good for health. Thank you one and all for giving me this opportunity.

8. In the lesson The Town Mouse and Country Mouse’, you have read about the feelings of the country mouse when it visited the town. There were different food . items in the cupboard.
Write a description of the Country Mouse when it saw the food items in kitchen. Include the details of kitchen cupboard.
Use the following hints to describe the feelings.
Bread and jam, fruits, chocolate, piece of lovely cheese and others.
Answer:
The house of the town mouse at the back of a kitchen cupboard was full of most delicious food. Different kinds of food items in large amounts are there in his house. There was bread and jam; different kinds of fruits : slabs of chocolate and a huge piece of lovely cheese. The town mouse proudly offered all these items to the country mouse and asked him to eat as much as he wanted. The country mouse was surprised when he saw the food items in the kitchen. Someone opened the cupboard door. The town mouse and the country mouse had to run for safety. The country mouse got tired of running and hiding. He could eat nothing.

9. In the lesson The Town Mouse and the Country Mouse’, you have read about the feelings of the Town Mouse who lives in a town. He does not get his favourite food. It is very hot outside. He does not get even drinks like lemonade. Imagine that you were a town mouse. Describe your feelings as expressed in the context.
Use the following hints to describe your feelings: very hot – no lemonade- no orange juice – only coconut water – sugar cane and roots – wish to go back to town.
Answer:
My visit to Mouse Country is a horrible experience. It was very hot outside in the village. I could not get even drinks like lemonade or orange juice. My cousin offered me some water or coconut water. I eat delicious food such as bread and jam, different kinds of fruits, chocolate and cheese. But in the village I was offered roots and sugarcane. We had to go into the fields in search of food. Village life was very quiet. There were no vehicles in the village. There were no glittering lights. There was no any kind of entertainment in the village. So I returned to the town.

10. You must have read the lesson “The New Blue Dress” It is about how one can fascinate the people about the cleanliness and hygiene. Initiated by a school teacher the people of Gates Avenue got influenced and tried to improve hygiene in their locality. On seeing them ‘clean up’ campaigns were organised in whole city to make it clean.
In our country also our Prime Minister initiated the clean India (Swatchch Bharat) programme. You must have read about it. You must have also partici¬pated in Swatchch Bharat programmes organised by your school. Write a report on Swatchch Bharat that is organised in your school.
Answer:
Swatchch Bharat in Municipal Boy’s High School, Tenali
Tenali.
21.4.20xx.
Responding to the call of the our honourable Prime Minister Swatchch Bharat is organised . by the Municipal Boys High School, Tenali. The programme was started with a small meeting. The M.R.O of Tenali presided over the meeting. The local M.L.A and the R.D.O were the chief guests. The chief guests stressed the need of cleanliness in their speeches. They taught about the need to maintain basic hygiene and sanitation in schools, in their surroundings and in all over the city. Later all the students cleaned their classrooms, whole campus and cleaned their ‘ toilets and removed the filth from the school compound. Teachers, leaders and even the M.L.A, M.R.O, and R.D.O participated in cleaning programme. M.L.A made all the students and teachers swear to keep their surroundings of school always clean. A march was organised and it was led by the M.L.A. All the children gave slogans “Cleanliness is next to godliness”, “Health is wealth” and “Cleanliness brings dignity to people, and the country”’ The programme ended with all the children forming a human chain at Sivaji Chowk. The programme ended with the singing of the national anthem Jana Gana Mana”.

11. You are going to celebrate your birthday next Saturday You want to celebrate it in grandscale at your house. 1-7-2/A; Malladivari Street; Nazer pet, Tenali.
Write a letter to your friend inviting him to the celebration.
Answer:

Tenali.
25. 4. 20xx.

Hello Prasanna,
I think this letter finds all of you in best of health and spirits. Ail of us are doing fine here. It has been a very long time since we met or write to each other. So I thought of penning down a few lines to check things with you. In addition to that I would like to invite you for my birthday celebrations.
I am going to celebrate my 12th birthday on the Friday next. I want to celebrate it in grandscale inviting all the friends and relatives. My parents planned to celebrate it at my home itself. I shall be very pleased if you attend my birthday party along with your parents and your little brother, Chintu. On the pretext of my birthday we can meet each other and enjoy ourselves of the functions.
Convey my regards to your parents and my wishes to your brother.

Yours lovingly,
xxxxxx

Address on the Envelope :
To
M. Kiran,
S/O. RS.R. Anjaneyulu,
1-27-30/1,
Near Balaji Temple,
Kothapet,
Vijayawada.

3. ‘Ammaku Vandanam’ programme was recently celebrated in your school. All the mothers of the school students were invited to the school. Your village Sarpanch also attended the programme. Mothers were felicitated by the students. The students honoured their mothers with flowers, garlands and shawls. They took selfies and group photos with their mothers and friends. All the teachers participated in the programme. The whole programme was very colourful.
Now, write a letter to your friend describing the programme ‘Ammaku Vandanam’ programme celebrated in your school.
Answer:

Tenali.
12-3-xx.

Dear friend,
We are all fine here. 1 hope the same with yop. I am doing very well here. I hope you are , also doing well there. In this letter I would like to describe you about ‘Ammaku Vandanam” programme celebreated in our school.
Last Friday ‘Ammaku Vandanam’ programme was celebrated in our school. All the mothers of the school students were invited to the school. Our village Sarpanch also attended the programme. Mothers were felicitated by the students. The students honoured their mothers by offering flowers, garlands and shawls. We took selfies and group photos with our mothers and friends. All the teachers participated in the programme. The whole programme was very colourful. We were all very happy for participating in the programme. With this programme we were able to thank our mothers by worshipping them.
Convey my regards to your parents and my wishes to your little sister. In your next letter describe how Ammaku Vandanam was celebrated in your school.

Yours lovingly,
xxxx

Addres on the Envelope:
To
xxxxxxx
S/o Rama Rao, K.
H.No: 7-95/A,
Church Street,
Ambedkar Nagar,
Vemuru.
Guntur (Dist).

Write a story using the following hints.
a) A crow – lives on a tree – felt like drinking water – found a pot – went to the pot – level of water low – crow not able to reach – crow picked small stones – dropped one by one – slowly – the level came up – the crow drank water.
Answer:
It was a very hot day. The sun was shining hot. A crow who lived on a tree was thirsty. It searched for water here and there. But it could not find water anywhere. She found a pot under a tree. There was very little water in it. Its beak could not reach the water. It found some small stones nearby. The crow brought them and dropped them into the pot one by one. The water level raised slowly. It drank water to its full and flew away.

b) A Farmer – lives in a village – happy – with wife and a little child – domesticates a mangoose – faithful – boy – plays with it – farmer’s wife – goes to fetch water – asks mangoose to take care – boy falls asleep – a snake enters – creeps towards the boy – mangoose – springs on the snake – kills it – mother – comes back – understands – what has happened – very happy – pats the mangoose thankfully.
Answer:
Once there lived a farmer in a village. He lived happily with his wife and a little child. He domesticated a mangoose. It was a very faithful animal. The little boy used to play with the mangoose.
One day the farmer’s wife went away to fetch water. The boy was playing with the mangoose. Mother asked the mangoose to take care of the boy. After a while the boy fell asleep. The mangoose was watching the boy. Then a snake entered the house. It was creeping towards the little boy. At once the mangoose sprang on the snake and killed it. Mother came back after a while. She understood what had happened. She was very happy because the mangoose , saved the boy from the danger. She patted the mangoose thankfully.

c) Two boys – go to the zoo – watch the animals – enjoy themselves – delighted – the playing monkeys – frighten – the tiger roar – huge elephant – feel thirsty – drink water – steps forward
– boys – mischievous – tease elephant – drink to its full – zoo keeper – brings water – elephant drinks – blows water – teasing boys – become wet and cry – not to tease or harm.
Answer:
Two boys went to the zc|p on a Sunday. They enjoyed themselves by watching all the animals at a place. They were very much delighted to see the playing monkeys. They were a little frightened when the tiger roared in the cage. Then they saw the huge elephant. They felt thirsty and began to drink water. The elephant stepped forward as if it too wanted to drink water. They turned to be mischievous and teased the elephant. The zoo keeper brought some water in a. bucket. The elephant drank to its full. At once the elephant blew out water on the teasing boys. They became wet and they began to cry.
So we should not tease or harm the animals for fun.

d) Once – a hunter – good at hunting – places net – catch birds – doves caught in the net – every dove – tries to free – in vain – crow sees – crow – a symbol of unity – crow – flies down – advises – to make a united effort – fly away – carry the net with them.
Answer:
Once there was a hunter. He was good at hunting birds. One day as usual, he placed a net for catching birds. After some time a group of doves were caught in the net. Every dove tried to free himself but in vain. A crow saw this. Crow was a symbol of unity. Unlike the dogs, the crows are always united. The crow then flew-down to the doves and advised them to make a united effort and fly away. They flew away carrying the net with him.
Moral: Unity is strength.

5. Look at the following details and write a biographical sketch of M.S. Dhoni.
Name: Mahendra Sìngh Dhoni.
Birth on: 7th July 1981, Ranchi, Bihar.
Education: DAV, Jawthar Vìdya Mandir.
Other Interests: Football and badminton.
Achievements: ICC, ODI Player of the Year award in 2008 and 2009; Rajiv Gandhi Khel Rama Award: Padma Sri -2009; Padma Bhushan -2018.
Answer:
Mahendra Singh Dhoni is the famous Indian cricketer. He was born on 7th July 1981 at Ranchi, Bihar. He had his education in DAV, Jawahar Vidya Mandir. His other interests are football and badminton. There are so many achievements on his name. He was declared ODI Player of the Year award in 2008 and 2009 by ICC. He was given Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award. He was honoured with Padma Sri in 2009 and Padma Bhushan in 2018.

Vocabulary

Read the following paragraph and write the synonyms of the underlined words choosing the words from the words given in the box.

1. celebration, village, lovingly, sick, a day of rest, friendly

Dear cousin,
I have been ill (a) with a cough and my doctor feels I need a holiday (b). He has asked me to spend a week in the countryside (c). May I stay with you? Please give me an early reply.
With warm regards,

Yours affectionately (d)
Town Mouse

Answer:
a) sick
b) a day of rest
c) village
d) lovingly

2. very badly, terrible, protested, moved, moaned, drank

However there was something he could do about it. So, he grumbled (a) to himself while the train chugged (b) slowly into the country. The country mouse was waiting at the station. “Oh, cousin”, the town mouse said as soon as he got off the train.” The train was dreadful (c), I feel terribly (d) hot and thirsty. I hope you have something ice-cold for me to drink at home”
Answer:
a) protested
b) moved
c) terrible
d) very badly

3. uncooked, soft, fear, surprised, young, worried

“Coconut water ?” asked the town mouse in horror, (a) “Don’t you have any orange juice or lemonade ?”
“I’m afraid not”, replied his cousin. “But I found a very nice piece of root today and a tender (b) bit of sugar-cane. I’m sure you will enjoy that.”
“Root ? Sugar-cane ? ” the town mouse exclaimed (c).
“But I don’t eat raw (d) food like that.”
Answer:
a) fear
b) soft
c) surprised
d) uncooked

4. almirah, fresh, tasty, safe, a lot of, pain

But the country mouse did not like it at all. “That the noise has made my head ache. (a)”he said. “Could I have some water to drink?” “Why only water?” said the town mouse. “Look at what there is for you – ice cold lemonade, orange juice … which one do you want?”
“Just some water,” answered the country mouse. “Some water and a little bit of food.”
“I have plenty (b) of food, cousin,” said the town mouse proudly. “You can eat as much as you like.”
Sure enough, the house of the town mouse at the back of a kitchen cupboard (c) was full of most delicious (d) food.
Answer:
a) pain
b) a lot of
c) almirah
d) tasty

5. beautiful, quiet, completely, enjoyable, very big, happy

There was bread and jam, different kinds of fruits, slabs of chocolate and a huge (a) piece of lovely (b) cheese.
“Eat, cousin, eat,” said the town mouse. But just then, there was a sound like a thunder and the town mouse shouted. “Run, cousin, run, run.”
The town mouse pushed the country mouse out through a hole in the back of the cupboard. The country mouse felt his heart beating very fast, “But what is it?” he asked.
“Sssh….” whispered the town mouse. “Wait”.
When everything was silent (c) again, the town mouse crept out of the hole. He was quite (d) cheerful (e) again.
Answer:
a) very big
b) enjoyable
c) quiet
d) completely
e) happy

6. a twisted piece of metal; unattractive ; a street; beautiful, impure ; the season between winter and summer

When spring (a) came to the city of Cleveland in 1909, it did not change Gates Avenue (b). People who lived on the pretty (c) streets near Gates Avenue were making gardens and painting their houses. But Gates Avenue continued to look dirty and ugly (d).
Answer:
a) the season between winter and summer
b) street
c) beautiful
d) unattractive

7. worried ; dirty ; clean ; bad; sad; mannerly

Her teacher was very unhappy, (a) The little girl was so nice! (b) She always worked hard in school; she was always friendly and polite (c). Her face was dirty and her hair was untidy (d), but anyone could see that she was pretty under the dirt.
Answer:
a) sad
b)good
c) mannerly
d) dirty

8. surprised, worried; thrill, neat and clean, shy, sad

The next morning she came to school in the new blue dress, and she was very clean and tidy (a). She told her teacher, “My mother couldn’t believe her eyes when she saw me this morning in my new dress. My father wasn’t at home, but he’ll see me at supper tonight.” She was full of excitement (b).
When her father saw her in her new blue dress, he was amazed (c) to find that he had a very pretty little girl. When the family ate supper, he was even more amazed to see a cloth on the kitchen table, The family had never used a table cloth before. “We’re going to begin to be tidier here,” his wife said. “I’m ashamed (d) to be dirty when our daughter is so clean.”
Answer:
a) neat and clean
b) thrill
c) surprised
d)shy

9. have the right to ; drive ; respectable ; establish ; movement; needed

“People who are trying so hard to make decent (a) homes here deserve (b) help,” the minister thought. He asked some important citizens in the city to help them.
When people in other citizens heard the story of Gates Avenue, they began to organise (c) their own clean up campaigns (d).
Answer:
a) respectable
b) have the right to
c) established
d) drive

Read the following paragraph and write the antonyms of the underlined words.

1. I have been ill (a) with a cough and my doctor feels I need a holiday, (b) He has asked me to spend a week in the countryside (c). May I stay with you ? Please give me an early (d) reply.
Answer:
a) well
b) working day
c) city
d) late

2. Receiving the invitation from the country mouse, the town mouse packed his bags and caught the next train to the countryside. The day was bright (a) and sunny and soon the town mouse began (b) to feel hot (c) in the train.
“I wish there was an air-conditioned coach,” he said to himself. “I feel very uncomfortable (d) here”.
Answer:
a) dull
b) finished
c) cold
d) comfortable

3. “Coconut water?” asked the town mouse in horror, (a) “Don’t you have any orange juice or lemonade?”
“I am afraid not,” replied his cousin. “But I found a very nice (b) piece of root today and a tender (c) bit of sugar-cane. I’m sure you will enjoy (d) that.”
Answer:
a) pleasure
b) bad
c) tough
d) hate

4. “As the town mouse lay down on the hard (a), cold (b) ground, he suddenly (c) thought of something. “Cousin,” he called out.
“Yes, what is it?” the country mouse asked.
“Why is it so quiet (d) here? Where are all the cars and lorries? Where are the radios and the televisions? Where are all the lights?”
Answer:
a) soft
b) hot
c) gradually
d) noisy

5. “Oh! Is it? The country is a strange (a) place,” said the town mouse. But he said to himself, “I don’t think I like (b) this place.”
Next (c) morning, the town mouse found that there was no breakfast ready. His cousin told him that they had to go to the nearby (d) farm to search for food.
Answer:
a) familiar
b) dislike
c) previous
d) far away

6. I hope (a) you are well. I am worried about you. I would like to visit you and make sure (b) you are alright (c) with love (d).
Answer:
a) despair
b) doubtful
c) sick
d) hatred

7. A few days later, the country mouse arrived (a) in the town. He was surprised (b) by the noise (c) and the lights.
“Why are there lights even in the middle of the night?” he asked.
“This is the town,” his cousin replied. “Here, there are lights even in the middle of the day.”
“And what is this dreadful (d) noise that never stops?” asked the country mouse.
Answer:
a) departed
b) unsurprised
c) silence
d) pleasant

8. “I have plenty (a) of food, cousin,” said the town mouse proudly, (b) “You can eat as much as you like.”
Sure enough, the house of the town mouse at the back of a kitchen cupboard was full of most delicious (c) food.
There was bread and jam, different kinds of fruits, slabs of chocolate and a huge (d) piece of lovely cheese.
Answer:
a) scarcity
b) modestly
c) distasteful
d) tiny

9. When everything was silent (a) again, the town mouse crept out of the hole. He was quite cheerful (b) again.
“Come out now, cousin,” he said. “That was only somebody opening (c) the cupboard door. We are safe (d) now.”
Answer:
a) noisy
b) gloomy
c) closing
d) unsafe

Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given in brackets.

1. ——– (Receive/Receiving) (a) the invitation from the country mouse, the town mouse packed his bags and caught the next train to the ——– (countryside/country) (b). The day was bright and ——– (sun/sunny) (c) and soon the town mouse began to feel ——– (hot/ heat) (d) in the train.
Answer:
a) Receiving
b) countryside
c) sunny
d) hot

2. However, there was nothing he could do about it so, he grumbled to himself while the train chugged ——– (slowly/slow) (a) into the country. The country mouse was waiting at the station.
“Oh, cousin”, the town mouse said as soon as he got off the train. ‘The train was ——– (dread/dreadful) (b), I feel ——– (terrible/terribly) (c) hot and thirsty. I hope you have something ice-cold for me to ——– (drinking/drink) (d) at home.
Answer:
a) slowly
b) dreadful
c) terribly
d) drink

3. The town mouse pushed the country mouse out through a hole in the back of the cupboard. The country mouse felt his heart ——– (beat/beating) (a) very fast. “But what is it?” he asked.
“Sssh ” whispered the town mouse, “wait”.
When everything was ——– (silently/silent) (b) again, the twon mouse crept out of the hole. He was quite ——– (cheerful/cheer) (c) again.
“Come out now, cousin” he said,” That was only some body ——– (open/opening) (d) the cup board door. We are safe now.
Answer:
a) beating
b) silent
c) cheerful
d) opening

4. But they were not safe for very long. Twice more, they had to ——– (running/run) (a) for ——– (safety/safe) (b) when somebody opened the cupboard door.
The country mouse was ——– (tire/tired) (c) of running and ——– (hide/hiding) (d).
Answer:
a) run
b) safety
c) tired
d) hiding

5. When people in other places heard the story of Gates Avenue, they began to ——– (organization/organize) (a) their own ——– (cleanly/clean) (b) up campaigns. Since 1913, more than seven thousand towns and cities have organised campaigns for ——– (paint/painting) (c) and repairing homes and making better lives for the people who ——– (live/lived) (d) in them.
Answer:
a) organise
b) clean
c) painting
d) live

6. The town mouse pushed the country mouse out through a ——– (whole / hole) (a) in the back of the cupboard. The country mouse felt his heart beating very fast. “But what is it?” he asked “Sssh ….” whispered the town mouse.” ——– (Weight/Wait) (b).
Answer:
a) hole
b) Wait

Complete the following words using ai, ae, ea, ee, ei, ie,io, oi, oo, ou, ui.

1. The town (a) m _ _ se and the country mouse were (b) c _ _ sins.
2. (a) Pl _ _ se give me an (b) _ _ rly reply.
3. The day was bright and sunny and (a) s _ _ n the town mouse began to feel hot in the (b) tr _ _ n.
4. “I wish there was an (a) air-condit _ _ ned (b) c _ _ ch.” I (c) f _ _ l very uncomfortable here.
5. “I (a) f _ _ nd a very nice piece of (b) r _ _ t today.”
6. “(a) R _ _ t ? Sugarcane ?” the town mouse (b) excl _ _ med.
7. The country mouse was (a) w _ _ ting at the (b) stat _ _ n.
8. “I don’t (a) _ _ t raw (b) f _ _ d like that.”
9. “Do I have to (a) sl _ _ p on the gr _ _ nd ?”
10. “Why is it so (a) q _ _ et here ? Where are all the cars and (b) lorr _ _ s ?”
11. “Where are the (a) rad _ _ s and the (b) televis _ _ ns ?”
12. His cousin told him that they had to go to the (a) n _ _ rby farm to (b) s _ _ rch for food.
13. “And what is this (a) dr _ _ dful (b) n _ _ se that never stops ?”
14. The town mouse (a) rec _ _ ved the letter and (b) r _ _ d it.
15. He was (a) q _ _ te (b) ch _ _ rful again.
16. They had to run for safety when somebody opened the (a) cupb_ _ rd (b) d _ _ r.
Answer:
1. a) mouse b) cousins
2. a) please b) early
3. a) soon b) train
4. a) air-conditioned b)coach c) feel
5. a) found b) root
6. a) Root b) exclaimed
7. a) waiting b) station
8. a) eat b) food
9. a) sleep b) ground
10. a) quiet b) lorries
11. a) radios b) televisions
12. a) nearby b) search
13. a) dread ful b) noise
14. a) received b) read
15. a) quite b) cheerful
16. a) cupboard b) door

b) Complete the words with the correct suffixes given in brackets.

1. (a) Receiv ——–(eing/ing) the (b) invita ——– (tion/ssion) from the country mouse, the town mouse left for the countryside.
2. (a) I feel very uncomfort ——– (ible/able) here.
(b) Sometimes it is quiet ——– (er/or) than today.
3. “The train was (a) dread ——– (full/ful), I feel terribly hot and (b) thirst ——– (y/ty).”
4. “I have (a) sudden ——– (ly/lly) remembered that I have (b) forgo ——– (ten/tten) something.
5. (a) He sent a tele ——– (grame/gram) to the country mouse.
(b) “I have plenty of food, cousin,” said the town mouse proud ——– (ley/ly).”
6. (a) There was bread and jam, differ ——– (ent/ant) kinds of fruits, etc.
(b) The country mouse felt his heart beat ——– (ting/ing) very fast.
7. (a) He was quite cheer ——– (full/ful) again.
(b)They had to run for safe ——– (ty/ly).
Answer:
1. a) Receiving b) invitation
2. a) uncomfortable b) quieter
3. a) dreadful b) thirsty
4. a) suddenly b) forgotten
5. a) telegram b) proudly
6. a) different b) beating
7. a) cheerful b) safety

c) Find the wrongly spelt word and write the correct spelling.

a) i) countriside; cousin; cupboard; affectionate
ii) recieve; believe; invitation; peace
b) i) condition; permition; invitation; passion
ii) dreadfull; houseful; full; goodwill
c) i) surpraise; suddenly; aeroplane; whispered,
ii) lemonade ; thunder; answer; delicous
d) i) traffic; country; cusin; mouse
ii) cheerfull; mouthful; plateful; beautiful
e) i) noice; voice ; piece ; peace
ii) vigit; vigil; rigid ; begin
iii) lemonade; gremble; traffic; receive
Answer:
a) i) countryside
ii) receive
b) i) permission
ii) dreadful
c) i) surprise
ii) delicious
d) i) cousin
ii) cheerful
e) i) noise
ii) visit
iii) grumble

I. Put the following words under correct headings.

A.

Answer:

B.

Answer:

C.

Answer:

D.

Answer:

E.

Answer:

F.

Answer:

II. Choose one word from each set, in any order, to make any two compound nouns.
One is done for you.

Set – A                                         Set – B
(birth, sea, dragon, worm) (fly, day, earth, gull) Ex: birthday
Choose one word from each set to make compound noun.
Answer:
1. birthday 2. seagull 3. dragonfly 4. earthworm

I. Write meaningful sentences using the words given below.

a) i) often:
ii) need:
b) i) early:
ii) soon:
c) i) wish:
ii) however:
d) i) terribly:
ii) nearby:
e) i) later:
ii) plenty:
f) i) lovely:
ii) quite:
g) i) much:
ii) each other:
h) i) probably:
ii) still:
Answer:
a) i) He often goes to pictures.
ii) You need not come to school tomorrow.
b) i) He is in his early twenties.
ii) We’ll be home very soon.
c) i) I wish I had a car.
ii) However you look at it it’s going to cost a lot.
d) i) I was terribly upset when I heard that news.
ii) My uncle works in a nearby town.
e) i) See you later.
ii) I have a plenty of cheese. Do you want to have some?
f) i) She has a lovely voice.
ii) He plays quite well.
g) i) I don’t have much money with me.
ii) They looked each other and laughed.
h) i) Probably you are right.
ii) Do you still live at the same address?

II. Write the other forms of the following adjectives.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate phrases.

(crushed to death, nest of, homes of, swarm of, herd of)
Long time ago there lived a ——– (i) mice under a tree peacefully. One day a ——– (ii) of elephants in search of water came that way and destroyed the ——– (iii) of the rats and many of them were ——– (iv).
Answer:
i) nest of
ii) herd
iii) homes
iv) crushed to death

Grammar

Edit the following passage correcting the underlined parts.

1. Speech is a great blessing, and (a) it can also be an (b) great – curse, for it helped (c) us to make our intentions and desires knowing (d) to our friends.
2. Once upon a time there lived a king in central India. He is (a) handsome and (b) very vain. He looked after (c) himself constantly in mirrors, in pools of water even in other people’s eyes when they spoke to him.
“I am the handsomest (d) king on earth” he said to his courtiers.
3. The green cells of leaves are wonderful little laboratories, there (a) all the starch in the world is produced. Since starch forms a (b) important part of the food of men and animals, their life depend (c) on the work done by the green cells of plants. Thus trees are such great friends to (d) man.
4. Deforestation in a (a) Himalayas have become (b) major ecological problem. Its results are felt not only in the hill regions and (c) hundreds of miles downstream in the Ganges plain, who (d) feeds and waters about one – third of India’s 840 million people.
5. Fourteen hundred years ago, a great traveller of (a) China has come (b) to India in search of wisdom or (c) knowledge. He spent many years in India. Huen Tsang was given the title “Master of Law” of a (d) Buddha.
6. Sardar Vallabhai Patel know (a) as “An (b) Iron Man of India”. He was, no doubt, the (c) iron man in the sense that one could rely for (d) him for strict and efficient administration.
Answer:
1. a) but
b) a
c) helps
d) known

2. a) was
b) but
c) at
d) most handsome

3. a) where
b) an
c) depends
d) of

4. a) the
b) has become
c) but
d) which

5. a) from
b) came
c) and
d) the

6. a) is known
b) The
c) an
d) on

Grammar

Complete the passage choosing the right words from those given below. Each blank in numbered and for each blank four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) in the blanks.

1. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam ——– (1) born in ——– (2) middle-class Tamil family in the island town ——– (3) Rameswaram. He was a short boy with rather ordinary looks ——– (4) his parents were tall and handsome. His father was neither highly educated nor very rich.
1. A) is         B) was             C) being           D) were
2. A) one     B) the              C) a                  D) an
3. A) of        B) near            C) by                D) off
4. A) and     B) if                 C) though        D) but
Answer:
1 – B
2 – C
3 – A
4 – D

2. Ramesh ——– (1) Mohan went ——– (2) the cinema on Saturday ——– (3) was a long queue. It was a cold evening and they ——– (4) to stand in the queue for nearly an hour.
1. A) or         B) and         C) but        D) so
2. A) to         B) for           C) by         D) into
3. A) Their    B) There       C) They     D) The
4. A) have     B) had         C) has        D) will Nave
Answer:
1 – B
2 – A
3 – B
4 – B

3. Lai Bahadur Shastri ——– (1) born on 2nd October, 1904 ——– (2) Mogul Sarai ——– (3) Varanasi. His father was ——– (4) ordinary teacher and died when he was below two years of age.
1. A) is         B) was           C) are       D) were
2. A) at        B) in              C) from     D) on
3. A) of        B) from         C) in          D) at
4. A) the      B) an             C) a           D) one
Answer:
1 – B
2 – A
3 – C
4 – B

4. One day a Brahmin was walking ——– (1) a forest ——– (2) suddenly he ——– (3) someone crying out for help. He ——– (4) in the direction of the sound and came upon a well that was dried up.
1. A) by          B) through          C) in           D) from
2. A) or           B) through          C) when     D) but
3. A) heard     B) hear                C) hears     D) hearing
4. A) go          B) went               C) goes      D) going
Answer:
1 – B
2 – C
3 – A
4 – B

5. There ——– (1) two very long rivers in the United States of America. They are the Missouri ——– (2) is roughly 3,000 kms. long, and the Mississippi, which is ——– (3) 2,500 kms long. Along the way the Missouri ——–(4) the Mississippi and the two then flow together as one river.
1. A) is             B) are        C) was        D) were
2. A) which      B) who      C) that        D) what
3. A) nearly      B) about   C) above     D) over
4. A) joined      B) join      C) joins       D) joining
Answer:
1 – B
2 – A
3 – B
4 – C

A. Write the other forms of the following verbs.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

B. Choose the right answers.

Read the following sentences and say what they mean. Choose the right answer from the choices given.

1. May I come in, Sir? ( )
(a) giving permission
(b) taking permission
(c) expressing possibility
Answer:
(b) taking permission

2. It may rain today. ( )
a) Expressing possibility
b) Making an offer
c) Giving permission
Answer:
a) Expressing possibility

3. Sindhu may come to India next month. ( )
(a) giving permission
(b) taking permission
(c) expressing possibility
Answer:
(c) expressing possibility

4. You may use my cell phone if you need. ( )
(a) giving permission
(b) taking permission
(c) expressing possibility
Answer:
(a) giving permission

5. Can I take leave of you? ( )
(a) taking permission in a formal way
(b) taking permission in an informal way
(c) expressing possibility
Answer:
(b) taking permission in an informal way

6. The dog may attack you if you run. ( )
(a) giving permission
(b) taking permission
(c) expressing possibility
Answer:
(c) expressing possibility

7. You may use my camera if you need, ( )
a) taking permission
b) giving permission
c) expressing possibility
Answer:
b) giving permission

8. It may rain this evening. ( )
a) asking for help
b) expressing inability
c) expressing possibility
Answer:
c) expressing possibility

9. May I leave the class now? ( )
a) taking permission in a formal way
b) taking permission in an informal way
c) expressing ability
Answer:
a) taking permission in a formal way

10. Tomorrow may be a holiday on account of heavy rains. ( )
a) giving permission
b) taking permission
c) expressing possibility
Answer:
c) expressing possibility

11. Sheela can speak Tamil. ( )
a) taking permission in a formal way
b) taking permission in an informal way
c) expressing ability
Answer:
c) expressing ability

2) i) Rewrite the following sentences as directed.

1. The boy seems to cry if you do not buy an ice-cream for him. (Express this using ‘may’.)
2. You can use my camera if you need. (Give permission using ‘may’.)
3. He seems to be a nice man. (Express this possibility using‘may’.)
4. You want to leave the class now. (Take permission using ‘may’.)
5. Raju wants to use your water bottle. (Give permission using‘may’.)
Answer:
1. The boy may cry if you do not buy an ice cream.
2. You may use my camera.
3. He may be a nice man.
4. May I leave the class now ?
5. Raju may use your water bottle.

ii) Read the following sentences. Rewrite them in a sentence using ‘may’.
6. You can use my pen if needed.
7. Somu will come to India next month.
Answer:
6. You may use my pen.
7. Somu may come to India next month.

C. Fill in the blanks with a, an or the.

Exercise – 1

1. Do you take ——– sugar in ——–, coffee?
1) a, none
2) an, the
3) the, a
4) none

2. He had ——– alibi.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

3. You will get ——– shock if you touch the wire.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

4. He is ——– vegetarian. You won’t get ——– meat at his house.
1) a, an
2) an, the
3) a, none
4) the, none

5. I have ——– hour and ——– half for lunch.
1) a, an
2) an, the
3) the, none
4) an, a

6. ——– Nile is a long river.
1) A
2) An
3) The
4) None

7. He has been suffering for ——– last two days.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

8. We must attend up on ——– sick.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

9. ——– knowledge of Macaulay is good.
1) A
2) An
3) The
4) None

10. ——– writing of that man is good.
1) A
2) An
3) The
4) None
Answers:
1) 1
2) 2
3) 1
4) 3
5) 4
6) 3
7) 3
8) 3
9) 3
10) 3

Exercise – 2

1. ——– man is ——– reasoning animal.
1) A, an
2) An, the
3) The, none
4) None, a

2. I have ——– little money left.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

3. I will pay you ——– hundred in ——– week.
1) a, a
2) an, the
3) the, the
4) the, a

4. I had ——– amazing experience last night.
l)a
2) an
3) the
4) none

5. You mean you had ——– nightmare.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

6. This is ——– only medicine available.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

7. He called me from ——– distance.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

8. I am in ——– hurry.
l) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

9. He goes for ——– walk.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

10. They went to ——– church to see its architecture
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none
Answers:
1) 4
2) 1
3) 1
4) 2
5) 1
6) 3
7) 1
8) 1
9) 1
10) 3

Exercise – 3

1. I see your house is built of ——– wood.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

2. I want ——– assistant with ——–knowledge of French.
1) a, an
2) an, the
3) a, the
4) an, none

3. It is time you had ——– holiday. You haven’t had ——– day off for ——– month.
1) a, a, a
2) an, an, an
3) the, a, an
4) the, the, the

4. He broke ——– leg in skying accident.
1) a, the
2) an, the
3) the,a
4) none

5. I am having ——– few friends.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

6. Many ——– fool thinks he is wise.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

7. My brother is ——– engineer.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

8. He came by ——– train which was derailed.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

9. ——– gold chain is mine.
1) A
2) An
3) The
4) None

10. Like many women she loves ——– tea parties and ——–.
1) a, an
2) an, the
3) the, a
4) none, none
Answers:
1) 4
2) 2
3) 1
4) 1
5) 1
6) 1
7) 2
8) 3
9) 3
10) 4

Exercise – 4

1. Few people know that there is ——– secret.
1) A, an
2) An, the
3) A, a
4) The, the

2. ——– Mr. John called while you were out.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

3. I have ——– headache and ——– sore throat.
1) a, a
2) an, a
3) the, a
4) none, a

4. I hope you have ——– lovely time.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

5. I only have ——– half ——– hour barley.
1) a, an
2) an, none
3) a, none
4) none, an

6. There was ——– knock on ——– door.
1) a, a
2) an, the
3) a, the
4) the, a

7. He was ——– employee of ——– gas company.
1) a, an
2) an, the
3) the, an
4) none

8. I had ——– suspicion that he wasn’t speaking.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

9. There was ——– leak in ——– gas pipe.
1) a, the
2) an, the
3) the, a
4) none

10. I said in ——– surprise.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none
Answers:
1) 3
2) 1
3) 1
4) 1
5) 1
6) 3
7) 2
8) 1
9) 1
10) 1

Exercise – 5

1. Then you are not ——– worker, you are ——– capitalist.
1) a, a
2) an, a
3) the, a
4) a, the

2. Let us ask him for ——– advice.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

3. ——– travel agent would give you ——– Information.
1) A, none
2) An, none
3) The, none
4) None, a

4. I can write ——– cheque for fifty five ——– and ——– half pence.
1) a, none, a
2) an, none, an
3) a, none, the
4) none, a, a

5. Her eldest bro is at ——– college.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

6. I can’t remember ——– date of ——– storm.
1) a, a
2) an, an
3) the, the
4) a, the

7. ——– apples are sold by ——– pound.
1) A, none
2) An, a
3) A, an
4) None, a

8. It is quite ——– nice house.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

9. We are going to tea with ——– Smiths today.
1) a, none
2) none, the
3) the, none
4) an, none

10. He got ——– job in ——– south.
1) a, the
2) an, the
3) the, a
4)none
Answers:
1) 1
2) 4
3) 3
4) 1
5) 1
6) 3
7) 4
8) 1
9) 2
10) 1

Exercise – 6

1. ——– book you want is out of print.
1) A
2) An
3) The
4) None

2. At last ——– warrior in him was aroused.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

3. This is ——– best book.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

4. He was ——– first man to arrive.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

5. He can play ——– flute.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

6. I first met him ——– year ago.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

7. Yesterday ——– European called at my office.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

8. The guide knows ——– way.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

9. Ceylon is ——– island.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

10. Let us discuss ——– matter.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none
Answers:
1) 3
2) 3
3) 3
4) 3
5) 3
6) 1
7) 1
8) 3
9) 2
10) 3

Exercise – 7

1. ——– poor are always with us.
1) A
2) An
3) The
4) None

2. ——– more merrier.
1) The, a
2) A, the
3) The, the
4) None, the

3. Twelve inches make ——– foot.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

4. Not ——– word was said.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

5 ——– word to wise is sufficient.
1) A, the
2) The, a
3) A, a
4) The, the

6. Sanskrit is ——– difficult language.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

7. You are ——– fool to say that.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

8. ——– French defeated ——– Germans .
1) A, a
2) An, a
3) The, the
4) None, none

9. Which is ——– longest river in India?
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

10. He has come without ——– umbrella.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none
Answers:
1) 3
2) 3
3) 1
4) 1
5) 1
6) 1
7) 1
8) 3
9) 3
10) 2

Exercise – 8

1. ——– more they get more they want.
1) A, a
2) The, the
3) A, the
4) The, a

2. ——– bird in hand is worth two in ——– bush.
1) A, the
2) The, a
3) A, a
4) The, the

3. ——– pupil should obey his teacher.
1) A
2) An
3) The
4) None

4. ——– gold is precious ——– metal.
1) None, none
2) None, the
3) None, a
4) A, none

5. ——– wisdom is the gift of Heaven.
1) A
2) An
3) The
4) None

6. Mumbai is ——– very dear place.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

7. She is ——– untidy girl.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

8. The children found ——– egg.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

9. I bought ——– horse, ——– ox and ——– buffalo.
1) a, an, a
2) the, the, the
3) a, the, a
4) the, a, the

10. If you see him, give him ——– message.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none
Answers:
1) 2
2) 1
3) 1
4) 3
5) 4
6) 1
7) 2
8) 3
9) 1
10) 1

Exercise – 9

1. My uncle is still in ——– hospital.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

2. I met him at ——– church.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

3. ——– copper is ——– useful metal.
1) A, the
2) An, a
3) The, a
4) None, a

4. He is not ——– honourable man.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

5. Honest men speak ——– truth.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

6. Man, thou art ——– wonderful animal.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

7. He looks as stupid as ——– owl.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

8. He is ——– honour to his profession.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

9. I like to live in ——– open air.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

10. Have you ever seen ——– elephant?
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none
Answers:
1) 3
2) 1
3) 4
4) 2
5) 4
6) 1
7) 2
8) 2
9) 3
10) 2

Exercise – 10

1. Benares is ——– holy city.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

2. Aladdin had ——– wonderful lamp.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

3. The world is ——– happy place.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

4. He returned after ——– hour.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

5. Rustum is ——– young Parsee.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

6. Draw ——– map of India.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

7. How blue ——– sky looks?
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

8. Who wishes to take ——– walk with me?
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

9. They never fall who die in ——– great cause.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none

10. I have not seen him since he was ——– child.
1) a
2) an
3) the
4) none
Answers:
1) 1
2) 1
3) 1
4) 2
5) 1
6) 3
7) 3
8) 1
9) 1
10) 1

D. Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of the verbs given in the brackets.

1) The manager ——– (ask) the employee, why he ——– (be) late.
2) When she ——– (cook) she ——– (hear) someone knock on the door.
3) Many ——– (decide) that she ——–(go) to the shop the next day.
4) If it ——– (rain) you ——– (got) wet.
5) Rohan ——– (meet) with an accident when he ——– (walk) back home.
6) While we ——– (walk) in the fields we ——– (see) a snake.
7) When Prabhu ——– (reach) the airport the plane ——– (leave) already.
8) When I ——– (see) her, she ——– (play) chess.
9) The train ——– (leave) the station before I ——– (reach) there.
10) If you ——– (go) now, you ——– (catch) the train.
11) We ——– (go) as soon as you ——– (be) ready.
12) Don’t ——– (get) off the train till it ——– (stop).
13) I ——– (find) this letter while I ——– (search) for a book.
14) He ——– (jump) off the train when it ——– (move).
15) The thief ——– (escape) before I ——– (open) the door.
Answer:
1) asked; was
2) was cooking; heard
3) decided; would go
4) rains; will get
5) met; was walking
6) were walking; saw
7) reached; had already left
8) saw; was playing
9) had left; reached
10) go; can catch
11) shall go; are
12) get; stops
13) found; was searching
14) jumped; was moving
15) had escaped; opened

E. Fill in the blanks using until, till, as long as, as soon as, from – to, since, for, between – and.

1) I have been waiting here ——– an hour.
2) It has been raining ——– morning.
3) The school works ——– 9 a.m. ——– 5 p.m.
4) The office works ——– 10 a.m. ——– 5 p.m.
5) We shall go ——– you are ready.
6) Can’t you wait ——– we get home?
7) The shop is open ——– 6 o’ clock.
8) Let’s wait ——– the rain stops.
9) You are not going out ——– you’ve finished this.
10) We shall go ——– the weather is good.
11) I’ll call you ——– we get the information.
12) She has been working in this office ——– 2000.
Answer:
1) for
2) since
3) from; to
4) between – and
5) as soon as
6) till
7) till
8) until
9) until
10) as long as
11) as soon as
12) since

F. Now express the wishes of the people mentioned below using unreal past (wish + subject + past tense). The first one is done for you.

1. Sindhu has missed her school bus. She has to go to school urgently. She wishes to have a car.
How would Sindhu express her wish?
2. Sneha did not visit Ooty. She wishes to visit that place. How would Sneha express her wish ?
3. Ramesh wants to watch a film. But, he did not have money. How would Ramesh express his wish of having money?
4. Anita wants to abolish the system of exams. She wishes to be the Prime Minister. How would Anita express her wish ?
5. Srinu’s father has a car. He wishes to drive that car. But he doesn’t know how to drive a car. How would Srinu express his wish?
6. Sharmila wants to play tennis. But she doesn’t have a tennis racket. How would Sharmila
express her wish?
7. Mahendra wants to get first rank in the class. But he can’t. How would Mahendra express his wish?
Answer:
1. I wish I had a car.
2. I wish I visited Ooty.
3. I wish I had money.
4. I wish I were the Prime Minister.
5. I wish I drove a car.
6. I wish I had a racket.
7. I wish I got a first rank.

G. Rewrite the following sentences using the contracted forms of the underlined parts.

1) I am not a fool.
2) You are not a student.
3) The story is not interesting.
4) He can not speak English.
5) He did not write homework.
6) She does not eat meat.
7) We do not play cricket.
8) She has not finished the work.
9) I have not seen the film.
10) She would pay the fees.
11) He had done it.
12) I am a good boy.
13) I have two brothers.
14) I shall go.
15) He will come.
16) It is nice.
17) You are beautiful.
18) Let us go.
19) We shall not do this.
20) You should not leave your slippers here.
Answer:

1. I’m not a fool.
2. You aren’t a student.
3. The story isn’t interesting.
4. He can’t speak English.
5. He didn’t write homework.
6. She doesn’t eat meat.
7. We don’t play cricket.
8. She hasn’t finished the work.
9. I haven’t seen the film.
10. She’d pay the fees.
11. He’d done it.
12. I’m a good boy.
13. I’ve two brothers.
14. I’ll go.
15. He’ll come.
16. It’s nice.
17. You’re beautiful.
18. Let’s go.
19. We shan’t do this.
20. You shouldn’t leave your slippers here.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Electricity – Current and Its Effect Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Solutions 7th Lesson Electricity – Current and Its Effect

7th Class Science 7th Lesson Electricity – Current and Its Effect Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
Draw the symbols of the following electric components.
a) Cell
b) Battery
c) Switch
d) Electric bulb
Answer:
a) Symbol for cell: The longer line denotes the positive terminal, and the thicker, small line denotes the negative terminal.

b) Symbol for battery: Two or more cells joined together form a battery.

c) Symbol for switch: Switch is also called key. Switch is open.

d) Symbol for electric bulb: Electric bulb in on position.

Question 2.
Draw an electric circuit diagram consisting of a cell, a bulb and an electric switch.
Answer:
Electric Circuit diagram:

Question 3.
In a series connection of bulbs, if one bulb fails, why do all other bulbs go OFF?
Answer:

1. In a series electric circuit, electricity has only one path to flow through.
2. In series connection of bulbs, if one bulb fails, the circuit breaks and current do not flow in the circuit.
3. So other bulbs in the series connection of bulbs do not glow’and they go OFF.

Question 4.
Write the difference between series connection and parallel connection.
Answer:

Question 5.
What is the advantage of Miniature Circuit Breaker?
Answer:

1. The advantage miniature circuit breakers have over fuses is that they can reset (manually or automatically) to restore normal operation.
2. Fuses need to be replaced after every single operation.

Question 6.
Fill in the blanks.
a) Longer line in the symbol for a cell represents its ………… terminal.
b) Smaller line in the symbol for a cell represents its ………… terminal.
c) The combination of two or more cells is called a ………… .
d) Safety device used in electric circuit is ………… .
e) The device used to close or open an electric circuit is ………… .
Answer:
a) positive
b) negative
c) battery
d) fuse
e) switch

Question 7.
Mark T’ if the statement is true and F’ if it is false. Give reasons for choice of answer.
a) In series circuit the electricity has only one path. (T/F)
b) In parallel circuit the electricity has more than one path. (T/F)
c) To make a battery of two cells, the negative terminal of one cell is connected to the negative terminal of the other cell. (T/F)
d) When the electric current through the fuse exceeds a certain limit the fuse wire
melts and breaks. (T/F)
e) The switch is used to close or open an electric circuit. (T/F)
Answer:
a) T
b) T
c) F
d) T
e) T

Question 8.
Choose the correct answer.

i) Arun buys four bulbs of 15 W, 40 W, 60 W and 100 W respectively. Which one should be use in his room as a night bulb?
A) 15 W
B) 40 W
C) 60 W
D) 100 W
Answer:
A) 15 W

ii) Device used to close or open an electric circuit is ( C )
A) Electric bulb
B) Battery
C) Switch
D) Fuse
Answer:
C) Switch

iii) Which one of the following is used for light source? ( D )
A) Cassette player
B) Electric mixer
C) Rice Cooker
D) Table lamp
Answer:
D) Table lamp

iv) Safety device used in electric circuit is ( D )
A) Electric bulb
B) Battery
C) Switch
D) Fuse
Answer:
D) Fuse

Question 9.
Visit your classmates houses. Find out the meter readings of three months. Record your observations. Ask your parents about how electricity bill is paid?
Answer:

Question 10.
Draw the symbols of the following electric components.
Answer:

Question 11.
Draw the circuit diagram for the following series connection.

Answer:

Question 12.
Match the following.

Answer:

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Forest: Our Life Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Solutions 16th Lesson Forest: Our Life

7th Class Science 16th Lesson Forest: Our Life Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
How can you say forest is a habitat for people?
Answer:

1. Forests have been a home of people from ancient times.
2. In various forest areas of Andhra Pradesh, we find people still living there and making it their home.
3. They usually live in places in the forest where water is available.
4. These people, aadivasis, never harm the forest in any way.
5. They never cut green trees for fuelwood and for domestic purposes. They collect only dry wood.
6. They also hunt only small animals like lizards and rabbits for their food.
7. While collecting tubers that they eat, they leave a part of them in the soil for the plants to grow again.
8. They earn money by selling forest products in the weekend markets (santha)

Question 2.
What variations do we see in forest types?
Answer:
1) There are two types of forests. They are:
a) Forest of hot and humid areas. (Equatorial forests)
b) Forest of cold areas (Alpine forests)

Question 3.
How do we depend on forests?
Answer:

1. Forests keep the surroundings cool.
2. We get different varieties of timber from forests.
3. We get honey, tamarind, bamboo from the forests.
4. Forests provide us the rains, fresh air and fresh water.
5. We get medicinal plants from the forest.
6. The forests help us in getting food, shelter and clothing.

Question 4.
How can you say forests are lungs of our earth?
Answer:

1. Forests take up a large amount of Carbon dioxide and some other harmful particles
   and gases and keep the air clean.
2. They serve as lungs of our earth.

Question 5.
List the things that we use in our daily life which are made from wood.
Answer:
We use in our daily life the following which are made of wood.

1. Windows
2. Doors
3. Tables
4. Chairs
5. Stands
6. Bench
7. Cot
8. Cradle
9. Sofa
10. Almirah
11. Counter
12. Cup – Board etc.

Question 6.
What is deforestation? How can it be stopped?
Answer:

1. Deforestation is cutting down forests for replacement of industries or for timber or for other economic needs, croplands etc.
2. People destroy the forests for their own economic purposes. For example, earning by selling trees and thus excessive cutting down of trees or deforestation is taking place.
3. Deforestation can be stopped by the following steps.
   a) The forest officials should make good efforts with voluntary organisations to save forests.
   b) People should be continuously educated about the adverse effects of deforestation.
   c) Plantation of trees should be encouraged.

Question 7.
This is not a forest product.
A) Soap nut B) Plywood C) Matchstick D) Kerosene
Answer:
D) Kerosene

Question 8.
If you want to develop social forestry in your village which type of plants would you like to grow. Why?
Answer:
1) If we want to develop social forestry in our village, we would like to grow the following plants.

1. Bamboo
2. Karaka
3. Rose wood
4. Nallamadi
5. Tamarind
6. Usiri
7. Jafra etc.

Question 9.
Collect the pictures of forest products and stick them in your scrap book.
Answer:
The student can prepare the scrapbook.

Question 10.
Write a note on livelihood of forest tribes of our state.
Answer:

1. Tribals like ‘Chenchu’ are living in the forests of our state.
2. The forest tribes, walk through the forests for nearly 30 km. every day and has thorough knowledge of forest, its flora, fauna and birds with in a radius of around 15 km.
3. They collect various food products like soap nuts, honey, tamarind, bamboo etc and sell them’ in Santha (a weekend market) and purchase materials like clothes etc.
4. They also collect medicinal plants from the forest for which they are well known through- out the state.
5. These people never cut green trees for fuel wood and for domestic purposes.
6. They also hunt only small animals like lizards and rabbits for their food.
7. While collecting tubers, that they eat, they leave part of them in the soil for the plants to grow again.
8. They have very little needs and happily go about their daily lives.

Question 11.
Collect some songs / stories / poems about conservation of trees.
Answer:
Poem: 1
See the leaves that fall from trees.
Watch then fall to ground with grace.
Carried by the winds of nature.
They never stay in just one place.
Poem: 2
See the leaves that fall from trees.
They grow from branches nice and quick.
A seasons when they live their life.
Full and short poisoned sick.

Question 12.
We can see animals not only in the forests but also in the Zoo. Write some similarities and differences between the conditions in which animals are found in the zoo and the forest.
Answer:
a) Similarities:

1. Both the animals in the forest and in the zoo appear in the same way.
2. They continue their food habits.
3. The nature of these animals do not change.
4. They give birth to the off spring.

b) Differences:

1. The animals in the forest feel independence. The animals in the zoo do not feel it.
2. The animals in the forest struggle to get their food. The animals in the zoo get their food in fixed times without any effort.
3. There is difference in the conceivement of forest animals and zoo animals. Zoo animals are facing inconvenience.
4. Forest animals can wander freely where as zoo animals cannot wander freely. This has an effect on their Biological system.

Question 13.
Charita said “forest is good habitat” How can you support her?
Answer:

1. By harboring greater variety of plants the forest provides greater opportunities for food and habitat for the herbivores.
2. Larger number of herbivores means increased availability of food for a variety of carnivores.
3. The wide variety of animals help the forests to regenerate and grow.
4. Forests provide habitat to a wide variety of plants and animals.

Question 14.
Draw or collect pictures of forests. Discuss with your friends. Write about fate of forests in your state and what steps you would take to conserve them.
Answer:
The student can collect pictures of forests available.
The fate of Forests:

1. In many parts of our country, the deforestation has been on a large scale and the consequences are being faced by men.
2. Flood situations, drought, soil erosion, land slides etc. are very common problems due to deforestation.
3. People are clearing forest land for cultivation, construction of houses, roads, factories and dams.
4. Extinction of many animals and living organism result of this deforestation.

Steps for conservation:

1. We must make efforts to save forests by planting plants like Karaka, Rosewood, Nallamadi, Usiri etc.
2. We should conserve soil moisture by making bunds along edges of plantation areas, digging trenches etc.
3. We should see that no one harms trees.
4. We should Start growing forests once again.

Question 15.
Find out about state of forests in India and write a brief report on it.
Answer:

1. In our country the area of the forests is decreasing due to deforestation.
2. This has already shown its effect on our environment.
3. Several types of organisms already disappeared due to this deforestation in our ‘ country.
4. There are forests only on 19.3% of the geographical area of our country.
5. Forests play an important role in the maintenance of ecological balance.
6. Conservation of forests is the need of the hour in our country.

Question 16.
Plant a tree on your birthday or during any celebration in the family.
Answer:
Every student, parent, teacher, and citizen should follow this suggestion.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Soil: Our Life Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Solutions 15th Lesson Soil: Our Life

7th Class Science 15th Lesson Soil: Our Life Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
How can you say soil is a precious resource? Give reasons.
Answer:

1. Soil is a precious resource.
2. It is the basis for growth of plants.
3. It is habitat for micro organism, animals, reptiles etc.
4. Soil is used for various purposes.
5. Almost all the things in our surroundings directly or indirectly depend on soil.

Question 2.
Which type of soil is suitable for growing cotton?
Answer:

1. Black soil is suitable for growing cotton.
2. Black soil is sticky in nature. It retains water for a long time.
3. This soil is suitable for the growth of cotton, sugarcane and paddy.

Question 3.
Give reasons for low percolation rate of clayey soil as compared to sandy soil.
Answer:

1. Clayey soil mainly contains clay.
2. Only small percentage of sand and slit are present in the clayey soil.
3. Humus is also present in this soil.
4. The components having good percolation capacity are not present in the clayey soil in the desired proportion.
5. So clayey soil has low percolation rate as compared to sandy soil.

Question 4.
Why is top soil more useful for us?
Answer:

1. The top organic layer of soil, made up mostly of leaf litter and humus (decomposed organic matter).
2. This layer is soft and porus. It contains nutrients which help in the growth of plants.
3. To soil is capable of retaining water in it.
4. It is a good habit at for many living organism.

Question 5.
What types of soils are there in your village? Make a. list of crops grown on these soils.
Answer:

1. Types of soil differ from village to village.
2. For guidance, a village in Krishna District is identified and details are given here.
3. There is black soil in the village. This soil can retain water for a long time.
4. Here farmers grow cotton, sugarcane and paddy.

Question 6.
If a farmer wants to improve water holding capacity of his sandy soil field what will you suggest to him?
Answer:

1. In sandy soi] the proportion of larger sized particle is more.
2. This soil will have more percolation rate.
3. If a good proportion of fine particles are added to the sandy soil, these fine particles hold the water.
4. So the farmer is advised to mix clay soil, having fine particles, with the sandy soil, to improve water holding capacity.

Question 7.
Do you think rotting vegetation and animal remains are important for the soil? In what way?
Answer:

1. Rotting vegetation and animal remains make up the humus rich in fertility.
2. They contain nutrients, natural manure which give good support to the growth of plants.

Question 8.
Roots of grasses hold soil particles. This conserves the
Answer:
Soil

Question 9.
Which of the following statements is correct? Correct the wrong one.

• Soil form from sand.
• Crop rotation protects soil fertility.
• Clay soil can’t hold water for a long time.
• Upper layers ofsoild are made of rocks.

Answer:

• Soil form from sand. …….. This, is wrong.
• Crop rotation protects soil fertility. ……… This is correct.
• Clay soil can’t hold water for a long time. …….. This is wrong.
• Upper layers of soild are made of rocks. …….. This is wrong.

Correct statements:
a) Soil is formed slowly as rock erodes into tiny pieces near the Earth’s surface.
b) Statement is correct.
c) Clay soil contains more fine particles. So its water holding capacity is more.
d) The upper layers of soil is made up of humus mixed with mineral particles.

Question 10.
Collect soil from your school ground. Try to make a ring with that soil. Write down your observations. What type of soil is it?
Answer:
The student can do it.
The soil changes from school to school. So the student with the help of the teacher can make the observations.

Question 11.
Take a boiling tube. Put two spoons of soil in it. Heat it on a spirit lamp and cover it.
a) Do this experiment and write your findings.
b) Do you find any moisture in the soil?
c) How can you say that?
Answer:
a)

1. This soil is found to contain minerals like salts of sodium, calcium and magnesium.
2. Traces of potassium chlorides, sulphates and carbonates are also observed.

b) I found moisture in the soil.
c)

1. As the boiling tube is covered, on the bottom of the cover, water drops condensed
   are found.
2. Due, to heat the moisture in the soil got evaporated and the vapours were condensed on the bottom of the cover.

Question 12.
Nazmal’s grandmother said “Human beings always depends on soil”. Is she correct? How do you support her statement?
Answer:

1. Nazmal’s grandmother is correct. I support her statement.
2. Soil is one of the most important natural resources. It supports the existence of living organisms.
3. We use soil for different purposes in our daily life. Almost all things in our surroundings directly or indirectly depend on soil.
4. The soil supports all plants, animals and microorganism.
5. We grow our food components in this soil.

Question 13.
“If you sow a seed in the soil it will give birth to a tiny plant which grows bigger and bigger. “It is the wonder of soil” Swetha said. How do you express your appreciation of soil like Swetha?
Answer:

1. Soil always support plants to grow.
2. It is plants that grow life long.
3. Soil supplies the necessary water and nutrients to the plant throughout its life period.
4. The plant makes it own food using, solar energy and the gases in the atmosphere with the help of water supplied by the soil.
5. It is one of the wonderful things we observe in the nature.

Question 14.
Write a dialogue between seed and soil and perform a small play using your own script.
Answer:
Soil : Who are you?
Seed : I am as eed.
Soil : What do you want from me?
Seed : I want water, minerals and nutrients.
Soil : Why do you need all those things?
Seed : As I want to germinate and become a big tree I need all those things.
Soil : Definitely I will supply all that things needed to you to become a big tree.

Question 15.
If you have a chance to talk with a soil scientist, what questions would you like to ask him about soil?
Answer:
I shall ask the following questions.

1. How can you test the soil for its acidity?
2. Is it possible to change the basic nature of the soil?
3. How can the water holding capacity of the soil be increased at a low cost.
4. Suggest methods to improve the fertility of the soil.
5. What can be done with the black cotton soil when a building is to be constructed?
6. As black cotton soil yields, and the building cracks, suggest preventive measures for it.

Question 16.
Do you find any relationship between the chapters “Soil” and “Nutrition in plants”. What are they?
Answer:

1. Plants get their nutrition from the soil where they grow.
2. All plants cannot grow in every soil. We have to select plants to seed suited to the soil available.
3. By taking proper steps, we can improve the quality of soil for a good growth of the plants.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water – Too Little To Waste Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Solutions 14th Lesson Water – Too Little To Waste

7th Class Science 14th Lesson Water – Too Little To Waste Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks and give reasons.
a) Cleaning of water is a process of removing …………
b) Waste water released by houses is called …………
c) Dried ………… is used as manure.
d) Drains get blocked by ………… and …………
Answer:
a) Impurities – This is to remove the wastage to get purified water.
b) Sewage This is a liquid waste which causes harmful bacteria and other microbes.
c) Sludge – The soft wet earth or subtances which are used as manure.
d) Oil and fat The impurities stagnated in water which releases some oil and fats like fossil fuels.

Question 2.
What is sewage? Explain why it is harmful to discharge untreated sewage into rivers or seas?
Answer:

1. All the waste water released by homes, industries, hospitals, offices and other users are collectively called Sewage.
2. Sewage is a liquid waste.
3. Most of it is water, which has dissolved and suspended impurities, disease-causing bacteria and other microbes. These impurities are called contaminants.
4. If this is discharged into canals, it causes a lot of harm to animals, human beings, aquatic animals and plants if this water used.

Question 3.
Why should oils and fats not be released in the drain? Explain.
Answer:

1. Oils and fats should not be released in the drain.
2. If they are released they do not dissolve in water and at the same time attach themselves to the walls of the drain.
3. These catch other material and finally obstruct the flow of drain water.
4. This makes the drain water stagnate causing new sanitation problems.

Question 4.
Describe the steps involved in getting clarified water from wastewater.
Answer:

1. Wastewater is passed through bar screens. Large objects like rags, sticks, cans, plastic packets, etc are removed by this.
   
2. Water then goes to a grit and sand removal tank.
   The speed of the incoming wastewater is decreased to allow sand, grit and pebbles to settle down.
3. The water is then allowed to settle in a large tank which is sloped towards the middle.
   
4. Solids like faeces settle at the bottom a removed with a scraper. This is the sludge.
5. A skimmer removes the floatable solids like grease. Water so cleared is called clarified water.

Question 5.
What is sludge? Explain how it is treated.
Answer:
Sludge:

1. Waste water is passed through bar screens.
   After removal of large objects, water goes to a grit and sand removal tank. Here water is allowed to settle in a large tank which is sloped towards the middle.
   
2. Solids like faeces settle at the bottom and are removed with a scraper. This is the sludge.
3. The sludge is transferred to a separate tank where it is decomposed by an aerobic bacteria.
4. The biogas produced in the process can be used as fuel or can be used to produce electricity.
5. Air is pumped into the clarified water to help aerobic bacteria to grow.
6. Bacteria consume human waste, food waste, soaps and other unwanted matter still remaining in clarified water.
7. After several hours, the suspended microbes settle at the bottom of the tank as activated sludge. The water is then removed from the top.
8. The activated sludge is about 97% water. The water is removed by sand drying beds or machines.
9. Dried sludge is used as manure, returning organic matter and nutrients to the soil.

Question 6.
Untreated human excreta is a health hazard. Explain.
Answer:

1. If the human excreta is left untreated it reaches the canals through rain water.
2. The canal water is contaminated with this.
3. People who use this canal water are prone to many diseases.
4. Thus it is a health hazard.

Question 7.
Name two chemical used to disinfect the water.
Answer:

1. Chlorine and
2. Ozone are the two chemicals used to disinfect the water.

Question 8.
Explain the function of bar screens in a waste water treatment plant.
Answer:
Large objects like rags, sticks, cans, plastic packets… etc in waste water are removed by the bar screens in a waste water treatment plant.

Question 9.
Explain the relationship between sanitation and disease.
Answer:

1. Sanitation plays a major role in keeping good health for the public.
2. If the sanitation is poor* both water and air becomes polluted.
3. Public depend upon these two items for their healthy living. If they are contaminated public health becomes a big threat.
4. Neglected sanitation leads to diseases in the people living nearby.

Question 10.
Outline your role as an active citizen in relation to sanitation.
Answer:

1. I shall educated the members of my house to keep the house and surroundings clean and neat.
2. I request the neighbours not to throw away their house hold wastes on roads or at any place of their choice.
3. I shall suggest them to separate organic and inorganic wastes and hand over to the people who collect these waste materials.
4. I propagate the importance of sanitation by mouth and also with my friends.
5. I cooperate with all organisations who work in this direction.

Question 11.
What would, you do to motivate people in your street to utilise toilets?
Answer:

1. I explain the people about the importance of using toilets.
2. I shall emphasize how one is prone to get hookworm if goes for defecation in the open.
3. Further such things lead to the contamination of air and water which causes a threat to the health of the people living nearby.
4. If toilets are used the waste materials go deep into the earth and become soil in course of time without creating any problem.
5. Defecation irt the open, attracts mosquitoes, house flies and other insects which inturn transmit diseases.

Question 12.
What would happen if there were no microbes that break down wastes in sewage?
Answer:

1. Microbes are doing a lot of service in breaking down the complex organic compounds in waste materials to simple structured substances.
2. These substances ultimately becoming a manure.
3. If there were no microbes, our life will be in danger.
4. All the waste organic material remain as it was and pollute air and water posing a big problem to our survival.

Question 13.
What point would you like to address in the letter for your panchayat officer about drainage system in your village/town?
Answer:

1. The drainage system in our town is very poor. The drains were not cleaned regularly by the sanitary people.
2. The drain walls (or pipes) in some places were broken and the drain water is not freely flowing due to obstacles
3. When it rains, all the drain water along With the rain water is occupying the roads making it very unhygienic.
4. We therefore request you to attend to this drainage repair work.

Question 14.
Go to a nearby railway station/bits station/ hospital/ industry. What type of sewage is released? List out where and how.
Answer:

Question 15.
Fresh water is scarce. What is your contribution to make your family members aware of the need to save water?
Answer:
I shall see that my family members follow the following methods of using water.

1. Pick up water that is reqired for drinking. Donot throw away the water left out in the glass.
2. Water used for cleaning rice and vegetables will be sent to the garden in the backyard.
3. For bath, required water is to be used.
4. I suggest the members to use mild soaps as the water after bath can be sent to plants in the garden of the house.
5. No spill out of water from the tap must be seen by every family member.
6. ‘Think’ before you use every drop of water is the suggestion I put before the family members.

Question 16.
Prepare atleast 5 slogans on “Don’t waste water”. (OR)
Write 4 slogans on “conservation of water ”
(OR)
Write any 4 slogans on Conservation of water and wastage of water. J&JAMlIrM
Answer:
5 slogans on’Don’t waste water’.

1. ’Water is our currency. Use it with care’
2. ‘Water is our life. Save it’.
3. ‘Water is precious. Use it but donot throw it’.
4. ‘Save water. Never become a partner for its shortage’.
5. ‘Water is life. Life is not water’.

Question 17.
Make a writeup for your project on preservation of rain water.
Answer:

1. If villagers take up the activity of sludge removal in tanks, more: water can be stored in them. Government should take up the renovation of lakes / tanks from time to time.
2. Groundwater increases if check-dams are built over rivers, streams and riverets. This water can be used for all purposes.
3. The rain water which flows from roof tops cap be diverted into a pit or a big Tank in the surroundings of the house, and this water can be used for few days.

Question 18.
Is there a check dam or any other water conservation unit in your village? Write a note on it.
Answer:
We have a water tank in the middle of the village, near to the Z.P. High school.
All people of Our village get water from that tank in the morning and evening.

Question 19.
Have you got any doubt about diseases caused by untreated water? List them out.
(OR)
Ashok wants to know the effects of “drinking” contaminated water. Which questions may he ask the doctor?
Answer:

1. What are the diseases caused by using untreated water?
2. What are the steps to be taken to treat the untreated water?
3. What are the different methods used to treat the untreated water?

Question 20.
If you see water running off from a public tap what would you do about it?
Answer:

1. If I see water running off from a public tap immediately I turn off the tap and stop the run of water.
2. If the control system of the tap is not there, I shall take measures to close the way out of water and report the same to the authorities.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 17 Changes Around Us

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Important Questions 17th Lesson Changes Around Us

7th Class Science 17th Lesson Changes Around Us Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are periodic changes?
Answer:

1. If we observe that every change mentioned is the table repeats after some period of time.
2. Such changes are known as periodic changes.
3. The events which repeat at regular intervals of time are called periodic events.

Question 2.
Mention some physical changes you observe in your daily life.
Answer:

1. In our daily life we observe many changes.
2. In the changes like melting of ice, solidification of ghee or coconut oil in winter etc., there is a change in state of the substance.
3. In certain processes like filling balloons with air and pumping of cycle tubes etc., we notice change in shape.
4. These are all physical changes. On these changes no new substance is formed.

Question 3.
Explain what are physical and chemical changes. Give examples.
Answer:
Physical change: When the material undergoes a change in shape, size, colour or state, it is called a physical change.
Eg: Heating ice, filling air into Balloons
Chemical change: When a material undergoes a change in shape and size and a new material is formed, then we call it a chemical change.
Eg:

1. Burning of crackers
2. Change of milk into curd
3. Burning a piece of wood.

Question 4.
Some changes are given in the table. Write possible changes you notice for each case and put (✓) in the appropriate column.
Answer:

1. In the above activity we notice that only in some examples like burning of paper, burning of crackers, change of milk to curd, boiling of egg, etc., a new substance is formed.
2. But in other examples of changes, we notice a change in state or colour or size or shape etc but the substance remains the same and no new substance is formed.

Question 5.
In the above table which changes do you consider physical changes or chemical changes?
Answer:

1. When a material undergoes a change in shape, size, colour, or state, it is called a physical change.
2. So I consider the following as physical changes.
   Heating a coloured candle, Heating ice, Heating water, Melting of Gold ornaments, Filling of air into Balloons, Cutting a piece of wood, Drying of clothes in sunlight, Drying of wet coconut, change is the cut apple; Change in the mouth due to pan chewing.
3. When a material undergoes a change in its composition, it is called a chemical
   change. In a chemical change, a new substance is formed.
4. So I consider the following as chemical changes. Burning of Newspaper, Burning of crackers, change of milk to curd, Boiling egg.

Question 6.
What is rust and rusting? Why does iron rust? What type of change is this?
Answer:

1. When iron nails, iron gates, iron benches or pieces of iron are left is the open ground for a long time, we find a brown layer on the surface of iron articles.
2. This is called ‘rust’, and the process of forming this layer is called rusting.
3. When iron is exposed to air for a long time, the Oxygen present in air reacts with it in the presence of moist air and forms a new substance called iron oxide as rust on iron articles.
4. This process is known as rusting.
   Iron + Oxygen (from air) + Water → rust (Iron oxide).
5. As a new substance is formed in this change, we call it a chemical change.

Question 7.
What is Galvanisation? Explain its importance.
Answer:

1. Some articles made up of iron, don’t get rusted even they are exposed to air.
2. To prevent iron articles from coming into contact with oxygen in air or water or both, we deposit a layer of a metal like Chromium or Zinc on them.
3. This process of depositing a layer of zinc or Chromium on Iron is called Galvanisation.
4. Generally we use Zinc for such type of coatings.
5. We find in our house that water pipe lines are without rust on them.
6. If we observe carefully, we notice that there is some metallic coating on these pipes to prevent rusting.
7. They do not get rusted even after a long time since they are galvanized.
8. The process of depositing one metal on another metal is called galvanisation.

Question 8.
What happens when you burn camphor?
Answer:

1. Initially Camphor changes into liquid and then evaporates into air.
2. It is also considered to be a chemical change.

Question 9.
What happens when you put a small quantity of Camphor in a dish and place it in the open air?
Answer:

1. Take a small quantity of Camphor in a dish and place it in the open air.
2. Observe it after some time. Its quantity reduces and we sense the smell of it.
3. It happens because the camphor gets evaporated. Since it has strong smell, it is used to keep insects and flies away. It is also used in medicines.

Question 10.
Describe what changes occur in a chemical change.
Answer:

1. In a chemical change, the material undergoes a change in its composition and a new substance is formed.
2. Heat, light or any other radiation may be given out or absorbed.
3. Loud sound may be produced.
4. A change in smell may take place or a new smell may be produced.
5. A colour change may take place.
6. A change in the state may occur. All chemical changes do not have all the 2 to 6 traits mentioned above.

Question 11.
How do you make crystallization of urea?
Answer:

1. Take some water in a test tube and add urea to it. Heat the test tube till all the urea dissolves.
2. Add more urea to it. Keep on adding to it until no more urea can be dissolved in it.
3. Let the solution cool down for sometime.
4. Observe the test tube after about half an hour.
5. We get large size crystals of urea.

Question 12.
What is crystallization? How do you make crystallization of copper sulphate?
Answer:
Crystallization (Definition): The process of separating a soluble solid from the solution by heating or evaporating is called crystallization.
Crystallization of copper sulphate:

1. Take some hot, saturated solution of Copper sulphate in a test tube.
2. Pour some of it in an evaporating dish.
3. Allow the solution to cool quickly.
4. Observe with a magnifying glass, the size, colour and shape of the crystals formed.

Question 13.
Think about the following changes and decide whether they are physical or chemical changes. Write the type of change and reasons for that in the table.
Answer:

Question 14.
Do copper articles get rust? When rusting becomes faster? What change is this?
Answer:

1. When Copper utensils are exposed to air we find a greenish coat on them.
2. This greenish coat is formed when Copper reacts with Oxygen and Carbon dioxide present in the air.
3. This coat also protects Copper from getting further corroded. It is also an example of rusting.
4. Rusting becomes faster when there is more humidity in the air.
5. Rusting is a chemical change.

Question 15.
How can you say that rusting is a chemical change? What factors are favourable for speed rusting?
Answer:

1. In case when the metal is changed to its oxide, that is rusting a new substance is formed.
2. Hence rusting is a Chemical Change.
3. The speed of rusting depends on the amount of moisture available to it for a long time.
4. That is more the humidity in air, the faster is the rusting of iron.

Question 16.
What are the methods you suggest to prevent the rusting of iron?
Answer:

1. The problem of rusting of iron and other metal articles is common experience in almost every home.
2. It spoils beautiful articles and makes them look ugly.
3. The following are some of the ways to prevent the rusting of iron.
   a) Do not allow the iron articles to come in direct contact with Oxygen in the air, water or both.
   b) Apply a coat of paint or grease on an iron article.

Question 17.
Do all the materials get rusted or react with oxygen in the air?
Answer:

1. Observe Gold and Silver, we wear them in the form of ornaments.
2. Even if they get exposed to air for a long time, they do not change colour or get rusted.
3. It means that they are resistant to corrosion which is the reason why we use them in making ornaments.

Question 18.
What changes do you notice when few pieces of ice in a beaker are heated? What do you mean by a physical change ?
Answer:

1. Take few pieces of ice in a beaker and heat them as shown in the following figure.
   
2. We notice that ice slowly melts and becomes water and on further heating.
3. If we reduce the temperature, the water vapour changes back to water and when the temperature is further reduced it changes to ice.
4. In the above activity we notice the change of the state of ice to water and to vapour but the substance, water, remains the same.
5. Changes of this type where no new substance is formed are known as physical changes.
6. When a material undergoes a change in shape, size, color or state it is called a Physical Change.
7. Generally, no new substance is formed in a physical change.

Question 19.
What changes do you observe when some material is burning? What do you mean by a chemical change?
Answer:

1. Take a piece of wood, a piece of paper and a ball of cotton. Burn them and observe the changes.
   
2. Record your observations in the following Table.
   
3. In the above activity we notice that when a piece of wood, paper, and cotton are burnt a new material is formed.
4. This is black in colour and in powder form which is different from the original material.
5. We also notice change in shape and size of new material.
6. This type of change that leads to form a new substance is known as Chemical change.

Question 20.
What happens when magnesium ribbon is burnt in air? What type of substance is formed when it is dissolved in water?
Answer:

1. Take a small piece of Magnesium ribbon. Burn it on a flame of candle.
2. We will find brilliant white dazzling light leaving a powdery substance behind.
3. When Magnesium burns in the presence of Oxygen, it forms Magnesium Oxide in the form of powder ash, which is a new substance.
4. Thus there is a change in the composition.
5. Magnesium + Oxygen → Magnesium Oxide.
6. Collect the ash and mix it with a small quantity of water and dissolve it. Another new substance is formed.
7. Magnesium Oxide + Water → Magnesium Hydroxide
8. Test the dissolved mixture with blue and red litmus papers to decide whether it is a acid or a base.
9. We notice that the litmus paper turns blue.
10. This means that magnesium hydroxide is basic in nature.
11. As all these are new substances all these changes are chemical changes.

Question 21.
What happens if you put an iron nail in copper sulphate solution? Describe how do you perform this activity.
Answer:

1. Take a glass tumbler half – filled with water and add a teaspoonful of Copper sulphate to it.
2. Now add a few drops of Sulphuric Acid to the Copper Sulphate solution.
3. Take some sample solution of it in another beaker and keep it aside.
   
4. Add an Iron nail to the solution in the first beaker and keep it undisturbed for half an hour.
5. Compare the colour of the solution in which iron nail is dropped to that of sample solution kept aside.
6. We notice that the blue coloured solution changes into green colour and a brown coloured deposit is seen on the iron nail.
7. The change in colour of the solution is due to the formation of Iron Sulphate, a new substance.
8. The brown deposit on the Iron nail is copper, another new substance.
9. Copper Sulphate (Blue) + Iron → Iron Sulphate (green) + Copper (brown deposit).
10. This is a chemical change.

Question 22.
Describe how do you perform the activity to observe the reaction of vinegar with baking soda.
Answer:

1. First set up the apparatus has shown in Fig.
   
2. Take a teaspoon of vinegar (acetic acid) in a test tube and add a pinch of baking soda (Sodium bicarbonate) to it.
3. You observe bubbles coming out with a hissing sound. Pass this gas through freshly prepared Limewater (Calcium Hydroxide).
4. Limewater changes to milky white showing that the gas sent into the test tube is Carbon dioxide.
5. Vinegar + Baking Soda → Carbon dioxide + other substance.
6. Carbon dioxide + Lime Water → Calcium Carbonate + Water
7. In these reactions, the new substances like Carbon dioxide and Calcium Carbonate are formed. Hence it is a chemical change.
8. When a material undergoes a change in its composition it is called a chemical change.

Question 23.
How do you produce large size of sugar crystals? What type of change is it?
Answer:

1. Take a big size test tube. Fill half if it with water. Add some sugar to it and stir it.
2. Keep adding sugar and stirring until saturation is attained. Then heat this sugar solution and add some more sugar to it while stirring
3. Continue adding sugar till no more sugar can be dissolved in it.
   
4. Now filter the solution and allow it cool for half an hour.
5. We notice formation of large size crystals of sugar at the bottom of the beaker. Thus sugar the small granules of sugar added changed into large size sugar crystals.
6. This is a physical change.

Question 24.
What do you observe on the cut pieces of fruits and vegetables? Why do they change their colour?
Answer:

1. Take an apple, brinjal, a potato, a tomato, a cucumber, a banana; cut each into small pieces; place them in separate plates and expose them to open air for sometime.
   
2. We notice a brown colour in some of these pieces.
3. Some fruits and vegetables, when cut, react with Oxygen in the air.
4. This makes them to get a brown layer on the surface.

Question 25.
What do you do to prevent browning of cut vegetables and fruits.
Answer:

1. Cold water prevents the outer surface of the potato and brinjal from colouring.
2. Small quantities of acids like vinegar or lemon juice in water will also prevent browning of vegetables.
   
3. We can also rub the surface of the cut fruits with juices of citrus fruits like lemon to avoid their browning.
4. The layer of lemon juice reduces the reaction on the surface of the fruit.
5. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) can also be used to prevent browning.

Question 26.
Look at the experiment given below which was already conducted in your laboratory. Answer the following.

a) Which chemical was used in this experiment?
b) What is the change of colour you observed, after putting the iron nail into the solution?
Answer:
a) Copper Sulphate solution (CuSO₄).
b) The solution turns into green colour.