Class 8

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 7 Frequency Distribution Tables and Graphs Ex 7.1 Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class Maths Solutions 7th Lesson Frequency Distribution Tables and Graphs Exercise 7.1

Question 1.
Find the arithmetic mean of the sales per day in a fair price shop in a week.
₹ 10000, ₹ 10250, ₹ 10790, ₹ 9865, ₹ 15350, ₹ 10110
Solution:

Question 2.
Find the mean ofthe data; 10.25, 9, 4.75, 8, 2.65, 12, 2.35
Solution:

Question 3.
Mean of eight observations is 25. If one observation 11 is excluded, find the mean of the remaining.
Solution:
Given that
The mean of 8 observations = 25
The sum of 8 observations = 8 × 25
= 200
If the observation 11 is subtracted from the sum
⇒ 200 – 11 = 189
∴ The mean of remaining 7 observations = \(\frac { 189 }{ 7 }\) = 27

Question 4.
Arithmetic mean of nine observations is calculated as 38. But in doing so, an observation 27 is mistaken for 72. Find the actual mean of the data.
Solution:
The mean of 9 observations = 38
The sum of 9 observations = 38 × 9
= 342
If the observation 27 is mistaken for 72
then correct observation = 72 – 27
= 45
Sum of correct observations = 342 + 45
= 387
∴ Correct Mean = \(\frac { 387 }{ 9 }\) = 43

Question 5.
Five years ago mean age of a family was 25 years. What is the present mean age of the family ?
Solution:
When all the observations of the data are increased or decreased by a certain number, the mean also increases or decreases by the same number.
Five years ago mean age of a family = 25 years
Present mean age of the family = 25 + 5 = 30 y

Question 6.
Two years ago the mean age of 40 people was 11 years. Now a person left the group and the mean age is changed to 12 years. Find the age of the person who left the group.
Solution:
The present mean age of 40 people = 11 + 2 = 13 years
∴ The total age of 40 people = 40 × 13
= 520 years
If 1 person is left from the group of 40 people then remaining will be = 40 – 1 = 39.
The mean age of 39 people = 12 years
The total age of 39 people = 39 × 12
= 468 years
Age of the person who left from the group = 520 – 468 = 52 years

Question 7.
Find the sum of deviations of all observations of the data 5,8, 10, 15,22 from their mean.
Solution:
A.M. of the observations 5,8,10,15,22 is


∴ Sum of deviations = 0

Question 8.
If sum of the 20 deviations from the mean is 100, then find the mean deviation.
Solution:

Question 9.
Marks of 12 students inaunittestare givenas4,21, 13, 17,5,9, 10,20, 19, 12,20, 14.
Assume a mean and calculate the arithmetic mean of the data. Assume another number as
mean and calculate the arithmetic mean again. Do you get the same result? Comment.
Solution:
Given observations are 4, 21, 13, 17, 5, 9, 10, 20, 19, 12, 20, 14
Estimated mean = 10 say
A.M. Estimated Mean + Average of deviations

= 10 + \(\frac { 44 }{ 12 }\) = 10 + 3.67 = 13.67
∴ A.M = \(\bar{x}\) = 13.67
Another Estimated Mean = 12 then
\(\bar{x}\) = A.M. = Estimated Mean + Average of deviations

= 12 + \(\frac { 20 }{ 12 }\) = 12 + 1.67 = 13.67
\(\bar{x}\) = 13.67
∴ In all cases \(\bar{x}\) = 13.67

Question 10.
Arithmetic mean of marks (out of 25) scored by 10 students was 15. One of the student, named Karishma enquired the other 9 students and find the deviations from her marks are noted as – 8, – 6, – 3, – 1, 0, 2, 3,4, 6. Find Karishma’s marks.
Solution:
Average marks of 10 students = 15
Total marks of 10 students = 10 × 15
= 150
Marks obtained by Karishma = x say
Deviations of 9 students =
-8, -6-3,-1,0, 2, 3,4,6
∴ x-8 + x-6 + x-3 + x-l + x + x + 2 + x + 3 + x + 4 + x + 6 + x = 150
⇒ 10x- 3 = 150
⇒ 10x = 150 + 3 = 153
x = \(\frac { 153 }{ 10 }\) = 15.3

(Or)

The given observations are
-8,-6,-3,-1,0, 2, 3, 4,6
Let the number of marks of Karisima =
Her deviation from x’ are – 8 + x, – 6 + x, – 3 + x, – 1 + x, x + 0, 2 + x, 3 + x, 4 + x, 6 + x

[ ∵ Mean = 15 is given]
10x – 3 = 15 × 10
10x =150 + 3
10x= 153
x = \(\frac{153}{10}\)
x = 15.3
∴ Number of marks obtained by Karishma = 15.3

Question 11.
The sum of deviations of ‘n’ observations from 25 is 25 and sum of deviations of the same ‘n’ observations from 35 is – 25. Find the mean of the observations.
Solution:
From the value ’25’ the sum of deviations of a data = Σx₁ = 25
∴ Mean of the observation = 25 + \(\frac{\Sigma \mathrm{x}_{1}}{\mathrm{n}}\)
= \(25+\frac{25}{n}=\frac{25 n+25}{n}\)
From the value ’35’ the sum of deviations of a data = Σx₁ = -25
∴ Mean of the observation = 35 + \(\frac{\Sigma \mathrm{x}_{1}}{\mathrm{n}}\)
= \(35+\frac{-25}{n}=\frac{35 n+25}{n}\)
Mean of the given data

(Or)

Let x₁, x₂, x₃,…… x_n are the number of
deviations from 25
∴ Number of observations are
x₁ – 25, x₂ – 25, …………. x_n – 25
∴ Sum of the observations = 25
∴ x₁ – 25 + x₂ – 25 +…………. + x_n – 25 = 25
⇒ x₁+ x₂ + + x_n = 25 + 25n …………(1)
= 25 (n + 1)
Deviations from 35 are
x₁ – 35, x₂ – 35y …………., x_n – 35
∴ Sum of the deviations = – 25
∴ (x₁ – 35) + (x₂ – 35) + … (x_n – 35) = – 25
⇒x₁ + x₁ +………………….. + x_n = – 25 + 35 x n …………….(2)
From (1) and (2),
– 25 + 35n = 25 + 25n
⇒ 10n = 50
n = 5
∴ Mean of the observations

Question 12.
Find the median of the data ; 3.3, 3.5, 3.1, 3.7, 3.2, 3.8
Solution:
The ascending order of 3.3, 3.5, 3.1, 3.7, 3.2, 3.8 is 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.5, 3.7, 3.8
∴ n = 6 (is an even)
Median = Mean of \(\frac{n}{2},\left(\frac{n}{2}+1\right)\) terms
= \(\frac{6}{2}, ([latex]\frac{6}{2}\) + 1)[/latex]
= Mean of 3, 4 terms
= \(\frac{3.3+3.5}{2}\)
= \(\frac{6.8}{2}\) = 3.4

Question 13.
The median of the following observations, arranged in ascending order is 15. 10, 12, 14, x – 3, x, x + 2, 25.Then find x.
Solution:
Given observations are
10, 12, 14, x – 3,x ; x + 2, 25
⇒ n = 7 (is an odd)
∴ Median = \(\frac{n+1}{2}=\frac{7+1}{2}\) = 4th term
= x – 3
⇒ x-3 = 15
⇒ x = 15 + 3
∴ x = 18

Question 14.
Find the mode of 10, 12, 11, 10, 15, 20, 19, 21, 11, 9, 10
Solution:
The given observations are
10, 12, 11, 10, 15, 20, 19,21,11,9, 10
∴ The most frequently occurring observation is 10.
∴ Mode = 10

Question 15.
Mode of certain scores is x. 1f each score is decreased by 3, then find the mode of the new series.
Solution:
The mode of some observations is ‘x’. If ‘3’ is subtracted from every observa¬tion then the mode = x – 3

Question 16.
Find the mode of all digits used in Titing the natural numbers from 1 to 100.
Solution:
Natural numbers from 1 to 100 are 1,2,3, …………….99, 100
∴ It has no mode.
[ ∵ Every number appears only once]

Question 17.
Observations of a raw data are 5, 28, 15, 10, 15, 8, 24. Add four more numbers so that mean and median of the data remain the same, but mode increases by 1.
Solution:
The given observations are 5, 28, 15, 10, 15, 8, 24

Ascending order of the observations 5, 8, 10, 15, 15, 24, 28
Median = \(\frac{n+1}{2}=\frac{7+1}{2}\) = 4 th term
= 15 [n = 7 is an odd]
∴ Mode = 15
If 4 observations are inserted for the given data then mode increases by 1.
Let x₁ = x₂ = x₃ = x say .
∴ The mean
= \(\frac{x+x+x+x_{4}+10}{11}\) = 15
⇒ 3x + x₄ = 165 – 105 = 60
∴ 3x + x₄ = 60
If mode will increases by 1 then
x= 15 +1 = 16
∴ 3x + x₄ = 60
⇒ 3 x 16 + x₄ =60
⇒ x₄ = 60 – 48 = 12
∴ The required 4 observations are 12, 16, 16, 16

Question 18.
If the mean of a set of observations x₁, x₁ , x₁₀ is 20. Find the mean of x₁ + 4, x₂ + 8, x₃ + 12 , x₁₀ + 40.
Solution:
Mean of observations x₁, x₂……………….. ,x₁₀ is

= 20 + 2 × 11 = 20 + 22 = 42

Question 19.
Six numbers from a list of nine integers are 7,8,3, 5,9 and 5. Find the largest possible value of the median of all nine numbers in this list.
Solution:
The given 6 integers are 7, 8, 3, 5, 9, 5
Ascending order = 3, 5, 5, 7, 8, 9
Let the remaining 3 observations be x₁, x₂, x₃ say
Median of 3, 5, 5, 7, 8, 9, x₁, x₂, x₃ is
= \(\frac{n+1}{2}\) [ ∵ n is an odd (9)]
= \(\frac{9+1}{2}\) = 5th term = 8
∴ The largest possible median will be 8

Question 20.
The median of a set of 9 distinct observations is 20. If each of the largest 4 observations of the set is increased by 2, find the median of the resulting set.
Solution:
Let the 9 observations be x₁, x₂………..x₉ say
Median = \(\frac{n+1}{2}\) [∵ n = 9 is an odd]
= \(\frac{n+1}{2}\) = 5th term = x₅ = 20
∴ x₅ = 20
If 2 is added to the last 4 largest numbers then x₁, x₂, x₃, x₄, x₅, x₆ + 2 x₇ + 2, x₈ + 2, x₉ +2
∴ Median = \(\frac{n+1}{2}=\frac{9+1}{2}\) = 5th term
∴ x₅ = 20

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 24 Disaster Management.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions 24th Lesson Disaster Management

Question 1.
What do you know about Tsunami?
Answer:

1. A tsunami consists of a series of waves and the first wave may not be the largest. The danger from subsequent tsunami waves can last for several hours after the arrival of the first wave.
2. Tsunami can move at 50 km per hour on coastal plain, faster than a person can run.

Question 2.
What is IWMP?
Answer:
The government is implementing Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP) in drought prone areas to reduce the impact of droughts.

Question 3.
How was the disaster of ‘Budameru’ floods managed?
Answer:
The local government officials shifted the people to the schools and community halls in the area. They supplied food packets and drinking water. Some people donated bedsheets, old clothes to the needy. Thus the disaster was managed.

Question 4.
Have you ever observed any disaster in your locality? Explain.
Answer:
There is one ‘sponge dusters company’ in our area. There was a fire accident on some day evening. All the stock was burned within minutes. The workers also had small burns.

Question 5.
Write about the work of coastal tidal gauges.
Answer:
Coastal tidal gauges can stop tsunamis close to the shore, but they are useless in deep oceans.

Question 6.
What is the work of Tsunameters?
Answer:
They transmit warnings of buoys on the sea surface, which relay it to satellites.

Question 7.
Write about ‘Drought’.
Answer:
Drought is basically a disaster situation caused by lack of rainfall. The deficiency in rainfall is defined as meteorological drought.

Question 8.
Explain the types of disasters.
Answer:
Disasters can be categorised into various types based on the speed and origin/ cause.
A. Based on speed, a disaster can be termed as slow or rapid.

1. Slow onset disaster: A disaster that prevails for many days, months or even years like drought, environmental degradation, pest infection, famine are some examples of a slow onset disaster.
2. Rapid onset disaster: A disaster that is triggered by an instance causes shock. The impact of this disaster may be short lived or long-term. Earthquake, cyclone, flash floods, volcanic eruptions are some examples of rapid onset disasters.

B. Based on the cause, disaster can be natural or human induced.

1. Natural disaster: A natural disaster is an event that is caused by nature and leads to human, material, economic and environmental losses. The types of natural disasters:
   1. Earthquakes
   2. Cyclones
   3. Floods
   4. Droughts
   5. Tsunamis
   6. Land slides
   7. Volcanoes etc.
2. Human induced disasters: A serious disruption of normal life triggered by human- induced hazard causing human, material, economic and environmental losses, which exceed the ability of those affected to cope. Some examples are the 1984 Bhopal Gas tragedy, the 1997 Uphaar Cinema fire in Delhi, Rajdhani Express train derailment in 2002, Kumbakonam school fire tragedy in 2003, Jaipur serial blasts in 2008 etc.

Question 9.
What is disaster management?
Answer:
Disaster management covers the range of activities designed to maintain control over disasters/ emergency situations and to provide a framework for helping people to avoid, reduce the effects of, or recover from the impact of a disaster. These activities may be related to preparedness, mitigation, emergency response, relief and recovery (reconstruction and rehabilitation) and may be conducted before, during or after a disaster.

Question 10.
What measures should be taken before Tsunami?
Answer:

1. Find out if your home, school, work place, or other frequently visited locations are in tsunami hazard prone areas.
2. Plan evacuation routes from your home, school, work place or any other place you could be in where tsunamis present a risk.
3. Practice your evacuation routes
4. Have disaster supplies ready at hand.
5. Discuss tsunamis with your family.

Question 11.
What do you know about Tsunami?
Answer:

1. A tsunami consists of a series of waves and the first wave may not be the largest. The danger from subsequent tsunami waves can last for several hours after the arrival of the first wave.
2. Tsunami can move at 50 km per hour on coastal plain, faster than a person can run.
3. Tsunamis can occur at any time of day or night.

Question 12.
Write about ‘Drought’.
Answer:
Drought is basically a disaster situation caused by lack of rainfall. The deficiency in rainfall is defined as meteorological drought. While in a year, there may be normal rainfall, there might be a wide gap separating two consecutive spells of rain, resulting in crop failure which is termed as agricultural drought. Thus, the quantum as well as the distribution of rainfall are important.
Excess or deficient rainfall is determined by the percent variation from the average rainfall (of 70-100 years) as follows:
Excess + 20 percent or more of the average rainfall Normal + 19 percent to -19 percent of the average rainfall Deficient – 20 percent to -59 percent of the average rainfall Scanty – 60 percent or less of the average rainfall
Certain regions due to their geographical location are more likely to receive less rainfall. These are called ‘drought prone areas’.

Question 13.
What is the impact of drought?
Answer:
There is a sequential impact of drought:

1. Scarcity of drinking water; fall in water-table.
2. Decline in crop acreage.
3. Fall in employment in the agricultural sector due to slowing down of agricultural activity.
4. Fall in purchasing power of those engaged in agriculture.
5. Scarcity of food grains.
6. Scarcity of fodder.
7. Loss of cattle life.
8. Malnutrition, especially among children.
9.  ill health and spread of diseases like diarrhoea, dysentery or cholera and opthalmia caused by starvation.
10. Distress sale and mortgage of land, jewellery and personal property.
11. Migration of people in search of employment.

Question 14.
What is IWMP? What is its main objective?
Answer:
The government is implementing Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP) in drought prone areas to reduce the impact of droughts. The main objective is to strengthen the community and enable them to plan for proper utilisation of natural resources. Land use based on its capability helps in optimum use of land and water and can prevent misuse. The main activities include harvesting rain water in the fields, afforestation, promotion of crops/ trees that require less water and alternative livelihoods.

Question 15.
How can we cope with drought?
Answer:
Unlike sudden disasters drought being a slow onset disaster, gives us ample time for preparedness, response and mitigation. Monitoring and early warning enables timely action by decision makers at all levels. In areas that are normally affected by drought Government, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), local officials and other key players have taken the initiative to bring in awareness on water conservation strategies etc.

Question 16.
How should we harvest rainwater in urban areas?
Answer:
Rainwater harvesting: In urban areas all rainwater as it falls over roofs of houses should be harvested. The easiest thing is to divert it into soak pits for recharging of groundwater. The rainwater may also be stored in sumps/ tanks which are built for this purpose. In certain places, with simple filtering, rain water can be the best source of drinking water.

Question 17.
Do you suggest any precautions to the people?
Answer:
Precautions:

1. We should plan easy escape earlier.
2. Our daily necessaries should be maintained in a bag.
3. If the disaster is related to water, we should reach the highest and safest place in time.
4. Dry food should be stored.
5. Common and emergency medicines should be packed.
6. We should help the needy people.

Question 18.
Have you ever observed any disaster in your locality? Explain.
Answer:
There is one ‘sponge dusters company’ in our area. There was a fire accident on one evening. All the stock was burned within minutes. The workers also had small burns. They met a loss of Rs. 3,50,000/- due to this accident.

Question 19.
Find whether you are a water saver or spender with the help of the following questionnaire. Check how much water you can save and whether you are a water hero or villain!

Total the water you use and check your ranking:

• Eco Hero: <200 It.
• Water saver: 201 – 400 It.
• Water spender: 400 – 600 It.
• Water villain: >601 It.

Answer:
I am in the rank of an Eco Hero.

Question 19.
Read the following passage and answer the given questions.

Detecting Tsunamis:

With the use of satellite technology, it is possible to provide nearly immediate warning of potentially tsuna-migenic earthquakes. Warning time depends upon the distance of the epicenter from the coast line. The warning includes predicted times at selected coastal communities where the tsunami could travel in a few hours.
Coastal tidal gauges can stop tsunamis close to the shore, but they are useless in deep oceans. Tsunami detectors, linked to land by submarine cables, are deployed 50 odd kms out at sea. ‘Tsunameters’ transmit warnings of buoys on the sea surface, which relay it to satellites.

1. What is the technology mentioned here?
Answer:
Satellite technology.

2. On what does the warning time depend?
Answer:
Warning time depends upon the distance of the epicenter from the coast line.

3. What does the warning include?
Answer:
The warning includes predicted times at selected coastal communities where the tsunami could travel in a few hours.

4. Write about the work of coastal tidal gauges.
Answer:
Coastal tidal gauges can stop tsunamis close to the shore, but they are useless in deep oceans.

5. What is the work of Tsunameters?
Answer:
They transmit warnings of buoys on the sea surface, which relay it to satellites.

Question 20.
Read the following para and answer the questions.
The Teachers and students are an integral part of the community and have an important role to play in being prepared for disasters. Students are effective carrier of messages to educate their parents and the community. Teachers have an important responsibility to guide the students in this regard.

1. What is the importance of teachers and students?
Answer:
The teachers and students are an integral part of the community and have an important role to play in being prepared for disasters.

2. How are the students called effective carriers?
Answer:
Students are effective carriers of messages to educate their parents and the community.

3. What is the responsibility of teachers?
Answer:
Teachers have an important responsibility to guide the students in this regard.

Question 21.
Read the paragraph ‘Watershed development’ (in text page no : 259) and then prepare two questions.
Answer:

1. Who implements IWMP?
2. Write any two alternative livelihoods.

Question 22.
Observe the following map and answer the given questions.

1. Write the names of Tsunami affected areas.
Answer:
Alappuzha, Kollam, Kanyakurnari, Cuddlore, Nagapatnam, Chennai, Prakasam, Guntur, Krishna, West and East Godavari, Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram, West Bengal, Coastal re-gion and Andaman Nicobar islands.

2. On which coast are these areas located?
Answer:
Many areas are in the east coast and some are on the south coast.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 5 Forests: Using and Protecting Them.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions 5th Lesson Forests: Using and Protecting Them

Question 1.
What is a forest?
Answer:
A large tract of land covered by trees is called a forest.

Question 2.
Name some conservative centres of medicinal plants.
Answer:

1. Vali Sugriva Medicinal Plant Conservative Centre.
2. Koringa Medicinal Plant Conservative Centre.
3. Karthika Vanam.

These three are in East Godavari District.

Question 3.
“Every year about one hundred sq. kms of forests are lost in our state” – Is this a satisfactory situation?
Answer:
No, this is not a satisfactory situation. This affects our biodiversity, rainfall and soils etc. We can say this as critical condition.

Question 4.
Do you think it is possible for people to take care of forests and use them as well?
Answer:
It is possible. In present society many people are cultivating fruits and vegetables. They are protecting their gardens by selling the fruits and vegetables.

Question 5.
What would they have done if someone had tempted them to cut trees and sell them in the markets?
Answer:
They definitely oppose and reject the suggestion. Eg: All their festivals are related to trees. Mamidi panduga, Gongura panduga, Mutyalamma panduga etc. They may cut a branch or some else but not the trees. They don’t cut their home.

Question 6.
List all the causes for decline of forests in the last 200 years.
Answer:

1. Agriculture
2. Cattle rearing
3. Mega projects
4. Fires
5. Logging
6. Mangroves and shrimp farming
7. Mining oil and gas.

Question 7.
How can you say that the ‘Podu’ cultivation is responsible for decline of forests?
Answer:
We can say that ‘Podu’ is responsible for decline of forests. The tribals left their traditional food, and depended on crops. So the land in forests is changed as agriculture land.

Question 8.
Why do you think the government thought that forest was not important for tribal people’s development ?
Answer:
I think that the government had lost its foresight and thought that forest was not important for tribal people’s development.

Question 9.
How is the implementation of Forest laws in your area?
Answer:
The implementation of Forest laws are somehow nominal.

Question 10.
A few children in a school participated in Vanamahotsavam programme and they planted some saplings. How do you respond to this ?
Answer:
I appreciate this action very much. The children’s participation in this brightens the future of the country. But they should take care of their plants till they grow.

Question 11.
Name some conservative centres of medicinal plants.
Answer:

1. Vali Sugriva Medicinal Plant Conservative Centre.
2. Koringa Medicinal Plant Conservative Centre.
3. Karthika Vanam.

These three are in East Godavari District.

Question 12.
How is the implementation of Forest laws in your area? Though the laws are in vogue, the forests are disappearing day by day. What might be the reasons?
Answer:
The implementation of Forest laws are somehow nominal.
Reasons:
Mining people, rural people and others are misusing the forests. Lack of knowledge regarding forest protection might be one reason. The impurity in the politicians is also another cause. Some more reasons are also there.

Question 13.
Locate the following on the given India map.

1. Alpines of Himalayas
2. Kerala forests
3. Srikakulam
4. Anaimudi forests in western ghats
5. Dandakaranyam

Answer:

Question 14.
Observe the given map and answer the following questions.

1. Where/On which side are more forests located?
Answer:
North side.

2. Which area belongs to Pondicherry?
Answer:
Yanam

3. Where are thorny forests?
Answer:
In Rayalaseema (more)

4. Is there any district without forests?
Answer:
No, each and every district has more or less forests.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 4 The Polar Regions.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions 4th Lesson The Polar Regions

Question 1.
Which continent parts fail within this region?
Answer:
North America, Europe and some parts of Russia fall within this region.

Question 2.
What happens as we move away from the equator?
Answer:
Temperature falls when we move from the equator to the poles.

Question 3.
Who are called ‘Shamans’?
Answer:
The people skilled in performing rituals are called Shamans.

Question 4.
What is Polar region?
A. The region which lies near the poles is called the “polar region”.

Question 5.
What is Arctic Circle?
Answer:
The boundary of the polar region is known as the ‘Arctic Circle’.

Question 6.
What is called Tundra region?
Answer:
The northern part of the continents within the polar region is known as the Tundra.

Question 7.
What is the meaning of ‘Tundra’?
Answer:
Tundra means very cold.

Question 8.
What does the Eskimo religion show deep concern for?
Answer:
Eskimo religion shows deep concern for life, health, sickness, starvation and death.

Question 9.
What do all the Eskimos believe?
Answer:
All Eskimos groups believe in a supernatural power called Sila and spirits (such as Sedna, the goddess of life, health and food). They believe that people and animals have souls that live after death.

Question 10.
What is ‘taboo’?
Answer:
Taboo means forbidding certain actions, such as eating a particular kind of food.

Question 11.
When do the Eskimos celebrate ceremonies?
Answer:
They celebrate some major ceremonies, performed at birth and death or when hunting was very poor or very successful.

Question 12.
What do the ’Shamans’ do?
Answer:
Shamans use trances, drama and magic tricks in their performances.

Question 13.
What is called ‘Tundra Vegetation’?
Answer:
Tundra region is very cold. Since the tundra region gets very little sunlight, it has a unique type of vegetation known as the Tundra Vegetation.

Question 14.
What is called ‘Permafrost’?
Answer:
Due to the cold, the upper soil surface of the polar region is frozen into a rock-like state all through the year. This is called Permafrost.

Question 15.
Write about ‘Eskimos’.
Answer:
The most commonly accepted meaning of ‘Eskimo’ is “snowshoe-netter”. There are two main groups referred to as Eskimos : Inuit and Yupik. Inuit in their language means ‘the people’ or ‘the real people’. The Eskimos are descendants of Siberia, now a part of the Russia in northern Asia.

Question 16.
Who are called ‘Shamans’?
Answer:
The people skilled in performing rituals are called Shamans.

Question 17.
Match the following.
1) Kayak       ( ) A) The line where the land and sky meet.
2) Horizon    ( ) B) Boots
3) Taboo       ( ) C) Wooden boat
4) Mukluks   ( ) D) Language
5) Inupik       ( ) E) Ban
Answer:
1) C,
2) A,
3) E,
4) B,
5) D.

Question 18.
Observe the picture and write your opinion.

Answer:
This picture shows north polar region. The circles on this show latitudes and lines show longitudes. The place where the longitudes meet is called N pole. The southern tip of Greenland and about that is shown out of the globe. I think this is not correct. The earth is swollen at the equator and flat at the poles.

Question 19.
Praise the group life of Eskimos.
Answer:
Eskimos lead a group life. They lead a nomadic life. They share all their activities, food and shelters, and their joys, sorrows everything. They have such unity which we cannot see in the so-called civilized societies. Really we should praise it.

Question 20.
Collect the pictures or photographs of the flowers and animals of Tundra region and prepare an album.
Answer:

Question 21.
Conduct and furnish the details of an interview with an “Eskimo”.
Answer:
I: What is your good name?
E: Christopher.
I: What is your area?
E: Ours is northern region of Canada.
I: How many members are there in your family?
E: We are seven to eight members in our family but we live together with other families.
We are nearly 70 members in our group. We share each and everything.
I: Do you like your atmosphere?
E: Yes. I like it and I love it. This is my birth place. We don’t know any other climates. This snow, snow white, these lights, animals, our houses, our people, our traditions,
I like it.
I: If you have a chance to stay with us in our region, then what is your option ?
E: No, I don’t agree with this option. Definitely I will reject it. Because we live in nature
and we follow the law of nature. Our people who didn’t follow this rule, faced many problems. We are not fit for your regions. So I refuse this.
I: Thank you.
E: Thank you.

Question 22.
Read the following paragraphs and answer the questions given below.
You have seen the north pole and south pole on the globe. The region which lies near the poles is called the “polar region”. Look at Map. It shows the north pole and its surrounding regions. The entire polar region has been shaded lightly. Notice the boundary of this region. This is known as the ‘Arctic Circle’.
The northern part of the continents within the polar region is known as the Tundra. Tundra means very cold. Since the Tundra region gets very little sunlight, it has a unique type of vegetation known as the ‘Tundra Vegetation’.
1. What is Polar region?
Answer:
The region which lies near the poles is called the “polar region”.

2. What is Arctic Circle?
Answer:
The boundary of the polar region is known as the ‘Arctic Circle’.

3. What is called Tundra region?
Answer:
The northern part of the continents within the polar region is known as the Tundra.

4. What is the meaning of ‘Tundra’?
Answer:
Tundra means very cold.

5. What is meant by ‘Tundra Vegetation’?
Answer:
The Tundra region gets very little sunlight, it has a unique type of vegetation known as the ‘Tundra Vegetation’.

Question 23.
Read the following para and answer the given questions.
Religious Beliefs
Eskimo religion shows deep concern for life, health, sickness, starvation and death. The Eskimos believe that spirits control these things. All Eskimos groups believe in a supernatural power called Sila and spirits (such as Sedna, the goddess of life, health and food). They believe that people and animals have souls that live after death. But each group has certain beliefs and rituals of its own. Each person, family or group has taboos or bans, forbidding certain actions, such as eating a particular kind of food. Each group has some major ceremonies ^ado-med at birth and death or when hunting is very poor or very successful. Shamans (people skilled in performing rituals) are believed to help establish and keep a contact with the spirit world. Shamans use trances, drama and magic tricks in their performances.
1. What does the Eskimo religion show deep concern for?
Answer:
Eskimo religion shows deep concern for life, health, sickness, starvation and death.

2. What do ali the Eskimos believe?
Answer:
All Eskimos groups believe in a supernatural power called Sila and spirits (such as Sedna, the goddess of life, health and food). They believe that people and animals have souls that live after death.

3. What is ‘taboo’?
Answer:
Taboo means forbidding certain actions, such as eating a particular kind of food.

4. When do they celebrate ceremonies?
Answer:
They celebrate some major ceremonies, performed at birth and death or when hunting was very poor or very successful.

5. What do the ‘Shamans’ do?
Answer:
Shamans use trances, drama and magic tricks in their performances.

Question 24.
Draw the model of globe and identify Arctic Circle, poles and equator.
Answer:

Question 25.
Locate any five countries which lie in polar region in the given world map.
Answer:

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 23 Sports: Nationalism and Commerce.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions 23rd Lesson Sports: Nationalism and Commerce

Question 1.
What has been the relationship between the cricket and the idea of developing western culture?
Answer:
Cricket was invented in western country England. It was made popular in its colonial countries. Most of the changes were made by them only. So encouraging the cricket means the idea of developing western culture. This has been the relation.

Question 2.
What games do you play?
Answer:
Kho-kho, Volleyball and Badminton.

Question 3.
Think of some sports which only girls or only boys participate.
Answer:

1. Sport of only girls: Thokkudu billa
2. Sport of only boys: Marbles.

Question 4.
Appreciate the games and their supporters.
Answer:
Sports develop us mentally and physically. The government initiates various programmes for encouraging the children by recognizing their talent and interests at the school level. The government organises coaching classes to develop sports. For this, under the Ministry of Human Resources Development, the Department of Sports and Games trains the children to show their performance up to international levels. The skilled children are chosen and provided special training through sports councils. The government conducts Mandal, Division, District, State, Zonal and National level competitions. The winners are awarded with prizes and special coaches are appointed for their empowerment. These competitions are not organized for commercial purposes. They develop the cult towards sports and games aS well as international understanding, cultural development and universal brotherhood. Sports promote national integration in India, a multi cultural country.

Question 5.
Does a Nation’s prestige increase only by sports? Conduct a debate.
Answer:
Debate:
Ramya: Divya, do you know sports increases the prestige of the Nation!
Divya: May be, but other issues also should be considered for the increase of prestige of the Nation.
Ramya: What are those issues and why so ?
Divya: Because, the growth and development of the Nation not only depends on sports but on other issues like Education, IT, Business Management etc.
Ramya: Really!
Divya: Yes. Education is also important along with the sports.
Ramya: Ok. I agree with you.
Conclusion: A Nation’s prestige does not increase only by sports. It depends on so many issues.

Question 6.
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

Cricket in India:

Cricket fans know that watching a match involves taking sides. In a Ranji Trophy match, when Delhi plays against Mumbai, the loyalty of spectators depends on which city they come from or support. When India plays against Australia, the spectators watching the match on television in Hyderabad or Chennai feel involved as Indians – they are moved by nationalist loyalties. But through the early history of Indian first class cricket, teams were not organised on geographical principles. It was not till 1932 that a national team was given the right to represent India in a Test match. So how were teams organised and, in the absence of regional or national teams, how did cricket fans choose sides?

1. What do the fans know?
Answer:
Cricket fans know that watching a match involves taking sides.

2. What is the Ranji Trophy connected to?
Answer:
It is connected to the cricket.

3. When did India get a chance in Test matches?
Answer:
In 1932.

4. Whom do the fans support?
Answer:
The fans support their regional players.

Question 7.
2. Read the following passages and answer the questions that follow.
7 should, however, be exceedingly surprised and even painfully surprised, if I were told your boys were devoid of all game. If you have national games, I would urge upon you that yours is an institution that should lead in reviving old games. I know that we have in India many indigenous games just as interesting and exciting as they are inexpensive, because the cost is practically next to nothing.

Speech at Mahindra College, 24 November 1927, The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi.

A sound body means one which bends itself to the spirit and is always a ready instrument at its service. Such bodies are not made, in my opinion, on the football field. They are made on cornfield and farms. I would urge you to think this over and you will find innumerable illustrations to prove my statements. Our colonial-born Indians are carried away with this football and cricket mania. These games may have their place under certain circum¬stances… Why do we not take the simple fact into consideration that the vast majority of mankind who are vigorous in body and mind are simple agriculturists and that they are strangers to these games…?
Letter to Lazarus, 17 April 1915. The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, Vol.14.

1. Who gave the speech and where?
Answer:
It was given by Gandhiji at Mahindra College.

2. What games are there in our country?
Answer:
There are many traditional games in our country.

3. What is a sound body?
Answer:
A sound body means one which bends itself to the spirit and is always a ready instrument at its service.

4. Where are such bodies made?
Answer:
In cornfields and farms.

5. To whom was the letter written?
Answer:
To Lazarus.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 22 Film and Print Media.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions 22nd Lesson Film and Print Media

Question 1.
What are the similarities in a stage play and a film?
Answer:

1. Both give entertainment.
2. Both have actors.
3. Both are encouraged by the people.

Question 2.
With the help of your teacher discuss the changes in the livelihood opportunities from play to films.
Answer:
The persons who have good voice were encouraged as stage artists. But in films, their physical beauty was also taken for consideration. The stage artists made a beeline to the studios for a chance in films. Those who have chances in this field are settled well. Some have lost their wealth also.

Question 3.
Do you think any story or poem in your language textbook could be made into a small film? Can you think of various people you will need in making a film based on that?
Answer:
Yes. It could be made into a small film.
Producer, Director, Editor, Cameraman, Actors, Actresses, Junior artists, Singers, Musicians and other technicians are needed for this.

Question 4.
Ask your parents about the plays during their childhood.
Answer:
Bhuvana Vijayam, Chintamani, Kanyashulkam, Rakta Kanneeru etc., are the most popular plays in those days.

Question 5.
List at least two more films which tell about the freedom struggle.
Answer:
Bharatheeyudu, Mangal Pandey and Bhagath Singh.

Question 6.
What were the various forms of entertainment?
Answer:
Folk art forms, folk dances, classical dances, music, dramas etc.

Question 7.
When was ‘The Peking Gazette’ started?
Answer:
The Peking Gazette’ was started in the year 618.

Question 8.
Appreciate the cinema ‘Alluri Seetharamaraju’.
Answer:
“Alluri Seetharamaraju was filmed in 1974. The British passed the Forest Act in 1882 and were denying the tribals free movement in the forest and Podu cultivation. Raju led the tribals in protesting against the British harassment and raided several police stations, popular as Rampa Rebellion of 1922. They fought the British both with their traditional weapons and arms captured during the raids. The British deployed a company of Assam Rifles under Rutherford and ultimately killed Raju and all the tribal leaders including Ghantam Dora. The film apart from being a big commercial success won the National Best Lyric award for the song ‘Telugu Veera Levara’ by Srirangam Srinivasarao, popularly known as Sri Sri.

Question 9.
Is cinema knowledge giving or life spoiling? Conduct a debate.
Answer:
Student A: According to me movies are awesome and give as great fun.
Student B: In my opinion films are corrupting the truth.
Student: No, I don’t agree with this. Movies are good or bad according to oneself. It is ourselves who can extract good or bad morals from a movie.
Movies have become an integral part of life in today’s world. We cannot take this part out of our lives. It is teachers and parents who should guide the youth on which type of movies are to be seen and which are not.

Question 10.
Look at a News Paper and classify how the pages have been organised? What type of images and photograhs are used? How much space is given for advertisment? What issues are covered in the editorial?
Answer:
Photographs of:

1. Political
2. Accidental
3. Meetings
4. Films etc.

40% to 60% of the space is given to the ads.
Political issues are covered in the editorial.

Question 11.
Read the following para and answer the questions.

Cinema – form of entertainment:

Before the cinema ‘ were various forms of entertainment like folk an forms, folk dances, classical dances, music, dramas etc. But gradually, cinema became the major form of entertainment. The songs from films have a popularity of their own. Earlier radio and now television broadcast these songs independent of the movie. The actors have a following in the public and fan clubs have emerged. Popular dialogues from films have become a part of daily life. The style and dresses of the actors and actresses are imitated by the people. With the advent of TV, one need not go to a theatre to watch a movie. There are dedicated channels and time slots for telecasting films, songs, news about film industry etc.

1. What were the various forms of entertainment?
Answer:
Folk art forms, folk dances, classical dances, music, dramas etc.

2. Which have popularity?
Answer:
The songs from films have a popularity of their own.

3. Which broadcast songs?
Answer:
Radio and TV broadcast songs.

4. Which have become part of daily life?
Answer:
Popular dialogues from films have become part of daily life.

5. What are imitated by the people?
Answer:
The style and dresses of the actors and actresses are imitated by the people.

Question 12.
Read the following para and answer the questions.

Cinema and freedom movement:

Rangaiah is visibly excited even now when he talks about the films Mala Pilla and Ryhtu Bidda released in 1938 and 1939. Mala Pilla is a film about untouchability and about entry of dalits into the temple. The protagonist is Chowdarayya, a Gandhian, who preaches to the upper caste to mend their ways and exhorts the dalits to give up drinking and get educated. The priest’s son falls in love with a dalit girl. The priest’s wife, who is caught in a fire, is saved by a dalit, and that is when the priest realises that there should be no untouchability. The dalits are given entry into the temple and the marriage of the priest’s son and the dalit girl is blessed.

1. Who was Rangaiah?
Answer:
He was a character in the lesson.

2. What were the two cinemas?
Answer:
Malapilla and Rythu bidda.

3. What was Mala Pilla about?
Answer:
Mala Pilla was about untouchability and about entry of dalits into the temple.

4. Who was Gandhian?
Answer:
Chowdarayya

5. Who falls in love?
Answer:
The priest’s son falls in love.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 21 Performing Arts and Artistes in Modern Times.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions 21st Lesson Performing Arts and Artistes in Modern Times

Question 1.
What was the special role of the nattuvanars?
Answer:
The nattuvanars are the dance masters of devadasis. They were usually male children of devadasis. They maintained these traditions from generation to generation. They also trained the new dancers from other castes.

Question 2.
What changes do you see in the position of the artistes and the subject of their performances since the time of the national movement?
Answer:
After the national movement, their condition became worse. Nobody is there to encourage them. As a result the folk artists are facing a decline and crisis of livelihood.

Question 3.
Is it possible to orient folk arts to new requirements of modern life and revive them?
Answer:
I think it is impossible. Today the life style is very fast. The people who are stuck to the TVs and computers, may not be interested in these arts which are expensive.

Question 4.
Who is Nazar Vali?
Answer:
He was a Burrakatha artist.

Question 5.
Where did Nazar Vali start his profession?
Answer:
He started it with Tenali Balaratna Nataka Samajam.

Question 6.
Do you think it is important to preserve the folk art traditions when TV and films are becoming the dominant forms of entertainment? Give your reasons
Answer:
I think it is important to preserve it. Our customs and traditions are gifts from our ancestors. Mainly folk arts – These are our traditional entertainment. We should preserve them. They are the soul of nation.

Question 7.
Why do you think the nationalists and communists tried to revive and renew folk arts?
Answer:
Nationalists and communists encouraged these folk arts. They opposed the foreign arts and tried to revive and renew our folk arts.

Question 8.
Do you think institutions like Kalakshetra can help to revive folk arts too?
Answer:
Yes, they can help to revive folk arts too.
But they encourage the rich and the interested people only. They cannot render services to the real hires of the arts. Thus there are mixed results with this type of institutions.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 20 Understanding Secularism.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions 20th Lesson Understanding Secularism

Question 1.
In what way is Indian secularism different from that of other democratic countries?
Answer:
The governments of other democratic countries will not interfere in the religions of its people. But the Indian government interferes in the religious matters. Thus it is different from other democratic countries.

Question 2.
Can there be different views within the same religion?
Answer:
Yes. There can be different views within the same religion. Many religions in the world have different views.

Question 3.
Will the government intervene if some religious group says that their religion allows them to practise infanticide? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
The government intervenes in this issue.
Reasons:

1. In Indian secularism the state can intervene in religious affairs.
2. This interference will be according to the ideals of the Constitution.

Question 4.
What are the three main schools of thoughts in Buddhism?
Answer:

1. Theravada
2. Mahayana
3. Vajrayana

Question 5.
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
In February 2004, France passed a law banning students from wearing any conspicuous religious or political signs or symbols such as the Islamic headscarf, the Jewish skullcap, or large Christian crosses. This law has encountered a lot of resistance from immigrants who are mainly from the former French colonies of Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco. In the 1960s, France had faced a shortage of workers and, therefore, had provided visas for these immi
grants to come and work in the country. The daughters of these immigrants often wear headscaives while attending school. However, with the passing of this new law, they have been expelled from their schools for wearing headscatves.
1. What was the law?
Answer:
The law was to ban any conspicuous religious or political signs or symbols.

2. Who opposed the law?
Answer:
The immigrants of France opposed this.

3. When was the law passed?
Answer:
In February, 2004.

Question 6.
Read the first two paras and prepare two questions on this.
The most important aspect of secularism is its separation of religion from State power. This is important for a country to function democratically. Almost all the countries of the world will have more than one religious group living in them. Within these religious groups, there will most likely be one group that is in a majority. If this majority religious group has access to State power, then it could quite easily use its power and financial resources to discriminate against and persecute the persons of other religions. This tyranny of the majority could result in the discrimination, coercion and at times, even the killing of religious minorities. The majority could quite easily prevent minorities from practising their religions. Any form of domination based on religion is in violation of the rights that a democratic society guarantees to each and every citizen, irrespective of their religion. Therefore, the tyranny of the majority and the violation of Fundamental Rights that can result from it is one reason why it is important to separate the State and religion in democratic societies.
Another reason that it is important to separate religion from the State in democratic soci-eties is because we also need to protect the freedom of individuals to exit from their religion, embrace another religion or have the freedom to interpret religious teachings differently.
Answer:
1. What is the most important aspect of secularism?
2. Who were in majority in India?

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 19 Social and Religious Reform Movements.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions 19th Lesson Social and Religious Reform Movements

Question 1.
Compare the efforts of Narayana Guru and Jyotiba Phule. What similarities do you see between them?
Answer:

1. Both opposed caste system.
2. Both established many schools.
3. Both opposed the supremacy of Brahmins.

Question 2.
Recall the teachings of Buddha with regard to the caste system.
Answer:
Buddha preached that ‘All are equal’. He opposed caste and religious discriminations. He treated all his followers equal.

Question 3.
What are the similarities in the approaches of Gandhiji and Ambedkar towards dalits?
Answer:

1. Both worked for dalits.
2. Both were the members of Congress Party.

Question 4.
Do you find any religious idea advocated by the above reformers which was not part of the Bhakti Movement?
Answer:
No. All the reformers advocated the religious ideas of the Bhakti Movement only.

Question 5.
Do you think dalits have equal access to temples, water sources and schools today? What problems do they still face?
Answer:
At present dalits have equal access to temples, water sources and schools. To say frankly they have equal access and reservations also. So we can say that there were no social problems to them.

Question 6.
What did Ambedkar want to achieve through the temple entry movement?
Answer:
Ambedkar wanted to say that ‘All are equal before God and everyone has rights on God”.

Question 7.
Do you think today equal importance is given to the education of girls or do girls still face discrimination?
Answer:
Equal importance is given to girls education with boys. To be frank the girl enrolment is more than boys in some schools and colleges. But in some families girls face discrimination, mostly in some backward states.

Question 8.
What problems do girls face in getting educated which boys do not face?
Answer:

1. Girls are not encouraged for higher education.
2. Girls are not permitted to far off places for education.
3. Some courses are only meant for boys.

Question 9.
To what extent has the treatment of widows changed today?
Answer:
We can say that the attitude of the society is changed. Widows are treated equally with other women. Their elders are only arranging remarriages for them.

Question 10.
Do dalit girls and Muslim girls face special problems in education even today?
Answer:
Nowadays we seldom hear such a news from newspapers that dalit girls are facing some problems from others. They are also receiving education in classrooms along with others. Muslim girls also have separate schools. They are also studying without problems.

Question 11.
Who founded Brahmo Samaj in combined Andhra Pradesh?
Answer:
Veeresalingam founded Brahma Samaj in combined Andhra Pradesh.

Question 12.
On what did Veeresalingam concentrate all his efforts and energies?
Answer:
Veerasalingam concentrated all his efforts and energies on the widow remarriage and abolition of child marriage.

Question 13.
Why was Veeresalingam called ‘Gadya Tikkana’?
Answer:
He was called ‘Gadya Tikkana’ for his writings in prose.

Question 14.
How would the feeling that the dalits were the orginal inhabitants of Telangana and Andhra have helped in boosting the confidence of the dalits?
Answer:
The feeling would raise the confidence in dalits. This confidence would strengthen them in fighting against the discrimination. That led them to their success.

Question 15.
Did all women get the right to vote in independent India?
Answer:
Yes, all women get the right to vote in independent India.

Question 16.
Locate the following in the given India Map.

1. West Bengal
2. Punjab
3. Bombay
4. Aligarh
5. Bhopal
6. Kerala

Answer:

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 3 Earth Movements and Seasons.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions 3rd Lesson Earth Movements and Seasons

Question 1.
Can you relate what are the major seasons you have seen?
Answer:
The major seasons I have seen are Summer season, Rainy season and Winter season.

Question 2.
Write any two factors that influence the order of seasons.
Answer:
The factors are:
a) The spherical shape of the Earth and the curvature of its surface.
b) Daily rotation of the Earth on its own Axis.

Question 3.
From where can we see the axis of the earth?
Answer:
The axis of the earth is an imaginary line. We cannot see it.

Question 4.
What are the reasons behind the formation of seasons?
Answer:
Earth’s revolution and inclination of the axis are the reasons behind it.

Question 5.
What happens if there are no seasons?
Answer:
If there are no seasons, there will be no life on the earth.

Question 6.
Find out if Andhra Pradesh is in the Tropical Belt or in the Temperate Beit.
Answer:
Andhra Pradesh is extended between 18°N to 79°N latitude (approximately). It is in Tropical Belt.

Question 7.
Will the Sun shine directly on our heads in Andhra Pradesh during any month? If yes, in which month?
Answer:
The Sun’s rays fall straightly on Andhra Pradesh in the month of May.

Question 8.
Find out in which belt is Delhi and if it would receive snowfall in winters.
Answer:
Delhi is located between 28°22″ N. latitude and 28°54″ N. latitude. It is in Temperate Belt. It records low temperatures but there is no snowfall.

Question 9.
The earth is rotating daily in such a high speed. But why don’t we feel this?
Answer:
The earth is rotating in such a speed with all its – atmosphere, human, animal and plant kingdoms. So we don’t feel this.

Question 10.
Appreciate the rotation and revolution.
Answer:
The Earth is rotating and revolving since her birth without any rest. If it stops for a while, the life on the Earth may get disappeared. So a lot of thanks to Mother Earth.

Question 11.
Which season is important out of all the seasons?
Answer:
All the seasons are important. The existence of all the seasons only supports the life on the earth.

Question 12.
What are the factors that influence the order of seasons?
Answer:
The factors that influence the order of seasons are:

1. The spherical shape of the Earth and the curvature of its surface.
2. Daily rotation of the Earth on its own Axis.
3. The tilt of the Axis of rotation compared to the plane on which the Earth moves.
4. The Earth’s movement around the Sun once a year (revolution).

Question 13.
From where can we see the axis of the earth?
Answer:
The axis of the earth is an imaginary line. We cannot see it.

Question 14.
The earth is rotating daily in such a high speed. But why don’t we feel this?
Answer:
The earth is rotating in such a speed with all its – atmosphere, human, animal and plant kingdoms. So we don’t feel this.

Question 15.
Appreciate the rotation and revolution.
Answer:
The Earth is rotating and revolving since her birth without any rest. If it stops for a while, the life on the Earth may get disappeared. So a lot of thanks to Mother Earth.

Question 16.
Which season is important out of all the seasons?
Answer:
All the seasons are important. The existence of all the seasons only supports the life on the earth.

Question 17.
Draw the important latitudes.
Answer:

Question 18.
Draw the temperature belts on the earth.
Answer:

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 18 Rights Approach to Development.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions 18th Lesson Rights Approach to Development

Question 1.
What would give the poor people like Pavan and his mother a life with dignity?
Answer:
“Work hard – Lead the life”.
This only gives them a life with dignity.

Question 2.
Whose duty is it to ensure that Pa van and his mother are able to live a life of dignity and freedom?
Answer:
It is the duty of the society and the government to ensure that Pavan and his mother are able to live a life of dignity and freedom.

Question 3.
What are the arguments of people in “disclosing the information?”
Answer:
Their arguments are as follows.

1. Information is crucial to the human development, and democratic rights. People can participate in government and ensure just development only if they have sufficient information in the form of official documents.
2. Information will make governments more accountable in their functioning. It is possible to monitor the functioning and check possibility of corrupt practices. Information is crucial to the survival of the poor.
3. In a situation where information has to be made public, arbitrary decisions by the elected representatives or the officials can be controlled.

Question 4.
How did the movement begin for disclosing information?
Answer:
A group of people in Rajasthan, organised themselves under the banner of Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS) and demanded information. There was no legal provision to get the details of information as mentioned in the above paragraph from government to the people. Initially, these documents were collected with the help of officials. People evaluated these documents through public meetings. Soon officials began to resist the idea of disclosing the information. This led to a people’s movement.

Question 5.
Write about six main points of RTE.
Answer:
Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009
The RTE Act is meant for providing free and Compulsory Education to all Children in the age group of 6 – 14 years and came into force from 1st April 2010.
Important provisions of RTE Act

• Ensure availability of schools within the reach of the children.
• Improve School infrastructure facilities.
• Enroll children in the class appropriate to his / her age.
• Children have a right to receive special training in order to be at par with other children.
• Providing appropriate facilities for the education of children with special needs on par with other children.
• No child shall be liable to pay any kind of fee or charges or expenses which may prevent him or her from pursuing and completing the elementary education. No test for admitting the children in schools.

Question 6.
Comment this figure.

Answer:
There is an old lady in this picture. She belongs to a poor family. All the vessels are empty. We can see the rice in a vessel in a small quantity. The woman is also very weak due to lack of food. It is because of monsoon failure. She is a victim of famine.

Question 7.
Read the following passages and answer the given questions.
Answer:
Pavan is a boy of about 13 years, who lives with his mother. He lives in a temple town visited by a large number of pilgrims. Pavan stands outside the temple gate and begs the pilgrims for food by falling at their feet. Sometime, some of them give him stale left over food from their tiffin boxes. Sometimes, he carries heavy bags for them and is paid a small amount.

His mother works in a house as domestic help. She works almost for twelve hours everyday, through out the month. She is constantly ordered about by her employers including young children. She is given left over food after everyone else has eaten. She is not allowed to sit before the employers, and has to always talk to them meekly. She is often insulted for some minor errors or delays and has to fight back her tears and anger lest she be thrown out of job.
1) How old is Pavan?
Answer:
He is 13 years old.

2) Why do the people give Pavan some money?
Answer:
Sometimes he lifts heavy bags for them. So they give Pavan some small amount.

3) What does his mother do?
Answer:
She works in a house as domestic help.

4) Try to write any two of her problems.
Answer:

1. She is not allowed to sit before the employers.
2. She is often insulted for some minor errors.

5) Why does Pavan fall at their feet?
Answer:
To create pity and sympathy in the minds of pilgrims for money.

Question 8.
Read the following passage and answer the given questions.
JAN SUNVAYI: MKSS used to conduct meetings, called ‘jan sunvayi’ (or people’s hearings). It is true that many people cannot read the government documents themselves. But every person in a village would like to know what the documents say. Thus, these were read out and explained. A muster roll would give names of people for whom wages were paid for making a hand-pump. The villagers can identify if the people mentioned in the muster roll were present during those days or were migrants, or if they were paid the amount stated in the document. This would bring out the corrupt in practices. Through these events people brought in necessary action. Officials were also given opportunity to defend and talk about the details given in the documents. The district administration and panchayat officials also participated in these meetings. When corruption was identified, criminal cases were registered against the concerned persons.

1) What is the meaning of ‘Jan Sunvayi’?
Answer:
It means people’s hearings.

2) Why do they read out the documents?
Answer:
Many people cannot read the government documents, so they read out.

3) What is a muster roll?
Answer:
It is an attendance register.

4) What did they do through these events?
Answer:
Through these events they brought in necessary action.

5) When did they register criminal cases?
Answer:
When corruption was identified, they registered criminal cases.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 17 Understanding Poverty.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class Social Studies Important Questions 17th Lesson Understanding Poverty

Question 1.
What is the average calorie intake of persons in the top quarter in the country?
Answer:
The average calorie intake of persons in the top quarter in the country is 2521.

Question 2.
By what percentage does the calorie intake of persons in the bottom quarter fall short of the daily calorie standard?
Answer:
23% of the calorie intake of persons in the bottom quarter fall short of the daily calorie standard.

Question 3.
Do you find any relationship between economic background of person and his/her nutritional status?
Answer:
Yes, I find the relationship between economic background of person and his/her nutritional status. If the economic standard is less, the nutritional status is also low and vice versa.

Question 4.
What do you think can be done such that Ramachari and his family get two square meals a day?
Answer:
Ramachari should also go to the nearest town with his wife for daily works. Then only he and his family can get two square meals a day.

Question 5.
How would you describe the exchange between Ramachari and the farmers in the village?
Answer:
I discribe the exchange between Ramachari and the farmers in the village as follows:
“One for all and all for one”.

Question 6.
Why do you think the MNREGA places priority on provision of irrigation facility to land owned by households belonging to the SCs and STs?
Answer:
The government sanctioned some funds for the development of SCs and STs from many years. These funds were remained unused. So these are used for irrigation and drinking water facilities to them only. With this they feel self-reliance.

Question 7.
Why do you think the calorie intakes of the people are so low?
Answer:
As they have low earnings, they cannot purchase costly foods which have high calories. They cannot eat and cannot work. So they.are habituated to eat stomachful of food, e.g.: Rice & chutney / rice & curry or rice & sambar.
So they are taking so low calories.

Question 8.
Do you think the poor will be served better now with new policy? Provide reasons in favour of your answer.
Answer:
I think that the poor will be served better now with new policy.
Reasons:

1. The government takes back the white cards from ineligibles.
2. So the provisions are supplied only to the poor and the poorest.

Question 9.
Ration shops are also called fair price shops. Can you guess why?
Answer:
The provisions in ration shops are available at low prices when compared to open market. So they are called fair price shops.

Question 10.
Why are people without employment also often without assets, such as land, cattle, shops etc.?
Answer:
The people those who have no employment cannot save their earnings. Without savings they cannot purchase assets. So they do not have assets.

Question 11.
Read the paragraph under the heading ‘Why Poverty? How can it be eliminated?’ and answer the following: What are the other reasons for poverty?
Answer:
The other reasons for poverty:

1. Big families
2. Only one person works hard in the family while all others eat.
3. Lack of chances according to their capacity or eligibility.
4. Less wages / salaries.

Question 12.
Give your comments on the given picture.
Answer:
This picture belongs to ‘Mid day meals scheme’. The girls are the beneficiaries of this scheme. In some poor families, children are not provided nutrious food and they are often suffered from hunger. The children studying in government schools, especially from such families will get benefited by this scheme. Undernourished children do not grow as quickly as healthy children. They will feel hard to study, work or otherwise perform physical activities. Mentally, they may develop more slowly. Keeping all these in view, the government is implementing Mid-day meal scheme for the well-being of the children belonging to poor families.

Question 13.
Observe the graph and answer the following questions.

1. Who are taking more calories?
Answer:
The rich

2. What is the difference between the top quarter and second quarter in calories?
Answer:
621 calories.

3. Who are taking least calories?
Answer:
The bottom quarter

4. What do you understand by observing this picture?
Answer:
Economic standard dictates the nutrition status.

Question 14.
Activity: One way to find out if adults are undernourished is to calculate what Nutrition Scientists call Body Mass Index (BMI). This is easy to calculate. Measure the weight of the person in kgs. Then measure the height in metres. Divide the weight by the square of the height. If this figure is less than 18.5 then the person would be considered undernourished. However, if this BMI is more than 25, then a person is overweight. Do remember that this criterion is not applicable to growing children.
Let each student in the class find out the weight and height of three adult persons of different economic backgrounds like office workers, servants, business person etc. Collect the data from all the students and make a combined table. Calculate their BMI.
Answer:

Question 15.
Read the following passage and answer the given questions.
The poorest families are issued Antyodaya cards. Next, the people whose situations are slightly better but still can be considered poor are issued BPL (Below Poverty Line) cards. The remaining families are issued APL (Above Poverty Line) cards.
Quantities and prices of ration given to each cardholder are different. For example, the Antyodaya cardholders are entitled to get 35 kgs of foodgrains (rice and wheat) per month per family. The BPL cardholders in Andhra Prasdesh can receive 4 kgs of foodgrains per head not exceeding 20 kgs per family. The Annapurna Scheme card holders who are the poorest of the poor (Indigent senior citizens) get 10 kgs of rice free of cost.
1. Who are issued Antyodaya cards?
Answer:
The poorest families.

2. Which colour cards are issued to BPL families?
Answer:
White cards.

3. What is meant by BPL?
Answer:
Below Poverty Line.

4. How much food grains can receive the BPL card holders in Andhra Pradesh?
Answer:
4 kgs of food grains per head.

5. Who are the Annapurna scheme card holders?
Answer:
The poorest of the poor (Indigent senior citizens).