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AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 2C Susruta, an Ancient Plastic Surgeon Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Solutions Chapter 2C Susruta, an Ancient Plastic Surgeon

7th Class English Chapter 2C Susruta, an Ancient Plastic Surgeon Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Why did Susruta offer the traveller a mug of wine?
Answer:
Susruta offered the traveller a mug of wine because the wine would numb his senses.

Question 2.
Why was Susruta recognized as the father of plastic surgery, today?
Answer:
Susruta was recognized as the father of plastic surgery today because he was the first physician to advocate the caesarean operation. Besides, what he did is not greatly different from what a plastic surgeon would do today.

Question 3.
What made him the father of anaesthesia?
Answer:
His suggestion to give wine to patients about to be operated upon made him the father of anaesthesia.

Question 4.
Who could become a good physician according to Susruta?
Answer:
The person who knew both theory and practice could become a good physician, according to Susruta.

Question 5.
What was his advice to his pupils?
Answer:
Susruta advised his pupils to know both theory and practice so as to become good physicians.
He also advised them to use carcasses and models for practice before surgery.

Susruta, an Ancient Plastic Surgeon Summary in English

Susruta was an ancient plastic surgeon. He learnt surgery and medicine at the feet of Divodasa Dhanvantari in his hermitage at Varanasi. Later he became an authority in both surgery and the other branches of medicine.

Once a stranger came to him. He was bleeding from his disfigured nose. Susruta took him into his room. He washed his face with water and the juice of a medicinal plast. He offered him a mug of wine. Later he started his operation. He cut a strip of flesh from the stranger’s cheek. Later he bandaged the cut in the cheek. Later he inserted two pipes into his nostrils and transplanted the flesh to the disfigured nose. Next, he dusted the nose with powdered liquorice, red sandalwood and an extract of Indian barberry. He enveloped the nose in cotton, sprinkled some refined oil on it and finally put a bandage. Thus he completed the operation.

What Susruta did is not greatly different from what a plastic surgeon would do today So, today Susruta is recognised as the father of plastic surgery, all over the world. Susrata was born in the sixth century B.C. He was a descendant of sage, Viswamitra. He was the first physician to advocate the caesarian operation. He told his pupils that one could become a good physician only if one knew both theory and practice.

Susruta, an Ancient Plastic Surgeon Glossary

surgeon (n): the doctor who does operations

physician (n): the doctor who prescribes medicines for some illness, or a particular disease

tears (n): drops of water from eyes

stranger (n): unknown person

instruments (n): tools or things to do something

approaching (v): coming close to something / someone

advice (n): suggestion

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 2B It’s Change…. Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Solutions Chapter 2B It’s Change….

7th Class English Chapter 2B It’s Change…. Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Who is the speaker of the poem? Guess her age? Support your answer.
Answer:
As shown in the picture in the book, the speaker is a girl. She is supposed to be 11+ years old – might be studying in VII Standard. It’s because she has a school bag on her shoulders.

Question 2.
What is the speaker’s complaint?
Answer:
She complains that though they are tiny kids, they are forced to study / learn too much and so she does not want to go to school.

Question 3.
How would you feel if a scientist cloned you?
Answer:
I would feel greatly annoyed if a scientist cloned me.

Question 4.
What is the speaker’s concern? Which line in the poem shows it?
Answer:
The speaker’s concern is learning too much for their age and strength as scientists are making rapid changes. The last line of the poem shows it.

Question 5.
Yes, scientists are causing me great concern’. How is this statement true in view of the speaker’s view ? What is your view?
Answer:
Scientists are cloning pigs and sheep. Biologists are making stem cells grow. Geologists are finding cracks in our earth. Archaeologists are digging up fossils and bones. They are all doing these activities saying that it’s change. So the speaker views that my view is the same as that of the speaker.

Question 6.
Pick out the word that describes the person who studies the life of plants and animals.
Answer:
The word is ‘Biologists’.

Question 7.
What does an archaeologist do?
Answer:
An archaeologist is the scientist who studies the cultures of the past. The archaeologist digs up fossils and bones.

II. Read the following lines from your poem and notice that the underlined words end with the same sound. Such words are called rhyming words.

Mum, I don’t want to go to school today.
‘Cause I fear our world is in decay.

Match the following words that rhyme. One is done for you. Add two more words to each pair that rhyme with them.

Project

I. Collect information about ten world famous Indian scientists and write it in your notebooks in the format given below :

Answer:

II. Now talk to other members of your group about one scientist whose discovery / invention has changed our life.

Dear friends, we must be proud of our own scientist Dr. Yellapragad Subba Rao. His discoveries in the field of science have greatly improved treatment of patients. His contribution proved to be very helpful to both doctors and patients. We must learn to follow the examples set by such great personalities.

It’s Change…. Summary in English

A little girl is afraid to go to school. She is worried that the teachers and scientists are all out to destroy this earth. They say cloning pigs and sheep is a big change. Biologists make stem cells grow. Geologists find cracks in rocks. Archaeologists discover bones of creatures who lived thousands of years ago. All these persons add to things we must learn. That is a big problem.

It’s Change…. Glossary

plot (n): a secret plan made to do something wrong

see through (phrasal v): understand

the rot (n): (here) the situation is getting worse

cloning (v): producing an exact copy of an animal

quantum leap (n): a sudden, great and important change.

stem cell (n): a basic type of cell from which all other cells develop

fossil (n): the remains of an animal or a plant which have become hard and turned into rock

concern (n): worry

feel (v): think / guess

cause (conj): because

change (n): fluctuation

great (adj): very much

kids (n): very young children

learn (v): (here) study

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Integers InText Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Maths Solutions 4th Lesson Integers InText Questions

Check Your Progress?(Page No. 47)

Question 1.
Write any five positive integers.
Solution:
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,

Question 2.
Write any five negative integers.
Solution:
-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6,

Question 3.
Which number is neither positive nor negative?
Solution:
0 (zero)

Question 4.
Represent the following situations with integers,
(i) A gain of ₹ 500 ( )
(ii) Temperature is below 5°C ( )
Solution:
i) + 7 500
ii) – 5° C

Question 5.
Represent the following using either positive or negative numbers.
a) A bird is flying at a height of 25 meters above the sea level and a fish at a depth of 2 meters.
b) A helicopter is flying at a height of 60m above the sea level and a submarine is at 400m below sea level.
Solution:
a) Height of the flying bird 25 meters from th$ sea level = + 25 meters
Depth of the fish 2 meters from the sea level = – 2 meters
b) Height of the flying helicopter 60 meters from the sea level = + 60 m
Depth of the submarine 400 m from the sea level = – 400 m

Check Your Progress (Page No. 49)

Question 1.
Draw a vertical number line and represent -5,4,0,-6, 2 and 1 on it.
Solution:

Question 2.
Represent opposite integers of – 200 and + 400 on integer number line.
Solution:
Opposite integers means, additive inverse.
∴ Opposite integer (additive inverse) of – 200 is 200.
Opposite integer (additive inverse) of +400 is – 400.

Let’s Think (Page No. 50)

Question 1.
For any two integers, say 3 and 4, we know that 3 < 4.
Is it true to say -3 < -4? Give reason.
Solution:
On the number line, the value of a number increases as we move to right and decreases as we move to the left. As -3 lies right to -4 on the number line.
So, -3 < -4 is not true.

(Pg. No. 52)

Question 1.
What is additive inverse of 7 ?
Solution:
Additive inverse of 7 is -7.

Question 2.
What is additive inverse of -8 ?
Solution:
Additive inverse of -8 is 8.

Let’s Explore (Page.No. 52)

Question 1.
Find the value of the following using a number line.
i) (-3) + 5 ii) (-5) + 3
Make two questions on your own and solve them using the number line.
Solution:
i) (-3) + 5

On the number line, we first move 3 steps to the left of 0 to reach -3.
Then, we move 5 steps to the right of -3 and reach +2. So, (-3) + 5 = 2

ii) (-5) + 3

On the number line, we first move 5 steps to the left of 0 to reach -5. Then, we move 3 steps to the right of -5 and reach -2. So, (-5) + 3 = – 2

iii)(+6) + (-3)

On the number line, we first move 6 steps to the right of 0 to reach +6.
Then, we move 3 steps to the left of 6 and reach +3. So, (+6) + (-3) = 3

iv) (-4) + (-3)

On the number line, we first move 4 steps to the left of 0 to reach -4. Then, we move 3 steps to the left of -4 and reach -7.
So (-4) + (-3) = -7.

Question 2.
Find the solution of the following:
i) (+5) + (-5) (ii) (+6) + (-7) (iii) (-8) + (+2)
Ask your friend five such questions and solve them.
Solution:
i) (+5) + (-5) = 0

On the number line, we first move 5 steps to the right of 0 to reach +5.
Then, we move 5 steps to the left of +5 and reach 0.

ii) (+6) + (-7) = -1

On the number line, we first move 6 steps to the right of 0 to reach +6.
Then, we move 7 steps to the left of +6 and reach -1.

(iii) (-8) + (+2)

On the number line, we first move 8 steps to the left of 0 to reach -8. Then, we move 2 steps to the right of -8 and reach -6.

iv)(-4) + (+8) = +4

On the number line, we first move 4 steps to the left of 0 to reach -4. Then, we move 8 steps to the right of -4 and reach +4.

v) (+3) + (-4) = -1

On the number line, we first move 3 steps to the right of 0 to reach +3. Then, we move 4 steps to the left of +3 and reach -1.

vi) (+5) + (-6) = -1

On the number line, we first move 5 steps to the right of 0 to reach +5. Then, we move 6 steps to the left of +5 and reach -1.

vii) (+4) + (-4) = 0

On the number line, we first move 4 steps to the right of 0 to reach +4. Then, we move 4 steps to the left of +4 and reach 0.

viii) (-6) +(+4) =-2

On the number line, we first move 6 steps to the left of 0 to reach -6. Then, we move 4 steps to the right of -6 and reach -2.
So, (-6) + (+4) = -2

Let’s Explore (Page No. 55)

Question 1.
Take any two integers a and b. Check whether a+b is also an integer.
Case (i) : Consider two integers 3 and -2 (Positive and negative)
Sum = 3 + (-2) = +1 + 2 – 2 = +1 + 0 = +1 is also an integer.
Case (ii) : Consider two ihtegers 5 and 6 (Both are positive)
Sum = 5 +6 = + 11 is also an integer
Case (iii) : Consider two integers -4 and -6 (Both are negative)
Sum = -4 + (-6) = -4 -6 = -10 is also an integer
Case (iv) : Consider two integers -5 and 4 (Negative and positive)
Sum = -5 + 4 = -1 -4 + 4 = -1 + 0 = -1 is also an integer.
So, if a and b are integers, then their sum a + b is also an integer. Integers are closed under addition.

Question 2.
Check the following Properties on integers, a, b, c are any integers.
i) Closure Property under subtraction ‘
ii) Commutative Property under addition and subtraction (a + b = b + a ?, a – b = b – a?)
iii) Associative Property under addition and subtractioji.
(a + b) + c = a + (b + c) ? (a – b).- c = a – (b – c)?
Solution:
i) Closure Property under subtraction :
Case (i) : Consider two integers 4, -5 (positive and negative)
Then, difference a – b = 4 – (-5) = 4 + 5 = + 9is also an integer.
Case (ii) : Consider two integers 3, 8 (Both are positive)
Then, difference a – b = 3 – (+8) = 3-8
= +3 – 3 – 5 = 0 – 5 = -5is also an integer.
Case (iii) : Consider two integers -2, -6 (Both are negative) .
Then, difference a – b = -2 – (-6) = -2 + 6
= -2 + 2 + 4 = 0 + 4 = +4 is also an integer.

Case (iv) : Consider two integers -3, 2 (Negative and positive)
Then, difference a – b = -3 – (+2) = -3 -2 = -5 is also an integer.
So, if a and b are any two integers, then their difference a – b is also an integer. Integers are closed under subtraction.

ii) Commutative Property under addition and subtraction :
(a + b = b + a, a-b = b-a)
(A) Case (Q : Consider two integers-3 and 5 (Negative and positive)
Then, a + b = -3 + (+5)
= -3 + 5 = – 3 + 3 + 2 = 0 + 2 = + 2
b + a = +5 + (-3) = +2 + 3- 3 = +2 + 0 = + 2
∴ a + b = b + a

Case (ii) : Consider two integers +4 and +2 (Both are positive)
Then, a + b = +4 + (+2) = +4 + 2 = + 6 ‘b + a = +2 + (+4) = +2 + 4 = + 6
∴ a + b = b + a

Case (iii) Consider two integers -5 and -3 (Both are negative) Then, a + b = -5 + (-3) = -5 – 3 = -8 b + a = -3 + (-5) = – 3 – 5 = -8
∴ a + b = b + a

Case (iv) : Consider two integers +4 and -1 (Positive and negative)
Then, a + b = +4 + (*1) = +4 -1 = +3 + 1 -1 = +3 + 0 = +3 b + a = -1 + (+4) =-l + 4 = -l + l+ 3 = 0 + 3 = + 3
∴ a + b = b + a
So, integers are commutative under addition.

(B) Consider two integers -4 and +6 (Negative and positive)
Then, a – b = -4 – (+6) = -4 – 6 = -10 b-a = + 6-(-4) = +6 +4 = +10 -10*10
a – b ≠ b – a
So, integers are not commutative under subtraction.

iiO Associative property under addition and subtraction :
(a + b) + c = a + (b + c) ; (a – b) – c = a – (b – c)
(A) Case (i) : Consider any three integers 2, 4, -5
(a + b) + c = (2 + 4) + (-5) = 6 – 5 = +1 + 5- 5 = +1 + 0 = +1
a + (b + c) = 2 + (4 + (-5)) = 2 + (4 – 5) = 2 + (4 – 4 -1)
= 2 + (0-1) = + 2 – 1 = + 1 + 1 – 1 = +1 + 0 = +1
∴ (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)

Case (ii) : Consider any three integers +2, -5, +3
Then, (a + b) + c = [2 + (-5)] + 3 = [+2 -5] + 3 = +2 -2 -3 + 3 = 0 + 0 = 0
a + (b + c) = +2 + [( – 5)+3] = +2 + [-2 – 3 + 3] = +2 + (-2 + 0) = +2 -2 = 0
∴ (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)

Case (iii) : Consider any three integers 3, 4, 6
Then, (a + b) + c = [2 + (-5)] + 3 [+2-5] + 3
a + (b + c) = 3 + (4 + 6) = 3 + 10 = + 13
∴ (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)

Case (iv) : Consider any three integers -4, -2, +5
Then, (a + b) + c = [-4 + (-2)] + 5 = [-4 -2] + 5 = -6 + 5
= -1-5 + 5 = – 1 + 0 = – 1
a + (b + c) = -4 + [(-2) + 5] = -4 + [-2 + 5]
= _4 + [_2 + 2 +3] = -4 + 0 + 3 =-1-3+ 3
= -1 + 0 = -1
∴ (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)

Case (v) : Consider any three integers-3, 4, 1
Then, (a + b) + c = (-3 + 4) + 1 = (-3 + 3 + 1) + 1 = 0 + 1 + 1 = + 2
a + (b + c) = -3 + (4 + 1) = -3 + 5 = -3 + 3 + 2 = 0 + 2 = +2
∴ (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)

Case (vi) : Consider any three integers -2, 6, -7
Then, (a + b) + c = (-2 + 6) + (-7) = (-2 + 2 + 4) + (-7) = 0 + 4 – 7
= + 4 – 4 – 3 = 0 – 3 = -3
a + (b + c) = -2 + [6 + (-7)] = -2 + (6 – 7) = -2 + [+6 – 6 -1]
= -2 + (-1) = -2 -1 = -3
∴ (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)

Case (vii) : Consider any three integers +6, -3, -1
Then, (a + b) +c = [+6 + (-3)] + (-1) = (6 – 3) – 1 = (+3 +3 -3) -1
=+3-1 =+2 + 1 – 1 =+2 + 0 = + 2
a + (b + c) = +6 + [-3 + (-1)] = 6 + [-3 – 1] = 6 + (-4) .
= +2 + 4 – 4 = 2 + 0 = + 2
∴ (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)

Case(viii)
Consider any three integers -4, -1, -7
Then, (a + b) + c = [-4 + (-1)] + (-7) = (-4 -1) – 7 = -5 -7 = -12
a + (b + c) = -4 + [(-1) + (-7)] = -4 + [-1 -7] = -4 + (-8)
= -4 – 8 = -12
∴ (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
From all the above cases we conclude that, integers are associative under addition.

(B) Consider any three integers +5, -4, 1
Then, (a – b) – c = (+5 – (-4)) – (+1) = (5 + 4) – 1 .
= + 9 – 1 = + 8 + 1 – 1 = + 8 + 0 = + 8
a – (b – c) = +5 – [- 4 – (+1)] = + 5 – [-4 – 1]
= + 5 – [ -5] =+ 5 + 5 = + 10
+ 8 ≠ +10
∴ (a – b) – c ≠ a – (b – c)
So, integers are not associative under subtraction.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 2A C.V. Raman, the Pride of India Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Solutions Chapter 2A C.V. Raman, the Pride of India

7th Class English Chapter 2A C.V. Raman, the Pride of India Textbook Questions and Answers

Look at the pictures and answer the questions that follow.

Question 1.
Can you name these scientists?

Answer:

1. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
2. C.V. Raman
3. Srinivasa Ramanujan
4. Albert Einstein
5. Isaac Newton
6. Sir Alexander Fleming.

Question 2.
Tell your class what you know about them.
Answer:

1. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: He was the former President of India. He played a pivotal role in the development of Missile and Nuclear Weapons. He got Hoover medal. He is the recipient of Bharat Ratna award.
2. C.V. Raman: He was the first Indian to receive the Nobel Prize in Physics for his ‘Raman Effect’. He was also the first Asian and the first non-white to receive the Nobel Prize. He discovered the Raman Effect with equipment worth only Rs. 200/- and limited facilities in his laboratory. He was the first Indian scholar who studied wholly in India.
3. Srinivasa Ramanujan: He was a great Indian mathematician. He made extraordinary contributions to mathematical analysis, number theory and infinite series.
4. Albert Einstein: He was a great German physicist. His Theory of Relativity showed that mass and energy are different forms of each other.
5. Isaac Newton: He discovered that sunlight is a mixture of the colours of a rainbow. He built a telescope through which he saw the moons of Jupiter. He discovered the law of gravitational force.
6. Sir Alexander Fleming: Sir Alexander Fleming was a Scottish biologist, pharmacologist and botanist. His best-known discoveries are the enzyme, lysozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic substance penicillin in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1999. It was a discovery that changed the course of history. The active ingredient in penicillin turned out to be an infection-fighting agent of enormous potency. When it was finally recognized for what it was, the most efficacious life-saving drug in the world, penicillin would alter forever the treatment of bacterial infections.

Question 3.
Are scientists special people? How?
Answer:
Yes, they are special in their attire, appearance and their thoughts. They neither know well of politics nor play them. They spend most of their time in scientific research.

Question 4.
Do you want to be a scientist? Why?
Answer:
Yes, I want to be a scientist. I am very fond of the science subject. I want to do research in physics and discover something new.

Question 5.
How many of them received the Nobel Prize?
Answer:
Of the six scientists shown in the pictures, C.V. Raman, Albert Einstein and Har Gobind Khorana received the Nobel Prize.

Question 6.
Who was the first Indian scientist that received the Nobel Prize?
Talk about him/her and his/her field of science.
Answer:
The first Indian scientist who received the Nobel Prize was C.V.Raman. His full name was Chandrasekhar Venkata Raman. He was born at Tiruchirapalli in Tamil Nadu on November 7,1888. He had only limited facilities and an equipment worth Rs. 200. Yet he worked hard, thought independently and discovered the Raman Effect which says that light changes its nature when passes through transparent medium. He was the first Indian scholar who studied wholly in India. He was the first Asian and also the first non-white to get the Nobel Prize. He was the pride of India.
He passed away in 1970 on November 21.

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Why was Raman happy when he learnt that Professor Compton had won the Nobel Prize?
Answer:
When Raman learnt that Professor Compton had won the Nobel Prize, he felt very happy because what Prof. Compton wanted to prove, was proved and Raman felt that he would also succeed in his effort.

Question 2.
What does the ‘Compton Effect’ tell us?
Answer:
The ‘Compton Effect’ tells us that the nature of X-rays changes when passed through the matter. The change was dependent on the kind of matter.

Question 3.
What was Raman’s advice to young scientists?
Answer:
C.V. Raman’s advice to young scientists was to look at the world around them and not to confine themselves to their laboratories. He said that the essence of science is independent thinking and hard work but not equipment.

Question 4.
Which paragraph tells about the ill-health of C.V.Raman?
Answer:
Paragraph No-7 in the lesson tells about the ill-health of C.V. Raman.

Question 5.
What was the challenging situation when Raman started his experiment on light?
Answer:
When Raman started his experiment on light, no sophisticate equipment was available in his laboratory. But he was confident he could do the discovery by making some modifications in his experiment. With equipment worth hardly Rs. 200 and limited facilities, Raman made the discovery.

Question 6.
What was the unseen force working behind Raman for reaching great heights?
Answer:
The unseen force working behind Raman for reaching great heights was his confidence, dedication and hard-work in what he tried to discover. His confidence was that he could discover with some modifications in his equipment and using the limited facilities made him very great.

Question 7.
What was ‘Raman Effect’?
Answer:
‘Raman Effect’ was that light changes its nature when passed through a transparent medium. It was his discovery of new radiation (describing the behaviour a beam of light passing through a liquid chemical).

Question 8.
If A.H. Compton had not discovered the ‘Compton Effect’, do you think Raman would have discovered the ‘Raman Effect’? Give your reasons.
Answer:
Yes, even if A.H. Compton had not the ‘Compton Effect’, Raman would have the Raman Effect because Raman was a very optimistic, well-confident and dedicated scientist. He was not a dependent on equipment. He was not confined himself to his laboratory. ,He had independent thinking and was hard-working.

Question 9.
In what way was Raman different from the other Indian scientists? List them and justify your answer.
Answer:
Other Indians want good and sophisticated equipment to carry out their experiment. They confine themselves to their laboratories. But C.V. Raman was not dependent on equipment. He had no sophisticated equipment. He did not confine himself to his laboratory. Unlike others, he was hard-working and confident and had independent thinking and looked at the world around him.

Question 10.
If you were a scientist, what would you like to invent/discover?
Answer:
If I were a scientist, I would like to invent a car that could run with the energy of sunlight but not with diesel or petrol.

II. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false statements.

1. C.V. Raman was born in Calcutta. ( )
2. The Compton Effect was a discovery made by C.V.Raman. ( )
3. Raman’s mother was a college physics teacher. ( )
4. Raman was an average student at school. ( )
5. Raman studied how the drum could produce music. ( )
6. Raman spent only two hundred rupees to win the Nobel Prize. ( )
7. Raman was only 42 when he won the Nobel Prize. ( )
Answer:
1. False
2. False
3. False
4. False
5. False
6. True
7. True
Correct Statements:
1. C.V. Raman was born in Tiruchirapalli.
2. The Compton Effect was a discovery made by Professor Compton.
3. Raman’s father was a college physics teacher.
4. Raman was a brilliant student at school.
5. Raman studied how the violin, etc. could produce music.

Vocabulary

I. The following sentences are from your lesson. Read them carefully and tick (✓) the correct meaning of the underlined word in each sentence.

1. His parents were keen to send him abroad for higher studies.
(a) particular
(b) eager
(c) worried

2. The world hailed the discovery as the ‘Raman Effect’.
(a) admired
(b) called
(c) thought

3. In his youth Raman was mainly interested in acoustics.
(a) primarily
(b) simply
(c) certainly

4. The British made Raman a knight of the British Empire.
(a) appointed
(b) managed
(c) placed

5. Raman passed awav on November 21, 1970.
(a) was killed
(b) died
(c) left
Answer:
1) b
2) a
3) a
4) a
5) b

II. Read the following sentence.

Raman was equally delighted.
The underlined word ‘delighted’ is a verb and has been used to express a feeling of joy or happiness. Its noun form is ‘delight. ’ Now look at the following verbs and write their corresponding noun forms.

Answer:
2) surprise
3) disappointment
4) worry
5) satisfaction

Now fill in the blanks with the suitable noun forms of the underlined words in each sentence. .
1. He was shocked to see a snake in his room but he recovered from his ——– in no time.
2. He pretended to look relieved but, in fact, he did not have any ——–.
3. I can understand your ——–. But do not be so excited that you have health problems.
4. Raju, an auto driver, was very honest. His ——– was known to everybody when he returned the bag of jewellery a passenger had left in his auto.
Answer:
1) shock
2) relief
3) excitement
4) honesty

III. (1) Read the following sentence and notice the underlined part.

Raman staged in the country to do the M.A. course.
The underlined letters in capitals denote an abbreviation. The full form of this abbreviation is ‘Master of Arts’.
Here is a list of some common abbreviation’s. Write their full forms.


Answer:

(2) Read the following sentence and notice the underlined word.

He used to spend his hours after office in the lab.
The underlined word “lab is the short form of laboratory,”
Look at the following list of short forms and write their full forms. The first one is done for you. (Use a dictionary)

Answer:

IV. In the paragraph 4 you have learnt that ‘optics’ is the study of light. Do you know ‘ the word for the study of living beings? It is ‘biology’. It comes from ‘bio’ (means ‘life’) + ‘logus’ / ‘logy’ (means ‘study of science’). So the suffix ‘-logy’ adds the meaning ‘the study of’.

Guess the meaning of the words under Column A and match them with the phrases under Column B.

Answer:
1) d
2) e
3) a
4) c
5) b

Grammar

I. Read the following sentences from your lesson and observe how the underlined words are used before dates, years and the names of places.

1. Raman was born on November 7,1888. (Para 6)
2. Raman passed away in 1970 on November 21. (Paral 11)
3. Raman did his M.A. course at Presidency College in Madras. (Para 6)
4. In December, on a fine evening in 1927, there was much excitement. (Para 1)
Note: ‘on’, ‘in’ and ‘at’ are prepositions of time and place. In sentence 1 & 2 ‘on’ is used before a date. In sentence 2, 3 & 4 ‘in’ is used before a year (in 1970), before the name of a big city (in Madras) and before the name of a month (In December). In sentence 3 ‘at’ is used before the name of a small place / area.
Now fill in the blanks with ‘in, ‘on’ and ‘at’.
Sarath Chandra and Keerthana are brother and sister. Sarath Chandra was born –1– 25th April –2– 2000. Keerthana was born –3– December 2, 2001. They are with their parents. They live –4– Kondamudusu Palem, a small village –5– Prakasam District. They play games –6– school. It is usually very hot –7– May –8– their village. So they spend their summer –9– Hyderabad –10– their uncle’s house. Mr. Srisailam is their uncle. He resides –11– High Court Colony –12– Hyderabad with his wife, Jagadeeswari and his daughter, Vishnu Priya.
Answer:
1) on
2) in
3) on
4) at
5) in
6) at
7) in
8) in
9) in
10) at
11) at
12) in

II. Revision of ‘Articles’.

1. ’a’ is used before singular common nouns /in nouns phrases beginning with consonant sounds.
2. ‘an’ is used before singular common nouns / in noun phrases beginning with vowel sounds.
3. ‘the’ is used
(a) before words/phrases that indicate unique things (“It was the headquarters of the Indian Association ‘)
(b) in situations where the sentence itself contains a clue to identify of the thing or the person referred to (e.g. His advice to young scientists was also to .look at the world around them)
(c) in social situations where the identity, of the person / object is understood (“But look here, Krishnan,” he said turning to the young man ..”).
d) before the names of musical instruments (“He studied how stringed instruments like the violin “)

III. List 20 phrases from the text that begin with ‘a’/ ‘an’ or ‘the’. Then put 1,2,3(a), 3(b), 3(c), or 3(d) against them depending on how ‘a’ / ‘an’ or ‘the’ is used. One is done for you.

1. an old building                                                                                  2
2. It was the headquarters of the Indian Association.                           3(a), 3(a)
3. Raman said turning to the young man.                                            3(c)
4. His advice to them was to look at the world.                                   3(b)
5. He studied how the violin                                                                3(d)
6. He was the firsts Indian                                                                    3(a)
7. The British Govt.                                                                               3(a)
8. The day on which he discovered.                                                     3(b)
9. Raman had already made an impression.                                        2
10. a British surgeon                                                                            1
11. a college physics teacher                                                               1
12. Raman was able to make a discovery.                                           1
13. On the busy Bowbazaar Street                                                      3(b)
14. Raman stayed in the country.                                                        3(b)
15. passing through a liquid                                                                1
16. the nature of X-rays .                                                                     3(a)
17. passed through a transparent medium                                         1
18. That was the question that Raman asked                                      3(c)
19. Optics, the science of light                                                            3(a)
20. It was a high honour                                                                     1

Now fill in the blanks with ‘a’ ‘an’ or ‘the’.
1. In 1987 M.S. Swaminathan was awarded ——– Ramon Magsaysay Award.
2. We dined yesterday at ——– Maurya Sherton hotel.
3. Tejaswini lent me ——– interesting book.
4. My father is ——– school teacher.
5. M.S.Swaminathan worked at ——– Indian Agricultural Research Institute.
6. Rekha bought ——– long notebook yesterday.
7. Sravani is eating ——– mango now.
8. Ganesh always carries ——– umbrella with him.
9. Rambabu is ——– English teacher in a high school.
10. Manjula and Sruthi play ——– guitar well.
Answer:
1) the
2) the
3) an
4) a
5) the
6) a
7) a
8) an
9) an
10) the

Writing

I. Write a paragraph on J.C. Bose using the hints given below. You must use the right linkers to join the sentences.

J.C. Bose – Indian scientist – born 30-09-1858 – St. Xavier’s School, Calcutta – abroad for higher studies – returned in 1885 – published a monograph, Response in the Living and Non-living – became famous – Fellow of the Royal Society in 1920 – wireless telegraphy in 1895 – the Crescograph – plants have life – the Bose Institute in Calcutta – devoted to the study of plants – died 23-11-1937.
Share your draft with your partner and refine your draft in the light of the suggestions offered by him.
Answer:
Jagadish Chandra Bose (J.C. Bose) was a famous Indian scientist. He was born on 30th September, 1858.
J.C. Bose studied at St. Xavier’s School in Calcutta. Later he went abroad for higher studies. He returned to India in 1885. He published a monograph which was about the response in the living and the non-living. He became famous by being a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1920.
J.C. Bose invented wireless telegraphy in 1895. He proved that plants have life. J.C. Bose invented Crescograph, an instrument with which the growth in plants can be known.
J.C. Bose founded the Bose Institute in Calcutta. He devoted most of his life to the study of plants. J.C. Bose passed away on 23rd November, 1937.

II. The passage given below has some errors in the use of capital letters, verbs, prepositions and articles. Edit the passage by underlining the incorrect parts and writing them correctly over the space available. The first one is done for you.

Raman was borne (born) on November 7, 1888, in tiruchirapalli at tamil nadu. He finishes his m.a. course at Presidency college in chennai. He became member of the indian association for cultivation of science. He took up a administrative job in the finance ministry in Calcutta. He was elected the royal society of London in 1924 and the british government made him a knight of the british empire in 1929. He was first indian scholar who studied wholly in india and received the nobel prize.
Answer:
The incorrect parts in the given passage have been underlined. Given below is the passage with no incorrect parts.

Raman was born on November 7, 1888 at Tiruchirapalli in Tamil Nadu. He finished his M.A. course at Presidency College in Chennai. He became a member of the Indian Association for Cultivation of Science. He took up an administrative job in the Finance Ministry in Calcutta. He was elected to the Royal Society of London in 1924 and the British Government made him a knight of the British Empire in 1929. He was the first Indian scholar who studied wholly in India and received the Nobel Prize.

Study Skills

I. Study the pie charts and answer the questions given below them.

Distribution of Weight in Human Body.

1. Which of the following constitute most of the weight in the human body?
(a) water (b) proteins (c) dry elements (d) bones
Answer:
(a) water

2. Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) Proteins constitute 11 per cent of the human body.
(b) Dry elements constitute 15 per cent of the human body.
(c) Hormones, enzymes and other proteins constitute 2/5 of the human body.
Answer:
(c) Hormones, enzymes and other proteins constitute 2/5 of the human body.

3. If a person’s weight is 100 kilograms, how much do his bones weigh?
Answer:
20 Kgs

4. If the proteins in a person weigh 12 kilograms, what will be his weight?
Answer:
50 Kgs

5. Are the bones in our body heavier than the water in our body? Support your answer.
Answer:
No, they are not. Water constitutes 65 per cent of our weight.

Listening and Speaking

Your teacher will read the passage “The Inventor of Inventors’. Listen carefully and answer the questions given below.

Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.’ -Thomas Alva Edison

Thomas Alva Edison, the greatest inventor of all times, is the most suitable example of his own saying. This great, outstanding US inventor had the credit of making 1001 inventions. Can you imagine a world without electric light, recorded music, cinema, etc. which are the contributions of this great genius?

Edison was born on February 11, 1847 at Milan, Ohio. His father was in-charge of a light house at Lake Huron. Although he could not continue his studies in his school, he was very inquisitive from his boyhood to learn by understanding. When he was only ten years old, he set up a laboratory in the basement of his father’s work place. He loved to mix liquids and powders to observe the reactions.

At the age of 12, he began selling newspapers and candy in trains. As a very keen observer, he learnt some preliminary techniques of telegraphy from the station master, which led him later to work as a roving telegrapher. During his stint as a supervisor in a Telegraph company, he created a stock printer. With the money received from it, he set up a laboratory for carrying out his experiments and research work. In subsequent years he invented phonograph — the machine for recording and reproducing sound. Edison thus made man’s voice immortal. In 1878. he demonstrated the light bulb — a carbon filament electric bulb.

While experimenting on electric lamp, he discovered an important scientific principle known as ‘Edison Effect’. This discovery led to the invention of electron valves and the modern electronics industry rests on this principle. In 1882, he set up a power generating station which supplied power to a few residents of New York City. Later, he developed the kinetograph which was the first step towards motion picture camera. Cinema houses are here today because of the inventive genius of Edison. His other inventions include the spheres of X-rays, telephone and other electronic items. His inventions made him one of the richest men in America.
This great genius passed away on 18 October, 1931.

I. Say whether the following statements are true or false.

1. When Edison was twelve, he established a school. ( )
2. Edison discovered an important scientific principle known as the Edison Effect. ( )
3. Edison was a poor observer. ( )
4. Edison’s father was a school teacher. ( )
5. Edison loved to mix liquids and powders to observe the reaction. ( )
Answer:
1. False
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. True

Here is a list of inventions. Put a ( ✓)against them if it was invented by Edison.

III. GROUP WORK

1. Thomas Alva Edison invented electric bulb. If there were no electric bulbs, how would be our life?

Mother: What are you doing Ramu?
Ramu: Nothing mom!
Mother: Why aren’t you doing anything my boy? Tomorrow you’ve a terminal exam.
Ramu: How can I read mom? The power has gone.
Mother: Why? You can read under a kerosene lamp or under a candle.
Ramu: Kerosene lamp gives out a lot of smoke. It smells bad. More than that, the smoke may cause irritation to my eyes.
Grandmother: So! You can’t use the oil lamp for at least an hour. That too in emergency! But we’ve struggled all our lives with them.
Ramu: That is your fate ! But today we are all comfortable with electric bulbs.
Mother: If there were no electric bulbs, what would be our lives ?
Ramu: I can’t imagine ! Damn the dark world ! We are not supposed to live in darkness. At night we would be blind and were to grope for everything in darkness. There will be no progress in human life. Life comes to a standstill. We have to go back to the middle ages. Thank God ! Thomas Alwa Edison was born hundred and seventy five years ago and invented the electric bulb.
[Just then power comes and brighten the whole city with its splendid and gorgeous lights.] Thank you Edison ! We are always very much grateful to you. Now mom, I am going to read my lessons.

2. Debate the following proposition :

‘Science has proved to be more a curse than a blessing.’ Divide the groups into two sets. One set of students speak in favour of the motion and the other against it. They may use the words / expressions listed in the box.

Conversation
Answer:
‘A’ – At the outset, I would like to emphasise that it is not science that has proved to be more a curse than a blessing but its use by selfish man that has proved to be a real curse.
‘B’ – May I begin by saying that unless there is something wrong in science itself, it cannot be abused. Hence science is a curse.
‘C’ – I must take strong exception to what ‘B’ has said. Even a very useful product may be abused because of either lack of proper knowledge or malintention.
‘D’ – Whatever may be one’s views, I must add that science is definitely a blessing. But no blessing comes to us with 100% positive uses. We must learn to use the positive side of it and ignore the negative side. That’s how wise people use science.
‘E’ – We may conclude with supporting “D’. We must all work hard to minimize the evil results of science and maximise its good effects. Then there wouldn’t be any scope for sayings like ‘Science is a more a bane than a boon’.

IV. Listen to the conversation between Sindhu and Mary.

Sindhu: Mary, where have you been all the week?
Mary: Um…I had been to Hyderabad.
Sindhu: Hyderabad? Why? Why did you go there?
Mary: You know, my uncle lives there. I went there to visit him.
Sindhu: That’s nice. But did you visit any place?
Mary: Oh!Yes, I visited a museum . It’s wonderful.
Sindhu: Really! What kind of museum is it?
Mary: It’s a science museum.
Sindhu: Science museum? But it should be boring.
Mary: Not a bit. I learnt a lot about many interesting things. You must see it.
Sindhu: Is it that much interesting? Could you tell me something more about it?
Mary: Oh! It takes a long time. Now I am in a hurry. I will talk about it later.

Now work with your partner and ask and answer questions about the science fair that might have been organised in your school or district. Use the following questions too.
1. When did you go to the science fair?
2. What things did you see there?
3. Which was the most interesting thing you noticed there?
Answer:
Vlnod: Hi, Santosh. You haven’t been seen these days;
Santosh: Hi, Vinod. Ya I had been to Khammam.
Vlnod: Why? What is the purpose?
Santosh: Don’t you know that a science fair has been going on there?
Vlnod: A science fair? No, I don’t know about it. When did you go there?
Santosh: Vinod, our science teacher told us about It last Saturday. I went there on Sunday.
Vlnod: Oh! I didn’t come to school on Saturday. Any way, what did you see there?
Santosh: I saw a lot many exhibits. It took two full days for me to just go round the stalls.
Vinod: OK. Then just tell me about the most interesting thing you saw there.
Santosh: The exhibit on conservation of water impressed me a lot. May be because
I am interested in the subject.
Vinod: How long will the science fair be open, Santosh? I too feel like visiting it.
Santosh: It will be open, till the day after tomorrow.
Vinoid: Then I will start for Khammam today itself. Bye Santosh!

C.V. Raman, the Pride of India Summary in English

Chandrasekhar Venkata Raman was an eminent Indian Scientist. He was the first scholar who studied wholly in India. He was the first Indian Scientist to receive the Nobel Prize in Physics. He was also the first Asian as well as the first non-white to receive the Nobel Prize.

C. V. Raman was born at Tiruchirapalli in Tamil Nadu on November 7, 1888. His father was a college physics teacher. Right from the start, Raman was a brilliant student. So, when Raman passed his matriculation, his parents wanted to send him abroad for higher studies. But a British surgeon told them not to send him abroad as he was not healthy enough. Raman did his M.A. course at Presidency College in Madras (now called Chennai).

Raman was fond of the Science subject. When he was 19, he became a member of the Indian Association for Cultivation of Science. The headquarters of it was an old building on the busy Bowbazaar Street in Calcutta. Meanwhile Raman took up an administrative job in the Finance Ministry in Calcutta so as to respect the wishes of his parents.

In his youth, Raman was mainly interested in acoustics, the science of sound. He studied how stringed instruments like the sitar and the violin could produce harmonious music. He became a knight of the British Empire in 1929.

With equipment worth only Rs. 200 and limited facilities available in his laboratory, Raman was able to make a discovery known as the Raman Effect, which won him the Nobel Prize in physics in 1930. Earlier, in 1927, Professor A.H. Compton had won the Nobel Prize for the Compton Effect. Compton Effect says that the nature of X-rays changes when passes through the matter. Raman Effect says that the nature of light changes when passes through transparent medium. Raman’s advice to the young scientists was to look at the world around them and not to confine themselves to their laboratories. Raman passed away in 1970 on November 21.

C.V. Raman, the Pride of India Glossary

lost in thought: giving all your attention to something so that you do not notice what is happening around you

transparent (adj): allowing you to see through it

sophisticated (adj): advanced and capable

equipment (n): the things that are needed for a particular activity

modification(n): change

discovery (n): the process of finding something that was not known about before

red-letter day (Idiom): an important day

surgeon (n): a doctor who is trained to perform surgery

abroad (adv): in or to a foreign country

flag (v): decline, become less

stringed Instrument (n): any musical instrument with strings (eg. the violin, the sitar etc.)

harmonious (adj): very pleasant

knight (n): a man of high social rank a person with the title

confine (v): to restrict

received (v): got

passed away (v): died

remarkable (ad)): memorable

mainly (adv): primarily

keen (adj): eager

hailed (v): admired

made (v): placed

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 4C The Emperor’s New Clothes Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Solutions Chapter 4C The Emperor’s New Clothes

7th Class English Chapter 4C The Emperor’s New Clothes Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Was the king wise?
Answer:
No, the king was not wise.

Question 2.
What would have happened if the old minister had told the king the truth?
Answer:
If the old minister had told the king the truth, he would have called that the minister a fool. And he would not have punished the weavers.

Question 3.
Why did everyone pretend that they could see the cloth?
Answer:
Everyone pretended that they could see the cloth because the weavers had said that fools could not see their cloth and so they did not want to be considered fools.

Question 4.
There are people who cheat as the weavers did. Share with your classmates what you know about such cheats.
Answer:
What I know about them is that they appear to be correct and our helpers. They pass nice and. sweet words which make us spell-bound. Later they cheat us. We lose something. So we should think well about what some boys say. We should analyse their words and find out the fact. We may, then, do what they say.

If everything you touched became gold, would you be happy?

King Midas was a very greedy king. Even though he was very rich, he always craved for more and more. Every day he prayed God for more and more. One day, God appeared before him and granted him a wish. Midas asked, “Give me golden touch – everything I touch should become gold.” God smiled and granted him the golden touch saying, “Anything that you touch will turn into gold.” The King was delighted with his good fortune. Everything he touched turned into gold. He turned trees, grass, tables, chairs, flowers, and vases into gold. He thought that he must be the richest man in the world.

But in the evening, when he sat down for supper, King Midas was not so happy. His food turned into gold the moment he touched it and’ he had to go to bed without any food! However, King Midas was too greedy to be sad about it.

The next morning, the King’s daughter ran to hug her father. But alas! The minute she kissed him, she turned into a gold statue! King Midas, who loved his daughter very much, was very sad and he ran to the temple for help. He cried, “God, please help me, I don’t want to be rich anymore. I only want my beloved daughter back.” God changed everything back to normal. King Midas had learnt his lesson and was never greedy again.

The Emperor’s New Clothes Summary in English

Once there lived an Emperor. He was very fond of new clothes. He spent his money on getting new clothes for himself.

One day two men came to his court. They said they could make the most beautiful cloth in the world for the Emperor. The Emperor was very much pleased with their words. They also told the Emperor that their cloth was so special that only wise people could see it, but fools could not. The Emperor thought by wearing clothes made with that cloth, he could see who were wise and who were fools in his kingdom. So the Emperor gave them a lot of money and told them to begin their work at once.

The two men were given a special room for their work. In that room, they set up two looms. They acted to be working. But there was nothing on the looms. They asked the king to give them the finest silk and the purest gold thread. The king did so. But they put those in their bags and acted working at the empty looms until late at night.

One day the king sent his old minister to the weavers to know how they were getting on with his cloth. The minister entered their room. He felt surprised to see nothing on the looms and the men doing nothing. The weavers asked the minister how the cloth they made was. The minister thought that if he said the truth, he would be treated as a fool. So, though he could see nothing there, he said that the cloth was very splendid.

Next time, the king went into the room along with his officers. Both the king and the officers could see nothing there. But they all said that the cloth was very beautiful.

At last the weavers said that the cloth was ready. They cut it with a huge pair of scissors in the air. They stitched the clothes with needles without any thread in them.

They told the Emperor that the clothes were ready. The weavers said that they made the trousers and the coat for the king. The officers said that they were beautiful though they could see nothing there. Even the king could see nothing but he could not admit it.

The two young men asked the king to put on the new clothes that they had made. The Emperor took off all his clothes and pretended to be putting on the new clothes. He knew he wore nothing but did not complain because he would thought to be a fool if he said the truth.

The Emperor walked along in the procession. People in the street cried that the Emperor’s new clothes were beautiful. But a little child said that the king had got nothing on, at all. Then all the people there cried that the king had got nothing on. The king felt greatly ashamed and unhappy. He knew that the people were right. But the procession had to go on.

The Emperor’s New Clothes Glossary

be fond of: like very much

weavers (n): people who weave cloth with thread

pretended (v): acted

foolish (n): person having no knowledge / wisdom

empty (adj): nothing

take off (v): remove

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 12 Data Handling InText Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Maths Solutions 11th Lesson Data Handling InText Questions

Let’s Do (Page No. 159)

Question 1.
Take a die. Throw it and record the number. Repeat the activity 40 times and record the numbers. Represent the data in a frequency distribution table using tally marks.
Solution:

(Page No. 159)

Question 1.
In what way is the bar graph better than the pictograph ?
Solution:
Bar graphs are better indicative as they show exact numerical value. Also, to indicate negative values and positive values, it looks easier in a bar graph.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 4B Dear Mum Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Solutions Chapter 4B Dear Mum

7th Class English Chapter 4B Dear Mum Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Who do you think is responsible for all the mischievous deeds?
Answer:
I think it is none but the’ naughty boy who is responsible for all the mischievous deeds.

Question 2.
Why was there a strange jam stain on the kitchen wall? How do you think did it happen?
Answer:
There was a strange jam stain on the kitchen wall because the boy must have taken out the jam in the kitchen in his mother’s absence and he might have touched the wall with the jam- stained fingers.

Question 3.
Did the boy play only indoors? Support your answer.
Answer:
Yes, I think the boy played only indoors. The things happened in the house during the absence of his mother clearly indicate that he had done all those while playing indoors.

Question 4.
What do the muddy foot prints on the carpet suggest?
Answer:
It suggests that the boy might have invited some of his friends into his house to play indoors and they all walked with muddy foot on the carpet.

II. Work in pairs and discuss.

Question 1.
Have you ever been mischievous? Share with your partner some mischievous deeds that you have done in the past.
Answer:
Yes. I have been mischievous quite often. I used to turn off the burning stove in the middle of cooking. Turning on lights during day time, allowing cat to drink milk, giving away new chappals of father to beggar, etc. are other activities of mischief. They are too many to list out.

Question 2.
If you were mischievous like the boy in the poem, how would your mother react?
Answer:
My mother would react with a smile and gentle warning most of the times. She would be very angry and beat me sometimes.

Project

I. Read one or two stories about Tenali Raman and share them in your groups.

A Story about Tenali Raman’s Wit

Tenali Ramalinga was a jester and courtier in the court of king Krishnadevaraya. He was known for his wit and humour.

Tenali Ramalinga’s wife had a lot of jewels. She wore them in the day. At night, she put them away, in a box. She kept the box in her bedroom.

Tenali Ramalinga had two servants. They were rogues.

One day the two servants decided to steal the jewels. One servant said to the other, “We will steal the jewels in the night.” Then the other servant said. ‘Yes, it’s a good idea because in the night, they will be asleep. Then we will easily take away the box of jewels.” At that time, Ramalinga was standing behind the two servants and overheard what they had said. It was dark and so they did not see Ramalinga.

At night, they stood behind the door of the bedroom. Ramalinga knew that they were behind the door. So he said loudly, to his wife, “My dear! We hear that these days thefts are increasing. So our bedroom is not the safe place to keep the box of your jewels, in. I shall drop this box of jewels into the well which is in our garden.” The servants thought that the box of jewels would be dropped into the well. But Ramalinga cleverly took out all the jewels from the box and filled the box with small stone-pieces. Later he came out with box, went to the well and dropped the box into the well. He then returned to his bedroom.

After sometime, the two servants went to the well. They began the work of drawing out the water from the well. They poured the water into the garden. They did this work all the night, yet they couldn’t draw out all the water from the well. At day break, one servant said, “Friend, we’ll stop the work now and do it again tonight.” When they were about to go out, Ramalinga called them to his side. They turned, saw him and were surprised and speechless. Ramalinga told them, “You dirty rogues ! You wanted to steal my wife’s jewels. That’s why 1 filled the box with stones and threw it into the well. Nevertheless, you did one good thing. You watered the garden completely by drawing out the water from the well, all the night. Because of your bad conduct, I dismiss you both. Get lost now itself.” The two servants lost their job and went away.

II. Make a fun cap.

Kings have gone. Jesters have gone. Now, we have only jokers in circuses or comedy shows. They wear fancy dresses and a round cap on their heads. Work in pair, one student should give the following instruction and other has to follow it and do accordingly.

1. Take a round colour drawing sheet and cut it along the dotted lines.
   
2. Hold both the corners of the sheet and overlap the cut parts to fit like a cap. Use two paper clips to hold the shape or apply gum along the edge to fix.
   
3. Decorate your cap by pasting shapes of different colours, (e.g. triangles, flowers, squares, circles, etc.)
   
4. Cut long strips of different colours.
5. Make a small cut on the top of your cap and push the ends of the long strips inside through the hole and paste them inside.
   

Dear Mum Summary in English

The poet says that some naughty children do naughty things both at home and at school. They cover their mistakes pr faults cleverly and nicely.

In this poem, a naughty boy made mischief when her mother was not at home. When she returned, before her mother’s asking him why he had done those things, the boy began to tell his mother the reasbns for various happenings in the house during her absence. He said that while she was out, a cup went and broke itself. A crack appeared in the blue vase. He did not turn on the tap but mysteriously the sink overflowed. He also expressed his surprise on how the cat managed to turn on the washing machine (especially from inside) or how the self-raising flour’ managed to self-raise. He said he was terribly afraid when a series of muddy footprints appeared on the new white carpet. He said he was not the cause of all these happenings and that he was good and honest. He said that he thought that the house was haunted, by ghosts, when he had gone over to his grandmother.

Dear Mum Glossary

mysteriously (adv): strangely

scared (v): frightened of something

haunted (adj): (of a building) believed to be visited by ghosts

have a fit (phr. v): to be shocked, upset or angry

self-raising flour (n): flour that contains a substance which makes cakes swell when they are cooked

gran (n): grandmother

for a bit: for a while

turn on (phr. v): switch on

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 3 HCF and LCM InText Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Maths Solutions 3rd Lesson HCF and LCM InText Questions

(Page No. 35)

Question 1.
How does the Sieve of Eratosthenes work ?
Solution:
The following example illustrates how the Sieve of Eratosthenes, can be used to find all the prime numbers that are less than 100. .
Step 1: Write the numbers from 1. to 100 in ten rows as shown below.
Step 2: Cross out 1 as 1 is neither a prime nor a composite number.
Step 3: Circle 2 and cross out all the multiples of 2. (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, ………… )
Step 4: Circle 3 and cross out all the multiples of 3. (3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18,………….)
Step 5: Circle 5 and cross out all the multiples of 5. (5, 10. 15, 20, 25……………… )
Step 6: Circle 7 and cross out all multiples of 7. (7, 14, 21. 28, 35, ………………….. )

Circle all the numbers that are not crossed out and they are the required prime numbers less than 100.

First arrange the numbers ffom 1 to 100 in a table as shown above.
Enter 6 numbers in each row until the last number 100 is reached.
First we select a number and we strike off all the multiples of it.
Start with 2 which is greater than 1.
Round off number 2 and strike off entire column until the end.
Similarly strike off 4th column and 6th column as they are divisible by 2.
Now round off next number 3 and strike off entire column until end.
The number 4 is already gone.

Now round off next number 5 and strike off numbers in inclined fashion as shown in the figure (they are all divisible by 5). When striking off ends in some row, start again striking off with number in another end which is divisible by 5. New striking off line should be parallel to previous strike off line as. shown in the figure.
The number 6 is already gone.
Now round off number 7 and strike off numbers as we did in case of number 5.
8,9,10 are also gone. .
Stop at this point.
Count all remaining numbers. Answer will be 25.

Prime numbers :
There are 25 prime numbers less than 100.
These are:

What if we go above 100 ? Around 400 BC the Greek mathematician. Euclid, proved that there are infinitely many prime numbers.

Co-primes: Two numbers are said to be co-prime if they have no factors in common. Example: (2, 9), (25, 28)
Any two consecutive numbers always form a pair of co-prime numbers.

Example:
Co-prime numbers are also called relatively prime number to one another.
Example: 3, 5, 8, 47 are relatively prime to one another/co-prime to each other.

Twin primes: Two prime numbers are said to be twin primes, if they differ by 2.
Example: (3, 5), (5, 7), (11, 13), …etc.

Prime factorization: The process of expressing the given number as the product of prime numbers is called prime factorization.
Example: Prime factorization of 24 is
24 = 2 x 12
= 2 x 2 x 6
= 2 x 2 x 2 x 3, this way is unique.

Every number can be expressed as product of primes in a unique manner. We can factorize a given number in to product of primes in two methods. They are
a) Division method
b) Factor tree method

Common factors: The set of all factors which divides all the given numbers are called their common factors.
Example: Common factors to 24, 36 & 48 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 & 12
Factors of 24 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 & 24
Factors of 36 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18 & 36
Factors of 48 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24 & 48
Common factors to 24, 36 & 48 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 & 12
We can see that among their common factors 12 is the highest common factor. It is called H.C.F. of the given numbers. So H.C.F. of 24, 36 & 48 is 12.

H.C.F./G.C.D : The highest common factor or the greatest common divisor of given numbers is the greatest of their common factors.
H.C.F. of given two or more numbers can be found in two ways.
a) By prime factorization
b) By continued division
H.C.F. of any two consecutive numbers is always 1.
H.C.F. of relatively prime/co-prime numbers is always 1.
H.C.F. of any two consecutive even numbers is always 2.
H.C.F. of any two consecutive odd numbers is always 1.

Common multiples:
Multiples of 8: 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48,
Multiples of 12: 12, 24, 36, 48, … .
Multiples.common to 8 & 12: 24, 48; 72, 96, …
Least among the common multiple is 24. This is called L.C.M. of 8 & 12. The number of common multiples of given two or more numbers is infinite, as such greatest common multiple cannot be determined.

L.C.M.: The least common multiple of two or more numbers is the smallest natural number among their common multiples.
L.C.M. of given numbers can be found by the
a) Method of prime factorization.
b) Division method.
L.C.M. of any two consecutive numbers is always equal to their product.
L.C.M. of 8 &9 is 8 x 9 = 72
L.C.M. of co-prime numbers is always equal to their product.
L.C.M. of 8 & 15 is 8 x 15 = 120

Relation between the L.C.M. & H.C.F:
For a given two numbers Nj & N2 , the product of the numbers is equal to the product of their L.C.M.(L) & H.C.F.(H)
N₁ x N₂ = L x H

Check Your Progress (Page No. 29)

Question 1.
Are the numbers 900, 452, 9534, 788 divisible by 2? Why?
Solution:
Yes. Because these numbers have 0, 2, 4 and 8 in their ones place. The numbers having 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 in their ones place are divisible by 2.

Question 2.
Are the numbers 953, 457, 781, 325, 269 divisible by 2? Why?
Solution:
No. Because, these numbers have 3, 7, 1, 5 and 9 in their ones place. The numbers having 0, 2,
4, 6 and 8 in their ones place are only divisible by 2. So, these are not divisible by 2.

Question 3.
Are the numbers 452, 673, 259, 356 divisible by 2? Verify.
Solution:
452 and 356 have 2 and 6 in their ones place respectively.
So, they are divisible by 2.
673 and 259 have 3 and 9 in their ones place respectively.
So, they are not divisible by 2.

Question 4.
Check whether the following numbers are divisible by 3 (using rule). Verify by actual division.
(i) 12345 (ii) 61392 (iii)8747
Solution:
i)12345
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5=15 is a multiple of 3.
If the sum of the digits of a number is the multiple of 3, then the number is divisible by 3.
So, 12345 is divisible by 3.

ii) 61392
6 + 1 + 3 + 9 + 2 = 21is a multiple,of 3.
If the sum of the digits of a number is a multiple of 3, then the number is divisible
by 3.

So, 61392 is divisible by 3.

iii) 8747
8 + 7 + 4 + 7 = 26is not a multiple of 3.
If the sum of the digits of a number is a multiple of 3, then the numbei is divisible by 3. So, 8747 is not divisible by 3.

So, 8747 is not divisible by 3.

Let’s Explore (Page No. 29)

Question 1.
Is 8430 divisible by 6? Why?
Given number is 8430.
The given number has zero in the ones place.
So, 8430 is divisible by 2. –
And the unit sum is8 + 4 + 3 + 0 = 15 is a multiple of 3.
So, 8430 is divisible by 3.
If a number is divisible by both 2 and 3, then only it is divisible by 6.
8430 is divisible by both 2 and 3.
Therefore 8430 is divisible by 6.

Question 2.
Take any three 4 digit numbers and check whether they are divisible by 6.
Solution:
Consider: i) 5632, ii) 6855, iii) 9600 are three 4 digit numbers.
i) 5632 has 2 in its ones place. So, 5632 is divisible by 2.
The unit sum is
5 + 6 + 3 + 2 = 16 is not a multiple of 3. So, 5632 is not divisible by 3.
If a number is divisible by both 2 and 3, then only it is divisible by 6.
5632 is qnly divisible by 2, but not divisible by 3.
So, 5632 is not divisible by 6.

ii) 6855 has 5 in the ones place. So, 6855 is not divisible by 2.
6 + 8 + 5 + 5 = 24 is a multiple of 3.
So, 6855 is divisible by 3.
If a number is divisible by both 2 and 3, then only it is divisible by 6.
6855 is not divisible by 2, but it is divisible by 3.
So, 6855 is not divisible by 6.

iii) 9600 has ‘0’ in the ones place. So, 9600 is divisible by 2.
9 + 6 + 0 + 0 = 15 is a multiple of 3.
So, 9600 is divisible by 3. .
If a number is divisible by both 2 and 3, then only it is divisible by 6, 9600 is divisible by 1 both 2 and 3.
So, 9600 is divisible by 6.

Question 3.
Can you give an example of a number which is divisible by 6 but not by 2 and 3? Why?
Solution:
No. We can’t give any example, because if any number is divisible by both 2 and 3, then only it is divisible by 6. Otherwise it is not possible.

Check Your Progress (Page No. 30 & 31))

Question 1.
Test whether 6669 is divisible by 9. ,
Solution:
Given number is 6669.
Sum of the digits = 6 + 6 + 6 + 9 = 27 is divisible by 9
If the sum of the digits of a number is divisible by 9 then, it is divisible by 9. ” 27 is divisible by 9. So, 6669 is divisible by 9.

Question 2.
Without actual division, find whether 8989794 is divisible by 9.
Solution:
Given number is 8989794.
Sum of the digits =8+9+8+9+7+9+4=54 – 1
If the sum of the digits of a number is divisible by 9.
Then, it is divisible by 9.
54 is divisible by 9. So, 8989794 is divisible by 9.

Question 3.
Are the numbers 28570, 90875 divisible by 5? Verify by actual division also.
Solution:
a) Given number be 28570.
The numbers with zero or five at ones place are divisible by 5
28570 has zero in its ones place. So, 28570 is divisible by 5.
Actual division :

So, 28570 is completely divisible by 5.

b) Given number is 90875
In 90875, ones place digit is 5. So, 90875 is divisible by 5.
Actual division :

In the given number 90875 the digit in the units place is 5,
‘ So, it is divisible by 5.
So, 90875 is divisible by 5.

Question 4.
Check whether the number 598, 864, 4782 and 8976 are divisible by 4. Use divisibility rule and verify by actual division.
Solution:
a) Given number is 598.
The number formed by the digits in tens and ones places of 598 is 98.
If the number formed by last two digits (Ones and Tens) of the number is divisible
by 4, then the number is divisible by 4.
98 is not divisible by 4. So, 598 is not divisible by 4.

b) Given number is 864.
The number formed by tens and ones places of 864 is 64.
If the number formed by last two digits (ones and tens)
of the number is divisible by 4, then the number is divisible by 4.
64 is divisible by 4. So, 864 is divisible by 4.

c) Given number is 4782.
The number formed by ones and tens places of 4782 is 82.
If the number formed by last two digits (ones and tens) of the number is divisible by 4, then the number is divisible by 4. 82 is not divisible by 4.

d) Given number is 8976.
The number formed by the digits in tens and ones places of 8976 is 76.
If the number formed by last two digits
(Tens and ones) of the number is divisible by 4. Then the number is divisible by 4.
76 is divisible by 4. So, 8976 is divisible by 4.

Question 1.
Fill the blanks and complete the table. (Page No. 32)
Solution:

Lets Explore (Page No.33)

Question 1.
1221 is a polindrome number, which on reversing its digits gives the same number. Thus, every polindrome number with even number of digits is always divisible by 11. Write polindrome number of 6 – digits.
Solution:

There are some polindrome number of 6 – difits.

Check Your Progress (Page No.34)

Question 1.
Find the factors of 60.
Solution:
60 = 1 x 60
60 = 2 x 30
60 = 3 x 20
60 = 4 x 15
60 = 5 x 12
60 = 6 x 10
∴ The factors of 60 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, 60.

Question 2.
Do all the factors of a given number divide the number exactly? Find the factors of 30 and verify by division.
30 = 1 x 30
30 = 3 x 10
30 = 2 x 15
30 = 5 x 6
The factors of 30 are 1, 2, 3, 5, 6,10, 15 and 30.

Yes, the factors of a given numbers are divide the number exactly.

Question 3.
3 is a factor of 15 and 24. Is 3 a factor of their difference also?
Solution:
Difference = 24 – 15 = 9 is the multiple of 3.
Yes, 3 is a factor of difference of 15 and 24.

Let’s Explore (Page No. 35)

Question 1.
What is the smallest prime number?
Solution:
2

Question 2.
What is the smallest composite number?
Solution:
4

Question 3.
What is the smallest odd prime number?
Solution:
3

Question 4.
What is the smallest odd composite number?
Solution:
9

Question 5.
Write 10 odd and 10 even composite numbers.
Solution:
Odd composite numbers are 9, 15, 21, 25, 27, 33, 35, 39, 45, 49.
Even composite numbers are 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22.
Except 2, every even number is a composite number.

Let’s Explore (Page No. 36)

Question 1.
Can you guess a prime number which when on reversing its digits, gives another prime number? (Hint a 2 digit prime number)
Solution:
13 and 31; 17 and 71, 37 and 73 79 and 97.

Question 2.
311 is a prime number. Can you find the other two prime numbers just by rearrang-ing the digits?
Solution:
113, 131

Check Your Progress (Page No. 36)

Question 1.
From the following numbers identify different pairs of co-primes. 2, 3,4, 5,6,7, 8, 9 and 10.
Solution:
The numbers which have only 1 as the common factor are called co-primes, (or) Numbers having no common factors, other than 1 are called co-primes.
2,3; 2, 5; 2, 7; 2, 9; 3,4; 3, 5; 3, 7; 3, 8; 3,10; 4,5; 4, 7; 4, 9; 5, 6; 5, 7; 5,8; 5, 9; 6, 7; 8, 9 and 9,10. These are the different pairs of co-primes with 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10.
1) Any two primes always forms a pair of co-primes.
2) Any two consecutive numbers always form a pair of co-primes.
3) Any two primes cilways form a pair of co-primes. .

Question 2.
Write the pairs of twin primes less than 50.
Solution:
Two prime numbers are said to be twin primes, if they differ each other by 2.
Twin primes less than 50 are (3, 5); (5, 7); (11,13); (17, 19); (29, 31) and (41, 43).

(Page No. 36)

Question 1.
Find the HCF of 12, 16 and 28
Solution:

Thus 12 = 2 x 2 x 3
16 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2
28 = 2 x 2 x 7
The common factor of 12, 16 and 28 ¡s 2 x 2 = 4.
Hence, H.C.F of 12, 16 and 28 is 4.

Let’s Explore (Page No. 40)

What is the HCF of any two
i) Consecutive numbers ?
ii) Consecutive even numbers ?
iii) Consecutive odd numbers? What do you observe? Discuss with your Mends.
Solution:
Consider the two consecutive number are 5, 6 and 9, 10.

We observed that HCF of any two consecutive numbers is always 1.

ii) Consider two consecutive even numbers are 8, 10 and 20, 22.

We observed that HCF of any two consecutive even numbers is always 2.

iii)Consider the consecutive odd numbers are 7, 9 and 13, 15.

We observed that HCF of any two consecutive odd numbers is always 1.

(Page No. 42)

Question 1.
Find LCM of (i) 3, 4 (ii) 10, 11 (iii) 10, 30 (iv) 12, 24 (v) 3, 12 by prime factorization method.
Solution:
i) Given numbers are 3, 4
Factors of 3 = 1 x 3
Factors of 4 = 2 x 2
LCM of 3, 4 = 1 x 3 x 2 x 2 = 12

ii) Given numbers are 10, 11
Factors of 10 = 2 x 5
Factors of 11 = 1 x 11
LCM of 10, 11 = 2 x 5 x 11 = 110

iii) Given numbers are 10, 30
Factors of 10 = 2×5
Factors of 30 = 2x3x5
LCM of 10, 30 = 2 x 3 x 5 = 30

iv) Given numbers are 12, 24
Factors of 12 = 2x2x3 ,
Factors of 24 =. 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
LCM of 12, 24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 = 24

v) Given numbers are 3,12 Factors of 3 = 1×3
Factors of 12 =2 x 2 x 3,
LCM of 3, 12 = 3 x 2 x 2 = 12

(Page No. 43)

Question 1.
What is the LCM and HCF of twin prime numbers ?
Solution:
LCM = Product of the taken twin primes and HCF = 1

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 4A Tenali Paints a Horse Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Solutions Chapter 4A Tenali Paints a Horse

7th Class English Chapter 4A Tenali Paints a Horse Textbook Questions and Answers

Look at the following picture and answer the questions that follow.

Question 1.
Look at the title and guess what you are going to read about?
Answer:
I am going to learn about the painting of a horse, painted by Tenali Raman.

Question 2.
Who do you think is the person with the turban?
Answer:
He is Krishnadevaraya, the King of Vijayanagara.

Question 3.
Can you name the person sitting on the throne?
Answer:
He is King Krishnadevaraya.

Question 4.
What do you think Tenali Raman will do its the story?
Answer:
As per the title, I think Tenali Raman will make painting of a horse, show it to the king and say something about it.

Question 5.
Can you share a story about Tenali Raman?
Answer:
Yes, I can’ tell a story.

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Why did Tenali Raman look displeased?
Answer:
Tenali Raman looked displeased because there was no completeness in the artist’s painting. The other side of the men in the painting and the face of the cow in the painting were not seen. He thought that it was not a good painting.

Question 2.
How did the king reward the artist? What would you have done if you had been in the king’s place?
Answer:
The king gave a bag of gold for his paintings saying that they were impressive. I would have given money or some valuable things to the artist.

Question 3.
Why did the king call Tenali Raman an ignorant fool?
Answer:
The king called Tenali Raman an ignorant fool because Raman said that only one side of the two men in the painting was seen. He also said that the face of the cow in the painting was not seen.

Question 4.
What do you think is the reason for the courtiers sniggering?
Answer:
The reason was that they strongly believed that Tenali Raman could not present a painting better than that of the artist and that Raman would lose the bet.

Question 5.
What was the bet between the king and Tenali Raman?
Answer:
The bet between the king and Tenali Raman was that if Raman could bring the king a painting that was at least half as good as the paintings of the artist, the king would give Raman a bag of gold and the title, ‘King of Artists’.

Question 6.
If you were Tenali Raman, would you accept the bet?
Answer:
If I were Raman, I would accept the bet because in my view, I would certainly win the bet.

Question 7.
How did Tenali Raman win the bet?
Answer:
Tenali Raman painted only the tail of a horse and showed it to the king. He said he had painted a beautiful horse. When the king said that he couldn’t see a horse in his painting, Raman said that the missing parts were to be imagined as the king had earlier said. Thus he won the bet.

Question 8.
Could you predict that Tenali Raman would win the bag of gold?
Answer:
Yes, I could predict it because Tenali Raman was very clever and witty.

Question 9.
If you were Tenali Raman, what would you do?
Answer:
If I were Tenali Raman, I would also have painted an incomplete picture so as to say that the missing parts were to be imagined.

Question 10.
Can you suggest a different ending to the play? Discuss it in your group.
Answer:
The different ending is bringing the painting that could display completeness in it and showing it to the king to please him and get the reward from him.

Vocabulary

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words given below.

1. Birbal was a ——– in the court of Akbar.
2. The teacher was ——– with the nice work done by his pupils.
3. Sarada paid a ——– for not paying the fees on time.
4. When I visited Kashmir, the mountains were ——– with snow.
5. You should use your ——– when you look at a painting.
Answer:
1. jester
2. pleased
3. penalty
4. covered
5. imagination

II. Phrasal Verbs:

A phrasal verb is a phrase which consists of a verb and a preposition or an adverb or both, the meaning of which is different from the meaning of its separate parts.
You have really caught him out, Sir.
Perhaps his painting is so good that he can’t bear to part with it.
The words in bold are Phrasal verbs. The phrase ‘caught out’ means ‘showed that somebody does not know much. The phrase ‘part with’ means ‘to give something to somebody else, especially something that you would prefer to keep.

1. Consult a dictionary and list other phrasal verbs beginning with ‘catch’ and‘part’ Write some sentences of your own for each phrasal verb.
Answer:
Some phrasal verbs with ‘catch’:
1. catch on: become popular or fashionable.
Example: Guravaiah invented a new game but it never really caught on.
2. catch out: surprise somebody and put them in a difficult position.
Example: Many investors were caught out by the fall in share prices.
3. catch up: reach somebody who is ahead by going faster.
Example: Go on ahead. I will catch up with you.
4. catch upon: spend extra time doing something because you haven’t done it earlier.
Example: I have a lot of work to catch upon.
Phrasal verb with ‘part’: part with: give up, give away
He won’t part with his money, no matter what.

2. Read the following passages, circle the phrasal verbs, and guess their meanings. You may choose the meanings from the list given in the box. Write the phrasal verbs and their meanings in your notebook. Write one sentence of your own for each phrasal verb.

1. Ramana Rao’s house was robbed of. Venkateswara Rao, the inspector of police who was looking into the case released the picture of the suspect and asked the people to look out for him. In a press release, he said that he had some clues and that the robber could not get out of the case.
2. Bhanu joined a new company. In the beginning, she had problems with her manager. But now she is getting on with her new boss very well. Initially, she had problems with her paying-guest accommodation too. But the superb food her host served made up for the uncomfortable room. Now the problem is with looking after the host’s children. They are like little devils. God only knows how she would get through this.
Answer:
1. Ramana Rao’s house was robbed of. Venkateswara Rao, the inspector of police who was looking into the case released the picture of the suspect and asked the people to look out for him. In a press release, he said that he had some clues and that the robber could not get out of the case.
2. Bhanu joined a new company. In the beginning, she had problems with her manager. But now she is getting on with her new boss very well. Initially, she had problems with her paying-guest accommodation too. But the superb food her host served made up for the uncomfortable room. Now the problem is with looking after the host’s children. They are like little devils. God only knows how she would get through this.
a) looking into: investigating
b) look out for: notice someone
c) get out of: avoid or escape
d) getting on: managing
f) looking after: take care of
e) made up for: compensated for
g) get through: succeed

Sentences using the above phrasal verbs:
a) The police are looking into Nitya’s murder case.
b) Look out for Pandu while you’re there.
c) I reckon her backache was just a way of getting out of the housework.
d) Of late, Prakash is getting on quite well with his superiors.
e) This year’s good harvest will make up for last year’s bad one.
f) We look after the neighbour’s pigeons while they’re away.
g) We can’t get through to the government just how serious the problem is!

III. Idioms:
Read the following sentence from the play:
It’s only fair that if he doesn’t make good his boast…
The underlined phrase is an idiom. What is an idiom? An idiom is a phrase similar to the phrasal verbs you have just learnt. It is difficult to guess the meaning of an idiom by looking at the individual words. Here ‘make good’ means ‘to carry out a promise’.
Some other idioms that begin with make are: make merry, make do, make it, make the most of something, make something of yourself, and make like.
1) make merry: enjoy oneself by singing etc.
It is free time and all the students are making merry in the playground.
2) make do: manage
It is really my bad luck that I have always to make do.
3) make it: be successful
He has a strategy to make it in any area of activity.
4) make something of yourself: to be successful in life.
He made something of himself very quickly.
5) make like: act or behave in a specified way.
He was forced to make like the officer.

Look up these idioms in a dictionary and find out what they mean.
Here are some more idioms. Guess their meanings and use them in your own sentences:
1. once in a blue moon
2. bury the hatchet
3. to make both ends meet
4. to burn the midnight oil
Answer:
1. Once in a blue moon: Very rarely
Ex: My sister Padmaja lives in Australia, so I only see her once in a blue moon.
2. Bury the hatchet: forget the enmity.
Ex: They decided to bury the hatchet and try to be friends again.
3. To make both ends meet: earn money for one’s living
Ex: Jesse, to make both ends meet, had to run against horses.
4. To burn the midnight oil : work or study until late at night.
Ex: Just before examinations, she burns the midnight fail.

Grammar

I. Short forms

You have already learnt that an apostrophe shows that something belongs to someone or something before it. It has another use. When one or more letters are omitted in a phrase, an apostrophe is put where they have been left out; thus making it a short form of the original word. Short forms are used when we write a conversation, as it was done in the play you read. However, when these elements are used as main verbs, (Kamala is a lawyer) or used for emphasis (I will do it.), they are not contracted.

1. Pick out some short forms( contracted forms) used in the play and write their full forms in your notebook as shown above.
Answer:

2. Read the following conversation between Sarada and Usha and rewrite it in your notebook using the short forms.
Sarada: What are you going to do after school?
Usha: I will go home and take rest for an hour.
Sarada: Then, when will you cook supper for your children?
Usha: I need not cook today. I have made some Pulihora in the morning. We will eat it for supper too.
Sarada: Forgot to tell you this. I planned a quiz for 6th class children. Are you coming tomorrow?
Usha: I will not. I am taking leave for two days.
Sarada: Why? Are you going somewhere?
Usha: I would love to do that. But my mother-in-law is visiting us tomorrow.
Sarada: Then you will have a hard time, I suppose.
Usha: I do not think so.
Answer:
Sarada: What are you going to do after school?
Usha: I’ll go home and take rest for an hour.
Sarada: Then, when’ll you cook supper for your children?
Usha: I needn’t cook today. I’ve made some Pulihora in the morning. We’ll eat it for supper too.
Sarada: Forgot to tell you this. I planned a quiz for 6th class children. Are you coming tomorrow?
Usha: I’ll not. I’m taking leave for two days.
Sarada: Why? Are you going somewhere?
Usha: I’d love to do that. But my mother-in-law is visiting us tomorrow.
Sarada: Then you’ll have a hard time, I suppose.
Usha: I don’t think so.

II. Adverbs of manner
Revision:

We can make adverbs from adjectives by adding –ly as shown below:
Adjective + ly = adverb
safe + ly = safely
eager + ly = eagerly
However, you should remember that all adverbs are not formed in the same way.
For example you can’t add –ly to the following adjectives to make adverbs: good, fast.

Adverbs of manner tell us the manner in which something happens. They are usually placed after the main verb or after the object.
Look at the following sentences from the play you have read.
1. The courtiers are waiting eagerly for Tenali to bring in his painting.
2. Tenali looks at the giggling courtiers angrily and walks out.
In the first sentence the adverb ‘eagerly’ comes after the main verb Awaiting’.
In the second sentence the adverb ‘angrily’ comes after the object ‘courtiers’.

Difference between an adjective and an adverb:
An adjective qualifies or describes a noun or a pronoun.
Ex : She is beautiful. He is sad.
An adverb qualifies or describes a verb or an adjective or an adverb itself.
Ex : 1. He paints beautifully. (adv)
2. He paints very beautifully. (adv)
Generally, by adding ‘ly’ to adjectives, adverbs can be formed.

Adjective + ly = Adverb
Ex : 1. soft + ly = softly
2. safe + ly = safely
3. eager + ly = eagerly
4. sad + ly = sadly
5. slow + ly = slowly
6. slight + ly = slightly
7. sweet + ly = sweetly
8. nice + ly = nicely

However, it is to be noted that all adverbs are not formed merely by adding – ‘ly’.
Example: The adverb of good is well but not goodly.
The adverb of fast is fast but not fastly.
Adverbs come after the main verbs.
Ex: They are waiting eagerly for my brother.
Adverbs can come after the objects.
Ex: She looks at them angrily.
Adverbs of manner indicate the manner or the way some action is done. Ex: He goes silently.
It says how he goes.
Adverbs of manner can be identified by getting the answer for the word ‘how’.

Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.
Tick (✓) the sentences where the adverb of manner is put after the object and put a cross(✕) against the sentences where the adverb of manner is put immediately after the main verb.
Answer:
1. Sriram speaks ______ English. He speaks English ______. (correct)
2. Saleem is a ______ tailor. He makes dresses __________. (careless)
3. You always speak _________ . Please speak _______. (loud, quiet)
4. Be _______ and do your homework __________. (careful, correct)
5. Nandu is a _______ reader. He reads books very _________. (slow)
6. Please be _______ or do your work ________. I want to sleep. (quiet)
7. My mother shouted _________ when I showed my progress card.(loud)
8. Please listen ________ .(careful)
9. P.T.Usha is a ________ runner. She runs very _______. (fast)
10. Raghavathi is a _________ teacher. She teaches very ______. (good, well)
Answer:
1) correct: correctly (✓)
2) careless; carelessly (✓)
3) loudly ; quietly (✕)
4) careful; carefully (✓)
5) slow, slowly (✓)
6) quiet; quietly (✓)
7) loudly (✕)
8) carefully (✕)
9) fast; fast (✕)
10) good; well (✕)

Writing

Imagine that you were the King Krishnadevaraya. Now narrate an account of what had happened in your court. You can start like this:

One day, an artist came to my court and showed me some paintings. They were very beautiful. I liked them very much. Everyone in the court liked them except Tenali Raman ….
Answer:
One day, an artist came to my court and showed me some paintings. They were very beautiful. I liked them very much. Everyone in the court except Tenali Raman liked them. Tenali Raman said that the other side of the two men and the face of the cow were not seen in the picture. So they were not such good paintings. I thought that he was an ignorant fool. I told him everything could not be painted and he should imagine the missing bits of the painting. Then he bet that hb could paint better than that picture. I also bet him if he could paint a picture that was half as good as the picture drawn by the artist. I said I would give him a bag of gold and the title “King of Artists”. All the courtiers thought how scornful he was. They were certain he would lose the bet. But I knew he was clever and somehow he would get out of it. Eventually the day on which Tenali Raman was to show his paintings came. Everyone was eagerly waiting for him. It was lunch time. Raman not yet came. The courtiers took advantage of the situation and made ridiculous remarks against him. I was hungry and impatient. Then there came Raman followed by two men carrying a painting covered with a sheet of cloth. When Tenali gestured, the men lifted the cloth to display the painting. The painting had only a few curved strokes of black on the right hand edge and a few lines of green at the bottom below it. Raman said that he had drawn a black magnificent black stallion with a white star on its forehead. But I did not see anything on it. I was very much angry. I thought he was insulting me. There was nothing on this canvas. When I expressed my wrath he said that we should use our imagination when we looked at the paintings. He said that the horse was just outside the canvas grazing at grass. I thought he paid me in my own coin. The old rascal, he was clever, a hard nut to crack, defeated all the courtiers as usual. I gave him a bag of gold, as I had promised earlier.

Study Skills

Jesters used to entertain people with their wit and humour. Now we have comedians in films doing that job. Here is an interesting passage about one such comedian Mr. Rajababu.

Read on:
Sri Rajababu was a famous comedian in Tollywood. He was born in Rajahmundry, East Godavari District in Andhra Pradesh on 20 October 1937. He entered Tollywood in 1960 and acted until 1981. In his 21 year film career, he acted in more than 550 movies.
Can you imagine what he was doing before entering the Telugu Film Industry? Believe it or not, he was working as a Telugu teacher! Imagine how much fun his students might have had. Between 1955 and 60 he acted in many dramas. 1960 was a milestone in his life because that was the year in which he had his first chance to act in a film called ‘Samajam’. From that time onwards he never looked back. He married Lakshmi Ammalu in 1965. In 70’s he had become a very popular comedian and won many Filmfare Awards. His combination with Ramaprabha was a super hit and they were considered the best comedy pair.
In 1972 he acted as a hero for the first time in the movie Tata Manavadu.’ He acted as a hero in four more films. He produced films too. In 1974 he produced the film ‘Evariki Vare Yamuna Theere’. His film career came to an end in 1981 with the film ‘Gadasari Atta Sogasari Kodalu’. He could not act because of his ill health. This wonderful comedian, who was fondly called ‘Haasya Nata Chakravarthi’ passed away on 7 February, 1983.
Now, write the important events in the life of Mr. Rajababu on the timeline given below:

Answer:

Listening and Speaking

Your teacher will read the story ‘The Miser’ Listen carefully and answer the following questions :

The Miser
Once there was a very rich man. He was a miser. He ate cheap food and spent very little money. He lent money to small shopkeepers at a high rate of interest. In this way, he earned a lot of money.

Every morning he went out to see the shopkeepers and came home at midday. The miser had a watchman to look after his house. The watchman lived in a hut near the gate. He liked fish, and his wife cooked it for him every day. The watchman told his wife, “Cook the fish before midday. Our master will be out then. He doesn’t eat meat or fish, and he will not like the smell of fish.”

One day the master came home early. He walked past the watchman’s hut and caught the smell of fish. It was a nice smell and he liked it very much.

That afternoon, he called the watchman and asked him, “What were you cooking today?”
The watchman said quickly, “I won’t do it again, sir. Please forgive me.”
The miser said, “Don’t be afraid. I am not angry. What was your wife cooking? Please tell me.”
The watchman said, “We were cooking fish.”
The miser said, “Please cook it every day. I like the smell very much.”
The watchman and his wife thought, “Our master is mad.” But they cooked fish everyday.
After a month, one evening, the watchman and his wife came to see their master.

“Sir, you like the smell of fish,” the watchman said to his master, “so we cook it everyday. But fish is not cheap. It is very expensive. It costs us a lot of money. I earn only thirty rupees a month. You ordered us to cook fish even though we cannot afford it. So please give us money for the fish.”

The miser thought for a while. Then he said, “Oh, all right. Wait here.” He went into his room and shut the door behind him. He took out some silver coins from a bag. He dropped them one by one on the floor. The watchman and his wife heard the tinkle of the coins and were very happy. They said, “He is going to give us all that money!”
After sometime their master came out and sat down on a chair. He then asked the watchman and his wife, “Did you hear the tinkle of the coins?”

“Yes, sir, we did,” said the watchman.
“Did you enjoy it?” asked the miser.
“Yes, sir,” said’the watchman and his wife. –

The miser then said, “All right. I enjoyed the smell of your fish and you enjoyed the sound of my coins. I didn’t ask for your fish, so don’t ask me for my money. Now go away.”

1. Why did the rich man eat cheap food ?
2. Did the rich man like the smell of fish? Do you think he likes eating fish too?
3. If you had a lot of money, would you be a miser? Give reasons.
4. “please cook it everyday. I like the smell very much.” Who said this?
5. Do you think the watchman is honest? Support your answer.
Answer:
1. The rich man ate cheap food because he was a miser and so did not want to spend more money.
2. Yes, the rich man liked the smell of fish very much. Yes, he liked eating fish too.
3. If I had a lot of money, I would not be a miser. I would spend money on having a comfortable living and eating rich and healthy food.
4. The rich man (miser) said those words.
5. Yes, he was. Because he cooked fish for his master with his money instead of demanding for money.

I. Work in groups. Some groups can work on scene 1 and the others on scene 2.Rehearse and then present it before the class.
Answer:
Practise reading and enacting the ‘Tenali Raman Paints a Horse’.

II. Put yourself in the shoes of Tenali Raman and narrate what had happened in the court.
Answer:
One day when I was in the court of King Krishnadevaraya along with the other courtiers, an artist came to the king.

He showed his beautiful paintings to the king. We all looked at his paintings. The king was very much impressed with his paintings. He praised the artist saying that his painting was so beautiful and natural that he could almost feel the peace of the village scene. The king said that he was a very talented artist: The king gave him a bag of gold and asked the artist to stay in his court for some days for presenting him some more beautiful paintings. The artist was well-pleased and accepted his proposal. All the other courtiers also praised the artist for his beautiful paintings. But I was not happy as I did not like them. I told the king that the paintings were not very good as they had no completeness. Some parts of the painting were not seen. They were missing. The king, then, said that everything could not be painted. He also said that the missing parts must be imagined. Then I told the king: I could paint a better painting. Then the king bet that if I could bring him a better painting in a month’s time, he would give me a bag of gold and the title ‘King of Artists’. I accepted his bet. He gave me the paints and the paper.

After a month, I showed the king my, painting. I said that I had drawn the beautiful picture of a horse. The king got angry, saying that he could not see any horse in my painting. Then I said the tail of that the horse was seen and the rest of the horse was outside the canvas. It was to be imagined as everything could not be painted, as had earlier been stated by the king. Then the king understood my words and said that I had got the better, of him. He gave me a bag of gold praising that I was the cleverest man in his kingdom.

Tenali Paints a Horse Summary in English

Krishnadevaraya was the king of Vijayanagara. Tenali Raman was a poet and jester at his court: Tenali Raman was famous for his wit and intelligence. On many occasions, he made the king laugh at his jokes and witty answers.
The present drama ‘Tenali Paints a Horse’ is a proof of his wit.

One day, a great artist from another kingdom came to the court of the King. Krishnadevaraya. He showed the king his paintings. The king and all the courtiers except one were impressed with his paintings. It was only Tenali Raman who was not pleased with his paintings. The king said that the painting showed by the artist was indeed very beautiful and he could almost feel the peace of the village scene. He praised the artist and gave him a bag of gold. He asked the artist to stay in his court and paint some more beautiful paintings. Then Tenali Raman said that the paintings were not good. He said that the other side of the ‘ two men in the painting was not seen. Besides, the face of the cow, in the painting was missing. Then King Krishnadevaraya said that it was not possible for any painter to paint everything and that the missing bits in the paintings had to be imagined.

Then Tenali Raman told the king that he could paint better than the artist’s painting. King Krishnadevaraya told Tenali Raman that if he could paint a better painting, he would give him a bag of gold and the title ‘King of Artists’. He also told Raman to bring his painting in a month’s time. He said he would give Raman the paints and the paper. Tenali Raman replied he would return there after a month with his painting and show it to the king. Saying that, Raman left the court. All the other courtiers said that Raman could not paint a better painting nor would he complete and bring into the court in a month’s time.

A month’s time passed. The king was eagerly waiting with his courtiers for Tenali Raman’s return with his painting. As promised, Raman came into the court and showed the king his painting. Raman said that he had drawn the picture of a beautiful horse. Looking at the painting, the king got astonished and angrily said that he could see nothing on the canvas. Raman replied humbly that the edge of-the horse’s tail in the corner was clearly seen and that the rest of the horse was just outside the canvas grazing at some lush green grass. The rest of the horse was to be imagined because according to the king, the missing bits were to be imagined. The king understood his wit, felt happy and kept his promise to Raman.

Tenali Paints a Horse Glossary

1. wit (n): the ability to say clever and amusing things

2. jester (n): a man who tells jokes and funny stories

3. gestures (n): signals with hand

4. stallion (n): an adult male horse

5. imagination (n): guessing or expectation

6. paintings (n): pictures that have been painted

7. magnificent (adj): extremely attractive and impressive

8. whisper (v): speak very quietly to somebody so that other people cannot hear

9. display (v): show something to people

10. graze (v): eat grass that is growing in a field

11. canvas (n): a strong heavy rough material used by artist for painting

12. bet (v): risk money on race/event by trying to predict the result

SCERT AP 7th Class Social Study Material Pdf 5th Lesson Kakatiya Kingdom Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Social 5th Lesson Questions and Answers Kakatiya Kingdom

7th Class Social 5th Lesson Kakatiya Kingdom Textbook Questions and Answers

Review Of Your Previous Knowledge

Observe the given Map and respond to the following questions.

Question 1.
Which dynasties do you observe in the given map?
Answer:

1. Rajput kingdoms
2. Delhi Sultanate
3. Eastern Gangas
4. Kakatiya kingdom
5. Hoyasalas
6. Pandyas

Question 2.
According to given map who ruled Andhra region?
Answer:
Kakatiya Kingdom.

Question 3.
Name the South Indian kingdoms in the given map?
Answer:

1. Delhi Sultanate
2. Eastern Gangas
3. Kakatiya Kingdom
4. Pandyas.

Improve Your Learning

I. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
How did the Kakatiyas emerge as independent rulers?
Answer:

1. Early Kakatiyas served as a feudatories to the Rashtrakutas and the Western Chalukya kings.
2. They were holding the posts of village heads called Rattadi and through their military skills became army chiefs, Samanthas, etc., and gained control over Ammakonda in Telangana.
3. The Kakatiyas emerged as independent rulers after the fall of Western Chalukyas.

Question 2.
Explain about the Kakatiya’s Administration.
Answer:
Kakatiya’s Administration :

1. The administration of the kingdom was organised on a military basis.
2. The Kakatiyas divided their territories among a number of military chiefs known as Nayankara.
3. The Nayankara had to maintain a stipulated number of troops for the services of the king.
4. The village administrative divisions were divided into two main classes, the Sthala and the Nadu.
5. The Sthala consisted of a group of villages ranging perhaps from 10 to 60 in number.
6. Nadu formed out of a combination of several Sthalas.
7. The villages were looked after by village officials called Ayagars.
8. The village was the basic unit of administration.

Question 3.
Who were Nayankara? Why were they appointed?
Answer:
Nayankara who served as a feudatory to the Kakatiyas obtained grants of lands from the Kakatiya monarchs to enable them to maintain their status.

“The skilled warriors are called Nayankar.”

They were appointed to collect the taxes and the maintain the army.

These Nayankaras were always loyal to the king or queen.

Question 4.
Describe the Kakatiya art and architecture.
Answer:
Art and Architecture of Kakatiyas :

1. The Thousand pillar temple and Ramappa temple were glorious constructions of the Kakatiya dynasty.
2. The iconic Kakatiya Toranam was built by Ganapathi Deva.
3. The scenic Pakhal Lake in Warangal is one of the famous.
4. The Thousand pillar temple has rock cut elephants and the monolithic dolerlte rock Nandi are the main attractions.
5. Ramappa temple was built with brick.
6. The carvings on them depict flowers, creepers, elephants, gandharvas, dancers, epic stories, etc.
7. Among the statues Yakshini’s and Nagini’s are most attractive.
8. Some of the pillars of that temple produce Saptaswaras.
9. Kakatiya temple architecture shows fantastic smooth carving of black-marble stone.
10. They followed Mandapa, Antaralaya and Garbha griha model with pillar sculptures. This style is called Thrikuta method.
11. UNESCO recognised this art and architecture as world heritage centres.

Question 5.
Read Introduction paragraph “During medieval period …………. art and architecture” comment.
Answer:
During the medieval period five important kingdoms are there in South India. Among them Kakatiyas are very famous.

1. Though they faced so many rampages from other kingdoms the Kakatiya’s did their best to protect their kingdoms.
2. They put more effort to promote unity among the regions which are under their control.
3. They encouraged local languages with the help of poets and scholars.
4. The protect their own architecture with the construction of temples and arches, etc.

Question 6.
Rudrama Devi, Ganapathi Deva, Prola raj II, Mahadev Rudra deva. Following rulers arrange in a chronological order.
Answer:
Kakatiya Rules:

1. Prola Raju-II : 1115-1157 C.E
2. Maha Deva : 1195-1199 C.E
3. Ganapathi Deva : 1199-1262 C.E
4. Rudramma Devi : 1262-1289 C.E

Question 7.
A European traveller visited Rudrama Devi reign. Who was he and which country did he come from?
Answer:
Marco Polo an Italian traveller visited Rudrama devi’s court.

Question 8.
Write a short note on the Economic and Social life of people in the Kakatiya reign.
Answer:
Economic Social life of people :

1. Some of the farmers get the land from the king on rent purpose these are called Artha Seeri.
2. The Kakatiyas brought large tracts of forest land under cultivation.
3. For the encouragement of agriculture rulers dug many tanks and constructured reservoirs.
4. During this period trade tax, lllari (house tax), Pullari (forest products), tax upon of flock (Addapatlu Sunkam) were imposed.
5. The imposed professional tax on artisans.
6. They appointed officials called Sunkadhikavisfor tax collection.
7. The Kakatiya kings gave much importance to foreign trade.
8. They developed Motupalli Port for this purpose.
9. In this period many women members of royal families made land grants.
10. Land, tanks, money, cattle, jewellery, etc., were donated to temple’s, brahmins and others.

Question 9.
Which regional dynasties emerged in the south India in Medieval era?
Answer:
During the medieval period five important kingdoms emerged in South India.
They are:

1. The Chalukyas of Kalyani,
2. The Yadavas,
3. The Kakatiyas,
4. The Hoyasalas and
5. The Pandyas.

Question 10.
Locate the following places in India map.
a) Godavari river b) Motupalli c) Warangal d) Devagiri
Answer:

II. Choose the correct answer.

1. Founder of the Kakatiya Dynasty was ………….
a) Gundyana
b) Recharla Rudra
c) Ganapathi deva
d) Jayapa
Answer:
a) Gundyana

2. The Kakatiyas worshipped the mother goddess ……………..
a) Ammathalli
b) Kakati
c) Tripurasundari
d) Maisamma
Answer:
b) Kakati

3. Siva tatava saaram was written by ……………..
a) Mallikharjuna Panditharadya
b) Jayapa
c) Palkurki Somanadha
d) Nanne Choda
Answer:
a) Mallikharjuna Panditharadya

4. In every village some land was kept under king’s possession it was …………….
a) Velipolam
b) Rachapolam
c) Thotapolam
d) All the above
Answer:
b) Rachapolam

5. Motupalli inscription was issued by ………………
a) Rudrama Devi
b) Rudra Deva
c) Prataparudra
d) Ganapathi Deva
Answer:
d) Ganapathi Deva

III. Match the following.

Answer:

IV. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. Ramappa temple is located at ………………… .
2. Vilasa Grant referred to ………………… Nayaka.
3. Rekhapalli lies in the ………………… river basin.
4. Educational institutions Ghatikas were established by ………………… kingdom.
5. Capital of Yadavas ………………… .
Answer:

1. Warangal near Palampet village.
2. Prolaya
3. Sabari
4. Chalukyas of Kalyani
5. Devagiri

Puzzle

Draw boxes with help of given clue words.

1. Early capital of Kakatiya’s (11)
2. Women ruler in Kakatiya’s (11)
3. New capital of Kakatiya’s (8)
4. Prataparudra lost his throne due to the invasion of (9)
5. Nrutya ratnavali written by (6)
6. A fortified building called (4)
7. Women ruler (5)
8. Tax on forest products (7)
9. House tax (6)
10. The place where ships are allowed (4)
11. Founder of Chalukyas (7)
Answer:

1. Hanukonda
2. Rudrama Devi
3. Orugallu
4. Ulghu Khan
5. Jayapa
6. Fort
7. Queen
8. Pullari
9. lllari
10. Port
11. Thilapa

7th Class Social 5th Lesson Kakatiya Kingdom InText Questions and Answers

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 72

Question 1.
Have you heard any news related to ancient excavations and remains of historical monuments? Discuss in class.
Answer:
Yes, I heard some news about excavations in recent times.

Madurai: A granite plough and a tiny terracotta cubical dice have been found during the latest excavations at Keeladi ancient site in Tamilnadu.

R. Sivanatham, Deputy Director of Archaeology, State Archaeological Department, said the cubical dice has numbers one, two, three, four, five and six marked on it with depressions.

The three-sided granite plough is indicative of the fact that the people of Keeladi was indulged in farming according to him.

Think & Respond

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 68

Question 1.
How do you think Rudrama Devi got those brave adventurous qualities?
Answer:
It was possible because that she was trained well from her childhood in the martial arts as well as in administrative skills.

They helped her to lead large armies and become a good administrator.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 69

Question 2.
Why did the Kakatiya rulers transfer the Nayankaras frequently?
Answer:
Nayankara were given several villages from where they could collect tax, but they did not keep the villages permanently.

They could be transferred at the will of the king to a new place.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 71

Question 3.
What aspects do you observe while visiting a temple?
Answer:
I observed the following aspects :

1. This temple is famous for Vishnu and Siva being combinedly worshipped in the same place.
2. Temple was built with brick.
3. The statues of this temple were made of black granite stone.
4. They used decorative art very beautifully.
5. The statue of Nandi here is very splendid.
6. Some of the pillars of that temple produce Saptaswaras.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 73

Question 4.
Why did all the local kings form into an alliance?
Answer:
The local kings formed an alliance to protect themselves from Muslim invasions.

Ex : Prolaya Verna Reddy and Prolaya Nayaka had joined efforts to drive the Muslim rule out from their area.

Explore

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 64

Question 1.
Know the duration of the Medieval period with the help of your teacher.
Answer:
The Medieval period may be divided into two periods.
1. The Early Medieval period which lasted from the 6th to the 13th century and the “Late Medieval period” which lasted from the 13th to 16th century, ending with the start of the Mughal empire in 1526 A.D.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 67

Question 2.
Find out more details about Kakatiya Kala Thoranam from the internet.
Answer:

1. The arch was built around 12th century during the rule of Kakatiya dynasty.
2. The monument was included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage site.
3. The Warangal Fort has four Arnamental gates to the destroyed great Shiva temple which are known as Kakatiya Kala Toranam.
4. These gates or arches in the Warangal Fort are said to have similarities with the gateways of the Sanchi Stupa.

7th Class Social Textbook Page No. 73

Question 3.
Let us discuss : What do we learn from History?
a) We should know the past and act wisely in future.
b) We should learn the heritage and culture from the past
Now add your opinion ……………………
…………………………………………………..
Answer:

1. History helps us develop a better understanding of the world.
2. History teaches a working understanding of change.
3. History gives us the tools we need to be decent citizens.
4. History makes us better decision makers.

Project Work

Collect the pictures related to Kakatiya kingdom and prepare photo album.
Answer: