AP SSC 10th Class Physics Important Questions Chapter 7 Human Eye and Colourful World

AP State Board Syllabus AP SSC 10th Class Physical Science Important Questions Chapter 7 Human Eye and Colourful World.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class Physics Important Questions 7th Lesson Human Eye and Colourful World

10th Class Physics 7th Lesson Human Eye and Colourful World 1 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Define the power of lens. (AP June 2016)
The reciprocal of focal length is called “power of lens”.

Question 2.
What physical quantity can be found in an experiment done with prism? (AP June 2017)

1. Angle of deviation.
2. Refractive index of a prism.

Question 3.
What is the relation between Power and Focal length of the lens? (AP June 2018)
$$P=\frac{1}{f(\text { in metres })}$$ (OR) $$P=\frac{100}{f(\text { in cms })}$$

Question 4.
Draw the diagram of a lens which will be recommended by an eye doctor to a long sighted patient. (TS June 2015)

The lens is convex lens.

Question 5.
What is the cause of Presbyopia? (TS March 2015)
Presbyopia is vision defect when the ability of accommodation of the eye decreases with ageing.

Question 6.
Draw a ray diagram to show the angle of deviation when a ray of light passes through a glass prism. (TS March 2015)

d = angle of deviation

Question 7.
Suggest reasons for the phenomenon associated with the following. The sky appearing blue. (TS March 2015)
The reason for blue sky is due to the scattering of light by the molecules of N2 and O2 whose size is comparable to the wavelength of blue light.

Question 8.
+50 cm focal length bi-convex lens is recommended to correct the defect of vision of a mart. Find the power of the lens. (TS June 2016)
f = +50 cm
Power (P) = $$\frac{100}{\mathrm{f}}$$ D (in cm); P = $$\frac{100}{50}$$ = 2 D
Power of the bi-convex lens is 2D.

Question 9.
What happens if the eye lens of a person cannot accommodate its focal length more than 2.4 cm? (TS March 2017)
The person can able to see certain distance only he cannot see distance objects. For correction, he should use concave lens.

Question 10.
Write the reason for Sun appears red during the Sun-rise and Sun-set. (TS June 2018)
Due to the high velocity (wave length) of red right, it reaches our eye without under go scattering. So, sun appears red during sunrise and sunset.

Question 11.
A person is unable to see distant objects. Show the defect of vision of the person with the help of ray diagram. (TS March 2018)
1) His vision defect is myopia.
2) Ray diagram

Question 12.
Which molecules of atmosphere act as scattering centres are responsible for the blue sky? (TS June 2019)
Oxygen and Nitrogen molecules.

Question 13.
Write any one application of a prism. (AP SA-I; 2019-20)

1. Prism is used in scopes like binoculars, telescopes and light houses.
2. Prism is used to create artificial rainbow.

Question 14.
Mention the function of retina in a human eye.
It acts as a screen, (which the image is formed) for image formed.

Question 15.
State the role of ciliary muscles in accommodation.
It can adjust the focal length of the eye lens.

Question 16.
Why is normal eye not able to see clearly the objects kept closer than 25 cm?
The maximum accommodation of a normal human eye is reached when the object is at a distance of 25 cm from the eyes. The focal length of the eye lens cannot be decreased this minimum limit.

Question 17.
What is “Power of accommodation of the eye” (or) “Least distance of clear vision”?
The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length to see nearby and distant objects clearly.

Question 18.
What is “Iris” and “Pupil”?
Iris :
The muscular diaphragm between the aqueous humour and the lens is called ‘iris’. Iris is the coloured part that we see in an eye.

Pupil:
The small hole in iris is called ‘pupil’.

Question 19.
What are three common defects of vision?
The common defects of vision are i) Myopia ii) Hypermetropia iii) Presbyopia.

Question 20.
What is “Far point”?
The point of maximum distance at which the eye lens can form an image on retina is called ‘far point’.

Question 21.
What is power of lens?
The reciprocal of focal length is called power of lens. Power of lens focal length = $$\frac{1}{\text { focal length }}$$

Question 22.
What is the function of pupil in human eye?
It allows the light falling on iris.

Question 23.
What is the purpose of human eye?
The purpose of eye is to see and perceive the objects around us.

Question 24.
What is the principle of the working of human eye?
It acts as camera having a lens system forming an invented real image on the light sensitive screen, retina.

Question 25.
What is the nature of the image formed on the retina?
Real, inverted and same sized.

Question 26.
What is meant by dispersion of light?
The splitting of white light into its component colours when it passes through the prism is called dispersion of light.

Question 27.
On which factors does the colour of the scattered white light depend?

1. Angle of scattering
2. Distance travelled by light
3. Size of the molecules.

Question 28.
Why is normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm?
The focal length of eye lens cannot decrease below 25 cm.

Question 29.
A person is advised to wear spectacles with concave lenses. What type of defect of vision is he suffering from?
Myopia (or) short sightedness.

Question 30.
A person suffering from an eye-defect uses lenses of power – 1D. Name the defect he is suffering from and the nature of lens is used.
Defect:
Myopia, Nature of lens, Concave/divergence.

Question 31.
Name the two phenomena involved in the formation of rainbow.
Dispersion of light and internal reflection.

Question 32.
Identify the following part of the human eye.
1. Where is image of an object formed?
2. Which controls size of pupil?

1. Image of an object is formed on retina.
2. Iris controls the size of pupil.

Question 33.
What is the relation between power of lens and focal length (f)?
Power of lens (concave/convex)
$$P=\frac{1}{f(\text { in metres })}$$ (OR) $$P=\frac{100}{f(\text { in cms })}$$

Question 34.

1. When a light travels from rarer to denser medium, it bends towards the normal.
2. And from denser to rarer medium, it moves away from the normal.

Question 35.
What is sclerotic?
It is the outermost covering of the eye. It protects the vital internal parts of the eye.

Question 36.
What is “Retina”?
Retina is the internal part and the light sensitive surface of the eye. It is equivalent to the photographic film in a camera.

Question 37.
What is “Atmospheric refraction”?
When the light rays pass through the atmosphere having layers of different densities and refractive indices, refraction of light takes place. This refraction of light by the earth’s atmosphere is called atmospheric refraction.

Question 38.
What is a “Telescope”?
The instrument which is used to see the distant objects such as a star, planet (moon, sun) or distant tree is called telescope.

Question 39.
Have you seen a rainbow in the sky after rain? How is it formed?

1. A rainbow is a natural spectrum of sunlight in the form of bows appearing in the sky when the sun shines on raindrops after the rain.
2. It is formed due to reflection, refraction and dispersion of sunlight by tiny water droplets present in the atmosphere.

Question 40.
“To look at the twinkling of stars is a wonderful experience.” How does it happen?
The continuous changing atmosphere (due to varying atmospheric temperature and density) refracts the light from the stars by varying amounts and in different directions from one moment to the next.

Question 41.
Some things appear blue on a misty day. Give two examples.

1. The long distance hills covered with thick growth of trees appear blue.
2. The smoke coming from a cigarette or an incense stick (agarbatti) appears blue on a misty day.

Question 42.
Which coloured suits do rescue workers wear?
Rescue workers wear orange coloured suits during any rescue operations.

Question 43.
Which colour is best for school buses?
Orange or yellow colour is best for school busses.

Question 44.
What is persistence of vision?
The time for which the sensation of vision (of an object) continues in the eye is called persistence of vision. It is about 1/16th part of a second.

Question 45.
Why can’t some people identify some colours?
Rods identify the colours in the retina. If some rods are absent, the distinction of colours is not possible. In such cases, persons can’t identify some colours.

Question 46.
Write the reasons for colour blindness.

1. Absence of colour responding rod cells in the retina.
2. Due to genetic disorder.

Question 47.
Why does it take some time to see objects in a dim room when we enter the room from bright sunlight outside?
In bright light, the size of the pupil is small to control the amount of light entering the eye. When we enter a dim room, it takes some time so that the pupil expands and allows more light to enter and helps to see things clearly.

Question 48.
What is tyndall effect?
The phenomenon of scattering of white light by colloidal particles is known as ‘Tyndall effect”.

Question 49.
Give two examples illustrating “Tyndall effect”.

• A fine beam of sunlight entering a smoke filled room through a hole. Smoke particles scatter the white light and hence the path of light beam becomes visible.
• Sunlight passing through the trees in forest.
• Tiny water droplets through the trees in forest.

Question 50.
An eye camp was organised by the doctors in a village. What were the benefits to organise such camps in rural areas?

1. To make people aware of eye diseases
2. To take proper and balanced diet.

Question 51.
What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye?
In the eye, the image distance (distance between eye lens and retina) is fixed and it cannot be changed. So when we increase the distance of an object, there is no change in the image distance.

Question 52.
Why is a normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm?
The maximum accommodation of a normal eye is at a distance of 25 cm from the eye.
The focal length of the eye lens cannot be decreased below this. Thus an object placed closer than 25 cm cannot be seen clearly by a normal eye.

Question 53.
Write the relation between intensity of scattered light (I) and wavelength (λ).
Light of short wavelength is scattered more than the light of long wavelength.
i.e., Intensity of scattered light (I) ∝ $$\frac{1}{\text { wavelength }(\lambda)}$$

Question 54.
Why would the sky look dark if the earth had no atmosphere?
If the earth has no atmosphere, no particles present either. Thus no scattering of light. Then, the sky appears dark.

Question 55.
Why do different coloured rays deviate differently in the prism?
Because the angle of refraction of different colours is different while passing through the glass prism.

Question 56.
What prevents rainbow from being seen as complete circles?
The earth comes in the way of the rainbow and prevents it to form a complete circle.

Question 57.
When a monochromatic light passes through a prism will it show dispersion?
No, it will not show any dispersion but show deviation.

Question 58.
Will a star appear to twinkle if seen from free space (say moon)?
No, because there is no atmosphere in free space for refraction to take place.

Question 59.
A short-sighted person may read a book without spectacles. Comment.
The statement is true, because a short-sighted person has difficulty in observing far off objects.

Question 60.
What is angle of vision?
The maximum angle, at which we can see the whole object is called angle of vision.

Question 61.
What is cornea?
The front curved portion of eye, which is covered by a transparent protective membrane is called the cornea.

Question 62.
Which lens do you use to correct the eye defect, Myopia?
Bi-concave lens are used to correct the eye defect, Myopia.

Question 63.
What happens to power of lens if (i) focal length is increased, (ii) focal length is decreased?

1. If focal length is increased, then power of lens decreases.
2. If focal length is decreased, then power of lens increases.

Question 64.
What type of image is formed by magnifying glass?
It forms virtual, erect and magnified image.

Question 65.
How is power of lens related to its focal length?
Power of lens is inversely proportional to its focal length.

Question 66.
What is “Scattering of light”?
The process of re-emission of light in all directions with different intensity is called scattering of light. The re-emitted light is called scattered light.

Question 67.
Ramu is unable to see letters on the blackboard sitting at the last bench in the class¬room. What is the defect from which Ramu is suffering?
Ramu is suffering from Myopia.

Question 68.
Vinay is able to read letters in a book beyond certain distance from least distance of distinct vision. What is the eye defect of Vinay?
Vinay is suffering from Hypermetropia.

Question 69.
How can an eye lens accommodate its focal length?
To see an object comfortably and distinctly, one must hold at a distance about 25 cm from his/her eyes. This distance is called least distance of distinct vision.

Question 70.
Write the uses of “rods” and “cones”.
Retina contains about 125 million receptors called rods and cones. Rods identify the colour and cones identify the intensity of light.

Question 71.
Frame some questions, that you are going to ask your friend who is suffering from eye sight.

1. Are you not able to see near objects or far objects?
2. Are you not able to see both near and far objects?

Question 72.
Write some more examples to find dispersion of light as VIBGYOR.

1. Formation of rainbow.
2. When white light passes through water drop.

Question 73.
Why do stars twinkle?
Due to change in atmospheric conditions, density changes so position keeps on changing.

Question 74.
“Sky appears dark to passengers flying at very high altitudes.” Why?
At very high altitude, there is no atmosphere. So there is no scattering of light at such heights. So sky appears dark to passengers.

Question 75.
Why are danger signals red? (OR) Why are danger signals shown in red colour?
Among the colours of visible light, red has more wavelength and least scattered. Thus, red colour can easily go through fog or mist or smoke without getting scattered. It can be seen from long distance. So red colour is used in universal danger signal.

Question 76.
How can you identify regarding the type of defect a person is suffering from by physically touching his spectacles?
By touching the spectacles we can find out whether the lens is concave or convex lens and hence the defect from which he suffers.

Question 77.
A person cannot see objects beyond 1-2 m distinctly. What should be the nature of the defect and what type of lens should be used to correct the defect?
The person is suffering from Myopia. It can be corrected by using concave lens.

Question 78.
How do you appreciate the working of “Retina”?

1. It is the innermost delicate membrane having a large number of receptors called ‘rods’ and ‘cones’.
2. The rods identify the colour and the cones identify the intensity of light.
3. The retina is a part on which the image of an object is formed.

Question 79.
How do you appreciate the working of “Optic nerve”?

1. Optic nerve consists of a large number of fibres.
2. These optic nerve fibres are connected to the rods and cones.
3. Optic nerve fibers transmit the light signals to the brain.

Question 80.

1. The people aw;are about donation of organs after their death.
2. Sympathetic nature towards others.

Question 81.
An eye donation camp is being organised by social workers in your locality. How and why would you help in this cause?

1. We can intimate other people to participate in the camp.
2. As a human being, we should also register our eyes for donation after death.

Question 82.
A short sighted person cannot see clearly beyond 2m. Calculate the power of lens required to correct his vision.

Question 83.
How does the power of a lens change if its focal length is doubled?
The power get halved.

Question 84.
A person cannot see distinctly objects kept beyond 2m. Which among these lens is useful to correct the defect
a) – 0.2D
b) – 0.5 D
c) + 0.2D
d) +0.5D?
The person is suffering from Myopia.
The lens is concave and its focal length f = – 2m.
$$P=\frac{1}{5}=\frac{1}{-2}=-0.5 D$$
So to correct the defect concave lens of – 0.5 D power should be used (b).

Question 85.
Express the power of concave lens of focal length 20 cm with its sign.

10th Class Physics 7th Lesson Human Eye and Colourful World 2 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How do you appreciate the working of iris in the eye? (AP June 2018)
Iris helps in controlling the amount of light entering the eye through pupil.

Question 2.
What is the reason for the blue colour of the sky? (AP March 2018)
How do you appreciate the role of molecules in the atmosphere in this regard?
Blue colour of sky :

1. Atmosphere contains more O2 and N2 molacules and they are caused to blue colour of the sky.
2. The size of molecules of O2 and N2 are comparable with the blue colour and scatter blue colour only.

Role of molecules in the atomosphere in scattering :

1. Light of certain frequency falls on that atom or molecule.
2. This molecule responds to the light whenever the size of the molecule is comparable to the wavelength of light and vibrates.
3. Due to these vibration, molecule reemits a certain fraction of absorbed energy in all directions. The emitted light is called scattered light.
4. The atoms or molecules are called scattering centres.
5. I appreciate the role of the molecules in scattering.

Question 3.
In which conditions does a rainbow form? Why? (TS June 2015)
1) Rainbow forms and appears when,
i) tiny water droplets present in the atmosphere (after rain shower),
ii) sunlight falls on the droplets,
iii) observer watches the rainbow in a specific direction.
2) Rainbow forms due to dispersion of sunlight by tiny droplets, present in the atmosphere, which acts as small prisms.

Question 4.
Draw the ray diagram, showing the correction of defect of vision hyper metropia by using a convex lens. (TS June 2016)

Question 5.
Least distance of distinct vision of a person is observed as 35 cm. What lens is useful for him to see his surroundings clearly? Why? (TS March 2016)
The least distance of distinct vision is 35 cm. This is more than the least distance of distinct vision of an ordinary person. Hence the person is suffering from Hypermetropia. He has to use double convex lens to see his surroundings clearly.

Question 6.
What happens, if Ciliary muscles do not perform contraction and expansion? Guess and write. (TS June 2018)

1. If Ciliary muscles do not perform contraction and expansion, foal length of eye lens do not change.
2. Human eye can see the objects at specific distance only, eye cannot see the object either nearer or far distance.

Question 7.
Write any two situations to observe dispersion of light in your daily life. (TS June 2018)
We can observe the dispersion of light in the following situations in our daily life.

1. In the formation of rainbow.
2. When observing sun light through the triangular transparent material like prism, scale edge.
3. At the time of curing of walls of new houses with water.
4. Dispersion of light by inclained plane mirror which is in water.

Question 8.
Write the material that you use to find out the value of refractive index of a prism. What is the necessity of the graph in this experiment? (AP March 2019)
The material used to find out the value of refractive index of a prism:
Prism, Piece of white chart, Pencil, Pins, Scale and Protractor.

Necessity of the graph :
To find the angle of minimum deviation graph is required.

Question 9.
Draw a ray diagram showing the correction of myopia eye defect. (TS March 2019)
Diagram of Myopia correction :
Note : Draw the diagram using Bi Concave Lens and show the far point (M). Image should form on Retina.

Question 10.
What happen if dispersion and scattering of light do not occur? (TS March 2019)
If dispersion does not occur in nature, then there is no rainbow formation and splitting of light into seven different colors. If there is no scattering then the oceans and sky appears to be black. The sun appears white all the time (Including Sunrise and Sunset).

Question 11.
When Mohan viewed white light through a transparent scale, he observed some colours. Predict and write the phenomenon involved in his observation. (AP SCERT: 2019-20)

1. The phenomenon involved in his observation is dispersion of light.
2. Splitting of white light into different colours (VIBGYOR) is called dispersion.

Question 12.
A boy who is suffering from eye defect has been given a prescription as -2D. Based on the information given, answer the following questions.
a) Identify the eye defect he is suffering.
b) Write the nature and focal length of the lens. (AP SCERT: 2019-20)
a) The boy is suffering from myopia.
b) Nature of the lens :
The lens is biconcave lens.
It is thin at the middle and thicker at the edges.
Focal length of the lens :
Given that power is – 2D

Question 13.
How does eye lens change its focal length? (AP SA-I:2019-20)

• Eye lens changes its focal length by the ciliary muscle attached to it.
• By relaxing ciliary muslces, the focal length of the eye lens is reached its maximum value.
• By straining ciliary muscles, the focal length of the eye lens is reached its minimum value.

Question 14.
Kishore wore spectacles. When you saw through his spects the size of his eyes seemed bigger than their original size.
a) Which lens did he use?
b) Explain that defect of vision.
a) When we saw through Kishore’s spects the size of his eyes seemed bigger than their original size. This is possible with convex lens only because magnification of the lens is greater than T.

b) The defect he suffers is hypermetropia. This is also called farsightedness.

A person who suffers with this type of defect, he can’t see the objects clearly which are placed near distance because the image is formed beyond the retina. So by using convex lens the rays can be converged on retina.

Question 15.
“God has given the gift for us to see the sunrise and sunset.” Explain the feeling of it.

• The sun is visible two minutes before the actual sunrise and remains visible two minutes after the actual sunset.
• The actual sunrise takes place when the sun is just above the horizon.
• The actual sunset takes place when the sun is just below the horizon.

Question 16.
“Smoke coming out of coal fired chimney appears blue on a misty day.” Why?

• On a misty day, the air has large amount of tiny particles of water droplets, dust and smoke.
• These tiny particles present in the air scatter blue colour of the white light passing through it.
• When this scattered blue light reaches our eyes the smoke appears blue.

Question 17.
“Motorists use orange light on a foggy day rather than normal white light.” Why?

• On a foggy day, the air has large amount of water droplets.
• If a motorist uses white light, the water droplets present in the air scatter large amount of the blue light.
• This on reaching our eyes decreases visibility and hence driving becomes extremely difficult.
• Whereas orange light has longer wavelength and hence it is least scattered.

Question 18.
A rainbow viewed from an airplane may form a complete circle. Where will the shadow of the airplane appear? Explain.

• A rainbow viewed from an airplane form a complete circle because the earth does not come along the way of the airplane and rainbow.
• A rainbow is a three dimensional cone of dispersed light it appear as a complete circle.
• The shadow of the airplane appears within the circle of the rainbow.

Question 19.
How do we see colours?

• The retina of human eye has a large number of receptors.
• These receptors are of two types i.e., rods and cones.
• The rod cells recognise the colour of light rays, while the cones identify the intensity of light.
• It is these cone cells, which make it possible for a men to see different colours and distinguish between them.

Question 20.
Why do we use lenses in spectacles to correct defects of vision?
The process of adjusting focal length is called “accommodation”. This process has to be done by eye itself. Sometimes the eye may gradually lose its power of accommodation. In such condition, the person cannot see the object clearly and comfortably. In this situation, we have to use lenses in spectacles to correct defects of vision.

Question 21.
What is a) far point of the eye and b) near point of the eye?
a) The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly without strain (in the eye) is called the far point of the eye. For a normal eye, the far point is at infinity.

b) The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most clearly without strain (in the eye) is called the least distance of distinct vision or the near point of the eye.

Question22.
Write the difference between “Myopia” and “Hypermetropia”.
(OR)
Distinguish between Myopia and Hypermetopia.
The eye defect in which people cannot see at long distances but can see nearby objects clearly is called Myopia. The eye defect in which people cannot see near distant objects but can see distant objects is called hypermetropia.

Question 23.
Define the following words.
a) Prism
b) Dispersion of light
c) Scattering of light
a) Prism :
A prism is a transparent medium separated from the surrounding medium by at least two plane surfaces which are inclined at a certain angle.

b) Dispersion of light :
The splitting of white light into different colours is called dispersion of light.

c) Scattering of light:
The process of reemission of absorbed light in all directions with different intensities by atoms or molecules is called scattering of light.

Question 24.
Define the words associated with prism with the help of figure.

1) Angle of incidence :
The angle between incident ray and normal is called angle of incidence.

2) Angle of emergence :
The angle between normal and emergent ray is called angle of emergence.

3) Normal:
Perpendicular drawn to the surface of prism.

4) Angle of deviation:
The angle between extended incident ray and emergent ray is called angle of deviation.

Question 25.
State the cause of dispersion, when white light enters a glass prism. Explain with a diagram.

• Light is made up of different colours. Each colour travels at its own speed inside a prism.
• Due to this different colours of light bends through different angles with respect to the incident ray, as it passes through a prism.
• The red light bends the least while the violet most.
• Thus, the rays of each colour emerge along different paths and become distinct.
• It is the bond of distinct colours that we see in a spectrum.

Question 26.
What happens to the lens and the ciliary muscles when you are looking at distant objects and near objects?
a) The ciliary muscles become relaxed and the lens becomes thin, i.e. its radius of curvature increases. So focal length of eye lens increases for distant object.

b) The ciliary muscles contract and the lens becomes thick, i.e. its radius of curvature decreases. So focal length of eye lens decreases for near objects.

Question 27.
Why does it take some time to see objects in cinema hall when we just enter the hall from bright sunlight? Explain in brief.

• The pupil regulates and controls the amount of light entering eye.
• In bright sunlight, the size of pupil is small and when we enter the cinema hall it takes some time for the pupil to expand in size due to dim light.

Question 28.
What are the factors which influence the total angle of deviation?

• The angle of incidence at the first surface (i).
• The angle of prism (A).
• Refractive index of the material.

Question 29.
How does eye change its focal length take place in the eyeball?

• Eye lens changes its focal length by the ciliary muscle attached to it.
• By relaxing ciliary muslces, the focal length of the eye lens is reached its maximum value.
• By straining ciliary muscles, the focal length of the eye lens is reached its minimum value.

Question 30.
Stars twinkle while planets do not. Why?
1) Continuously changing atmosphere refracts light from the stars by different amounts from one moment to the other, when atmosphere refracts more starlight towards us and the stars appear to be bright and when the atmosphere refracts less star-light then the stars appear to be dim.

2) However the planets are nearer to us than the stars, they appear to be comparatively bigger to us so they cannot be considered as a point source, hence no twinkling is seen.

Question 31.
How do earth and stars appear for a person who is on the moon?

• For the person who is on the moon, the earth appears blue due to blue colour of sunlight scattered by the earth’s atmosphere reaching him.
• Stars and other heavenly bodies are seen as usual, but without twinkling.

Question 32.
Why does the sky appear dark and black to an astronaut instead of blue?
(OR)
Why does the sky appear dark to the passenger flying at high altitudes?

• This is because there is no atmosphere containing air in the outer space to scatter light.
• Since there is no scattered light which can reach our eyes in outer space, the sky looks dark and black there.
• This is why the astronauts who go to outer space find the sky to be dark and black instead of blue.

Question 33.
A person is able to see objects clearly only when these are lying at distance between 60 cm and 250 cm from his eye. What kind of defect of vision is he suffering from?
For a normal eye, the near point is at 25 cm and the far point is at infinity. The given person cannot see object clearly either close to the eye or far away from the eye. So he is suffering from presbyopia.

Question 34.
Write the material required in finding the refractive index of a prism.
Materials required:
Prism, piece of white chart of size 20 x 20 cm, pencil, pins, scale and protractor.

Question 35.
Draw the graph between angle of incidence and angle of deviation.

Question 35.
Draw the diagram of scattering of sunlight.

Question 35.
How do you appreciate the “Eye Donor”?
The human eye is one of the most important sense organs. Without eye we are unable to see the beautiful world. So we have to appreciate “eye donor” for his kindness to give sight to blind people.

Question 36.
How can we appreciate the working of “Iris”?

• Iris consists of muscles which help in controlling the amount of light entering the eye through pupil.
• In case of low light the iris makes the pupil to expand and allow more light to enter the eye.
• In case of bright or excess light the iris makes the pupil to contract in order to decrease the amount of light entering the eye. The iris consists of muscles that expand and contract the pupil.

Question 37.
The power of lens is 2.0 D. Find its focal length and state what kind of lens it is.
P = $$\frac{1}{f}$$ (f in metres)
Given P = 2D
∴ f= $$\frac{1}{P}$$ = $$\frac{1}{2}$$ = 0. 5 m = 50 cm.
The focal length positive indicates it is a convex lens.

Question 38.
Two convex lenses of powers 1D and 2D are combined together to form a new lens. Then what is the resultant power and focal length of lens?
P1 = 1 D ; P2 = 2D
Resultant power P = P1 + P2 = 1 + 2 = 3D
P = $$\frac{1}{f}$$ (f in metres)
∴ f= $$\frac{1}{P}$$ = $$\frac{1}{3}$$ = 0.3333 m = 33.33 cm.

Question 40.
Figure shows the refraction of light through an equilateral prism. Incident at an angle of 30°. The ray suffers a deviation of 37°. What are the angles marked at A, e and f respectively?

Since the prism is an equilateral prism,
A = 60°, also D = 37° and i = 30° (i.e., i1), e = i2 = ?
We know that i1 + i2 = A + D
30° + e = 60 + 37
e = 97 – 30 = 67°
Also A + f = 180°
f = 180°-60° = 120°

10th Class Physics 7th Lesson Human Eye and Colourful World 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Kavya can see distant objects clearly but cannot see objects at near distance. With what eye defect is she suffering? Draw the diagrams showing the defected eye and its correction. (AP June 2016)
Kavya is suffering from hypermetropia.
The following diagram shows the defective eye and its correction.

Question 2.
Revathi is a front bench student. She is unable to draw the picture drawn on the blackboard. She got permission from the teacher and sat in the back row. What could be the defect that Revathi is suffering from? Draw the diagram, which shows the correction of the above defect? (AP Mareh 2017)
Hypermetropia

Question 3.
An eye specialist suggested a + 2D lens to the person with defect in vision. Which kind of defect in vision does he have? Draw the diagrams to show the defect of vision and its correction with a suitable lens. (TS June 2017)
Eye specialist suggested +2D lens, that is convex lens is used to correct Hypermetropia. So the person has Hypermetropia.
Deffect of Vision:

Correction :

Question 4.
How will you calculate the focal length of a biconvex lens that is used to correct the defect of Hypermetropia? Explain it mathematically. (TS March 2017)
The person who has hypermetropia cannot see near objects. He can see the objects those are beyond near point (H). For correction of this eye defect the image of the object placed at “least distance of distinct vision (L)” should be at near point (H).
u = -25 cm; v = -d cm

here d > 25, so ‘f gets positive value.
Hence, convex lens should be used.

Question 5.
Mention the required material and chemicals for the experiment of “scattering of light.” Write the experiment procedure. (TS March 2018)
(OR)
Write the required apparatus and chemicals to show the scttering of light experimentally and write the experimental process.
(OR)
How can you demonstrate scatteing of light by an experiment?
Aim :
To show the scattering of light.

Material required :
Beaker, sodium thiosulphate, sulphuric acid.

Procedure:

1. Take a solution of sodium-thio-sulphate (hypo) and sulphuric acid in a glass beaker.
2. Place the beaker in an open place where abundant sun light is available.
3. Watch the formation of grains of sulphur and observe the changes in the beaker.
4. We will notice that sulphur participates as the reaction is in progress. At the beginning, the grains of sulphur are smaller in size and as the reaction progress, their size increases due to precipitation.
5. Sulphur grains appear blue in colour at the beginning and slowly their colour becomes white as their size increases.
6. The reason for this is scattering of light.
7. At the beginning, the size of grains is small and almost comparable to the wavelength of blue light. Hence they appear blue in colour.
8. As the size of grains increases, their size becomes comparable to wavelength of other colours.
9. As a result, they acts as scattering centres of all colours.

Question 6.
A boy has been playing games in mobile phone and is suffering from eye defect. The doctor prescribed him to use spectacles of power – 5D. What eye defect is he suffering from? (AP SA-I:2018-19)
Draw a neat diagram which shows the correction of above eye defect.
Doctor suggested the boy – 5D lens, that is concave lens. Concave lens is used to correct myopia. So the boy has myopia.
Defect of Vision :

Correction:

Question 7.

Answer the following questions from the above information. (TS June 2019)
i) What is the defect of vision in ‘D’ suffering from? Why does it happen?
ii) Whose defect of vision can be corrected by using Biconcave lens?
iii) Who is suffering with similar defect of vision as of ‘B’?
iv) Who among the above do not have any defect of vision?
i) 1) The vision defect of person ‘D’ is presbyopia.
2) Presbyopia happens due to gradual weakening of ciliary muscles and diminishing flexibility of the eye lens. This effect can be seen in aged people.
ii) Person A’ defect of vision can be corrected by using Biconcave lens.
iii) Person ’C’ is suffering with similar defect of vision as of ’B’.
iv) Person ‘E’ has no defect of vision.

Question 8.
A prism causes dispersion of white light while a rectangular glass block does not. Explain.

• In a prism the refraction of light occurs at two plane surfaces.
• The dispersion of white light occurs at the first surface of prism where its constituent colours are deviated through different angles.
• At the second surface, these split colours suffer only refraction and they get further separated.
• But in a rectangular glass block, the refraction of light takes place at the two parallel surfaces.
• At the first surface, although the white light splits into its constituent colours on refractions, but they split colours on suffering refraction at the second surface emerge out in the form of a parallel beam, which gives an impression of white light.

Question 9.
A convex lens of power 4D is placed at a distance of 40 cm from a wall. At what distance from the lens should a candle be placed so that its image is formed on the wall?

So candle should be placed 66.66 cm from the lens.

Question 10.
Explain briefly the reason for the blue of the sky.

• Our atmosphere contains different types of molecules and atoms.
• The reason for blue sky is the molecules N2 and O2.
• The sizes of these molecules are comparable to the wavelength of blue light.
• These molecules act as scattering centres for scattering of blue light.

Question 11.
What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye?

• For a normal eye, image distance in the eye is fixed.
• This is equal to the distance of retina from the eye lens.
• When we increase the distance of the object from the eye, focal length of eye lens is changed on account of power of accommodation of the eye so as to keep the image distance constant.

Question 12.
A person is able to see objects clearly only when they are lying at distance between 60 cm and 250 cm from his eye. What kind of lenses will be required to increase his range of vision from 25 cm to infinity? Explain.
A bi-focal lens consists of concave and convex lens of suitable focal lengths will be required to correct the defect and to increase his range of vision from 25 cm to infinity. In bi-focal lens, the upper half of the lens is concave lens which corrects distant vision and the lower half is convex which corrects near vision.

Question 13.
Discuss why sun is visible before actual sunrise and after actual sunset?

• The sun is visible to us about 2 minutes before the actual sunrise and 2 minutes after the actual sunset because of atmospheric refraction.
• By actual sunrise we mean the actual crossing of the horizon by the sun.

• Figure shows the actual and apparent positions of the sun with respect to the horizon.
• The time difference between actual sunset and the apparent sunset is about 2 minutes.
• The apparent flattering of the sun’s disc at sunrise and sunset is also due to the same phenomenon.

Question 14.
When does the colour of sky appear black for an observer?

• In the absence of atmosphere, there will not be any scattering of light and so light will reach our eye, i.e. the sky will appear black instead of blue at night in the absence of light.
• On the moon, since there is no atmosphere, there is no scattering of sunlight reaching the moon surface. Hence to an observer on the surface of moon, no light reaches except the light directly from sun. Thus sky will have no colour and will appear black to an observer on the moon surface. This is applicable for any planet which does not have atmosphere.
• When an astronaut goes above the atmosphere of the earth in rocket he sees the sky black.

Question 15.
Why does the colour of clouds appear black?

• The clouds are nearer the earth surface and they contain dust particles and aggregates of water molecules of size bigger than the wavelength of visible light.
• Therefore, the dust particles and water molecules present in clouds scatter all colours of incident white light from sun to the same extent and hence when the scattered light does not reach our eye, the clouds seem black.

Question 16.
Give daily life examples of scattering of light by earth’s atmosphere.
Some daily life effects of scattering of sunlight by earth’s atmosphere are

1. Red colour of sun at sunrise and sunset.
2. White colour of sky at noon.
3. Blue colour of sky is due to molecules N2 and O2.
4. Black colour of sky is due to the absence of atmosphere.
5. Use of red light for the danger signal because it is least scattered by particles due to its greater wavelength.
6. White colour of clouds is due to rise in temperature.

Question 17.
What is the relation between scattering and wavelength of light? Explain.

• Scattering is the process of absorption and then re-emission of light energy.
• The air molecules of size smaller than the wavelength of incident light absorb the energy of incident light and then re-emit it without change in its wavelength.
• The intensity of scattered light is found to be inversely proportional to fourth power of wavelength of light.
• The wavelength of violet is least and red light is most, therefore from the incident white light, violet light is scattered the most and red light is scattered the least.

Question 18.
How can we get this (in human eye) same image distance for various positions of objects?

• The ciliary muscle attached with eye lens helps to change the focal length of eye lens.
• When the eye is focussed on a distant object, these are relaxed. So the focal length of eye lens increases to its maximum value.
• F(max) – 2.5 cm,u = oo, v = 2.5 cm. The parallel rays coming from a distant object are focussed on the retina with 2.5 cm image distance.
• When the eye is focussed on a nearer object the muscles are strained. So the focal length of the eye lens decreases its minimum value.
• F(min)= 2.27 cm, u = 25 cm, v = 2.5 cm. The rays from an object (u = 25 cm) at L (point of least distance of distinct vision) are focussed on the retina with 2.5 cm image distance.

Question 19.
Does eye lens form a real image or virtual image? Explain it.

• Eye lens forms a real image.
• The light that enters the eye forms an image on the retina.

• The image is obtained on a screen (retina) and it is an inverted image.
• So, we can say eye lens forms a real image.

Question 20.
How does the image formed on retina help us to perceive the object without change its shape, size and colour?

• The eye-lens forms a real and inverted image of an object on the retina.
• The retina is a delicate membrane which contains about 125 million receptors called ‘rods’ and ‘cones’ which receive the light signals.
• Rods identify the colour.
• Cones identify the intensity of light.
• These signals are transmitted to the brain through about 1 million optic nerve fibres.
• The brain interprets these signals and finally processes the information so that we perceive the object in terms of its shape, size and colour.

Question 21.
How do you prove that a prism does not produce colours itself?

• A white light from a slit ‘S’ is made to pass through prism P which forms spectrum on a white screen AB.
• A narrow slit H is made on the screen AB, parallel to slit S to allow the light of particular colour to pass through it.
• The light of a particular colour is made to fall on the second prism Q placed with its base in opposite direction to that of the prism P.
• The light after passing through the second prism Q is received on another white screen M.
• It is observed that the colour of light obtained on the screen M is same as that of the light incident on the second prism Q through the slit H.

Question 22.
Draw the structure of human eye and explain its parts.

Question 23.
What is the part indicated by an arrow mark? What is its working function?

• The part indicated by the arrow mark is ciliary muscle.
• Ciliary muscles help to change the focal length of the eye lens.
• When it relaxes the focal length of the eye lens is maximum.
• When it strains, the focal length of the eye lens is minimum.
• In this way the ciliary muscles to which eye lens is attached help to give us clear vision.

Question 24.
Two observers standing apart from each other do not see the “same” rainbow. Explain.

• All the rain drops that disburse the light to form rainbow lie within a cone of semi vertical angle 40° to 42°.
• If two observers are standing at a distance apart, they will observe rainbow at different parts on the surface of the cone.
• So the portion of the rainbow observed by an observer depends on the position of the observer.
• Two different observers will form two different cones with the observer standing at the vertex of the cone, therefore rainbow seen by them will be different.

Question 25.
A prism with an angle A = 60° produces an angle of minimum deviation of 30°. Find the refractive index of material of the prism.
Power = $$\frac{1}{\mathrm{f}}=\frac{1}{-2}$$ = 0.5 D.