Class 6

SCERT AP Board 6th Class English Solutions 4th Lesson What Can a Dollar and Eleven Cents do? Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class English Solutions 4th Lesson What Can a Dollar and Eleven Cents do?

6th Class English 4th Lesson What Can a Dollar and Eleven Cents do? Textbook Questions and Answers

Observe the following picture and answer the questions.

Question 1.
What can you say about the shop?
Answer:
It is a medical shop. Here we can buy medicines.

Question 2.
When does one go to such shops?
Answer:
One goes to such shops when one needs medicines.

Question 2.
Why do you think the girl has come to the shop?
Answer:
I think the girl has come to the shop to buy medicines for someone.

Question 3.
What do you think is the girl saying to the shopkeeper?
Answer:
I think the girl is requesting the shopkeeper to give some medicines.

Question 4.
Does she look happy? What makes you think so?
Answer:
I think she doesn’t look happy. I think someone who is very close to her is suffering from illness. So she is sad.

Question 5.
Who might be ill?
Answer:
Someone who is a relative

Reading Comprehension

I. Choose the correct answer.

1. Who was Andrew?
a) An eight year old child
b) Tess’s brother
c) Shopkeeper
d) Neurosurgeon
Answer:
b) Tess’s brother

2. “We don’t sell miracles here.” Who said these words?
a) Tess
b) Andrew
c) Chemist
d) Armstrong
Answer:
c) Chemist

3. The exact price of the miracle was
a) Dollar.
b) Eleven cents.
c) a dollar and eleven cents.
d) hundred cents.
Answer:
c) a dollar and eleven cents.

II. Say whether the following statements are True or False. Give reasons for your answer. Correct the false statements.

1. Andrew’s parents had very little money.
Answer:
True

2. Tess’s parents were very poor.
Answer:
True

3. Tess’s parents were not interested to take her little brother, Andrew, to the hospital.
Answer:
False

4. Andrew was seriously ill.
Answer:
True

5. Tess thought that “a miracle” was the medicine that was available in a medical store.
Answer:
True

Reasons:

1. Andrew’s parents had very little money and, therefore, they couldn’t pay his doctor’s bills.
2. Tess’s parents were very poor and so they were moving to a smaller house.
3. Tess’s parents were interested to take her little brother, Andrew, to the hospital. But they had little money.
4. Andrew was seriously ill and so he needed an operation.
5. Tess thought that “a miracle” was the medicine that was available in a medical store and as such she asked the chemist to give her ‘a miracle’.

III. Tick the correct answer.

1. “I’m sorry,” the chemist said, because the miracle die girl had asked for……
a) was not available in his shop.
b) was very costly.
c) was not a medicine.
Answer:
c) was not a medicine.

2. Dr. Armstrong wanted
a) to help the child. t
b) to collect a lot of money,
c) to make fun of the child.
Answer:
a) to help the child.

IV. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Do you think less can buy the miracle with her savings? Why?
Answer:
I don’t think Tess can buy the miracle with her savings. Tess understands that the ‘miracle’ is also a kind of medicine and so she wants to buy it with the little money she has.

Question 2.
Why did the mother say that the surgery was a real miracle?
Answer:
The mother says that the surgery was a real miracle because their family was very poor. They couldn’t afford to $pend money for the operation. So they lost their hopes and gave up their efforts to save Andrew. At that time, Dr. Armstrong came as if he was a god and saved Andrew. So it was really a miracle for them.

Question 3.
What did the little girl understand by the word “miracle”?
Answer:
The little girl understood that ‘miracle’ was a kind of medicine.

Question 4.
What kind of a man was Dr. Armstrong?
Answer:
Dr. Armstrong was a man of generosity. When he understood Tess’s family position, without any other thoughts, he operated the boy without taking any money and succeeded. This incident shows us his helping nature.

Question 5.
Find out the words that have been used to describe Tess. Would you like to add some from your side?
Answer:
The words that have been used to describe Tess are ‘her eyes welling up’, ‘barely audible’ and ‘smiled’. Now l would like to add that she is a helpful, good-natured who has a lovable character. She determined to save her brother Andrew with the money she had.

Vocabulary

I. Read the following sentences.

Tess heard her parents talking.
She poured all the money on the floor.
Her mom whispered.

In the above sentences, the past forms of hear, pour and whisper are used to indicate completed actions.

Write the past forms of the following verbs.

Answer:
changed
asked
opened
looked
moved
hesitated
played

II. Fill in the blanks with suitable words given in the box.

a) Last Sunday, I met my friends and we ……… for an hour.
b) My friend asked me to lend my gold chain to her. I ……….. to give it to her.
c) I heard some sounds in my room. I opened the door and ………… a small rat in the corner.
d) My father ………….. me to take a torchlight when I go out during nights.
e) He ……….. cricket yesterday.
Answer:
a) chatted
b) gave
c) noticed
d) cautioned
e) played

III. Read the following sentences.

My father is healthy. He never eats unhealthy food.
In the above sentences unhealthy is the antonym of healthy.
He understood me. But she misunderstood me.
Here the antonym is formed by adding ‘mis’ to ‘understood’.
We can form antonyms by adding certain prefixes to the words.

Make the opposites for the following, by adding suitable prefixes given in the brackets, (mis, un, im, dis, in, ir) Refer to a dictionary if necessary.
e.g. regular × irregular
A. discipline × …………………………
B. understand × …………………………
C. proper × …………………………
D: managed × …………………………
E. appeared × …………………………
F. comfortable × …………………………
G. known × …………………………
H. attentive × …………………………
I. happy × …………………………
J. real × …………………………
K. responsible × …………………………
Answer:
A. discipline × indiscipline
B. understand ×misunderstand
C. proper × improper
D. managed × mismanaged
E. appeared × disappeared
F. comfortable ×uncomfortable
G. known × unknown
H. attentive × inattentive
I. happy × unhappy
J. real × unreal
K. responsible × irresponsible

Grammar

I. Read the following sentences.

Tess smiled.
Tess answered.
The chemist said.
She knew that Andrew was sick.

All the above sentences speak about the actions completed in the past. They are said to be in the past tense. The verb used in such sentences is generally made by adding ‘ed’ or ‘d’ and by making some changes to their present tense form.
‘Said’ and ‘knew’ are the past forms of ‘say’ and ‘know’. Certain verbs like ‘cut’, ‘put’ are the same in their past form also. Verbs such as ‘sit’, ‘hold’ and ‘cut’ are called irregular verbs as they form their past tense differently.
Read the following table.

II. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs given.

Last Sunday I …….(1)…….. (go) to Abhi’s birthday party. All my friends ………(2)…….. (gather) on that occasion. Rehman ………(3)……….. (play) music. John ……..(4)……… (sing) Hindi songs. Sobhan ………(5)……… (dance) to John’s songs. Abhi’s sister …….(6)…….. (distribute) sweets. Abhi ………(7)……… (cut) a cake. Abhi’s grandparents ……..(8)…… (bless) him. Abhi’s father ………(9)……. (present) him a new bicycle. Abhi …….(10)…….. (be) very happy. We all ……..(11)…….. (have) a good time.
Answer:

1. went
2. gathered
3. played
4. sang
5. danced
6. distributed
7. cut
8. blessed
9. presented
10. was
11. had

III. Read the following pairs of sentences.
• She used to play with her brother.
• Ismail used to play kabaddi in his childhood. Now he plays tennis.
• Sarma used to watch English movies when he was eighteen. Now he watches Hindi movies only.
• Yasmin used to run five kilometers every morning when she was young. Now she walks two kilometers every morning.

‘Used to’ is used to speak about things that were habitually done in the past.
Now, write five sentences about the things you used to do when you were in Primary School.
Answer:

1. I used to sit in the front row.
2. I used to wear slippers.
3. I used to eat chocolates.
4. I used to go to school late.
5. I used to play with my friends only.

Writing

I. Diary Writing
You have read in the story that the love of a little child saved the life of her brother. Andrew recovered completely and returned home. Tess was very happy. Let’s see what she wrote in her diary that night.

Now imagine yourself as Tess’s brother Andrew and write a diary entry for the day.
Answer:

II. Picture based story writing
Look at the picture and develop a story by using the words given in the box. Give a suitable title to the story. The beginning and the end of the story have been given. Write in your notebook.

Once there lived a farmer. He had four sons ………………………………. They decided not to quarrel. They lived happily.
Answer:
THE OLD MAN AND HIS FOUR SONS
Once there lived a farmer. He had four sons. The four sons always quarrelled with one another. One day the farmer fell ill. He was worried about his sons’ disunity and their future. He wanted to teach them a lesson to make them know the importance of unity. He called his sons. He gave them a stick each and asked them to break. The sons broke them easily. This time he gave a bundle of sticks each but the sons were unable to break them. They understood the value of unity. They decided not to quarrel. They lived happily.
Moral: Unity is strength.

Talking Time

I. Debate : You have read in the story about the family’s struggle to save the life of their son. Dr.Carlton Armstrong operated on Andrew without any charges. Andrew recovered completely.

Now read the following statement.
‘All persons in the society should be given free medical and health care.’

Debate the above issue.
[Two or three students who support the idea that free medical and health care should be provided to everybody’ should sit on one side. Two or three students who oppose the idea should sit on the other side. Each group should give their opinion on the topic. All the remaining students in the class ask questions, challenge them on their views and present alternative viewpoints to them. The teacher or a student from the class can play the role of a moderator/anchor.]

You may use the following expressions:
• I agree with you, but ……………..
• I disagree with you ……………..
• I strongly feel that ……………..
• I oppose what you say ……………..
Answer:
Moderator : You all know the topic of today. Let’s start with the Supporting Group.

Supporting Group : I think healthcare should be free because humans shouldn’t have to worry about if they can pay to stay healthy.

Moderator : Now it is the turn of Opposing Group. Let’s listen what they will say.

Opposing Group : Health care could not be free because it will never be free. Even if we make it affordable to everyone in our country it will never be “free” because we will have to find a way to cover the cost… And every indication points to this being covered by taxes being raised.

Moderator : Here is a question from audience to Opposing Group.

Question from audience (To Opposing Group) : What about the poor people who cannot afford medical expenditure?

Opposing Group : Nothing in life is “free.” Health care services that a person doesn’t pay for might seem “free” to that person, but it is being paid for by someone else. Any good or service that a person receives should be paid for, and the person should now how much it costs. A problem in the American healthcare system is that because of government healthcare (Medicaid and Medicare) and low insurance co-pays, people are completely out of touch with the true and exorbitant cost of healthcare.

Moderator : Here is a question from audience to Supporting Group.

Question from audience (To Supporting Group): Government should not be obligated to take care of people’s health simply because they pay taxes.

Supporting Group : Government run universal health care is the best way to bring down the costs of health care. On top of that, it frees up businesses from having to find insurance for their employees. It also brings down stress levels in individuals since they don’t have to worry about a major illness bankrupting them.

Moderator: It’s ok. Let’s stop the debate here. Both the groups expressed their opinion very well. They expressed some valid points.

I appreciate their efforts to make the debate successful. Thank you one and all.

II. Read the following sentences.

1. Show me the way to the railway station.
2. Please show me the way to the railway station.
3. Could you please show me the way to the railway station?

All these sentences are used for the same purpose. The second and the third are polite requests.
When we request somebody for something it is always better to be polite.

Read the following sentences which indicate politeness.

1. Please tell me the arrival time of the Charminar Express.
2. Please tell me the platform number of the Godavari Express.
3. Could you please tell me about the wheel chair availability?
4. Could you please tell me whether the Prasanthi Express is running on time or delayed?
5. Could you please tell me the way to the cloak room?

Use the expressions in polite forms. Your classmate/teacher will help you.
A) Bring me some stamps from the post office.
B) Help me in getting down the train.
C) ‘Hold this bag for a while.
D) Wait for me at the tower clock.
E) Lend me hundred rupees. ‘
F) Tell me the bus number to Trunk Road. ‘
G) Watch my luggage till I come back.
H) Feed my pets for two days.
I) Close all the windows.
J) Reduce your TV volume.
Answer:
A) Could you please bring me some stamps from the post office?
B) Please help me in getting down the train.
C) Please hold this bag for a while.
D) Could you wait for me at the tower clock?
E) Could you please lend me hundred rupees?
F) Please tell me the bus number to Trunk Road.
G) Could you please watch my luggage till I come back?
H) Could you please feed my pets for two days?
I) Please close all the windows.
J) Please reduce your TV volume.

III. Imagine that you attended a function last evening. While everybody was in a happy mood, suddenly a snake entered the function hall. Somehow the organizers managed to catch it and handed it over to the zoo authorities.

Now narrate the incident to your friends. You may also narrate some other incidents you came across.
Answer:
Yesterday evening I attended a birthday celebration of my cousin who lives at Santosh Nagar. The function was arranged at S.R.K. Function Hall. My cousin cut the cake in a happy mood while others were cheering. All were in a happy mood. Suddenly one of my relatives cried, ‘Snake! Snake!’. All of us became panic and moved in all directions as we did not know where the snake was. All of us pushed the chairs and they fell down.

But nobody was hurt. Later we came to know that it was an old function hall and there were some rats here and there. A snake entered the function hall chasing a small rat. Our uncle saw that. He informed the organizers about the arrival of the snake. The organizers immediately arrived at the function hall with a snake catcher. He was able to catch it and handed it over to the zoo authorities. All of us sighed.

IV. Say the following words aloud.

Refer to a dictionary and say two more pairs of words with ‘s’ and ‘sh’.
Answer:

Project Work

Though Tess was a young girl and had a little money, she was able to save her brother. Collect a few success stories like that of Tess from magazines and newspapers. Talk about one of them in the class.

1. Kentucky Fried Chicken
The real-life story of Colonel Harland Sanders who was disappointed umpteen times in his life and still made his dream come true late in his life is really inspiring.

He is a seventh grade dropped out who tried many ventures in life but tasted bitter every time. He started selling chicken at his age of 40 but his dream of a restaurant was turned down many times due to conflicts and wars.

Later he attempted to franchise his restaurant. His recipe got rejected 1,009 times before the final approval. And soon the secret recipe, “Kentucky Fried Chicken” became a huge hit worldwide. KFC was expanded globally and the company was sold for 2 million dollars and his face is still celebrated in the logos.

Moral: Have you stopped your attempts to a venture just because you were rejected or failed a few times? Can you even accept a failure of 1009 times? This story inspires everyone to try hard and believe in yourself until you see success despite how many times you have failed.

2. Secret to Success
Once a young man asked the wise man, Socrates, the secret to success. Socrates patiently listened to the man’s question and told him to meet him near the river the next morning for the answer. The next morning Socrates asked the young man to walk with him towards the river. As they went in the river the water got up to their neck. But to the young man’s surprise Socrates ducked him into the water.

The young man struggled to get out of the water, but Socrates was strong and kept him there until the boy started turning blue. Socrates pulled the man’s head out of the water. The young man gasped and took a deep breath of air. Socrates asked, “What did you want the most when your head was in the water?” The young man replied, “Air.” Socrates said, “That is the secret to success. When you want success as badly as you wanted the air while you were in the water, then you will get it. There is no other secret.”

Moral: A burning desire is the starting point of all accomplishment. Just like a small fire cannot give much heat, a weak desire cannot produce great results.

Poem

MY DEPENDENCE
– Rabindranath Tagore

I like to be dependent, and so for ever
with warmth and care of my mother
my father, to love, kiss and embrace
wear life happily in all their grace.

I like to be dependent, and so for ever
on my kith and kin, for they all shower
harsh and warm advices, complaints
full wondering, true and info giants.

I like to be dependent, and so for ever
for my friends, chat and want me near
with domestic, family and romantic
tips colleagues.as well, guide me work at risks.

I like to be dependent, and so for ever
for my neighbours too, envy at times
when at my rise of fortune like to hear
my daily steps, easy and odd things too.

Appreciation

Question 1.
Identify the rhyming words for the following.
embrace –
complaints –
Answer:
embrace – grace; complaints – giants

Question 2.
How do our parents care for our happy life?
Answer:
The mother cares with warmth and the father kisses and embraces with love.

Question 3.
Why should we depend on our kith and kin?
Answer:
We should depend on our kith and kin for getting harsh and warm advices, complaints which are true, helpful and informative.

Question 4.
Do you think we need friends? Why?
Answer:
Yes, I think we need friends. They are always with us in our troubles.

Question 5.
What is the message of the poet in this poem?
Answer:
We are always dependent on others for many things throughout life. Without our parents, relatives, friends, and neighbours we can’t lead our lives happily. They are helpful for us in many ways. They shape our life.

Question 6.
Which phrase in the poem means ‘relatives’?
Answer:
Kith and kin

Question 7.
Be a poet. Try to complete the following poem with words that rhyme with each Other.

I’d love to live a life that’s f……….,
Relax under a shady t………..,
And fall into a dreamy s …p,
With no strict hours to k ……….,
And sing a merry s………..,
Untrodden paths, as I walk a………..g.
You ask me what I’d get to ………..?
Fruits and nuts and berries sw………..t.
You ask me with whom I’d get to p………..
Birds and animals, happy and g………..
And if a woodcutter put a c………..p
Firmly, I would put a st………..
So that’s the life I’d like to I………..d
Free from worries, free from gr………..d.
Answer:
I’d love to live a life that’s free,
Relax under a shady tree,
And fall into a dreamy sleep.
With no strict hours to keep.
And sing a merry song.
Untrodden paths, as I walk along.
You ask me what I’d get to eat?
Fruits and nuts and berries sweet.
You ask me with whom I’d get to play.
Birds and animals, happy and gay.
And if a woodcutter put a chop.
Firmly, I would put a stop.
So that’s the life I’d like to lead.
Free from worries, free from greed.

Fun Time

I. Say the following sentences as fast as you can. Dp it as a pair-activity.

A) She sells seashells by the seashore.
B) I scream, you scream, all scream for ice cream.

II. Read (sing) and enjoy.

There was a young man of Niger Who went for a ride on a tiger.
They returned from their ride,
With the man inside,
And a smile on the face of the tiger.

What Can A Dollar And F.T Fvfn Cents Do? Summary

Tess was an eight year old child. One day she heard that her brother, Andrew was very sick and he needed some operation to be alive. But their family was very poor. Her parents lost their hope and gave up their efforts. Tess heard from her daddy that only a miracle could save her brother. She thought that miracle’ was a kind of medicine. Think¬ing so, she took her jar of coinsi and went to a medical shop. She asked the chemist to give her a miracle by taking the money. The chemist sadly told her that miracles were not sold there. Dr. Carlton Armstrong, a famous neurosurgeon, heard their conversation. Then he asked her how much money she had. She replied that she had one dollar and eleven cents and also told she could manage to get some more. He told her that was the exact price of a miracle for her little brother and asked her to show their house. Dr. Carlton Armstrong admitted Andrew to hospital and operated on him without any charges. Andrew recov¬ered well. Tess’s mum whispered that it was a miracle and she wondered how much it would have cost. Only one person knew the answer to that. That is none other than Tess.

My Dependence Poem Summary

Tagore’s poem ‘My Dependence’ tells us how human beings are dependent on others from birth to death. Tagore says that he is dependent on parents for their care and grace. Later he depends on his relatives for advice. He says that he depends on friends and colleagues for guidance and close friendship. Sometimes he depends on his neighbours to hear the words of envy when he rises his fortune.

My Dependence Poem About the Poet

Rabindranath Tagore [1861-1941] was considered the greatest writer in modern Indian literature. A Bengali poet, novelist, educator, and Nobel Laureate for Literature [1913]. Tagore was awarded a Knighthood in 1915, but he surrendered it in 1919 in protest against the massacre at Amritsar.

SCERT AP Board 6th Class English Solutions 3rd Lesson Little Hearts Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class English Solutions 3rd Lesson Little Hearts

6th Class English 3rd Lesson Little Hearts Textbook Questions and Answers

Look at the picture and answer the questions that follow.

Question 1.
Do you make friends easily?
Answer:
Yes, I make friends easily.

Question 2.
What are Mends for?
Answer:
Friends are toshare our feelings, to ehat and play together. Friends are helpful in times of need.

Question 3.
Have you ever quarrelled with your Mends? If so, for what?
Answer:
Yes, I have quarrelled with my friends many times at play.

Question 4.
Is it hard to forgive Mends?
Answer:
No, it is not hard. It is easy to forgive friends.

Reading Comprehension

I. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.

Question 1.
How were the girls dressed?
Answer:
The two little girls were dressed in new clothes. The little girl was wearing a green skirt and the older a pink skirt.

Question 2.
Where did the two girls want to play?
Answer:
The two girls wanted to play at a large puddle across the street.

Question 3.
Akulka grew angry at Malasha. What made her angry?
Answer:
At the puddle, Malasha splashed muddy water on Akulka’s new dress and face. This made Akulka angry,

Question 4.
Who tried to stop the quarrel?
Answer:
Akulka’s grandmother tried to stop the quarrel.

Question 5.
How did the quarrel end?
Answer:
Parents realized their mistake after seeing Akulka and Malasha becoming friends again. They felt ashamed and stopped fighting. Thus the quarrel ended.

II. Complete the following choosing the correct options given after them.

1. “Don’t go Malasha!” Akulka warned her not to
a) get their shoes spoil
b) get their school bags wet
c) get injured
Answer:
a) get their shoes spoil

2. “Let’s remove our shoes and play.” It shows that Akulka was
a) careless
b) afraid of her parents
c) interested in cleanliness
Answer:
b) afraid of her parents

3. “Don’t be afraid !” said Akulka,………….
a) to warn Malasha
b) to threaten Malasha
c) to give confidence to Malasha
Answer:
c) to give confidence to Malasha

4. Akulka’s mother gave a slap on Malasha’s face because
a) she quarreled with her daughter
b) she made her daughter’s dress dirty
c) she committed theft in her house
Answer:
b) she made her daughter’s dress dirty

5. The men also joined the scene. Here‘scene’refers to the
a) quarrel
b) puddle
c) war
Answer:
a) quarrel

III. Read and rearrange the following sentences in the order of their occurrence in the story:
1. Akulka and Malasha threw pieces of paper in water and played together.
2. Akulka’s mother slapped Malasha.
3. They wanted to play in the puddle.
4. Akulka and Malasha made a new rill to let the water flow.
5. The members of the two families started fighting.
6. It was Sunday and the two little girls were in their new dresses.
7. s Grandma tried to stop the quarrel.
8. Malasha splashed the muddy water on Akulka’s dress.
Answer:

1. It was Sunday and the two little girls were in their new dress. (6)
2. They wanted to play in the puddle. (3)
3. Malasha splashed the muddy water on Akulka’s dress. (8)
4. Akulka’s mother slapped Malasha. (2)
5. The members of the two families started fighting. (5)’
6. Grandma tried to stop the’ quarrel. (7)
7. Akulka and Malasha made a new rill to let the water flow. (4)
8. Akulka and Malasha threw pieces of paper in water and played together. (1)

Vocabulary

I. The following are sentences taken from the lesson ‘Little Hearts’. Read them and encircle the word that does not indicate the given context.

1. Their mothers dressed them in new clothes.
[kind caring cruel]
2. They began to play in the puddle.
[serious playful naughty]
3. One man pushed the other and a fight had begun.
[quarrelsome short tempered peaceful]
4. The old woman tried to stop the quarrel.
[threatening gentle peace-loving]
5. The two girls ran along the rill laughing and jumping in joy.
[friendly selfish good-natured]
6. The men looked at the girls and felt ashamed.
[shameful guilty innocent]
4. The old woman fried to stop the quarrel.
[(threatening^) gentle peace-loving]
5.. The two girls ran along the rill laughing and jumping in joy.
[friendly (selfish) good-natured]
6. The men looked at the girls and felt ashamed.
[shameful guilty (innocent)]
Answer:

II. Fill in the blanks in the following paragraph with the suitable words given in the box.

There was a …..(1)…… across the street. A dog was passing by it. He stopped and looked in it where there was a bird flying in the sky. The foolish dog suddenly ……..(2)…….. into the puddle. Poor thing! He became ………(3)…….. His eyes were filled with ……(4)…….. water. What should we do then? A ……(5)………. girl fetched a bucket of water to ……(6)….. the mud stains of the dog. The dog looked at the girl and jumped to his feet ……..(7)…….
Answer:

1. puddle
2. jumped
3. soiled
4. muddy
5. little
6. wipe off
7. happily

III. Read the following paragraph and write antonyms of the underlined words.

Akulka’s mother caught Malasha and gave (a) a slap on her face. Malasha began (b) to howl, and her mother ran out of the house. “Why do you slap my daughter?” she began to scold (c) her neighbour. Soon, it turned to a Mg (d) quarrel. The men also joined (e) the scene. One man pushed (f) the other, and a fight had begun. Akulka’s grandmother tried to separate (g) them. They paid no attention (h).
a) ……………. b) ……………. c) ……………. d) …………….
e) ……………. f) ……………. g) ……………. h) …………….
Answer:
a) took
b) stopped
c) praise
d) small
e) left
f) pulled
g) unite
h) negligence

Grammar

I. In the previous lesson you have learnt writing sentences describing ‘ongoing’ actions using Present Continuous Tense. We can change them into questions to confirm the information.
Examples:
It is raining. – Is it raining?
The girls are playing. – Are the girls playing?
Men are still fighting. – Are men still fighting?

Such sentences are called ‘Interrogative sentences’. Here they are in Present Continuous Tense. A sentence that asks a question is called an Interrogaltive sentence. It ends with a question mark.
Do you know how to write them as interrogatives?

If the subjects are ‘he, she, it and any singular noun’, use ‘is’ before them. And for the subjects ‘we, you, they and any plural noun’, use ‘are’ before them. If the subject is ‘I’, use ‘am’ before it.

Observe the following examples.
She is singing. – Is she singing?
They are coming. – Are they coming?

Change the following statements into questions.
1. The children are playing.
2. Students are waiting for their bus.
3. The teacher is walking slowly.
4. They are drinking water.
5. Usha is cleaning her room.
6. The girl is preparing tea.
Answer:
1. Are the children playing?
2. Are students waiting for their bus?
3. Is the techer walking slowly?
4. Are they drinking water?
5. Is Usha cleaning her room?
6. Is the girl preparing tea?

II. Degrees of Comparison
The adjectives change in form to show comparison. They are called the three degrees of comparison.

Read the following sentences.
1. Gopal is the tallest of all in the class.
2. Rani is cleverer than Ramya.
3. My house is as big as yours.

In sentence 1„ the adjective ‘tallest’ denotes the superlative degree. In sentence 2, the adjective ‘cleverer’ denotes the comparative degree. In sentence 3, the adjective ‘big’ denotes positive degree.

Read the following sentences and point out the adjectives and name the Degree of Comparison of each.
1. The train runs faster than the bus.
2. Lead is the heaviest metal.
3. Hari is the laziest boy in the class.
4. The two little girls are wiser than the older people.
5. Mount Everest is the highest peak of the Himalayas.
6. Iron is more useful than copper.
7. This is the most interesting story.
8. Ooty is cooler than Chennai.
Answer:
1. The train runs faster than the bus:
Adjective → ‘faster’ → ‘Comparative Degree’

2. Lead is the heaviest metal.
Adjective → ‘heaviest’ → ‘Superlative Degree’

3. Hari is the laziest bov fn the class.
Adjective → ‘laziest’ → ‘Superlative Degree’

4. The two little girls are wiser than.the older people.
Adjective → ‘wiser’ → ‘Comparative Degree’

5. Mount Everest is the highest peak of the Himalayas.
Adjective → ‘highest’ → ‘Superlative Degree’

6. Iron is more useful than copper.
Adjective → ‘more useful’ → ‘Comparative Degree’

7. This is the most interesting story.
Adjective → ‘most interesting’ → ‘Superlative Degree’

8. Ootv is cooler than Chennai.
Adjective → ‘cooler’ → ‘Comparative Degree’

III. Articles

Read the following paragraph :

Sir C.V. Raman was a scholar in sound and sound related physics. His research in optics, the Science of light resulted in the discovery of the Raman Effect. The discovery won him the Nobel Prize for physics. It was the first time the prize was awarded to an Asian! The scholar was the Pride of India.

The underlined phrases begin with either ‘a / an’ or ‘the’. These are called ‘Articles’. There are rules for the use of articles. Let us learn them in detail.
a) We use ‘a’ before singular common nouns that begin with consonant sounds,

b) We use ‘an’ before singular common nouns that begin with a vowel sound,

c) We use ‘the’
1. before a common noun which is mentioned for the second time.
e.g. I saw a dog. The dog was barking.

2. before superlative adjectives.
e.g. the largest, the best, the smelliest, the most.

3. before ordinal numbers.
e.g. the first, the second ..

4. before the names of musical instruments.
e.g. the guitar, the Violin, etc.

5. before a noun when we mean something in particular.
e.g. the Raman Effect, the TV, the Radio

6. with unique things.
e.g. the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky, the universe.

7. before the names of awards.
e.g. the Nobel Prize, the Bharat Ratna, the Padmabhushan, etc.

Now, fill in the blanks in the following sentences with ‘a /an or the’.
1. Ravi Varma was ………….famous painter.
2. English is …………… international language.
3. ………… sun is ………… star.
4. ………… earth moves round ………. sun.
5. He is ………. expert in Robotics.
6. It is ……….. issue of Human Rights.
7. I listen to ………. radio a lot.
8. I met lawyer yesterday. ………….. lawyer was famous in the city.
9. My brother is learning to play ……… piano.
10. Raghu is ………. best batsman in our team.
Answer:

1. a
2. an
3. The, a
4. The, the
5. an
6. an
7. the
8. a, The
9. the
10. the

Writing

I. Look at the picture of ‘Peacock’. With the help of the following hints write a composition about the Peacock.

Hints : the peacock – our National bird – beautiful bird – different colours – long tail – about 2.25 mts. long – ‘eye markings’ on the tail – colours change in the sunlight – dances – rains – walks proudly
Answer:
The peacock is our National Bird. It is a beautiful bird with different colors of feathers. It has a long tail. The tail is about 2.25 mts long. We can see ‘eye markings’ on the tail. Their colours change in the sunlight. It dances in rain spreading the feathers of its tail. The peacock walks proudly with its colourful tail.

II. Message Writing

Read the following Telephone Conversation between Teju and Pranay. Teju’s brother Sanju is not at home. So, Teju writes a message for his brother as he has to leave for his tuition.
Pranay : Hello, can I speak to Sanju?
Teju : Sanju is not at home. I am his brother Teju.
Pranay : I am Pranay. Could you tell your brother not to come to Railway station today to pick me up? The train is running late by 8 hours.
Teju : Which train?
Pranay : The Rajadhani Express. It will arrive in Vijayawada by tomorrow at 8 o’clock in the morning. Tell him to come tomorrow morning.
Teju : I will surely pass the information.
Pranay : Thank you.

Read the message written by Teju after his telephone conversation.

Read the following Telephone conversation between Radha and her mother.

Mother : Hello, Radha, I’ll not come home now. We have an urgent meeting in the office. Do you have your dance class today?
Radha : Yes, mom, I have to leave now. What’s the matter?
Mother : Tell your father to come to NTR circle by 8 pm to pick me up. I’ll wait there.
Radha : O.K. Mom.

Now, Radha leaves message for her father. Write her message in the box provided below.

Answer:

Talking Time

I. Say the following pairs of words aloud.

II. Here is an announcement in the School Assembly by the SPL. Read it.

Good morning to all. A good chance for us. Our school will organize an Inter¬School Science Exhibition on February, 22 from 10 am to 4 pm. Working models, informative charts and computer programmes will be exhibited. The best 10 models will be selected for District Level Science Exhibition. All the best. Thank you. Have a nice day.

Now make another announcement of your own, as your school students are going to Nagarjuna Sagar on an educational tour. Instruct them to get their parents’ permission letters for the two-day tour.
Answer:
Good morning to all. We are going to Nagarjuna Sagar on a pleasant educational tour, to get knowledge as well as pleasure. All the arrangements are made by our school management to make the trip successful. For this, we require letters of your parents’ permission for a two-day tour. Letters should be submitted to your class teachers within one week.

Listening

Listen to the following story and answer the questions.

THE WISE JUDGEMENT

Suddodhana was the king of Kapilavasthu. Siddartha was his son and Devadutta his nephew.

One day Devadutta came to the king’s court in an angry mood, “Your Majesty! I want justice,” he shouted.
“What has happened?” asked the king.
“Siddhartha has taken my swan. He’s not giving it to me,” said Devadutta.

The king was surprised because he knew that Siddartha was good and gentle. He never takes anything from anyone.
Just then Siddartha entered the court with a swan in his arms.
“Is that your swan?” the king asked Devadutta.
“Yes it is. I shot it,” said Devadutta.

“But the swan fell at my feet. I picked it up and took out the arrow from its side and applied medicine on its wound. I saved its life. The swan is mine,” said Siddartha.
The king asked his Chief Minister for advice.

The Minister said, “Devadutta shot the swan. If Devadutta killed the swan, then it would be his. Siddartha saved its life. So, the swan is Siddartha’s.”
1. Who came to the king’s court? Why was he angry?
2. “Siddartha had taken away something!” What had he taken?
(Note : Q.No. 2 & Q.No. 3 are same.)
3. What had Siddartha taken away?
4. What did Siddartha bring in his arms?
5. Why did Devadutta say the swan was his?
6. Where did the swan fall? How did Siddartha save the swan’s life?
7. Which do you think is better —- killing a bird or looking after it?
8. This story shows us that Siddartha was ………….
a) cunning
b) cruel
c) kind
Answer:

1. Devadutta came to the king’s court. He was angry because Siddartha took his swan and was not giving it to him.
2. He had taken the injured swan shot by Devadutta.
3. Siddartha had taken away the injured swan shot by Devadutta.
4. Siddartha brought a swan in his arms.
5. Devadutta had shot the swan.
6. The swan fell at the feet of Siddartha. Siddartha took out the arrow from the bird and applied the medicine on its wound.
7. Looking after the bird is better than killing a bird.
8. (c) kind

Read it yourself

A Mother’s Wise Advice

The king of Kosala killed the king of Benares and took the queen as a prisoner. But her son escaped luckily and grew in a countryside. He raised a large army and declared war against the Kosala king.

The prince’s mother heard of this threat from her son by some faithful servants. She was a gentle and kind woman who wanted to prevent violence and suffering and killing. So she advised him to close every entrance to the city. The prince decided to follow his mother’s wise advice. His army blockaded the city for seven days and nights. Then the citizens captured their unlawful king, cut off his head, and delivered it to the prince. He entered the city triumphantly and became the new king of Benares.

Comprehension

Answer the following questions.

1. How did the prince escape?
Answer:
The prince escaped by sneaking away through the sewers.

2. Why did the prince’s mother try to stop the battle?
Answer:
The prince’s mother was a gentle and kind woman. She wanted to prevent violence, suffering, and killing in the battle.

3. How did the prince get his kingdom back?
Answer:
The prince blockaded the city and made people wore down. The citizens captured their unlawful king and cut off his head, and delivered it to the prince. He became the new king of Benares.

Study Skills

A. Study the following pie chart carefully.

Let’s go through the description of the Pie-chart.

The Pie-chart shows the percentage of a family’s household expenditure distributed into seven categories. These are food, clothes, education, medicines, phone bills, rent and other expenses. According to the chart, the family’s highest expenditure is on food. The lowest expenditure is on medicines and phone bills. If we make a list of the items of expenditure from the highest to the lowest, we find this order: food, clothing, rent, education, other expenses, medicines and phone bills.

Now, answer the following questions.
1. How many items are mentioned in the chart?
2. On which item does the family spend more mohey?

Choose the correct answer from the choices given below and put a tick (✓) mark.
3. Which of the following took the same percentage of expenditure?
a) rent and phone bills
b) rent and education
c) rent and medicine

4. Choose the correct statement.
a) The items with least expenditure are two in the chart.
b) The items with least expenditure are three in the chart.
c) The item with least expenditure is only one in the chart.

5. Choose the correct statement from the following.
a) The sum of expenditure on rent and education is equal to the expenditure of clothing.
b) Expenditure on food item is equal to the sum of clothing and rent.
c) The sum of expenditure on phone bills and medicines is double the expenditure of clothing.
Answer:

1. Seven items are mentioned in the chart.
2. The family spends more money on food items.
3. b) rent and education
4. a) The items with least expenditure are two in the chart.
5. a) The sum of expenditure on rent and education is equal to the expenditure of clothing.

B. Here is the dictionary entry of the word ‘soil’. Read it carefully.

Fill the following table based on the information given above. The first one is done for you.

Answer:

Fun Time

I. Can you answer the following questions? Try.

1. What can travel the world while staying in a corner?
2. What is made of water but if you put it into water it will die?
3. I’m tall, when I’m young and I’m short, when I’m old. What am I?
4. What has hands but cannot clap?
5. What has a head and tail but no body?
6. What has an eye but cannot see?
7. What kind of room has no doors or windows? .
8. What kind of tree can you carry in your hand?
9. Which word in the dictionary is incorrect?
10. Feed me and I live, yet give me a drink and I die. Who am I?
Answer:

1. Postal stamp
2. Ice cube
3. Candle
4. Clock
5. Coin
6. Needle
7. Mushroom
8. Palm
9. Incorrect
10. fire

II. Match the expressions with their contextual settings.

Answer:

Little Hearts Summary

Malasha and Akulka were little girls studying sixth class. One day they were dressed in new clothes. It was a rainy day. They gathered at a large puddle across the street. They were playing at the puddle.. Malasha plumped her foot into the water. And the muddy water splashed and fell non-Akulka’s new dress. On seeing this Akulka became angry and ran after Malasha. Malasha started running towards her home. On their way, Akulka’s mother saw that and slapped Malasha’s face. There started a quarrel between the two families. The two families were busy with their quarrel. But the two girls forgot their quarrel and went to the puddle to play there. They were busy laughing, running, and jumping along the rill. An old woman showed the quarreling people how the two girls were playing happily forgetting their quarrel. On seeing the girls playing ‘ * together, they felt ashamed and left the place.

SCERT AP Board 6th Class English Solutions 2nd Lesson The Snake Catcher Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class English Solutions 2nd Lesson The Snake Catcher

6th Class English 2nd Lesson The Snake Catcher Textbook Questions and Answers

Look at the following picture and answer the questions that follow.

Question 1.
Do you have any pets at your house as shown in the picture?
Answer:
Yes. I have (We have) cats, dogs, hens, and cocks.

Question 2.
Are you comfortable with them?
Answer:
Yes, we are comfortable with the pets at our house.

Question 3.
Do you treat them in a friendly manner?
Answer:
Yes, we treat them in a friendly manner. We play with them.

Question 4.
If you find any strange animals, will you go near them?
Answer:
If we find any strange animals, we will not go near them because we are afraid of them. They may harm us.

Reading Comprehension

A. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.

Question 1.
Why did the snake catcher go to the snowy mountains?
Answer:
The snake catcher went to the snowy mountains in search of new kinds of snakes. He wanted to display them to the town people and thereby raise a few coppers from the large crowd.

Question 2.
How was the dragon when the snake catcher found it in the snpwy mountains?
Answer:
When the snake catcher found the dragon in the snowy mountains, it was in dormant (inactive) state. It was big and looked attractive in golden yellow colour.

Question 3.
What made the snake catcher pick the dragon up with him?
Answer:
The dragon was big and looked attractive in golden yellow colour. The snake catcher thought that the dragon would change his fate. People would admire his brave act and treat him in a ceremonial (proud) way. He thought that he would get a lot of money and could lead a luxurious life. So he picked the dragon up with him.

Question 4.
In the end, the dragon began to move. How did that happen?
Answer:
When the snake catcher was displaying the dragon to the town people, the sun grew hotter. By the warmth of its rays, the dragon began to emerge (come out) slowly from its frozen state.

Question 5.
The snake catcher made a wrong choice. Do you agree with this statement? Why/Why not?
Answer:
Yes, the snake catcher made a wrong choice. I agree with this statement. He could not guess that the dragon was not dead.

B. Choose the correct option, to make the sentence meaningful.

1. The snake catcher caught the snakes because
a) he had a snake park.
b) it was his livelihood.
c) it was his passion.
Answer:
b) it was his livelihood.

2. The snake catcher found the dragon iu a ………… state.
a) sleeping
b) dead
c) frozen
Answer:
c) he wanted to sell it to the people.

3. He decided to take the dragon to the town because
a) it was big in size.
b) the town people had never seen it.
c) he wanted to sell it to the people.
Answer:
b) the town people had never seen it.

4. The crowd gathered in the bazaar because
a) of the attractive shouting of the snake catcher.
b) it was the usual practice of the towns people.
c) it was an announcement made by the government.
Answer:
a) of the attractive shouting of the snake catcher.

5. The mighty dragon swallowed
a) all the people in the street.
b) some people and the snake catcher.
c) only the snake catcher.
Answer:
b) some people and the snake catcher.

C. Read the following statements and say whether they are True or False. Write T’ for True and ‘F’ for False.

1. The snake catcher went trekking to the mountain.
Answer:
True

2. The snake catcher thought the dragon was dead.
Answer:
True

3. He put the dragon around his neck and came to the town.
Answer:
False

4. He told the town people that he had killed the mighty dragon.
Answer:
True

5. The dragon was a very familiar creature to the town people.
Answer:
False

6. The warmth of the sun?s rays brought the dragon to life.
Answer:
True

7. The dragon looked at the people and felt afraid.
Answer:
False

8. The snake catcher’s life ended in a tragic way.
Answer:
True

Vocabulary

Redd the following sentences from the lesson ‘The Snake Catcher’.

1. The snake catcher found a terrible and fierce-looking dragon.
2. It was big and looked attractive.
3. He bundled up the cold creature in a cloth.
4. People would admire his brave act.
5. This mighty snake would change his fate.
6. He could lead a luxurious life.

The underlined words in the above sentences tell us the quality of the nouns. Such words are called ‘adjectives’. What is an ‘Adjective? An adjective describes nouns. It provides further information about a noun like size, shape, colour and quality. Adjectives have different forms. They are Positive, Comparative and Superlative forms. They change their forms as follows. We know that the comparatives and superlatives take ‘-er’ and ‘-est’ respectively.

Adjectives with more than 2 syllables will take ‘more’ and ‘most’ in their comparative and superlative forms respectively. They are as follows:

Some adjectives take irregular forms as follows:

1. Now read the lesson thoroughly and find adjectives and write their other forms in your notebooks.
Answer:

2. Look at the picture. The crane wants to fill the cups with suitable adjectives from the pot. Remember all words in the pot are not adjectives and fill in the table.


Answer:

3. Now, fill in the blanks in the following paragraph with suitable adjective forms given in the box.

It is my ……..(1)……. sister’s birthday. My father presented her a …….. (2)…………. watch. I gave her a ………(3)……….. English dictionary. My mother prepared a ………(4)…….. cake. She decorated the table with ……(5)……. roses. Then she served us pieces of cake in ……..(6)…….. plates and …….(7)…….. badam milk in cups.
Answer:

1. younger
2. smart
3. small
4. delicious
5. lovely
6. clean
7. hot

4. In the previous lesson you have already learnt about Antonyms and Synonyms. Synonyms are words which mean the same to other words. Whereas Antonyms are the words which are opposite in meaning to other words. Let’s learn some more antonyms which you came across in the lesson.
big × small
cool × hot
common × uncommon
different × same
brave × coward.
easy × difficult
thick × thin
strange × familiar
strong × weak
alive × dead

Match the Antonyms. One is done for you.

Answer:

Grammer

A. Present Continuous:

All the sentences in the above pictures are giving information about ‘ongoing actions’. We write sentences in the ‘Present Continuous (Present Progressive)’ to describe a continuing or ongoing action at the present time. The ‘-ing’ form of the verb is used in these contexts.

I. Now, fill in the blanks with suitable verb forms provided in brackets.
1. He is ………….. (complain) about my handwriting at present.
2. She is …………… (play) magnificent tennis in this match.
3. It is ………… (rain) now.
4. We’re …………. (have) dinner now.
5. Please be quiet. I’m ………… (work).
6. Look! Somebody is ……….. (swim) in the pool.
Answer:
1. He is complaining ( complain) about my handwriting at present.
2. She is playing (plav) magnificent tennis in this match.
3. It is raining (rain) now.
4. We’re having (have) dinner now.
5. Please be quiet. I’m working (work).
6. Look! Somebody is swimming (swim) in the pool.

II. Look at the following picture. Sony, Rita, Bannu, Prasad and Hari visited the park along with their pet dog and a dove. Look! There are butterflies and two small birds in the picture. Now write sentences with verbs denoting actions (action at present).You can use the following verbs. One is done for you.

eg : A bird is tweeting.
Answer:
Birds are flying.
Children are looking at the flowers.
The dog is walking along with the children.
Rita is looking at the butterflies.
Prasad is showing something.
Sony is watching the birds.

III. Look at the following table. This table enables you to write sentences in the Present Continuous Tense. Prepare more sentences of your own in the context of ‘something happening now’.
One is done for you.
1. He is playing cricket now.
2. He is not playing cricket now.

Answer:

1. I am watching the television now.
2. I am not watching the television at present.
3. I am swimming in the pool at present.
4. I am not travelling by plane now.
5. I am not drinking tea at present.
6. He is not swimming in the pool now.
7. He is not watching the television at present.
8. He is travelling by plane at present.
9. He is reading a novel at present.
10. She is watching the television at present.
11. She is swimming in the pool at present.
12. It is not swimming in the pool now.
13. You are not watching the television at present.
14. You are reading a novel now.
15. We are not playing cricket now.
16. We are watching cricket now.
17. We are not drinking tea at present.
18. They are not watching cricket now.
19. They are not swimming in the pool at present.
20. They are travelling by plane now.

B. Degrees of Comparison :
You already know about ‘Adjectives’ and their functions in sentences. They not only describe nouns but also compare them in degrees in terms of quality as follows.

We use the comparative form of the adjective to compare one person or one thing with other person (s) or thing(s). We use the Superlative form of adjective to compare one person or thing with his/her/its/ whole group.

Read the following sentences.
1. My house is bigger than yours.
2. The Pacific Ocean is deeper than the Arctic Ocean.
3. The earth is larger than the moon.
4. The Jupiter is the biggest planet in our Solar system.
5. Sheela is the smartest girl in the class.
6. Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.

We use ‘than’ after Comparatives and in Superlative degree the article ‘the’ comes before the adjective form.

Now, fill in the blanks with suitable adjective forms.
1. Bhama is …………… Radha. (preety)
2. Harish is …………… boy in the class. (tall)
3. Elephant is …………… animal in the forest, (big)
4. Iron is …………… cotton. (heavy)
5. Anantapuramu is …………… district in Andhra Pradesh, (large)
Answer:
1. Bhama is prettier than Radha.
2. Harish is the tallest boy in the class.
3. Elephant is the biggest animal in the forest.
4. Iron is heavier than cotton.
5. Anantapuramu is the largest district in Andhra Pradesh.

Writing

Read the following NOTICE which was put up on your school Notice Board.

1. Now, to invite officials, donors and some other eminent persons of your village an Invitation card is needed. Prepare a formal invitation card based on the above notice in your text.

Answer:

2. Now prepare an oral invitation toJnvite some special invitees. Imagine that you are the School Pupil Leader and invite them over phone.
Eg .: You may invite your Sarpanch, newspaper journalist, SHO (SI) of Police Station, elders of your village, etc.

Now complete the following conversations.
You (on the phone with the Journalist)

School Pupil Leader : Hello, Good morning. I am Sudha, SPL from ZPH SCHOOL, Veeravalli. Could I speak to you now, sir?

Newspaper Journalist : Very good morning Sudha. You may talk now itself.

School Pupil Leader : I have a request. Our school is starting a new social work project ………..

Answer:
School Pupil Leader : Hello, Good morning. I am Sudha, SPL from ZPH SCHOOL, Veeravalli. Could I speak to you now, sir?

Newspaper Journalist : Very good morning Sudha. You may talk now itself.

School Pupil Leader : I have a request. Our school is starting a new social work project ……….. ‘SAY NO TO PLASTIC’. I cordially invite you to attend the event without fail.

Newspaper Journalist : Thank you! I will certainly attend. At what time does the programme start?

School Pupil Leader : At 10 am.

Newspaper Journalist : Where does it take place?

School Pupil Leader : At School Assembly

Newspaper Journalist : OK. It is alright.

3. Now prepare another oral invitation, i.e. convey this message to your parents.
Answer:
I : Amma, here is an invitation for you.

Mother : Invitation! What is it about?

I : Our school is starting a new social work project ‘SAY NO TO PLASTIC’. The school cordially invites you to attend the event without fail.

Mother : Thank you! I will certainly attend. At what time does the programme start?

I : At 10 am.

Mother : Where does it take place?

I : At School Assembly

Mother : Who will inaugurate the project?

I : Dr. Naveena from California and Dr. Poorna Chandra Rao, the founder of Chaitanya Saradhi Trust.

Mother : OK. It is alright.

Talking Time

I. Role-Play

Work in pairs and role play the following conversation.

Latha : Sudha! Let’s go out to play.
Sudha : Not now! I’m doing my homework.
Latha : You can do it later. Let’s go and play.
Sudha : Sorry. I’d like to do my work first.
Latha : You won’t get a medal for it.
Sudha : My grandfather has taught me ‘Work is worship’. I don’t care whether I get any reward for the work I do or not.
Latha : Are you joining me or not ?
Sudha : Of course, I’ll, but only after completing my homework.

II. Language Functions
Here is the conversation that happened between Tarak and Rajan at a birthday party. Read it..

Tarak : Hello, Mr. Rajan! Good evening and warm welcome. We are looking forward to have you in this party.

Rajan : Good evening, where is the birthday boy? Here is a small gift for him.

Tarak : Oh, Thank you. Would you like to have some fruit juice? Here it is.

Rajan : Yes, please.

Tarak : Here are some sweets and special snacks.

Rajan : No, thanks. I’ve got enough.

Tarak : Thank you very much for your warm wishes to my child. It’s so special that you remember.

Rajan: You are welcome.

In the above conversation the phrases in italics are used in different occasions. Do you know when we use them? Let’s learn in detail.

1. Thank You : It is used to show that you are grateful to Somebody for something they have done.
2. Would you like to : To say in a polite way to offer something to somebody.
3. Yes, please : This is used to accept an offer/invitation.
4. No, thanks: This is used to give a negative reply in a polite way.
5. You’re welcome : This is used as a polite reply when somebody thanks you for something.

Now, fill in the blanks in the following paragraph with suitable phrases given in the box. Some phrases can be used more than once.

Phani is going to school on his bicycle. Suddenly he falls, as his bicycle tyre is flat. A mechanic, who is the owner of a nearby shop, approaches him and helps him stand. Phani says,”…………..” The mechanic replies,”……………” and asks “Are you alright?” “It’s paining,” says Phani. ”……… some water?” asks the mechanic.”…………….” says Phani; The mechanic serves him some water. “………..” says Phani.”………….. your bag?” asks the mechanic.” ……….. I can,” says Phani.
Answer:
Phani is going to school on his bicycle. Suddenly he falls, as his bicycle tyre is flat. A mechanic, who is the owner of a nearby shop, approaches him and helps him stand’. Phani says, “Thank you.” The mechanic replies, “It’s ok.” and asks “Are you alright?” “It’s paining,” says Phani. “Would YOU like to have some water?” asks the mechanic. “Yes, please.” says Phani. The mechanic serves him some water. “ Thank you.” says Phani. “Can I carry your bag?” asks the mechanic. “ No. please. 1 can,” says Phani.

III. Read the words aloud.

All these words ended in the ‘gh’ cluster. But they are pronounced in different ways. In some words ‘gh’ is pronounced as ‘f’ and in some words it is silent.
Arrange these words under correct headings based on their pronunciation.

Answer:

Study Skills

Refer to a dictionary.
Arrange the following words in alphabetical order in the correct columns below.
dragon, raise, display, crowd, difficult, thick, stronger, warm, panic, mighty, pillar, luxurious

Project Work

Collect the information relating to domestic / pet animals / birds in your location. Fill hi the information in the following table.

Display the table in the class. Remember all the animals / birds above may not be our pet animals.
Answer:

Fune Time

Anagrams:
Look at the following words:
Arc-car; elbow-below; eleven plus two-twelve plus one.

Look at this sentence.
Was it a cat I saw?

Have you noticed that letters in the left side word or phrase can be formed by rearranging the letters of right side words? This type of words are called Anagrams. Let’s observe some more words.

cat – act, inch – chin, night – thing, study – dusty

Can you frame some more anagrams like this? But remember, all the letters of the word or phrase must be used ONCE ONLY and ONLY ONCE. This is the basic rule of anagramming.
Answer:

Language Game

ONE, TWO, THREE

1. Step One : Letters
Form pairs. One person says the letters of the alphabet from A to Z in his mind till the other person stops him. Write down the letter you get.

2. Step Two : Words
Both partners write 3 words each beginning with that letter.

3. Step Three : Phrases
Exchange the words you write. Then use the words you get to write meaningful phrases.

Link Puzzle
Here is a ‘Link Puzzle’ for you to solve. The last three letters of one word become the first three letters of the next word.
Clue

Answer:

The Coromandel Fishers

Rise, brothers, rise; the wakening skies pray to the morning light,
The wind lies asleep in the arms of the dawn like a child that has cried all night.
Come, let us gather our nets from the shore and set our catamarans free,
To capture the {gaping wealth of the tide, for we are the kings of the sea!

No longer delay, let us hasten away in the track of the sea gull’s call,
The sea ls our mother* the cloud is our brother* the waves are our comrades all.
What though we toss at the fall of the sun where the hand of the sea-god drives?
He who holds the storm by the hair, will hide in his breast our lives.

Sweet is the shade of the coconut glade, and the scent of the mango grove,
And sweet are the sands at the full o’ the moon with the sound of the voices
we love; But sweeter, 0 brothers, the kiss of the spray and the dance of the
wild fOctnfs glee; Row, brothers, row to the edge of the verge, where the low sky mates with the sea.

Figures of speech used in this poem :

1. The wakening skies pray to the morning light. – Personification
2. The wind lies asleep in the arms of the dawn like a child. – Simile
3. The sea is our mother. – Metaphor
4. The cloud is our brother. – Metaphor
5. The waves are our comrades all. – Metaphor.

Appreciation

I. Match the rhyming words.

1. light – sea
2. free – lives
3. call – night
4. drives – all
Answer:
1. light – night
2. free – sea
3. call – all
4. drives – lives

II. Choose the correct options to complete the sentences.

1. The poet says that the sea is our………………
a) mother
b) brother
c) sister
d) comrades
Answer:
a) mother

2. The poet says that the cl6ud is our
a) mother
b) brother
c) sister
d) comrades
Answer:
b) brother

3. The poet says that the waves are our
a) mother
b) brother
c) sister
d) comrades
Answer:
d) comrades

III. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What sort of sounds can one hear early in the morning?
Answer:
One can hear the chirping of the birds, the sound of the leaves of the coconut tree, the sound of the rising waves, the voices of the fishermen gathering their nets and boats.

Question 2.
How is the wind described in line two?
Answer:
If the child cries all the night, it will sleep calmly in the early morning. Like that, the wind blowing all the night lies asleep in the arms of the dawn.

Question 3.
Why are the nets to be gathered?
Answer:
The fishermen put their nets on the sand to dry. In the morning before they set to go, the nets are to be gathered.

Question 4.
What do you think is the wealth of the fishermen?
Answer:
The fishes in the sea are the wealth of the fishermen.

Question 5.
What do you understand from the first line ‘The wakening skies pray to the morning light”?
Answer:
At night the sky might be sleeping, so the poetess describes the sky is wakening in the morning light, and it seems to pray.

Question 6.
The poet says, ‘Let us set our catamarans fr6e.’ What does it mean?
Answer:
The poet tells the fishermen to free the catamarans, because after fishing, the fishermen tied their catamarans to the pole. In the morning they have to go to fishing so they must untie their catamarans. ,

Question 7.
What happens if the fishermen are late in their work?
Answer:
If the fishermen are late in starting their work, the wind starts blowing, it will bb difficult to reach the deep part of ocean and they will not be able to follow the seagull’s call.

Question 8.
The poet describes many things as sweet. What are they? Among them what is considered to be the sweetest?
Answer:
The coconut tree’s shade is sweet. The smell of the mango grove is sweet. The sands at the full moon day are sweet. The voices of the people are sweet. The kiss of the spray means the water comes out of the. waves and sprinkles are sweeter. The dance of the wild foam’s sound [song] is also sweeter and the cool breeze on the sea is considered to be the best and.the sweetest.

The Snake Catcher Summary

Once there was a snake catcher in Iraq. He was a snake charmer and it was his livelihood. One day he went into the snowy mountains to search for a new kind of snake. He found a powerful and terrible dragon which seemed quite dead in frozen snow. It looked very attractive and he thought he would earn from that snake. He brought it down ih a bundle.
Later he started his show in a bazaar in a town. He announced that he killed the terrible snake and brought it to show them. People gathered curiously to watch it. As it was a hot day, the dragon moved slowly from its frozen state. Soon it burst forth from the bundle and came out. On seeing the terrible snake coming alive, people ran away from it in panic. The mighty serpent ate the people in its path and entwined itself around a pillar. It killed and ate the snake catcher also.

The Coromandel Fishers Summary

Sarojini Naidu as a poet belongs to an era of struggle, slavery, and freedom fighting. The poem is thought about the fishermen, yet it metaphorically reflects the poet’s desire for free India. The poem consists of three stanzas having four lines each. The rhyme scheme of the poem is AABB.

The wakening skies pray to the morning light, symbolizes the land which is welcoming independence after being in the darkness of slavery for so long. The wind lies asleep in the arms of the dawn like a child that has cried all night refers to the atrocities that the land of India and the people of India had suffered in the hands by the British during their cruel rule. The poet asks the freedom fighters to gather our nets from the shore and set our catamarans free. They are the kings of the sea which refers to India.

In the second stanza, the poet urges the freedom fighters not to delay andat ortce start fighting as the leaders (seagulls) have declared a war against the British and they should follow their leader’s path. The sea is our mother, the cloud is our brother, the waves are our comrades all i.e. the land is theirs and everything in it is their family and hence they (the freedom fighters) need not fear.

In the final stanza, the poet says that the comforts and the joys that the Indians enjoy might be sweet but the fragrance of independence and the feeling Of being free is quite sweeter and hence the freedom fighters should wage a final war on the British.

Explanation of the poem :

Stanza 1 :
In stanza 1, the poet asks the fishermen to “Rise” as the day is about to appear. She uses some symbols to fell this. First, she says that the wakening skies pray to the morning light which means that the sky which was sleeping in the night has woken up and is welcoming the light. Here the poet uses personification by using wakening (a human activity) for the sky (a non-living thing).

Next, she says the wind lies asleep in the arms of the dawn like a child that has cried all night meaning that the sea-wind that leads to the storm is now calm (as the tides rise in the night because of moon’s gravitational pull) because of the morning which is about to come.

Thus the wind is just like the child which kept crying throughout the night and now he is quiet. Here the poet uses Simile to compare now calm wind with a child. By using these two symbolic examples, she declares that the morning is near.

In the 3rd line, the poet asks the fishermen to gather their nets from the shore and set catamarans (a kind of boat used by fishermen) free in order to capture the leaping , wei lth of the tide, for they are the kings of the sea.

According to the poet, the fishermen should collect their nets from the sea-shores and take their boats because the tide is- full of wealth (fishes, sea-gulls, etc.) and they are the kings. They just need to go to the sea to capture the wealth that is theirs. Hence they should hurry.

Stanza 2:
In stanza 2, the poet asks the fishermen to do everything fast. The gull’s call is a symbol used to depict that morning is near.

The poet calls sea as their mother, cloud as brother and sea waves as their comrades, ^ i.e. companions. Here again, the poet uses personification.

Sea is considered the mother because it feeds them and helps them to sustain their life. Similarly, clouds are their brothers because they guide the fishermen while the waves are companions because they keep moving with them. The poet thus wants to say that they all are family and help each other.

She urges other not fear because even if they could not return back by the sunset, the sea-god which according to her, holds the sea-storm by the hair and Saves them (hide in his breast our lives).

Stanza 3:
In the final stanza, the poet says that the shade of the coconut glade, the scent of a mango grove, and the sands at the full of the moon with the sound of the voices they love are sweet and enjoyable but these joys are temporary.

Rather they should go for the kiss of the spray (the water drops falling on the face while in the sea) and the dance of the foam’s glee (the foam which forms by the up-down movement of the tides) which according to the poet are sweeter and work struggling.

In the last line, she asks the fishermen to depart for the point in the sea where the sun meets the sky i.e. horizon. Symbolically it refers to infinity or a place without an end. In this perspective, she asks the fishermen to dive into the infinite sea.

The Coromandel Fishers About the Poet

Sarojini Naidu was an Indian political leader born on February 13, 1879, in Hyderabad, India. In 1925, she was elected as the first female President of the Indian National Congress/ Naidu died on March 02, 1949, at Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. Sarojini Naidu as a poet belongs to an era of struggle, slavery, and freedom fighting. Though the poem Coromandel Fishers is about fishermen, it metaphorically reflects the* poet’s desire for free India and thus she encourages the people of the nation to hasten their struggle.

SCERT AP Board 6th Class English Solutions 1st Lesson Clever Tenali Ramakrishna Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class English Solutions 1st Lesson Clever Tenali Ramakrishna

6th Class English 1st Lesson Clever Tenali Ramakrishna Textbook Questions and Answers

Look at the picture and answer the questions that follow.

Question 1.
What do you see in the picture?
Answer:
I see a king, two poets / two courtiers, a man covering his head with a pot and a maid-servant.

Question 2.
Who is sitting on the throne?
Answer:
A king (Srikrishna Devaraya)

Question 3.
Can you guess the person who covered his head with a pot?
Answer:
Yes, he might be Tenali Ramakrishna.

Question 4.
Do you know any funny incidents related to Tenali Ramakrishna?
Answer:
Yes, I know one funny incident related to Tenali Ramakrishna. The following is a funny incident related to Tenali Ramakrishna.

Reading Comprehension

A. Answer the following questions

Question 1.
Who was Chitra Varma?
Answer:
Chitra Varma was a great painter in Srikrishna DeVaraya’s court. The king made him a chief advisor.

Question 2.
How did Chitra Varma feel when the emperor decided to reward him?
Answer:

The king’s reward was to make Chitra Varma his chief advisor. But Chitra Varma was afraid that he was not suitable for that post.

Question 3.
Why did Chitra Varma fail as a chief advisor?
Answer:
Chitra Varma was good at painting. He was not good at giving good advice. So he failed as a chief advisor.

Question 4.
Why was the emperor angry with Tenali Ramakrishna?
Answer:
Tenali Ramakrishna served the emperor horrible dishes. He made a carpenter cook food. So the emperor was angry with him.

Question 5.
Discuss in pairs what will happen when people are offered to do work that is not meant for them.
Answer:
Pah 1 : It is not a good idea to offer to do work that is not meant for them because they spoil the work.
Pah 2 : If we offer people to do work that is not meant for them, people will suffer.
Pah 3 : They may take improper decisions and they may lead to some problems.
Pair 4 : It may lead to the loss of time and money.

B. Put the following sentences in the order of events

1. People went to Tenali Ramakrishna and told him their problem.
2. Chitra Varma was appointed a chief advisor to the emperor.
3. Tenali Ramakrishna implemented his plan by engaging a carpenter as a cook.
4. Emperor Srikrishna Devaraya realized his mistake at the end.
5. Chitra Varma was a famous painter in the emperor’s court.
Answer:
1. Chitra Varma was a famous painter in the emperor’s court. (5)
2. Chitra Varma was appointed a .chief advisor to the emperor. (2)
3. People went to Tenali Ramakrishna and told him their problem. (1)
4. Tenali Ramakrishna implemented his plan by engaging a carpenter as a cook. (3)
5. Emperor Srikrishna Devaraya realized his mistake at the end, (4)

C. Say whether the following statements are True / False:

1. Chitra Varma was a famous carpenter.
Answer:
False

2. Emperor Srikrishna Devaraya awarded a lot of gold coins to Chitra Varma.
Answer:
False

3. Tenali Ramakrishna was a poet and jester in emperor Srikrishna Devaraya’s court.
Answer:
True

4. Tenali Ramakrishna prepared a delicious dinner for the emperor.
Answer:
False

5. Emperor Srikrishna Devaraya realized his mistake at the end.
Answer:
True

Correction of False Statements :
1. Chitra Varma was a famous painter.
2. Emperor Srikrishna Devaraya appointed Chitra Varma as his chief advisor.
4. Tenali Ramakrishna prepared horrible, spicy, salty, and undercooked food for the emperor.

Vocabulary

Look at these sentences. Observe the underlined words.
a. He took some irrelevant decisions.
b. With this the people grew impatient.
‘Here the prefixes such as “ir”, “il”, and “im” are fixed before the root/stem;
“relevant – irrelevant”
“logical – illogical”
“patient – impatient”

These prefixes change the meanings of words. By adding a prefix to a word we get another word. See more examples below.

happy – unhappy
sufficient – insufficient
mature – immature
agree – disagree
responsible – irresponsible

The prefixes ir, il, im, un, in, and dis are used to form the opposites in meaning. Now, write the opposite words using the prefixes mentioned above.

Word – Opposite Word
balance – imbalance
legal – illegal
regular – irregular
acceptable – unacceptable
comfort – discomfort
valid – invalid

In the story we have come across words such as encouragement, announcement, arrangement, confusion, etc. You might have observed that the part ‘-ment’ or ‘-sion ’ is added to the words encourage, announce, arrange and confuse in the end. The suffixes, ‘-ment’ and ‘-sion’ are used to form nouns out of verbs. Now, write the noun forms of the following using ‘-ment’, ‘-sion’.

Word – Noun Form
improve – improvement
discuss – discussion
depress – depression
confuse – confusion
enrich – enrichment
treat – treatment

You have come across certain words in the lesson such as “painter, grateful” etc; You can extract some other words from the parent words like

painter – pain
grateful – rate

Now make meaningful words from the following words.
1. reward – read, red, raw, war, ward, draw, drew, rear, rare, dew, wed, drawer, dear, ear, rear, rare
2. blessings – less, sing, sin, big, bin, leg, gel, bliss, sign
3. snapped – nap, pan, pen, pad, sad, sap, pane, sand, span
4. personal – son, reason, pearl, nose, slope, pole, sole, soap, lose, also, rope, rose
5. matter – mat, rat, art, arm, ram, mar, meat, team, tame, rate, tear, mate, mart, tram
6. continue – tin, cone, toe, tie, cut, cute, tune, cot, coin, none, note, nut, tone, not, ton, on, one, once
7. assure – sure, use, urea, ass
8. gold – old, go, god
9. properly – rope, role, pore, pole
10. slowly – low, sly, owl, sow

Grammer

A. i) Read the following sentences.

1. The emperor was pleased with Chitra Varma’s paintings.
2. Oh! What a beautiful picture!
3. Make an announcement.
4. Are you crazy, Ramakrishna?

The first one is a “Declarative sentence” as it makes a statement.
The second one is an “Exclamatory sentence” as it expresses a strong feeling.
The third one is an “Imperative sentence” as it gives an order.
The fourth one is ari “Interrogative sentence” as it asks a question.

ii) Read these sentences and write “D” for declarative, “E” for exclamatory, “In” for interrogative and “Im” for imperative in the brackets given.
1. Please show me the way to the library. (Im)
2. What a great painting this is! (E)
3. Where can I find a sweet shop? (In)
4. Mother looks after her children carefully. (D)
5. What happened? (In)

iii) Read the following sentences and put full stops, question marks and exclamation marks wherever necessary.

1. He got a good job
2. Did he get good job
3. What a great job
4. Get a great job first
5. What is your job
6. Have you finished your job
7. I am ready to finish my job
8. Is he ready to finish his job
Answers:
1. He got a good job. (full stop)
2. Did he get good job? (question mark)
3. What a great job! (exclamation mark)
4. Get a great job first. (full stop)
5. What is your job? (question mark)
6. Have you finished your job? (question mark)
7. I am ready to finish my job. (full stop)
8. Is he ready to finish his job? (question mark)

B. Conjunctions:

Read the following sentences and observe how the words in bold are used.
1. It is all your affection and encouragement.
2. People grew impatient but the emperor continued to support him.
3. Bring him at once or you will be punished.

The word “and” joins two words or phrases.
The word “but” is used to suggest a contrast.
The word “or” presents an alternative or a choice. These are called conjunctions. Conjunctions “and, but, or, yet, so, ” etc are joining words. They help to join two or more words, phrases or clauses.

Ex : He rushed into the hall and sat in the sofa.
It is raining heavily, so we won’t go out to play.

C. Read the passage carefully and underline the conjunctions.

Meena wants to go on holidays. Everyone is happy but Meena is not. She is unhappy because there are some baby sparrows in the nest on a corner of a room. If all the members of the family went out of the house, it would-be locked up, then how would the mother sparrow or the father sparrow feed their babies?

Meena’s mother said that they would remove all the things from the room, open the windows and lock the door from outside. Thus the house would be safe and sparrows could come anifl go freely. So Meena is happy again.
Answer
Meena wants to go on holidays. Everyone is happy but Meena is not. She is unhappy because there are some baby sparrows in the nest on a corner of a room. If all the members of the family went out of the house, it would be locked up, then how would the mother sparrow or the father sparrow feed their babies?

Meena’s mother said that they would remove all the things from the room, open the windows and lock the door from outside. Thus the house would be safe and sparrows could come and go freely. So Meena is happy again.

Writing

I. Conversation : Read the following conversation and write in the form of a narrative/story.

Ramakrishna : Good morning gentlemen.
People : Good morning Raman.
Ramakrishna : Happy to see you all. But.. .what made you come here?
People : You know everything. The emperor appointed Chitra Varma as his chief advisor.
Ramakrishna : Yes, I know.
People : The decisions.. ..the decisions taken by him confused us.
Ramakrishna : Yes, I’m also thinking about it.
People : Please do something and save us.
Ramakrishna : Don’t worry. I have an idea. Your problem will be solved soon.
People : Thank you Ramakrishna, we know you can do this.
Answer:
One day some people of Vijayanagara kingdom came to meet Tenali Ramakrishna. They both greeted each other. Ramakrishna told them that he was happy to see them all and asked them what was the reason for their arrival. The people told him that the emperor had appointed Chitra Varma as his chief advisor. They also informed him that the decisions taken by Chitra Varma were confusing them.

Then Ramakrishna told them that he was also thinking about it. They requested Ramakrishna to do something and save them. Ramakrishna told them not to worry. He also said that he had an idea. He assured them that their problem would be solved soon. The people felt happy and thanked Ramakrishna.

II. Read the following part from your lesson and write it in the form of a story.

Chitra Varma : Welcome, Your Highness.

Srikrishna Devaraya : Oh! What a beautiful picture! It looks so natural.

The courtiers : Yes, Your Majesty, really it is wonderful.

Srikrishna Devaraya : No painter on earth can compete with you, Chitra Varma. You are a unique painter. You shall be rewarded. What do you say Ramakrishna?

Ramakrishna : Yes, My Lord! Such an artist he is! He deserves your encouragement.

Srikrishna Devaraya : That’s great! Let him ask for anything. He shall get whatever he wants.

Chitra Varma : Thank you very much Your Majesty. It’s all your affection and encouragement.

Srikrishna Devaraya : Your presence on the council of advisors will be a boon to the Vijayanagar empire.

Chitra Varma : I am afraid I am not, Your Majesty! Your blessings are worth the strength of thousand elephants.

Srikrishna Devaraya : No, a great painter like you should be rewarded in a fitting manner.

Chitra Varma : Your highness is merciful.

Srikrishna Devaraya : (Thinking for a while, he snapped his fingers) You will be my chief advisor from today onwards.

Chitra Varma : What! I can’t understand, how I am blessed, Your Majesty.

Ramakrishna : Excuse me, Your Majesty! He is talented in painting but…would it be a right decision to make him…?

Srikrishna Devaraya : The emperor of Vijayanagar knows what is right. Minister, please make an announcement that Chitra Varma will be the chief advisor hereafter in our court.

Minister : Yes, Your Majesty. 1 will make an announcement in our empire.
Answer:
One day the king Srikrishna Devafaya visited the house of Chitra Varma, a great painter in his empire. Chitra Varma welcomed the king in great respect. The king saw a beautiful picture painted by Chitra Varma and praised that the painting was so natural. The courtiers who came along with the king appreciated that the painting , was wonderful. The king praised that Chitra Varma was a unique painter and no painter ‘ on earth could compete with him. He should be rewarded. The king asked for the opinion of Tenali Ramakrishna. Ramakrishna said that Chitra Varma deserved the king’s encouragement.

The king said that he would get whatever he wanted. Chitra Varma thanked the king for his affection and encouragement. The king felt that Chitra Varma’s presence on the council of advisors would be a boon to the Vijayanagar empire. But Chitra Varma was not willing and said that the king’s blessings were worth the strength of a thousand elephants. But the king wanted to reward him in a fitting manner as he was a great painter. The king appointed him his chief advisor. Chitra Varma felt that he was greatly blessed.

Ramakrishna opposed it by saying that Chitra Varma was talented in painting but he could nqt be a good advisor. It might not be a good decision to make him the chief advisor. But the king said that he knew what was right and asked the Minister to make an announcement that Chitra Varma would be the chief advisor thereafter in his court. The Minister said that he would make an announcement in the empire.

Talking Time

A. Announcement

Where do we listen to announcements?
At the bus station, at the railway station, at some public places, etc.
Here are some model announcements usually made at the Railway Station.

1. Your attention please… Train Number one, seven, four, eight, seven… the Tirumala Express… from Visakhapatnam to Kadapa is arriving on platform Number 7.
2. A Key Chain of a car has been found on the platform No.l. Whoever has lost it can collect it from Mrs Bharathi at the counter No 2.
3. Departmental announcement… Mr. Rajasekhar, the Electrical Engineer, is requested to attend to A-4 compartment of the Konark Express immediately.

B. Role play

Help me please…

Policeman : Who are you, little girl?

Girl : My name is Rishika.

Policeman : Why are you standing alone?

Rishika : I am lost.

Policeman : Oh, is it? Why did you come here?

Rishika : I came here with my parents to see the exhibition.

Policeman : Come, I will help you find your parents.

Rishika : Sorry, my parents and teachers advised me not to go with strangers Policeman : I will not harm you. You know, I am a policeman.

Rishika : OK. Then, I will give you my father’s phone number. Please call him.

Policeman : That’s good. 1 will call your father.

Rishika : Thank you sir.

C. Pronunciation (‘P”, “Ph” (/p/, /f/))

Read the following words aloud.

Read the following sentences aloud.
Put the photo on the pad.
Pay up the penalty.
Post the parcel to the photographer.
Paste the graph and paint it.
Pay the price for a dolphin show.

Listeing

Listen to the following story carefully.

An Unexpected Reward

A boy and his grandfather were walking along a road. They passed a farmer working hard on his land. The farmer had taken his ragged shirt and worn-out shoes and placed them at the road’s edge. The boy felt he could play a little mischief. He said to his granddad, “Grandpa, why don’t we take the man’s shoes and shirt and hide behind the tree? When he finds them missing, he will be so angry. And we’ll have the fun of watching his expressions.”

But the grandfather replied, “Grandson, never make fun of a farmer or hurt his heart. If you just want to feel happy, then let’s do this instead. Take some coins and place them in each of the farmer’s shoes. Then we’ll hide behind the tree and see what happens.”

The boy did as his grandfather told him. After a little while, the farmer came for his clothes. He put on his ragged old shirt and his feet into his shoes. He felt something hard inside. Annoyed, he took the shoes off to see what it was. There were coins. He was astonished.

He looked up at the sky and fell to his knees.

“Oh! Great God! You are so kind. When I needed money the most, you sent me this gift. Thank you, God! And thank you to whoever you made your messenger.”

Then he walked home, overjoyed. The boy felt proud and happy. His grandfather said, “Grandson, the path to happiness is to make others happy.”

Answer the following questions:
1. Identify the characters in the story.
Answer:
A boy, his grandfather and a farmer are the characters in the story.

2. What did the boy and his grandfather observe while walking along the road?
Answer:
The boy and his grandfather observed a farmer working hard on his land. The farmer had taken his ragged shirt and worn-out shoes and placed them at the road’s edge.

3. Why did the boy want to hide the farmer’s clothes?
Answer:
The boy wanted to hide the farmer’s clothes to have fun of watching his expressions.

4. What advice did the grandfather give to the boy?
Answer:
The grandfather advised the boy not to make fun of a farmer or hurt his heart. He asked the boy to keep some coins in each of the farmer’s shoes to make him happy.

5. What was the unexpected reward to the farmer?
Answer:
The unexpected reward to the farmer was some coins kept by the boy on his grandfather’s advice.

The Thousand Gold Coins

Comprehension

Question 1.
Why did the neighbour throw a bag of coins to Nasruddin?
Answer:
The neighbour wanted to know whether Nasruddin would accept the coins or not if the coins were lesser than one thousand.

Question 2.
Who was the clever man in the story?
Answer:
The clever man was Nasruddin.

Question 3.
The neighbour said sorry. Why?
Answer:
The neighbour lost the case. Nasruddin gave him his money, coat and horse. The neighbour said that he was sorry for interfering in his business.

Fun Time

Laugh and make others laugh.

Friend : You are so lucky, no mosquito can bite you now.

Joke:
Teacher: If I give an apple to you and your sister, and ask you to share it equally, which part of the apple will you get?

I : The whole apple.

Teacher : How?

I : My sister doesn’t like apples.

You can use any two-letter word in the first step, three- letter word next step, four letter word last.

Study Skills

Study the bill and answer the questions.

1. What is the name of the shop?
Answer:
Mahalakshmi Stores

2. What is the customer’s name?
Answer:
Srinivas

3. When did he buy the above things?
Answer:
On 21st of July, 2020

4. How much money did he pay to the shopkeeper?
Answer:
Rs. 275

5. How many pens did the customer buy?
Answer:
10

6. W hat is the price of one notebook?
Answer:
Rs. 40

Clever Tenali Ramakrishna Summary

Chitra Varma was a great painter. On seeing his great painting, one day Srikrishna Devaraya appointed him the chief advisor. Chitra Varma accepted it unwillingly. Tenali Ramakrishna also opposed it. Thus the announcement was made in the kingdom.
As Chitra Varma had no experience in handling court matters, the people of the kingdom became impatient and they met and requested Tenali Ramakrishna for solving the problem.

According to his plan, Ramakrishna invited the emperor to bless his son on his naming ceremony. He made all the arrangements. The emperor attended the ceremony and blessed the baby boy. Later, lunch was arranged and dishes were served. The dishes were horrible. They were not good to eat. They were not cooked properly. Then Ramakrishna brought the cook before the emperor and said that he appointed the best carpenter in the kingdom to cook dishes.

The emperor asked Ramakrishna how an excellent carpenter could become a cook. Ramakrishna replied that if a painter could be the emperor’s chief advisor, why a carpenter could not be a cook. The emperor thought and realized his mistake in appointing Chitra Varma his chief advisor. He sent Chitra Varma back to his previous job and thanked Ramakrishna. All praised Tenali Ramakrishna’s presence of mind.

The Thousand Gold Coins Summary

Nasruddin was clever. He had a habit of praying aloud. Every day he used to pray for one thousand gold coins. In his prayer he said that if God gave him one coin lesser, he would not accept the money.

A neighbour who heard the prayer of Nasruddin wanted to test Nasruddin and threw a bag of 999 coins into Nasruddin’s house. Nasruddin counted the coins. Though there were no 1000 coins, he accepted the money. The neighbour asked him how he could accept the money when they were 999 coins only. He said that he was the person who had thrown the money into his house.

Nasruddin said that he would accept the money as it was given to him by God. But the neighbour wanted his money back. Nasruddin refused to give it back. The neighbour asked Nasruddin to come to the court for justice. He offered his coat and his horse to come to the court. He told everything to the judge. Nasruddin played a trick and made the judge believe that the money, the coat and the horse belonged to him.

The neighbour felt sorry and said that he would never interfere in Nasruddin’s matters. Then Nasruddin gave him his money, horse and coat back.

SCERT AP Board 6th Class Social Solutions 11th Lesson Indian Culture, Languages and Religions Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Social Studies Solutions 11th Lesson Indian Culture, Languages and Religions

6th Class Social Studies 11th Lesson Indian Culture, Languages and Religions Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
Name the holy book of the Muslims?
Answer:
The Quran is the holy book of Muslims.

Question 2.
What is the eightfold path?
Answer:
According to Buddha, the final goal is attaining Nirvana. It could be achieved by following the Eightfold Path. These eight aspects are to be practiced to attain Nirvana. The eightfold path is also known as Ashtanga Marga.

Question 3.
Write two slogans to encourage religious unity.
Answer:
“We may have different religions, different languages, different colored skin, but we all belong to one human race – Kofi Annan “ Where there is Unity, there is Victory”.

Question 4.
What is the main philosophy of Christianity?
Answer:
Philosophy of Christianity are:

1. We are the children of God.
2. Lead a pure life without committing sins.
3. Love your neighbor as yourself.
4. When slapped on one cheek, show the other.
5. Service to mankind is service to God.

Question 5.
What are the main teachings of Islam?
Answer:
Teachings of Islam are:

1. All human beings are His creation.
2. All human beings are equal before God.
3. God has no shape and therefore it is wrong to worship idols.
4. Every Muslim should become a servant of God and be honest.

Question 6.
What is Arya Sathyas?
Answer:
The teachings of Gautama Buddha are called four noble truths or Arya Sathyas They are:

1. The world is full of suffering.
2. Suffering is caused by human desires.
3. The renunciation of desires is the path of salvation.
4. Salvation can be attained easily by following the Eightfold Path.

Question 7.
“Unity in Diversity is the dominant cultural trait of India.” – Do you agree or not? Comment.
Answer:
I agree with the statement “Unity in Diversity is the dominant cultural trait of India.” Indians respect the great saints and philosophers who were born in all parts of the country like Mahavira, Buddha, Nanak, Kabir, etc.
Indians celebrate their festivals like Holi, Diwali, Eid, Christmas, Good Friday, Mahavir Jayanti, Buddha Jayanti, etc. very peacefully without disturbing other religious people. We find people of different cultures and different religions moving together, ft is the dominant cultural trait of India.

Question 8.
There are many problems that affect the Indian National Integration at present.
What are the reasons for this? How could these be addressed?
Answer:
Problems that are affecting the National integration are :

1. Casteism: Caste is a significant part of our social framework of Indian society and the difference based on casteism affects National Integration.
2. Communalism: Religious hostility has professed severe challenges to National Integration in India.
3. Linguistic violence: Multi linguism is one of the primary characters in India due to which many residents faced violence.
4. Social and Economic inequalities
5. Regional disparities
6. Extremism

All the parts of India have to develop equally in all fields. Oneness feeling is to be created and developed in all the people of India. Then this problem can be solved.

Question 9.
Locate the given places on the outline map of India.

1. River Indus
2. Tamilnadu
3. Andhra Pradesh
4. Bihar
5. Bhattiprolu
6. River Krishna
7. River Ganga
8. River Yamuna
9. Vindhya ranges
10. Uttar Pradesh

Answer:

Question 10.
Prepare a picture of religious unity.
Answer:

Question 11.
Prepare four slogans to promote religious unity.
Answer:

1. No one can win alone, but Unity can.
2. Unity is for you and you for Unity.
3. Let’s run for Unity, let’s run for India.
4. We can change the world through Unity.

Question 12.
Fill the following blank boxes with the suitable words given below.
I. Religion: Hindu Religion, Sikhism, Christianity, Islam, Jainism, Buddhism
II. God/Messenger: Siddhartha, Jesus Christ, Mahavira, Prophet Muhammad, Lord Krishna, Guru Nanak
III. Holy Book: Tripitaka, Bible, Bhagawad Gita, Quran, Grandh Sahib, Angas
IV. Worshipping place: Mosque, Temple, Gurudwara, Church, Monastery, Jain

Answer:

Project Work

Question 1.
Celebrate Sankranthi, Ramzan, and Christmas in your school.
Answer:
Student Activity.

Question 2.
Read the holy books of all religions, know about the biography, teaching and theme of the religious gurus.
Answer:
Hinduism: Hinduism is based on the principles of Universal truth.
According to Hinduism – God can be realized in many paths. Hinduism says that God exists in all living and Non-living things.

• Service to man is service to God.
• The whole world is one family.
• Let all people be happy.

Pursuit of moksha through penance.
Jainism: Jainism is an ancient religion that is rooted in the philosophy that teaches the way to liberation and a path to spiritual purity and enlightenment through disciplined non-violence to all living creatures.
Tenets of Jainism:

• Belief in God.
• It did not condemn the varna system but attempted to mitigate the evils of the Varna order.

Quran: Holy book of Muslims. Muslims believe that Quran was verbally revealed by Allah to Muhammed through the angel Gabriel.
In Quran God warns human beings to find a proper way to reach happiness and perfection.
Teachings:

• All human beings are His Creation.
• All human beings are equal before the law.
• God has no shape.

Every Muslim should become a servant of God.
Buddhism: Buddha asked his followers to avoid indulgence in worldly pleasure and practice strict abstinence and asceticism. According to Buddha, everyone was responsible for their own happiness in life. The main teachings of Buddhism are encapsulated in the basic concept of Four noble truths.
Christianity: Jesus Christ was the eternal word of God who assumed human form to serve humanity and to rescue human beings. Jesus Christ suffered and died to redeem mankind from sin. Christians believe that Jesus Christ now sits at the right hand of God as the final judge of the dead and the He will return again as prophesized.

Question 3.
Field visit:
Visit a nearby place of worship, and observe the activities and discuss with your class.
Answer:
Student Activity.

6th Class Social Studies 11th Lesson Indian Culture, Languages and Religions InText Questions and Answers

Let’s Do

Question 1.
Invite a Mend of other language and interact with him/her. (Textbook Page No. 123)
Answer:
(This question is answered keeping in view the question given in the 2nd lesson)
Venu met some children from different cities at a youth festival. Venu wants to talk to them. He wants to know about their culture.
Venu: Hello Nihal. I am Venu. I am from Guntur, Andhra Pradesh.
Nihal: Hello Venu, I am from Delhi.
Venu: What is your father. My father is a bank officer.
Nihal: My father is working in railways.
Venu: What is your mother tongue? How many letters are there in your mother tongue?
Nihal: My mother tongue is Hindi. I will tell you some interesting facts. Hindi is an Indo-Aryan language. Hindi is mainly spoken in India. Hindi is the official language of India. Hindi script is Devanagari Script. No of the letters in Hindi is 44. But some authors say there are 52 letters. Tell me about your mother tongue also venu.
Venu: My mother tongue is Telugu. It is spoken mainly in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Telugu has 56 letters. Telugu has more letters in its alphabet than any other Indian language.
Nihal: Oh, great. OK. Bye Venu. My friends are calling me. We will meet again. Bye.

Question 2.
Meet the heads of different religions. Collect the theme and practices of the particular religion. Discuss in the classroom. (Textbook Page No. 126)
Answer:
Hinduism: According to Hinduism the proper goals or main aims of human life is Dharma, Artha, Kama, Moksha.
Islam: Belief in Allah, belief in the prophets, belief in the last day, that there is judgment.
Christianity: The central tenet of Christianity is the belief in Jesus as the son of God and Messiah.
Buddhism: Buddhism encourages its people to avoid self-indulgence but also self-denial.
Jainism: The central theme of Jainism considers religion as a science of ethical practice.
Sikhism: The emphasis is on moral actions, noble living, and working for the welfare of all the people.

Think and Respond

Question 1.
There are many languages in India. What is the need for a language? How did the languages evolve? (Textbook Page No. 124)
Answer:
Language is a medium of communication. With the help of language, we can communicate. Man is the only living being on the earth who uses language. Learning became easier with the evolution of language. In the olden days, people drawn pictures to communicate. They wrote on clothes, leaves, etc. After that, they developed a script. Like this languages evolved.

Question 2.
Try to read the inscription of Krishnadevaraya 1516. Take the help of your teacher to understand this inscription. (Textbook Page No. 125)

Answer:
Student Activity.

Question 3.
Discuss some customs and traditions of our ancestors which help to protect our health and hygiene. (Textbook Page No. 127)
Answer:

1. Saying Namaste instead of shaking hands.
2. Washing hands before eating.
3. Taking off shoes before entering the house.
4. Maintaining regular eating habits.
5. Practicing yoga and meditation are some of the customs and traditions our ancestors followed.

These customs and traditions of our ancestors help, us to protect our health and hygiene in these days also.

Question 4.
Prepare and enact a role play on communal harmony in your school function. (Textbook Page No. 132)
Answer:

• A girl stands as God having a placard with the word Temple.
• A boy comes and prays to god and moves.
• The girl now carries the placard with the word Mosque.
• Another boy comes and performs prayer as a Muslim.
• The girl now carries the placard with the word Church.
• A boy comes with Bible in his hand and performs prayer.
• Now the girl carries the placard Gurudwara.
• Another boy comes and performs prayer.
• Now the girl carries the placard with the word Monastery.
• Another boy comes and prays.
• The girl now carries a placard with the word Mahavira.
• Another boy comes and Prays.
• Now all the boys come together with the placard
  
• They say loudly though we are of different religions we are all Indians.

Do You Know

Question 1.
How was the script developed? (Textbook Page No. 124)
Answer:
People wrote on clothes, leaves, barks, etc. in the olden days. They used pins to write on the dried leaves. Initially, they drew pictures and symbols. Gradually the script developed.

Question 2.
There are 26 letters in English and 56 in Telugu. How many letters are there in Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam, and Odiya? (Textbook Page No. 125)
Answer:
Tamil: 247; Kannada: 49; Malayalam: 56; Odiya: 52

Question 3.
India is called a secular country. Why? (Textbook Page No. 125)
Answer:
India is called a secular state because there is no discrimination of religions. The government will not support any religion. The government cannot interfere in religious matters except if these matters can damage the public. So India is called a secular country.

SCERT AP Board 6th Class Social Solutions 10th Lesson Local Self-Government Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Social Studies Solutions 10th Lesson Local Self-Government

6th Class Social Studies 10th Lesson Local Self-Government Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
What are the differences between Grama Sabha and Grama Panchayat?
Answer:

Question 2.
Suppose you are a representative in your local government body, what issues would you raise?
Answer:
If I am a representative in our locality or village, I shall keep in view the following issues.

1. Schools, hospitals, sanitation, and library facilities.
2. Cleaning and lighting of streets.
3. Supply of drinking water.
4. Supply of electricity.
5. Garbage collection and disposal.
6. Making and maintenance of gardens and parks.
7. Eradication of malaria, dengue and taking care in preventing the outbreak of diseases.
8. I can raise the above issues in Grama Sabha in making the Gram Panchayat work responsibly.

Question 3.
Do you think common people are able to participate in the process of decision-making in your panchayat or municipality? Give some examples to illustrate your answer.
Answer:
I think common people are not able to participate in the process of decision-making in Panchayat or Municipality.

1. The people may not be informed about the meeting. It will result in less attendance in Panchayat or Municipality meetings.
2. Even people attend the meeting a few people only can express their opinions. Such situations occur because people find themselves in fear.

Question 4.
Do you think panchayats should rise more tax from the village to carry out development works or depend upon government funds?
Answer:
Panchayats should get government funds to carry out the development of Panchayat. Panchayat receives 95% of its revenue either from State or Central Governments. Only 5% of the revenue is from taxes. Though they increase Taxes the amount received may not increase abnormally. So it is better to get more funds from the government besides rising the tax from the village nominally

Question 5.
What challenges do the Sarpanch face in carrying out their work?
Answer:
In carrying works sometimes the Sarpanch has to face some challenges. Because he is known to all people in the village he may not express some issues freely. In the collection of house tax, he may not demand to pay the tax. If any encroachment is noticed he may not ask them effectively. If sufficient funds are not provided he cannot implement development activities. He cannot ask the government also to release funds to meet – all the requirements of the Panchayat.

Question 6.
What are the public amenities provided by a Municipality but not a Panchayat?
Answer:
Amenities provided by Municipality: Roads, drainage and garbage disposal running schools, ration shops, hospitals, etc., besides taking up new developmental works.
Of these amenities running schools, ration shops, and hospitals are provided by a municipality only.

Question 7.
Geetika says that her street tap gives water only for half an hour and several people queue up to fill their buckets. What would you advise her to do to solve this problem?
Answer:
I will ask Geetika to take an individual tap connection so that she will get water for more time and she can get more water. For this individual connection, she has to pay tax and this will be useful for the municipality also. She can save time by not standing in the queue and can help the neighbors also.
She can write a letter to the municipal/panchayat officers to provide another tap in that area. She can consult that ward councilor or ward member and explain the problem to them. With the help of them, another tap can be provided there and it can ‘ reduce the problem of Geetika and many others also.

Question 8.
Frame a few questions to ask the local Corporator/Councillor to know the details of work done by the Municipality?
Answer:

1. What are the works sanctioned for our area?
2. What is the progress of that works?
3. Is there any problem arising?
4. What are the measures taking to kill mosquitoes which are causing diseases like dengue, malaria, chikungunya, etc?
5. What are the steps following to improve drainage and garbage disposal which do not allow the mosquitoes to grow?

Question 9.
Locate the following municipalities and municipal corporations in Andhra Pradesh.

1. Visakhapatnam
2. Vijayawada
3. Bheemunipatnam
4. Kadapa
5. Anantapuram
6. Tirupati

Answer:

Project Work

Visit your nearby Grama Sachivalayam/Ward Sachivalayam and interview the functionaries of Sachivalayam and make a report.
Answer:
Model Interview of one of the functionaries in Grama Sachivalayam: (Model was given.)

1. I will ask the name of the functionary.
2. His / Her designation.
3. Enquire about the superiors.
4. Duties he has to perform.
5. Problems he identified in his ward.
6. No of the problems he solved in his ward.
7. How his superiors helped in solving the problems.
8. Whether he is satisfied with the job or not.

I will tell him the story of Ashoka. Ashoka asked his officers to explain the inscriptions to the illiterate people. Like the officers, the volunteers also have to deliver government services at the doorsteps.
Make posters on different public amenities which are provided by Local self-Governments.
Answer:
Student Activity.

6th Class Social Studies 10th Lesson Local Self-Government InText Questions and Answers

Let’s Do

Question 1.
Prepare a poster on public amenities in your locality as a group activity. (Textbook Page No. 111)
Answer:

Question 2.
If you live in a village, visit your grama sabha and make a report. (Textbook Page No. 112)
Answer:
In April I had been to my grandparent’s house. My grandfather told me that he is going to attend the Grama Sabha meeting. He told me that on April 14th and October 3rd the Grama Sabha meetings will be held every year. There I observed all the villagers gathered and the Sarpanch of the Grama Sabha convened the meeting. They discussed the problems in that Panchayat and solutions for the same. The Sarpanch explained about various welfare programs that the government is implementing. He asked all the villagers whether all the amenities are coming to them or not. Later he concluded the meeting.

Question 3.
With the help of your teacher/parents, try to know the services provided by the Grama Volunteers. (Textbook Page No. 115)
Answer:
Services provided by the Grama Volunteers:

1. Government services are to be delivered at the doorstep of all eligible households irrespective of Caste/ Religion/Creed/Gender/Political affiliation.
2. If any person in the ward request any service volunteer should transfer the data to the village secretariat.
3. The services/schemes of the government should be explained in detail and also have to assist them to apply which is under him/her.
4. The grama volunteer should attend the meeting held in the grama secretariat and have to maintain the record of the issues and requests which he collected to the authority.
5. The volunteer should guide the people under him regarding security, education, health, and employment.
6. The volunteer should resolve the issues such as roads, street lights, drains, and drinking water.

Question 4.
How many Nagara Panchayats, Municipalities, and Municipal Corporations are there in your district? (Textbook Page No. 117)
Answer:
Student Activity (One example is given for you. Students have to collect information about their own district and write the answer).
Ex: Our district is Guntur District.
There are 14 municipalities in our Guntur district. Municipal Corporation is there in our Guntur district.
There is no Nagar Panchayat in our district.

Question 5.
Visit nearby Municipal council / Municipal corporation and observe the functions. And make a poster or storyboard as Individual activity. (Textbook Page No. 118)
Answer:

Question 6.
Fill the following table with the help of your teacher. (Textbook Page No. 118)

Answer:

Think and Respond

Question 1.
Name the public amenities which are provided in your locality. (Textbook Page No. 111)
Answer:
The public amenities which were provided in my locality are:

1. Drinking water.
2. Best drainage system.
3. Street lights.
4. Library.
5. Park.
6. Benches on one side of the road.

Question 2.
Write the similarities and differences between Grama Sabha and Grama Panchayat. (Textbook Page No. 112)
Answer:
Similarities:

Differences:

Question 3.
Give some reasons, why additions or deletions to the voters list become necessary? (Textbook Page No. 113)
Answer:
If a person attains the age of 18 his name is to be included in the voter’s list. Similarly, if any person dies whose name is in the voter’s list, his name is to be deleted. With all these types of additions and deletions, a new voters list is to be prepared. So, additions or deletions are necessary to the voter’s list.

(Textbook Page No. 115)

Question 4.
Who are your MPTC and ZPTC?
Answer:
(Student Activity)

Question 5.
How many mandals are there in your district?
Answer:
(Student Activity)

Question 6.
List out the public amenities provided by the local body in your area. (Textbook Page No. 116)
Answer:
Public amenities in our area:

1. Water supply.
2. Drainage system.
3. Sanitation.
4. Street lights.
5. Recording births and deaths.
6. Necessary action to be taken to check contagious diseases.
7. Building libraries, schools, gardens, and parks.
8. Keeping the city clean.

Question 7.
How is grama panchayat differ from the municipality in its functioning? (Textbook Page No. 118)
Answer:

SCERT AP Board 6th Class Social Solutions 9th Lesson Government Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Social Studies Solutions 9th Lesson Government

6th Class Social Studies 9th Lesson Government Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
Write the differences between Parliamentary and Presidential democracy.
Answer:
In the Parliamentary system, the executive body is formed from the legislature. The executive body is responsible to the legislature. (Ex: India & Britain).
In the Presidential system, the executive body is not formed from the legislature. The executive body is not responsible to the legislature. (Ex: America & Brazil)

Question 2.
What is a government? What are the different types of governments?
Answer:
A Group of people that controls and makes decisions for a country or a state is called the government. Monarchy and democracy are the different types of government.

Question 3.
Write any four activities organized by the government in our times.
Answer:

1. The government ensures food, shelter for the citizens.
2. Government helps the people during cyclones and floods.
3. Government has the duty of protecting the boundaries.
4. Government builds schools, hospitals, and roads.
5. Government implements various schemes for the welfare of the people.

Question 4.
Is it possible to include the opinions of all the participants in taking a decision? Discuss with some more examples.
Answer:
No. It is not possible to include the opinions of all the participants in taking a decision. Only one decision can be implemented in a concept. If there are 20 members in a meeting and one proposal is supported by 11 members and 9 members oppose it. Even 9 members opposed the proposal, it will be implemented because the majority of the members supported the proposal. But some amendments can be done to the proposal.

Question 5.
How would your school function if it was run by all the students and teachers together? Would you want everyone to participate in taking decisions? or would you like to elect representatives? Give reasons?
Answer:
If a school is run by all the students and teachers so many good decisions can be taken for the prosperity of the school. Teachers can express the problems faced by the students and students can also express their problems.
This will lead to a friendly atmosphere in the school. Because a school is a small unit both ways can be implemented. Teachers’ and students’ interactions will help the students in the future also. They can express their views freely in the future also. Nowadays in so many job interviews and group discussions are followed. There are opinions are to be expressed. If we follow this method from the school level it will be beneficial for the students.

Question 6.
Do you think the decision-making in your school is democratic? Does everyone has a say in it?
Answer:
The decision-making in our school is democratic. We discuss the issues with our class leader and they can be discussed with our class teacher later and a solution can be found.

Question 7.
Satwik’s father consulted all the members of his family on setting up a shop but everyone had a different opinion. Finally, he decided to set up the shop. Do you think he was democratic?
Answer:
In my opinion, Satwik’s father was democratic. Because

1. he consulted all the members and asked their opinion in setting the shop.
2. I think the majority of the family members supported the idea of setting up a shop.

So, Satwik’s father might have decided to set up the shop.

Question 8.
Padma’s mother asked all children where they would like to go on Sunday. Two children wanted to go and watch a film and three wanted to go to the park. If you were in Padma’s place what decision would you take? Give reasons.
Answer:
If I am Padma’s mother I will take them to the park on that Sunday because three of them are interested to go to the park.
I will convince them that I will take them to the cinema another Sunday.

Question 9.
The place of origin of democracy is …………….
a) China
b) India,
c) Greece
d) Rome
Answer:
c) Greece

Question 10.
Who has the right to make decisions in direct democracy?
a) Men
b) Women
c) Representative
d) All eligible voters
Answer:
d) All eligible voters

Question 11.
In India, all the people above …………….. years of age enjoy Universal Adult Franchise.
a) 18 years
b) 21 years
c) 20 years
d) 19 years
Answer:
a) 18 years

Question 12.
Every state and union territory in India has a Capital city. This is the headquarters of the state government. Point put the following state capitals which are the headquarters of the state governments concerned in the next page given India Map.
1. Maharashtra
2. Tamilnadu
3. Andhra Pradesh
4. Karnataka
5. West Bengal
6. Telangana
7. Ladakh
8. Punjab
9. Kerala
10. Arunachal Pradesh
11. Madhya Pradesh
12. Jharkhand
13. Chattisgarh
14. Uttarakhand
15. Gujarat
16. Odisha
Answer:

Project Work

1. Collect some logos and information about different welfare schemes of our government.
Answer:

1. AMMA VODI:
   
   The Hon’ble Chief Minister, Government of Andhra Pradesh has announced a flagship programme “AMMA VODI” as a part of “NAVARATNALU” for providing financial assistance to each mother or recognized guardian in the absence of the mother, who is below the poverty line household, irrespective of caste, creed, religion, and region.
2. HOUSING SCHEME FOR POOR PEOPLE:
   
   Under the program, the government intends to provide house-sites to 26.6 lakh people below the poverty line. Later, houses will be constructed.
3. JAGANNANA VASATHI DEEVANA:
   
   The scheme is aimed at providing financial assistance to nearly 14 lakh students across the state and to ensure that students from lower-income households get financial assistance for their education “while Jagannana Vasathi Deevana will take care of hostel and mess charges.”
4. Dr. YSR AAROGYASRI:
   
   The state government has introduced one of the most successful health plans – Dr. YSR Aarogyasri. It mainly caters to the medical needs of families that are not financially well equipped.
5. JALA YAGNAM:
   
   This project accords the highest priority for the development of irrigation infrastructure, particularly in backward and drought-prone areas by taking up this program in a big way. Jala Yagnam includes a number of irrigation projects by the construction of reservoirs and lifts irrigation systems for lifting water from major rivers, particularly from the Godavari, to provide immediate irrigation benefits.

2. Collect the pictures of the President of India, Prime Minister, Governor and Chief Minister, your local M.P (Lok Sabha), and M.L.A from newspapers and prepare a scrapbook.
Answer:
Student Activity.

6th Class Social Studies 9th Lesson Government InText Questions and Answers

Let’s Do

Question 1.
Look at the newspaper headlines below and list the different activities of the government. (Textbook Page No. 101)

Answer:

1. Educational facilities like online classes to students.
2. Government has a plan to tackle floods soon.
3. Government fixes the price of onions. Onions will be put into the market and see that there will be no shortage.
4. AP government has conducted maximum Coronavirus tests.
5. Modern facilities will be provided in the hospitals to serve the poor.
6. Accelerating the impact of digital learning in India.

Question 2.
With the help of your teacher, try to know the above Logos and pictures of government schemes (Refer Text page 102 for the figure). Fill the following Mind map. (Textbook Page No. 102)

Answer:

Question 3.
Observe the following pictures. Write the name of the government in respective boxes. (Textbook Page No. 103)

Answer:

Question 4.
Conduct a model election with the help of your teacher. Observe the process of the election. (Textbook Page No. 105)
Answer:
Students: Good morning teacher.
Teacher: Good morning my dear children. Today let us conduct a model election in the class. You all select a student among you as your class leader.
Students: OK teacher.
Teacher: Two of you can contest for the class leader post. Take a piece of paper of the same size.
Students: OK teacher.
Teacher: OK. Now write the name of the student whom you want to be the class leader on the piece of paper you have taken. Fold the paper and put that paper in the box kept in the corner of the room.
Teacher: Now open the box and count who got more votes. According to the majority who get more votes will be declared as the class leader. Like this in a democracy elections will be held. A candidate who gets more votes will be declared elected.

Question 5.
Ask your parents and, find out the problems they observed in the electoral system and prepare a report. Discuss it in your class and find solutions for these problems. (Textbook Page No. 105)
Answer:

1. Majority System: Present majority system leads to many problems. Sometimes a candidate who gets 25% of the votes also gets elected.
   • Instead of this, a candidate should get more than 50% votes.
2. Money Power: Nowadays elections are a costly affair. Votes are being as a market good through buying and selling.
   • A candidate should spend the amount told by the election commission. If it increases the candidate should be punished and suspended from the election.
3. Muscle Power: Muscle power and domination are another major setbacks.
   • Election Commission should take measures to control this problem by giving more security at polling booths.
4. Caste and Religion: These two play a major role in elections.
   • They should be given less importance.

Think and Respond

(Textbook Page No. 100)

Question 1.
How is the legislature is different from the executive?
Answer:
The legislature: Legislature is the law and policy-making body either in the Parliament or State assembly.
The Executive: Executive is responsible for the effective implementation of the laws/ policies passed in the legislature.

Question 2.
What is the prime duty of the judiciary?
Answer:
Interpreting the laws is the prime duty of the judiciary.

(Textbook Page No. 102)

Question 3.
Name some more works of the government.
Answer:

• Amma Vodi
• YSR Asara
• Ban on Alcohol
• Jalayagnam
• Fee Reimbursement
• Arogyasri
• YSR Rythu Bharosa

Pedalandariki illu and Pensionla Pempu are some other welfare schemes of Andhra Pradesh.

Question 4.
What kind of facilities do you expect from the government?
Answer:
Important facilities we expect from the government are sanitation, public transport, health care, and water, etc.

(Textbook Page No. 103)

Question 5.
What kind of government do you like? Why?
Answer:
I like the democratic type of government. Because we can express our ideas freely without any hesitation and fear. If they are better, sometimes they can be followed also.

Question 6.
Which government respects the opinion of the people?
Answer:
The democratic type of government respects the opinion of the people.

(Textbook Page No. 104)

Question 7.
What are the differences between monarchy and democracy?
Answer:

Question 8.
Is it possible to implement direct democracy in India? Give reasons.
Answer:
It is not possible to implement direct democracy in India. In India, it may be difficult because of the huge population and vast area.

Question 9.
How is direct democracy different from indirect democracy?
Answer:
In direct democracy people directly participate in decision-making. It is possible in small countries.
In an indirect democracy, people participate in decision-making indirectly through their representatives. It is best to follow indirect democracy in large countries like India.

(Textbook Page No. 105)

Question 10.
How do you understand the rule of majority? Give another example.
Answer:
If the majority of the representatives do not support it, a good proposal may also be objected to. The shop setting of Satwik’s father may not be profitable. But the majority of the family members agreed to set the shop. So Satwik’s father decided to set the shop following the idea of the majority of family members.

Question 11.
Why do we have a government at different levels?
Answer:
Different levels of the government make it easy to distribute power among them. Administration can be easily managed with different levels of the government.

Explore

Question 1.
With the help of your teacher, try to know if any monarchies are there in the world at present? (Textbook Page No. 102)
Answer:
There are monarchies in some countries in the world at present. Some of them are:

1. The kingdom of Saudi Arabia
2. The United Arab Emirates
3. The Sultanate of Oman.

Question 2.
Observe the world map given below and list out the countries that are following the parliamentary system and the presidential system separately. (With the help of your teacher). Refer to the world map given at the end of the book. (Textbook Page No. 106)

Answer:
Parliamentary System

• India (Asia)
• Montenegro (Europe)
• Pakistan (Asia)

Presidential System

• Nigeria (Africa)
• Philippines (Asia)
• Paraguay (South America)

Parliamentary System

• Singapore (Asia)
• Somalia (Africa)
• Slovenia (Europe)
• Serbia (Europe)
• Slovakia (Europe)
• Turkey (Asia & Europe)
• Trinidad and Tobago (South America)

Presidential System

• Peru (South America)
• USA (North America)
• Uruguay (South America)
• Uzbekistan (Asia)
• Uganda (Africa)
• Ukraine (Europe)
• Tanzania (Africa)

Question 3.
With the help of your teacher try to know who is part of the central government and state government. (Textbook Page No. 107)
Answer:

• Central Government: President, Vice-President, Prime Minister, Council of Central ministers and Members of Parliament,
• State Government: Governor, Chief Minister, Council of State ministers, and members of Legislative Assemblies.

SCERT AP Board 6th Class Social Solutions 8th Lesson Kingdoms and Empires Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Social Studies Solutions 8th Lesson Kingdoms and Empires

6th Class Social Studies 8th Lesson Kingdoms and Empires Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
After the war of Kalinga, King Ashoka decided not to fight any more wars. Do you think this type of decision promotes world peace? How?
Answer:
This type of decision definitely promotes world peace. Ashoka said that winning people through dhamma is much better than conquering them through force. He believed that victory of dhamma was the best victory. Ashoka sent his missions of peace to the countries outside of the Maurya Empire and both inside and outside India. It showed an impact on Southern states. To achieve independence Gandhiji also followed non-violence. He brought all the nation together. India won independence. So I think this type of decision promotes world peace.

Question 2.
Explain the relevance of Ashoka Damma today? Appreciate the greatness of Ashoka.
Answer:
The main principles of Damma include :

1. Be kind towards animals. We should be kind to animals all the time.
2. Be obedient to father and mother. We should be grateful and obedient to our parents.
3. Be kind towards the poor. Poor need the support of others to come out of their prob¬lems all the time.
4. Respect the elders. May be of Ashoka’s time or today elders are to be respected.
5. Never criticize other religions. We should be tolerant of other religions.
6. Work for the welfare of mankind. We should work for all the men by not being selfish. So we can say that the principles of dhamma have relevance even today or in the future also.

Question 3.
Compare and contrast the public works undertaken during Ashoka’s period with those of today.
Answer:
Ashoka founded hospitals for people and animals and supplying medicines. Good roads with trees on both sides were provided. People draw water from the wells dug by the government. Travelers were provided with rest houses.
Even today the government is providing some of these facilities to us. But we have to pay some amount for these facilities. In widening the roads they are cutting the big trees. Because of this, the heat will increase and it will become difficult in day time particularly in summer.

Question 4.
Ashoka used his army to serve the people instead of war. What are relief operations do the present Indian army participate in other than war today?
Answer:
Relief operations attended by Army:

1. Non – combat operations in support of national interest.
2. Whenever unrest prevails they will go there and re-establish peace there.
3. They will go to flood-hit areas and serve the people.

Question 5.
What is the contribution of the Guptas in the fields of literature, art, and architecture?
Answer:
The Gupta period was famous for great books and development in literature, art, architecture, Kalidasa was a great poet and play writer during this period. His master¬piece was the Shakuntala. Sophisticated gold coins were minted during the Gupta period. The Gupta period was famous for marvelous rock-cut caves. Some of the paintings and sculptures of Ajantha and Ellora Caves are the finest examples of that period.

Question 6.
Why do we call the Gupta period as a golden age in Indian History?
Answer:
The Gupta period became known as the golden age;> because there are inventions in science, technology, literature, mathematics and astronomy. There were nine great scholars in the court of Chandragupta – II. They were called ‘Navaratnas’. Aryabhatta and Brahmagupta were the two great mathematicians of that time. Char aka and Sushruta were the two great persons in medicine. Without any lab, the scientists of the Gupta period understood that the earth is round and it revolves around the Sun. They noticed the movements of stars and planets. The scientists of the Gupta period were also experts in metal technology. They made steel and iron weapons and tools. They minted sophisticated gold coins also. So we can say that the Gupta period is the golden age in Indian history.

Question 7.
How did Guptas contribute to the fields of medicine and metal technology?
Answer:
Medicine: Charaka and Sushruta were the two great persons in medical knowledge during the Gupta period. Sushruta was the first Indian doctor who carried out plastic surgery on the damaged noses. Doctors of the Gupta period could set broken bones and perform operations. Charaka composed ‘Charaka Samhitha’. This was the basic text for Ayurvedic medicine. He was a renowned physician of that period.
Metal technology: The scientists of the Gupta period were experts in metal technology. They made steel and iron tools and weapons. They minted gold coins.

Question 8.
What was the contribution of the Pallavas to architecture?
Answer:
Mahendravarman-I was a great patron of art and architecture. He introduced a new style of Dravidian architecture which was known as the Mahendra style. Narasimhavarman-I converted the port of Mahabalipuram into a beautiful city of art and architecture. Five rathas were built in Mahabalipuram. Each ratha has been carved out of a single rock. Narsimhavarman-II was another Pallava king and during his period temples were built by using soft sand rocks. It was known as the Rajasimha style. The famous Kailasnath temple at Kanchipuram is the best Example of Rajasimha style.

Question 9.
Locate the following places on the outline map of India.

1. Pataliputra
2. Ujjaini
3. The river Narmada
4. Kanchi
5. Mahabalipuram
6. Dhanyakataka

Answer:

Question 10.
Who am I ?
a) I am in the lion capital of Ashoka. I am at the center of our national flag. Who am I?
Answer:
Ashoka Chakra.
b) I belong to Gupta Dynasty. I defeated all the kings in India. Who am I?
Answer:
Samudragupta.
c) I am the Capital of Satavahana Empire. I am located on the banks of the river Krishna. Who am I?
Answer:
Dhanyakataka.
d) I completed the rock-cut temples of Mahabalipuram. I am the son of Mahendravarman-I. Who am I?
Answer:
Narasimhavarman -I.

Project Work

Collect the pictures of some rock-cut temples of Mahabalipuram and paste them in your scrapbook.
Answer:
Student Activity.

6th Class Social Studies 8th Lesson Kingdoms and Empires InText Questions and Answers

Let’s Do

(Textbook Page No. 89)

Question 1.
Identify the kingdom of Kalinga in the present map of India with the help of your teacher.
Answer:

Question 2.
What is the present name of Kalinga?
Answer:
Odisha state.

(Textbook Page No. 90)

Question 3.
Prepare a timeline chart of the Mauryan Dynasty.
Answer:

Question 4.
Discuss the character of emperor Ashoka in the classroom.
Answer:

1. Ashoka the Great was the third king of the Mauryan Dynasty.
2. Ashoka was the most famous and unique Mauryan ruler.
3. Ashoka was the only king in the world’s history who gave up the conquest even after winning the war.
4. He converted to Buddhism after witnessing the mass deaths of the Kalinga War.
5. He was the first ruler who tried to spread his message through inscriptions to the people.
6. He started to follow a religious policy of his own and formulated various policies of Dhamma.
7. Ashoka’s ‘Ashoka Chakra’ was adopted as the ‘Symbol of Independent India’.

Question 5.
Write any four important cities of the Gupta empire as shown in the map. (Textbook Page No. 92)
Answer:
Ujjain, Pataliputra, Sanchi and Bharukaccha.

Question 6.
Collect the pictures of the coins of the Mauryas and the Satavahana empires. Paste them in your scrapbook. (Textbook Page No. 94)
Answer:
Student Activity.

Question 7.
Collect the pictures of the local temple and write a note on its architecture. (Textbook Page No. 97)
Answer:
Student Activity.

Think and Respond

(Textbook Page No. 88)

Question 1.
Do you think Chandragupta could have established the Mauryan empire without Chanakya?
Answer:
I don’t think that Chandragupta alone can establish the Mauryan empire. The brilliance of Chanakya and the efficiency of Chandragupta as a warrior led to the establishment of the Mauryan empire. I think that without each other, neither Chanakya could have completed his dream nor Chandragupta would have been able to establish his rule.

Question 2.
Why did Ashoka want to win Kalinga?
Answer:
Kalinga was an important kingdom because it controlled the trade routes with Southeast Asia. Because of this, Ashoka, the Mauryan king wanted to capture it. So he declared a war on Kalinga.

Question 3.
Why was Ashoka not happy after the Kalinga war?
Answer:
In the Kalinga war both sides suffered heavy losses. More than one lakh people died in the war. The Kalinga war resulted in the great loss of life and property. Ashoka was so horrified wher^he saw the violence and bloodshed. This war was the most important event of Ashoka’s life. His heart was moved to see the misery of men. He decided not to fight any more wars, He realized that there is a need to be some other way to achieve or conquer. He started a new path which was known as Dhamma. He was the only king in the history of the world who gave up conquest after winning a war.

(Textbook Page No. 90)

Question 4.
Ashoka’s Inscriptions were understood by illiterates also. How do you think it was possible?
Answer:
Ashoka appointed special officers to read his inscriptions to the illiterates.

Question 5.
In what way do the messages of the government reach the people today?
Answer:
Today there are many newspapers and television channels. It is very easy to spread the message of the government to people today.

(Textbook Page No. 91)

Question 6.
Discuss the importance of our National Symbols in the classroom.
Answer:
The national symbol commands high respect and is used only for official purposes and events of national importance. It appears on all government official letterheads, Indian currency, and passports. It is the official seal of the state governments and the President of India also.

Question 7.
Do you think there was a relationship between trade and transport? If so justify your answer.
Answer:
There is a close relationship between trade and transport. Transportation helps in easy exchange of raw materials and finished goods. Transport is important because it enables trade between people, which is essential for the development of civilizations. Transport plays an important part in the economic growth of a particular place.

Question 8.
Do you think Samudra Gupta was a great conqueror? Support your answer. (Textbook Page No. 93)
Answer:
After Chandragupta’s death, his son Samudragupta took over and expanded the Gupta empire in north India. He was a great conqueror and remained undefeated. Nine important kingdoms of North India were made part of the Samudraguptas empire. 12 rulers of Dakshinapadha surrendered after defeat. Other neighboring countries like Nepal, Bhutan, and Srilanka accepted his authority. With all these, I can say that Samudragupta was a great conquerer.

Question 9.
Shall we say Gauthamiputhra Satakarni the greatest ruler of the Satavahanas? If so, why? (Textbook Page No. 95)
Answer:
Yes. we can say that Gautamiputra Satakarni was the greatest ruler of the Satavahanas. He defeated Sakas. He defeated Yawanas and Pallavas and conquered their kingdoms. He conquered the land between the three seas. He got the title of ‘Trisamudradhees-wara.’

Question 10.
Ikshvakus were able to bring all other clans together. Do you agree or disagree? If so, what were the ways they were used? (Textbook Page No. 96)
Answer:
I agree with the above statement. Ikshvakus tried to strengthen their kingdom by marrying people from the other clans. So that they will all get united and they will become strong and they will get support from other clans.

SCERT AP Board 6th Class Social Solutions 5th Lesson Early Life to Settled Life Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Social Studies Solutions 5th Lesson Early Life to Settled Life

6th Class Social Studies 5th Lesson Early Life to Settled Life Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
List out the products of the forests?
Answer:
Fruits, edible roots and tubers, nuts, seeds, leaves, honey, wild grains, medicinal herbs, fungi and other natural products.

Question 2.
What do you know about nomadic life?
Answer:
A nomad is someone who lived by travelling from place to place. The nomadic lifestyle is likely the oldest form of human society. Nomads generally move from place to place depending upon variables such as climate, season, water availability, food and movement of animal herds.

Question 3.
How do we use fire today?
Answer:
Today, we use fire

1. to cook food,
2. to heat the water
3. for making steam from coal and water
4. for moulding metals
5. in rituals,
6. in agriculture for clearing land,
7. generating heat and light and many more.

Question 4.
Prepare a list of the food items eaten by the early people and the modern people. Do you notice any similarities or differences?
Answer:

Question 5.
“The earliest human life became easier by domesticating animals and plants” Do you agree or not? Support your answer.
Answer:
Yes. We can say that the lives of the earliest humans became easier on domesticating animals because.

1. They will provide them with food.
2. They help them in pulling cars.
3. They are trustful so they can protect them from other animals also.

Question 6.
If there is no grinding stone, how would it affect our food habits?
Answer:
It would be a little tough for us to have food without a grinding stone. But still, we should remember our ancestors – the primitive humans, they had no grinding stone. But they survived. Instead of eating cooked items, we could eat fruits and vegetables. Our diet would completely consist of plants. We would be more conscious of plants and how to save them since they were our main diet.
But I can say cooking would be difficult without any stone or grinder.

Question 7.
What tools do you use for cutting fruits? What would they be made of?
Answer:
To cut fruits generally, I use a knife. They are made of iron or steel.

Question 8.
Where did the early people store food grains?
Answer:
The early people used large clay pots or woven baskets or fig pits into the ground to store food grains.

Question 9.
List out three ways in which the present lives of farmers and herders are different from that of the early people.
Answer:

1. Hunter-gatherers kept travelling from place to place whereas farmers had to live at the same place for longer periods of time to take care of their crops.
2. Hunter-gatherers depended on the meat of wild animals whereas farmers and herders used plants, crops and cattle.
3. Hunter-gatherers did not have any settled life whereas farmers and herders gradually …… settled in huts, pit houses.

Question 10.
How did the lifestyle of farmer-herders lead to early civilisations?
Answer:
Farmer herders learnt to plant the seeds they wanted and grow them for food. They attracted animals by leaving food for them. These animals provided them milk, meat and carried loads. They protected them from wild animals. They stayed in a place for a long time taking care of the plants. They learned storing methods of food. So, people began to settle down inconvenient places for a long time. They built houses. They developed new kinds of tools made of stone. Toolmakers created better farming tools. These communities extended to different parts. In this way, the lifestyle of farmer- herders lead to early civilisations.

Question 11.
Locate the following Rock Art Sites on the map of Andhra Pradesh.
A) Chintakunta
B) Adoni
C) Kavali
D) Naidupalli
E) Velpumadugu
F) Srikalahasti
Answer:

Project Work

Question 1.
Collect the information about rock painting sites. Write a report and exhibit it in your class.
Answer:
Recently I visited rock painting caves in Akkampalle Village in the Kurnool district with my parents. There are three sites to see. Of the three sites, one is a painted rock shelter locally known as “Mosalla-gundu” (‘Boulder of Crocodiles’), while the remaining two are naturally formed rock caves. Artworks found within the caves reflect the life, culture, traits and beliefs of the era.

The Boulder of Crocodiles is open on three sides towards the west, north and south, and contains a large number of paintings. The first crocodile is large in size compared with the other two. These paintings may be assigned to the Mesolithic period due to the nature of their depictions and application of red-ochre colour.

The second cave is a natural rock cave facing north and situated south of the Boulder of Crocodiles. The cave was intentionally closed on three sides with huge boulders, which might have been to offer protection from the cold winds and other natural hazards. The inner face of the cave is decorated with vertical strips of white lime coating.

The final cave is a natural formation facing towards the north, which appears to have been used for the purpose of dwelling. Its three sides – east, west, and south – are closed off with huge boulders of quartzite. There is a roughly rectangular area with uneven natural bedrock as its floor.

Question 2.
Collect some pictures of ancient people and prepare an album.
Answer:
Student Activity.

6th Class Social Studies 5th Lesson Early Life to Settled Life InText Questions and Answers

Let’s Do

Question 1.
List out the activities of early people in the below pictures? (Textbook Page No. 54)

Answer:

Fig. – 1

1. People fetching an animal for food.
2. Women planting seeds.
3. Man searching for something in bushes.

Fig. – 2

1. People fetching an animal for food.
2. The man was polishing a leather.
3. Man trying to lit a fire with rocks,
4. A man is frying food on fire.

Question 2.
List the items that you eat which are not grown but collected from the wild. (Textbook Page No. 55)
Answer:
Honey, tamarind, wood apple, nuts, berries, apricot and spices.

Question 3.
Apart from food, list out the other things that we get from the animals. (Textbook Page No. 60)
Answer:
Wool from sheep, silk from the silkworm, pearls from oyster, leather products from snakes, buffalo etc.,

Question 4.
Make a list of animals and birds that are reared in your area. (Textbook Page No. 60)

Answer:
Animals: cow, buffalo, ox, dog, ass, horse, cat and rabbit.
Birds: Peacock, pigeon, parrot.

Think and Respond

Question 1.
How did the early people discover fire? Discuss with your teacher and write. (Textbook Page No. 55)
Answer:
Perhaps someone discovered fire while making a stone tool. When stones are rubbed or struck against each other, sparks can be seen. Strike means to hit very hard These sparks can start a fire. Maybe, once the sparks set fire to some dry grass or wood nearby. Or, perhaps some people saw a forest fire. When the fire was over they found many wild animals burnt in it. They also probably tasted a piece of the burnt meat and liked the new taste.
The discovery of fire changed the lives of the people forever.

Question 2.
How does the changing climate affect human life at present? Discuss with your teacher, friends and write.
(Textbook Page No. 58)
Answer:
Human health has always been influenced by climate and weather. Changes in climate patterns result in crop loss or drastically reduced yield. Hence more agriculturists are moving away from agriculture to other occupations which are less reliant on climate. The rise in ocean levels has forced people who live by the coastline, to move inwards and pursue other places.

Question 3.
How did the early humans become herders? (Textbook Page No. 58)
Answer:
People say that they could attract tame animals by leaving food for them. The first animal to be tamed was the ancestor of the dog. They started rearing sheep, goats, cattle, etc. that lived in herds and most of them eat grass! People often protected these animals from being attracted by other wild animals. This is how they became herders.

Question 4.
How can you say the rearing of animals paved the way to a settled life of the early humans? (Textbook Page No. 59)
Answer:
As early humans started farming, they realized that seeds will take time to grow. For this, the early man realized that he has stayed in that place for a long time. He realized that he has to take care of the plants, watering them and protecting them from birds and animals.
Besides, he realized that animals will get multiplied if they are taken care of. He realised that he will get milk and meat from them.
For these reasons, early humans began to settle down inconvenient places for a long time.

Question 5.
Compare the lifestyle of the modern farmers with the early farmers-herders.
Answer:

Question 6.
What will happen if we don’t store food grains? (Textbook Page No. 59)
Answer:
Grains had to be stored for food and seeds. If we don’t store them scarcity arises and there will be no grains to put in the fields.

Question 7.
Prepare a list of articles that are using for cooking and storing in modern days. (Textbook Page No. 61)
Answer:
For cooking, we use gas stoves or electric induction stoves. For- storing we use refrigeration, vacuum packaging, pasteurization, canning, and irradiation.

SCERT AP Board 6th Class Social Solutions 3rd Lesson Maps Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Social Studies Solutions 3rd Lesson Maps

6th Class Social Studies 3rd Lesson Maps Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
What are the components of a map?
Answer:
The components of the map are

1. Directions,
2. Scale,
3. Symbols and
4. Colours.

Question 2.
Why is the actual distance on the ground reduced on a map?
Answer:
It is impossible to draw a map showing actual distances. So we use ‘scale’ to show the actual distance on the ground in a reduced manner on a map.

Question 3.
Explain the need for symbols in preparing maps.
Answer:
Maps are too small for us to draw pictures of the things shown on them. For example, we can’t draw the real school or a bus stand or a tree as they will take too much space on the map. Therefore, we always show things with the help of symbols on the map.

Question 4.
Find out the scale used in your district map to show the distance between your Mandal headquarter and district headquarter?
Answer:
Student Activity (One example is given for you).
Ex: Our mandal is Agiripalli. It is in the Krishna district. Our district headquarter is Machilipatnam.
On the map, the scale is given as 1 cm = 10 km.
The actual distance from Agiripalli to Machilipatnam is 83 km.
The distance between Agiripalli to Machilipatnam is 8.3 cms on the map.

Question 5.
How political maps are different from physical maps.
Answer:
Political maps show territorial features like country, cities, nations and their boundaries. A physical map indicates the natural features of a place like mountains, water bodies, plains etc.

Question 6.
What is the importance of thematic maps?
Answer:
A thematic map shows the spatial distribution of earth surface features. Thematic maps are used to display geographical concepts such as density, distribution, relative magnitudes, gradients, spatial relationships and movements. These maps focus on specific information like the map of rainfall, roads, tourist places etc..

Question 7.
What are the uses of maps in our daily life?
Answer:
Maps help us in many ways in our daily life. They help us to understand the concept of a subject.

1. Maps help us to locate places like cities, districts, states and countries.
2. Maps show the physical features such as mountains, plateaus, plains.
3. Maps help us to know the major routes of transport such as roads, railways, etc.
4. Maps help us to understand the distribution of crops, minerals, soils etc.
5. Maps help the army at the time of war and for security reasons.
6. Maps guide the tourists to their destination.
7. Maps help us to understand history easily.

Question 8.
Locate all continents and oceans on the given World map.
Answer:

Choose the correct answer.

1) Maps showing the distribution of forests are …………….
A) Physical map
B) Thematic Map
C) Political map
D) none of the above
Answer:
B) Thematic Map

2) The blue colour is used for showing …………….
A) Waterbodies
B) Mountains
C) Land
D) Plains
Answer:
A) Waterbodies

3) A scale is a necessary component for …………….
A) Map
B) Sketch
C) Plan
D) None
Answer:
A) Map

4) A compass is used …………….
A) To show symbols
B) To find the main direction
C) To measure distance.
D) To find the height
Answer:
B) To find the main direction

5) The intermediate direction between the North and East is called …………….
A) North-east
B) South-east
C) North-west
D) South-west
Answer:
A) North-east

Project Work

Question 1.
Draw a sketch of your school.
Answer:
Student Activity.

Question 2.
Collect different maps and make a scrapbook.
Answer:
Student Activity.

Question 3.
Draw a sketch map showing the route from your home to school by using appropriate symbols.
Answer:
Student Activity.

6th Class Social Studies 3rd Lesson Maps InText Questions and Answers

Let’s Do

Question 1.
Why was Mrudula not able to reach her destination with the help of the above sketch?  (Textbook Page No. 29 & 30)
Answer:
Mrudula was not able to reach her destination (Sathwika’s house) because there are no directions and scale in the given sketch.

Question 2.
Go through the below picture and fill in the following table. (Textbook Page No. 30 & 31)


Answer:

Question 3.
Observe the given picture and calculate the actual distance between the following places using the scale. (Textbook Page No. 32)

Answer:
i. The distance between PO (A) and Raju’s house (C).
Answer:
Approximately 60 metres.
ii. The distance between Raju’s house (C) and Puja’s house (E).
Answer:
Approximately 30 metres.
iii. The distance between Chiru’s house (D) and the school.
Answer:
Approximately 55 metres.

Question 4.
Make a table with the states, UTs and their capital. (Textbook Page No. 35)

Answer:

Question 5.
Go through the below physical map and write some physical features of India. (Textbook Page No. 35)

Answer:
India has all major physical features of the earth i.e., mountains, plains, deserts, plateaus, and islands.

1. The Himalayan mountains or the Northern Mountains.
2. The Northern plains or the Indo – Gangetic Plains.
3. The Peninsular Plateau.
4. The Great Indian desert
5. The Coastal Plains.
6. The Islands.

Question 6.
Collect different thematic maps and display them in your classroom. Discuss with your Mends. (Textbook Page No. 36)
Answer:
Student Activity.

Think and Respond

Question 1.
How do symbols give us information? (Textbook Page No. 32)
Answer:
With the help of symbols, maps can be drawn easily and are simple to read also. It is not possible to draw a map in the actual shape and size with different features such as buildings, rivers, bridges, trees, and railway lines, etc. So they are shown by using certain colours, letters, shades, pictures, and lines.

Question 2.
What does the map indicate? (Textbook Page No. 36)

Answer:
This is a thematic map of India. Major crop-grown areas were shown on this map. From this map, we can know in which areas of India Rice, Wheat, Jowar, Bajra were grown. We can also know where two crops were grown.

Question 3.
Why it is called a thematic map? (Textbook Page No. 36)
Answer:
Thematic maps are called so because they focus on a specific theme or subject relating to a particular theme or aspect of geography like the map of rainfall, roads, tourist places.

SCERT AP Board 6th Class Telugu Textbook Solutions 5th Lesson మన మహనీయులు Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Telugu Solutions 5th Lesson మన మహనీయులు

6th Class Telugu 5th Lesson మన మహనీయులు Textbook Questions and Answers

ప్రశ్నలు – జవాబులు

అ) లఘు ప్రశ్నలు:

ప్రశ్న 1.
పింగళి వెంకయ్యగారిని గురించి మీకు తెలిసిన విషయాలు రాయండి.
జవాబు:
పింగళి వెంకయ్యగారు మన జాతీయ జెండాను తయారుచేశారు. అందుకే ఆయనను జెండా వెంకయ్య అంటారు.

ఆయన కృష్ణాజిల్లా భట్ల పెనుమర్రులో జన్మించారు. ఆయన పుట్టిన తేదీ 2.8.1878. ఆయన దేశభక్తితో 19వ ఏట సైన్యంలో చేరారు.

1906లో కలకత్తాలో జరిగిన జాతీయ కాంగ్రెస్ మహాసభలలో ఎగరేసిన బ్రిటిష్ జెండా చూసి, మన దేశానికి ‘జెండా తయారుచేయాలని సంకల్పించారు. 1921లో విజయవాడలో 3 గంటలలో జెండాను రూపొందించారు. త్రివర్ణ పతాకం, మధ్యలో రాట్నంతో తయారుచేశారు. ఆయన 4.7.1963న స్వర్గస్థులయ్యారు.

ప్రశ్న 2.
శంకరంబాడి గారి జ్ఞాపకార్థం తిరుపతిలో ఎటువంటి ఏర్పాటు జరిగింది?
జవాబు:
2004లో ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ ప్రభుత్వం తిరుపతిలో శంకరంబాడి సుందరాచారి గారి కాంస్య విగ్రహాన్ని నెలకొల్పింది. తిరుమల తిరుపతి దేవస్థానం ఆయన జ్ఞాపకార్థం ఆ విగ్రహం దగ్గర మైకు ద్వారా “మా తెలుగు తల్లికి మల్లెపూదండ” గేయం నిరంతరం ధ్వనించే ఏర్పాటు చేసింది.

ప్రశ్న 3.
ప్రతిజ్ఞ విద్యార్థులలో ఎటువంటి భావాలను కలిగిస్తుంది?
జవాబు:
బడి పిల్లలంతా బడి ఆవరణలో ఉదయం జరిగే ప్రార్థనా సమావేశంలో “భారతదేశం నా మాతృభూమి” అంటూ చేసే ప్రతిజ్ఞ అచంచలమైన దేశభక్తిని, అంతులేని జాతీయతా భావ చైతన్యాన్ని, ఎనలేని సోదర భావాన్ని కలుగజేస్తుంది.

ఆ) వ్యాసరూప ప్రశ్నలు:

ప్రశ్న 1.
తెలుగుభాష, సంస్కృతులపై ‘శంకరంబాడి సుందరాచారి’ సాధికారతను తెలిపే సంఘటనను సొంత మాటల్లో రాయండి.
జవాబు:
బెనారస్ విశ్వవిద్యాలయంలో సాయంత్రం 4 గంటలకు శంకరంబాడి వారి ఉపన్యాసం ఉంది. ఆయన 6 గంటలకు వచ్చారు. అప్పటికే ఎదురుచూసి చూసి పిల్లలు విసిగిపోయారు. “ఇప్పుడు మొదలెడితే ఎప్పటికి వదుల్తాడో” అని బరంపురం కుర్రాడు అన్నాడు. ఆయన విన్నారు. తన ఉపన్యాసం మొదలుపెట్టి, ముగించేలోగా లేచి వెళ్లమని ఆ అబ్బాయిని శంకరంబాడి వారు సవాల్ చేశారు.

తెలుగుభాష గురించి చక్కగా చెప్పారు. కోడికూతతో ప్రారంభమయ్యే తెలుగువారి జీవితం గురించి, పల్లె పడుచుల కూనిరాగాలు, పశువుల అరుపులూ, పిట్టలకూతలూ, జానపద గీతాలు, పల్లెసుద్దులు, అమ్మ పాడే భక్తి గీతాలు, పిల్లల ఆటలు, పాటలు వర్ణించారు. గంగిరెద్దులు, హరిదాసులు, రచ్చబండ కబుర్లు మొత్తం తెలుగు సంస్కృతిని, భాషను ఆడుతూ, పాడుతూ గంటన్నరపాటు చెప్పారు. ఆయన సాధికారతకు అందరూ మంత్రముగ్ధులై విన్నారు. ఇంకా ఇంకా చెప్పమన్నారు. అక్కడే ‘మా తెలుగుతల్లికి మల్లెపూదండ’ పాడారు. మరో అరగంట మాట్లాడారు.

ప్రశ్న 2.
ఆంధ్రరాష్ట్ర అవతరణలో పొట్టి శ్రీరాములు త్యాగం గురించి సొంత మాటల్లో రాయండి.
జవాబు:
ఆంధ్రులకు ప్రత్యేక రాష్ట్రం ప్రకటించే వరకు తన దీక్ష ఆమరణాంతం కొనసాగిస్తానని 19. 10. 1952న పొట్టి శ్రీరాములు ఆమరణ నిరాహార దీక్ష ప్రకటించారు. 15. 12. 1952 వరకు ఆమరణ దీక్ష కొనసాగించారు. ఆ రోజు రాత్రి 11.30 కి ఆయన హృదయ స్పందన ఆగిపోయింది. మూడు రోజుల పాటు ఆంధ్ర అగ్నిగుండమయింది. ఆంధ్ర ఇస్తున్నట్లు కేంద్రం ప్రకటించింది. ఆంధ్రరాష్ట్రం గురించి తన ప్రాణాలను తృణప్రాయంగా అర్పించిన మహానుభావుడు పొట్టి శ్రీరాములు. ఆ అమరజీవి త్యాగాన్ని ఆంధ్రజాతి ఉన్నంతవరకు మరచిపోదు.

పాఠ్యభాగ సారాంశం

తెలుగు ప్రజలకు మేలు చేయడానికి శ్రమించిన కొందరు మహానుభావులున్నారు. వారు తెలుగు జాతి ఆత్మాభిమానాన్ని, తెలుగు భాషా సంస్కృతులను జాతీయ స్థాయిలో నిలిపినవారు. వారిలో పొట్టి శ్రీరాములు, పింగళి వెంకయ్య, పైడిమర్రి వెంకటసుబ్బారావు, శంకరంబాడి సుందరాచారి ముఖ్యులు. అమూల్యమైన వారి త్యాగాలను, కృషిని స్మరించుకుందాం.

1. అమరజీవి పొట్టి శ్రీరాములు :
కనిగిరి ప్రాంతానికి చెందిన శ్రీరాములు కుటుంబం వ్యాపారరీత్యా మద్రాసులో స్థిరపడింది. ఆయన బొంబాయిలో ఉద్యోగం చేస్తూ ప్రజా సేవ చేసేవారు. గాంధీజీ బోధనలకు ఆకర్షితులై స్వాతంత్ర్యోద్యమంలో అడుగు పెట్టారు. ఆరునెలలు జైలు శిక్ష అనుభవించారు. అనేక కార్యక్రమాల్లో చురుగ్గా పాల్గొన్నారు. ఆంధ్రులకు ప్రత్యేక రాష్ట్రం కావాలంటూ ఆమరణ నిరాహారదీక్ష చేశారు. రోజులు గడిచినా ప్రభుత్వం స్పందించలేదు. ఆయన మరణించడంతో ఆంధ్రదేశం ఆందోళనలతో అట్టుడికింది. అప్పుడు కేంద్రం ఆంధ్రరాష్ట్రం ఇస్తున్నామని ప్రకటించింది. కర్నూలు రాజధానిగా ఆంధ్రరాష్ట్రం ఏర్పడింది.

2. జాతీయ జెండా రూపశిల్పి – పింగళి వెంకయ్య :
– భారతీయుల ఆత్మాభిమానానికి, దేశ సార్వభౌమాధికారానికి గుర్తు అయిన జాతీయ జెండాను రూపొందించిన వారు పింగళి వెంకయ్య. కృష్ణాజిల్లాలో జన్మించిన వెంకయ్య గాంధీగారి ఆదేశంతో మూడుగంటల్లో జాతీయ జెండాను రూపొందించారు. అందులో కాషాయం, తెలుపు, ఆకుపచ్చ రంగులుంటాయి. మొదట మధ్యలో రాట్నం ఉండేది. తరువాత దాని స్థానంలో అశోక చక్రం చేరింది. భారతీయులలో ఉద్యమస్ఫూర్తిని కలిగించి, భారతీయులందరిని ఏకతాటిపై నడిపిన జాతీయ జెండా రూపశిల్పి ఆంధ్రుడవడం మనకు గర్వకారణం.

3. “జాతీయ ప్రతిజ్ఞ” నిర్మాత పైడిమర్రి వెంకట సుబ్బారావు :
భారతదేశంలోని అన్ని ప్రాంతాల్లోని ప్రతి బడిలో ప్రార్థనా సమావేశంలో ‘భారతదేశం నా మాతృభూమి’ అనే ప్రతిజ్ఞ వినిపిస్తుంది. దానిని రాసిన సుబ్బారావుగారు ఆంధ్రుడే. పిల్లల్లో దేశభక్తిని కలిగించడానికి ఆయన రాసిన ఈ ప్రతిజ్ఞ అన్ని పాఠ్య గ్రంథాల్లో ఉంటుంది. నల్గొండ జిల్లాలో జన్మించిన ఆయన అనేక పుస్తకాలు రచించారు. కావ్య నాటకాలు రాశారు.

4. సుందరకవి – శంకరంబాడి సుందరాచారి :
నిరాడంబరంగా కనిపిస్తూ తెలుగు జీవనం గురించి అనర్గళంగా ఉపన్యసించే గొప్ప వక్త ‘సుందరాచారి. ఆయన రచించిన “మా తెలుగు తల్లికి మల్లెపూదండ” అనేది మన రాష్ట్ర గేయంగా స్వీకరించారు. చిత్తూరు జిల్లాలో జన్మించిన ఆయన అనేక గ్రంథాలు రాశారు. తిరుపతిలో ఆయన కాంస్య విగ్రహం ఉంది. ఇటువంటి గొప్పవారి చరిత్రలు తెలుసుకోవాలి. వారిని ఆదర్శంగా తీసుకొని సమాజాన్ని దిద్దుకోవాలి.

SCERT AP Board 6th Class Telugu Textbook Solutions 4th Lesson సమయస్పూర్తి Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Telugu Solutions 4th Lesson సమయస్పూర్తి

6th Class Telugu 4th Lesson సమయస్పూర్తి Textbook Questions and Answers

వినడం – ఆలోచించి మాట్లాడడం

ప్రశ్న 1.
చిత్రాలు చూడండి. కథను ఊహించి. చెప్పండి.
జవాబు:
అనగనగా ఒక నక్క కోడిని బుట్టలో పెట్టి తెచ్చింది. కొంచెంసేపు నిద్రపోయి లేచి, వండుకొని తినవచ్చు అనుకొంది. రక్షించాలనుకొంది, మెల్లిగా చెట్టు దిగింది. బుట్ట తెరిచింది. కోడి పారిపోయింది.

నక్క భార్య పొయ్యి వెలిగించింది. చలి కాచుకొంది. బుట్టలో చూసింది. కోడి లేదు. ఝల్లున ఏడ్చింది. ఎలా పారిపోయిందో తెలీక బుర్ర గోక్కుంది.

ప్రశ్న 2.
కోతి లేకపోతే కోడి ఎలా తప్పించుకొనేదో ఊహించి చెప్పండి.
జవాబు:
నక్క బుట్ట తెరిచేటప్పటికి కోడి చనిపోయినట్టు నటిస్తుంది. నక్క ఆలోచిస్తుంది. సమయం చూసి కోడి చెట్టెక్కిస్తుంది.

అవగాహన – ప్రతిస్పందన,

ప్రశ్న 1.
ఈ కథను మీ సొంత మాటల్లో చెప్పండి.
జవాబు:
అనగనగా ఒక అడవిలో 5 చెట్లు ఒక చోట ఉన్నాయి. అందులో ఒక చెట్టు తొర్రలో ఒక పిల్లి ఉంది. దాని పేరు రోమశుడు. ఆ చెట్టు కింద కన్నంలో ఎలుక ఉంది. దాని పేరు పలితుడు.

ఒకసారి ఒక వేటగాడి “వలలో పిల్లి చిక్కుకుంది. ఉదయమే తన శత్రువు వలలో చిక్కినందుకు పలితుడు సంతోషించింది. అంతలోనే ఒక గుడ్లగూబ ఎలుకను తినడానికి వచ్చింది. దాని పేరు చంద్రకుడు.

ఎలుక దానిని చూసి భయపడింది. పిల్లి దగ్గరకు వెళ్లి స్నేహం చేసింది. వల కొరికి రక్షిస్తానని, తనని . కాపాడమని కోరింది. రోమశుడు ఒప్పుకొంది. గుడ్లగూబ పారిపోయింది.

సరిగ్గా వేటగాడు సమీపిస్తుంటే పలితుడు వలను కోరికింది. పిల్లి చెట్టేక్కేసింది. పలితుడు కన్నంలో దూరేసింది. వేటగాడు నిరాశతో వెళ్ళిపోయాడు.

కొంత సేపటికి రోమశుడు చెట్టు దిగి, పలితునితో స్నేహం నటిస్తూ పిలిచింది. కానీ పలితుడు తెలివైంది, ఇందాకా ఇద్దరికీ అవసరం కనుక వలకొరికేను. నీకూ, నాకూ స్నేహం కుదరదని చెప్పింది.

నీతి : శత్రువుకైనా ఉపకారం చేసి ఆ శత్రువు ద్వారా మరో శత్రువు నుండి తెలివిగా తప్పించుకోవాలి.

ప్రశ్న 2.
గుడ్లగూబను చూసి భయపడిన ఎలుక తన మనసులో ఏమనుకొంది?
జవాబు:
చంద్రకుడు అనే గుడ్లగూబను తన సమీపంలో చూసి, ఎలుక చాలా భయపడింది. తనకు దాని చేతిలో మరణం తప్పదనుకొంది. ఏం చేయాలో తెలియక మనసులో దేవుడిని తలచుకొని ఏడ్చింది. రోమశుడు వలలో పడినందుకు ఆనందపడడం తప్పని తెలుసుకొని బాధపడింది. ఐనా తెలివైన వారికి ప్రమాదం ఎదురైతే ఏడవరు. భయపడరు. ధైర్యం తెచ్చుకొంటారనుకొని తనకు తాను ధైర్యం చెప్పుకొంది. ఒకే చోట నివసిస్తున్నాం కనుక రోమశుని ప్రార్థించి ప్రాణాలు నిలబెట్టుకోవాలని నిర్ణయించుకొంది. రోమశుని దగ్గరకు వెళ్లింది.

ప్రశ్న 3.
ఎలుక, పిల్లి నుండి ఎలా తప్పించుకొంది?
జవాబు:
చంద్రుకుడనే గుడ్లగూబ నుండి ప్రాణాలతో బయట పడడానికి ఎలుక (పలితుడు) పిల్లి (రోమశుడు)తో స్నేహం చేసింది. బయటపడింది.

అన్నమాట ప్రకారం వలను కొరికితే పిల్లి తనను తినేస్తుందని పలితుడికి తెలుసు. అందుకే వల కొరుకుతున్నట్లు నటించింది. వేటగాడు సమీపిస్తుంటే పిల్లికి ప్రాణభయం పెరిగిపోయింది. సరిగ్గా అప్పుడు వలతాడు కొరికింది. పిల్లి ప్రాణభయంతో ఎలుకను వదిలేసి చెట్టేక్కేసింది.

తర్వాత స్నేహం చేద్దామన్నా ఎలుక ఒప్పుకోకుండా తప్పించుకొంది. శత్రువును కూడా చక్కగా ఉపయోగించు కోగల నేర్పు ఎలుకకుంది.

ప్రశ్న 4.
కింది పేరా చదివి ప్రశ్నలకు జవాబులు రాయండి.

మనం మంచివారితో స్నేహం చేస్తే మంచి అలవాట్లు వస్తాయి. చెడ్డవారితో స్నేహం చేస్తే చెడు అలవాట్లు అబ్బుతాయి. అవి మన జీవితాన్ని మార్చేస్తాయి. అందుకనే స్నేహితులను ఎంచుకునేటప్పుడు చాలా జాగ్రత్తగా ఆచితూచి ఎంచుకోవాలి. చక్కగా చదువుకొని బుద్ధిగా ఉండే పిల్లలతో స్నేహం చేయడం వలన వారు కూడా జీవితంలో మంచి స్థానం సంపాదించుకుంటారు. చదువు మీద శ్రద్ధ లేని, బాధ్యత లేని పిల్లలతో స్నేహం చేయడం వల్ల చదువూ సంధ్యా లేకుండా సోమరుల్లా మిగిలిపోతూ ఉంటారు. మనం తిరిగే, మాట్లాడే స్నేహితుల వల్ల మన స్వభావం గుణగణాలు ఎదుటివారికి తెలుస్తాయి. కష్టసమయాల్లో మంచి స్నేహితులు మనకు తోడుగా ఉంటారు.

అ) మనం ఎటువంటి వారితో స్నేహం చేయాలి?
జవాబు:
మనం మంచివారితో స్నేహం చేయాలి. చక్కగా చదువుకొంటూ బుద్ధిగా ఉండే పిల్లలతో స్నేహం చేయాలి.

ఆ) మంచి స్నేహితులను ఎలా ఎంచుకోవాలి?
జవాబు:
మంచి అలవాట్లు ఉండి, చక్కగా చదువుకొంటూ బుద్ధిగా చదువుకొనే వారిని మంచి స్నేహితులుగా ఎంచుకోవాలి.

ఇ) బాధ్యత లేని పిల్లలతో స్నేహం చేయడం వలన ఏం జరుగుతుంది?
జవాబు:
బాధ్యత లేని పిల్లలతో స్నేహం చేయడం వలన చదువు సంధ్యలు ఉండవు, సోమరుల్లా తయారవుతాం.

ఈ) కష్ట సమయాలలో మనకు తోడుగా వచ్చేవారు ఎవరు?
జవాబు:
కష్ట సమయాలలో మంచి స్నేహితులు మనకు తోడుగా వస్తారు.

ఉ) పై రా దేని గురించి చెప్తుంది?
జవాబు:
పై పేరా స్నేహం గురించి చెబుతోంది.

వ్యక్తీకరణ – సృజనాత్మకత

అ) కింది ప్రశ్నలకు నాలుగైదు వాక్యాలలో జవాబులు రాయండి.

ప్రశ్న 1.
పిల్లి స్వభావం ఎలాంటిది?
జవాబు:
పిల్లిది మోసం చేసే స్వభావం. అవసరాన్ని బట్టి నటించే స్వభావం కలది. వలలో చిక్కుకున్నప్పుడు ఎలుక వలతాళ్లు కొరికి కాపాడతానంది. తను చివరి దశలో ఉన్నాను కనుక ఎలుకతో స్నేహంగా ఉంటానని అబద్దం చెప్పింది. వలతాళ్లు కొరికి ఎలుక కాపాడింది.

వేటగాడు వెళ్ళిన కొద్ది సేపటికే ఎలుక తనకు చేసిన ఉపకారం మరచిపోయింది. స్నేహం వంకతో ఎలుకను బైటకి రప్పించి, తినేయాలనుకొంది. ప్రాణభిక్ష పెట్టినవాడి ప్రాణం తీయడానికి కూడా వెనుకాడని దుష్ట స్వభావం పిల్లిది. కపటంతో దేనినైనా సాధించవచ్చు అనుకొనే స్వభావం పిల్లిది.

ప్రశ్న 2.
ఆపద కలిగినపుడు మనం ఎలా ఆలోచించాలి?
జవాబు:
ఆపద కలిగినపుడు ధైర్యంగా ఉండాలి. ప్రాణం పోతుందని భయపడకూడదు. ఏదో ఒక ఉపాయం ఆలోచించి, అపాయం నుండి గట్టెక్కే విధంగా చూచుకోవాలి.

ప్రశ్న 3
ఈ కథలో నీవు తెలుసుకున్న నీతి ఏమిటి?
జవాబు:
ఈ కథలో అపాయం కలిగినప్పుడు ఏదయినా ఉపాయం ద్వారా ఆపదను పోగొట్టుకోవాలని తెలుసుకున్నాను. అపాయం నుండి తప్పించుకోవడానికి శత్రువు సహాయం తీసుకోవచ్చని, కాని శత్రువు నుండి రక్షించుకొనే ఉపాయం కూడా ఉండాలని తెలుసుకున్నాను. జాతి వైరం ఉన్న వారితో శాశ్వతంగా స్నేహం చేయకూడదని తెలుసుకున్నాను.

ఆ) కింది ప్రశ్నలకు 8 నుండి 10 వాక్యాలలో జవాబులు రాయండి.

ప్రశ్న 1.
సమయస్ఫూర్తి కథను సొంతమాటలలో రాయండి.
జవాబు:
పంచవటం అనే ప్రాంతంలోని ఒక మర్రిచెట్టు తొర్రలో రోమశుడు అనే పిల్లి, ఆ చెట్టు కింద కన్నంలో పలితుడు అనే ఎలుక ఉండేవారు. ఒక రోజు రోమశుడు వేటగాడు పన్నిన వలలో చిక్కుకున్నాడు. పిల్లి వలలో పడినందుకు ఎలుక సంతోషించింది.

అదే సమయంలో చంద్రకుడు అనే గుడ్లగూబ ఎలుకను చూసి అక్కడికి వచ్చింది. గుడ్లగూబను చూచి ఎలుక భయపడింది. ప్రమాదం ఎదురైనప్పుడు భయపడకూడదు అనుకుంటూ పిల్లికి దగ్గరగా వెళ్ళాడు. “మనం శత్రువులమైనా ఇక్కడే ఉంటున్నాము. ఒకరికొకరు అపకారం చేసుకోలేదు. గుడ్లగూబ నుండి నువ్వు నన్ను కాపాడితే, నిన్ను వేటగాడి నుండి నేను కాపాడుతాను అని చెప్పింది. అందుకు సంతోషించిన పిల్లి సరేనంది.

పిల్లి, ఎలుక స్నేహంగా మాట్లాడుకోవడం చూసి గుడ్లగూబ భయపడి వెళ్ళిపోయింది. అంతలో వేటగాడు కుక్కలతో రావడం గమనించిన పిల్లి తనను తొందరగా రక్షించమని ఎలుకను అడిగింది. సరేనంటూ ఎలుక వలను కొరుకుతున్నట్లు నటించి, వేటగాడు దగ్గరకు వచ్చే వరకు ఆగి, అప్పుడు త్రాళ్ళు కొరికింది. పిల్లి చెట్టెక్కి వేటగాడి నుండి తప్పించుకుంది.

వేటగాడు వెళ్ళిన తరువాత పిల్లి ఎలుక కన్నం దగ్గరకు వచ్చి ఎలుకను పిలిచి స్నేహంగా ఉందామని కలిసిమెలిసి బతుకుదామని అంది. ఎలుక కొద్దిగా తల బయటకు పెట్టి “ఇందాక ఇద్దరికీ అవసరం ఉంది. నీ వలన నేను రక్షింపబడ్డాను. నేను నిన్ను కాపాడాను. ఇద్దరికీ లాభం జరిగింది. కాని మనది జాతి వైరం. నేను బయటకు వస్తే నన్ను నువ్వు చంపక మానవు. అది నాకు తెలుసు” అని కన్నంలో దూరింది. తన ఎత్తు పారకపోయేసరికి పిల్లి నిరాశపడింది.

ప్రశ్న 2.
ఎలుక తెలివితేటలను గురించి మీరేమనుకొంటున్నారో రాయండి.
జవాబు:
ఎలుక చాలా తెలివైంది. తనకు ప్రాణభయం ఏర్పడితే ఒక్కక్షణం భయపడింది. వెంటనే ఆలోచించింది. ప్రమాదం ఏర్పడినపుడు ఆలోచించి బైటపడే వారే నిజమైన తెలివైన వారని ఎలుక నిరూపించింది.

గుడ్లగూబ, పిల్లీ రెండూ తనకు శత్రువులే రెండూ తనను తినేసేవే. అయినా భయపడలేదు. ఒక శత్రువును తప్పించుకొనేందుకు మరొక శత్రువుతో స్నేహం చేసింది. గుడ్లగూబ వలన వెంటనే ప్రమాదం కానీ గుడ్లగూబకు పిల్లి అంటే భయం. పిల్లి వలలో ఉంది. నిజానికి పిల్లి గుడ్లగూబను కూడా ఏమీ చేయలేదు. కానీ గుడ్లగూబకు పగటివేళ కళ్ళు సరిగా కనిపించవు. అందుకే గుడ్లగూబను దివాంధము అంటారు. అది గమనించి పిల్లితో స్నేహపూర్వకమైన సంభాషణ దానికి వినపడేలా మాట్లాడింది. గుడ్లగూబ భయపడి పారిపోయింది.

వేటగాడు వస్తుంటే వలతాళ్లు కొరికింది. పిల్లి కూడా ప్రాణభయంతో పారిపోయింది. తర్వాత రమ్మన్నా – కలుగులోంచి రాలేదు. ఎలుక చాలా తెలివైనది కనుకనే రెండు ప్రమాదాల నుండీ అవలీలగా బైటపడింది.

ప్రశ్న 3.
ఎలుక – పిల్లి మాటలను సంభాషణ రూపంలో రాయండి.
జవాబు:
ఎలుక : నమస్కారమండీ ! పిల్లిగారూ !
పిల్లి : (గంభీరంగా) ఆ…… ఏంటీ?
ఎలుక : ఒకే చెట్టు కింద బతుకుతున్నాం కదండీ !
పిల్లి : ఔనౌను ! మనిద్దరం స్నేహితులం కదా !
ఎలుక : మీరన్నా, మీ మీసాలన్నా నాకు చాలా ఇష్టం.
పిల్లి : (నవ్వుతూ) నాకూ నువ్వుంటే చాలా ఇష్టం.
ఎలుక : ఆ గుడ్లగూబ భయపెడుతోంది.
పిల్లి : నీ జోలికి వస్తే, దాన్ని తినేస్తాను. నీకేం భయం లేదు.
ఎలుక : ధన్యవాదాలు.
పిల్లి : (మెల్లిగా) వలతాళ్ళు కొరికి కాపాడతావా? అదిగో ! వేటగాడు, కాపాడు ! కాపాడు !
ఎలుక : హమ్మయ్య ! కొరికేశాను. ఇక ఇద్దరం క్షేమమే.

భాషాంశాలు

అ) గీతగీసిన పదాలకు అర్థాలు రాయండి.
ఉదా : ఎలుక ఆహారం అన్వేషించడానికి బయలుదేరింది. = వెతకడానికి
1. చిలుక ప్రాణభీతితో గిజగిజలాడింది. = ప్రాణభయం
2. చిరకాల వైరం మంచిది కాదు = విరోధం
3. మంచివారితో మైత్రి గొప్ప జీవితానికి మంచిమార్గం చూపుతుంది. = స్నేహం
4. సదాలోచనలు చేయాలి. = మంచి ఆలోచనలు

ఆ) కింది పదాలకు వ్యతిరేక పదాలు రాయండి.
1. అదృష్టం × దురదృష్టం
2. మంచి × చెడు
3. వెలుగు × చీకటి
4. అపకారం × ఉపకారం
5. ధర్మం × అధర్మం
6. సత్యం × అసత్యం

సూచన :
ప్రకృతి – వికృతి అంటే ఏమిటో ఉపాధ్యాయులు పిల్లలకు చెప్పండి.
ప్రకృతి : సంస్కృతంలో కొన్ని ప్రాకృత పదాలు తెలుగులోకి వచ్చాయి. వీటిని ప్రకృతులు అంటారు.
వికృతులు : కొన్ని పదాలు వర్ణలోప, వర్ణాగమ, వర్ణాధిక్య వర్ణ వ్యత్యయాది మార్పులతో వికృతులుగా మారతాయి.

ఇ) కింది ప్రకృతి వికృతులను జతచేయండి.

జవాబు:

వ్యాకరణాంశాలు

పిల్లలందరూ మైదానంలో ఆడుతున్నారు.

పై వాక్యంలో పిల్లలందరూ అనే పదం పిల్లలు + అందరూ అనే రెండు పదాల కలయిక వల్ల ఏర్పడింది. దీనినే సంధి అంటారు.

పిల్లలు అన్న పదం చివర ‘ఉ’ ఉంది. అందరూ అన్న పదం మొదట ‘అ’ ఉంది. రెండు పదాలూ కలిసినపుడు ఉ + అ అన్న రెండు అచ్చులకు బదులు ‘అ’ ఒక్కటే వచ్చింది.

ఇటువంటి మార్పును సంధి అంటారు. సంధి జరిగే సమయంలో మొదటి పదం చివరి అచ్చు పోతుంది. రెండవ పదంలో మొదటి అచ్చు మిగులుతుంది. – రెండు తెలుగు పదాల మధ్య జరిగే ఈ సంధులను తెలుగు సంధులు అంటారు.
ఉదా :
రాముడు + అతడు = రాముడతడు.

ఇందులో రాముడు మొదటి పదం అతడు రెండవ పదం. మొదటి పదమైన రాముడులోని చివరి ఉకారం పోయి రెండవ పదంలోని అకారం మిగిలింది.
రాముడు + అతడు = రాముడతడు అనే రూపం ఏర్పడింది.

అ) కింది పదాలను విడదీయండి:
1. వాడెక్కడ = వాడు + ఎక్కడ
2. మనమందరం = మనము + అందరం
3. ఎవరిక్కడ = ఎవరు + ఇక్కడ
4. వారందరూ = వారు + అందరూ
5. మహానీయులెందరో = ‘ మహనీయులు + ఎందరు + ఓ

ఆ) కింది పదాలను కలిపి రాయండి. మార్పును చర్చించండి.
ఉదా : ముసలివాళ్లు + అందరు = (ళ్ల్+) ఉ + అ = ళ్ల – ముసలివాళ్ళందరు
1. వీళ్లు + అందరూ = వీళ్లందరూ (ళ్ల్ + ఉ) + అ = ళ్ల
2. ఇల్లు + ఉంది = ఇల్లుంది (ల్ల్+ ఉ) + ఉ = ల్లు
3. ప్రజలు + అందరూ = ప్రజలందరూ (ల్ + ఉ) + అ = లు
4. డొక్కలు + ఎండిపోయిన = డొక్కలెండిపోయిన (ల్ + ఉ)
5. ముసలివారు + అంటే = ముసలివారుంటే (ర్ + ఉ) + ఉ = రు
6. పాఠాలు + ఎన్ని = పాఠాలెన్ని (ల్ + ఉ) + ఎ = లె

ఉపాధ్యాయులకు గమనిక :
వ్యాకరణ పరంగా ఉత్వసంధి రాని సందర్భాలు (ప్రథమేతర విభక్తి శత్రర్థక చువర్ణములందున్న ఉకారమునకు సంధి వైకల్పికముగా వస్తుంది) అక్కడక్కడ ఉన్నాయి. ఇవి గ్రాంథిక భాషకు పరిమితమైన విషయాలు కాబట్టి ఉపాధ్యాయునికి అవగాహన ఉంటే చాలు. పిల్లలకు ఈ స్థాయిలో వివరించాల్సిన అవసరం లేదు.

* ఈ పాఠంలోని ఉత్వసంధికి సంబంధించిన సంధి పదాలను వెతికి రాయండి.
జవాబు:
కాపురముంటోంది = కాపురము + ఉంటుంది
విహరిస్తున్న = విహరిస్తు + ఉన్న
గిజగిజలాడాడు = గిజగిజలు + ఆడాడు
ఏడుస్తున్నాడు = ఏడుస్తూ + ఉన్నాడు
రాదన్నది = రాదు + అన్నది
ఎదురైనప్పుడు = ఎదురు + ఐనప్పుడు
ధైర్యమొందుతారు = ధైర్యము + ఒందుతారు
బ్రతుకుతున్న = బ్రతుకుతు + ఉన్న
వైరమున్నా = వైరము + ఉన్న
మింగేస్తావేమో = మింగేస్తావు + ఏమో
ఉందామని = ఉందాము + అని
కాదంటే = కాదు + అంటే
పోదామని = పోదాము + అని
తహతహలాడుతూ = తహతహలు + ఆడుతూ
పరవశుడయ్యాడు = పరవశుడు + అయ్యాడు
నిన్నేమీ = నిన్ను + ఏమీ
వారిద్దరూ = వారు + ఇద్దరూ
పారదని = పారదు + అని
చెట్టెక్కాడు = చెట్టు + ఎక్కాడు
నిన్నాశ్రయించాను = నిన్ను + ఆశ్రయించాను
సత్యమే = సత్యము + ఏ
లాభమే = లాభము + ఏ
కాదనలేని = కాదు + అనలేని
వచ్చా ననుకో = వచ్చాను + అనుకో
తప్పదని = తప్పదు + అని
మాయమయ్యాడు = మాయము + అయ్యాడు
నిరాశపాలయ్యాడు = నిరాశపాలు + అయ్యాడు
అంతమయ్యింది = అంతము + అయ్యింది

ఇ) పారిభాషిక పదాల అభ్యాసాలు :

అడుగులో అడుగు వేశాము. – ఆటలు పాటలు పాడాము.
ఇరుగు పొరుగు కలిశాము. – ఈలలు వేస్తూ గెంతాము.
ఉరుకులు పరుగులు తీశాము. – ఊరిని శుభ్రం చేశాము.

పై గేయంలో అచ్చుల కింద గీత గీసి గుర్తించండి. హ్రస్వాచ్చులను దీర్ఘాచ్చులను విడివిడిగా రాయండి.

ఈ) కింది వాక్యాలలో పరుషాక్షరాలను గుర్తించండి, గీత గీయండి.

ఉ) కింది వాక్యాలలో సరళాక్షరాలు గుర్తించండి.

ఊ) కింది అక్షరాలు పరిశీలించండి. స్థిరాక్షరాల చుట్టూ ‘సున్న’ చుట్టండి.

ఎ) కింది వాక్యాలలోని స్పర్శాక్షరాలకు ‘సున్న’ చుట్టండి.
ఈ సంవత్సరం మీరు సెలవులకు ఎక్కడికి వెళుతున్నారు?
కిందటి సంవత్సరం సంపూర్ణ ప్రపంచయాత్ర చేశాం.
ఈ ఏడాది ఇంకేటయినా వెళ్లాలి.
జవాబు:

ఏ) కింది వాక్యాలు పరిశీలించండి. వర్గయుక్కులు గుర్తుపెట్టండి.
ఆయనకు కరమునకు ఖరమునకు తేడా తెలీదుట.
ఘనతకు మూలం వినయం.
భయపడితే జీవితంలో ముందుకు పోలేం.
జవాబు:

ఐ) కింది వాక్యంలో అనునాసికాక్షరాలు గుర్తించండి.
కరుణ నమస్కారం పెట్టింది.
జవాబు:

ఒ) కింది మాటలలో అంతస్థాలను గుర్తించండి.
యమున, కారం, పాలు, వంకర, వేళ
జవాబు:

ఓ) కింది వాక్యంలో ఊష్మాలను గుర్తించండి.
భాషను మాట్లాడే సహజ శక్తి .మనుషులందరికీ ఉంటుంది.
జవాబు:

ఔ) కింది వాక్యాలలో తాలవ్యాక్షరాలను గుర్తించండి.
ఈ ఇలలో చక్కగా చదువుకున్నవారే సుఖపడతారు.
జవాబు:

అం) కింది గడిలో మూర్ధన్యాక్షరాలను గుర్తించండి.

జవాబు:

* తాతకు దగ్గులు నేర్పడం సతీష్ కు సాధ్యమా
ఈ వాక్యంలో ఉన్న దంత్యాక్షరాల కింద గీత గీయండి.
జవాబు:
తాతకు దగ్గులు నేర్పడం సతీష్ కు సాధ్యమా

* మహాత్మాగాంధీ పోర్బందర్ లో జన్మించాడు.
ఈ వాక్యంలో ఓష్ట్యాక్షరాలు గుర్తించండి.
జవాబు:

భాషాభాగాలు

కింది భాషాభాగాలను జతపరచండి.

జవాబు:

ఖాళీలను పూరించండి.

1. నామవాచకానికి లేదా సర్వనామానికి ఉన్న గుణాన్ని తెలిపేది (విశేషణం)
2. పేరుకు బదులుగా వాడేది ………… (సర్వనామం)
3. పనిని తెలిపే మాట ……………… (క్రియ)
4. లింగ వచన విభక్తులు లేనిది…………… (అవ్యయం)
5. పేరును తెలిపే పదం ………………. (నామవాచకం)

చమత్కార పద్యం

“ఎలుకలు తమ కలుగులోనికి ఏనుగునీడ్చెను” అని కవికి ఒక సమస్యను ఇచ్చారు. కవి దానిని ఎలా పూరించాడో చూడండి.
ఇలలో నిద్దరు రాజులు
మలయుచుఁ జదరంగమాడి మాపటివేళన్
బలమెత్తికట్ట మరచిన
నెలుకలు తమ కలుగులోనికేనుగునీడ్చెన్.

భావం :
ఇలలో ఇద్దరు రాజులు పట్టుదలతో చదరంగమాడుతున్నారు. రాత్రి అయింది చదరంగం మీద బలాన్ని (పావులను) ఎలా ఉన్నవి అలానే వదిలేసి వెళ్ళారు. రాత్రికి ఎలుకలు వచ్చి ఏనుగు (పావు)ను తమ రంధ్రంలోకి ఈడ్చుకొని పోయాయి.

సమయస్ఫూర్తి – కవి పరిచయం

జననం : 16-4-1848న రాజమండ్రిలో జన్మించారు.

తల్లిదండ్రులు : పున్నమ్మ, సుబ్బారాయుడుగార్లు.

భార్యపేరు : బాపమ్మ (రాజ్యలక్ష్మమ్మ)

రచనలు : రాజశేఖర చరిత్రము, సత్యరాజా పూర్వదేశ యాత్రలు, హాస్య సంజీవని, సతీహిత బోధిని, ఆంధ్రకవుల చరిత్ర మొదలైన 130 గ్రంథాలు రచించారు. అనేక ఆంగ్ల, సంస్కృత గ్రంథాలను తెలుగులోకి అనువదించారు.

ఉద్యోగం : రాజమండ్రిలోనూ, మద్రాసు ప్రెసిడెన్సీ కళాశాలలోనూ తెలుగు పండితునిగా పనిచేశారు.

బిరుదులు : గద్యతిక్కన, రావు బహద్దూర్. ప్రత్యేకతలు : రచయిత, కవి, సంఘ సంస్కర్త, నవయుగ వైతాళికుడు, విద్యావేత్త, ఆధునికాంధ్ర సమాజ పితామహుడు.

మొట్టమొదటగా చేసినవి, రచించినవి : వితంతు వివాహం, సహవిద్యా పాఠశాల స్థాపన, నాటకకర్త, దర్శకత్వం, నాటక ప్రదర్శన, నవల, స్వీయచరిత్ర, ప్రహసనం. వీరు 27-5-1919న స్వర్గస్తులయ్యా రు.

అర్థాలు

వటము = మఱ్ఱిచెట్టు
పంచవటం = ఐదు మఱ్ఱిచెట్లు
అన్వేషణ = వెతుకులాట
శత్రువు = విరోధి
గుండె గుభేలు మనడం = చాలా భయపడడం
భీతి = భయం
చంకలు కొట్టుకోవడం = ఆనందించడం
బుద్ధిమంతులు = తెలివైనవారు
అర్థించి = అడిగి
అడుగులు వేయడం = బయల్దేరడం
పరస్పరం = ఒకరికొకరు
ఆపద = ప్రమాదం
తహతహలాడడం = ఆత్రుత పడడం
సఖ్యంగా = స్నేహంగా
మైత్రి = స్నేహం
పథకం = పద్ధతి
కాలయముడు = యమధర్మరాజు
సంతోషం = ఆనందం
ఆశ్రయించడం = పంచన చేరడం, ప్రార్థించడం
కుట్ర = మోసం
సత్యం = నిజం
ఉభయులు = ఇద్దరూ
లక్షణం = స్వభావం పీడ
వైరం = విరోధం

ప్రాణగండం = ప్రాణానికి ప్రమాదం
పరవశం = ఒళ్ళు తెలియని స్థితి
చివరిదశ = ఆఖరిదశ
నడుచుకోవడం = ప్రవర్తించడం
త్యాగం = తను మానుకొని ఇతరులకుఇవ్వడం
కృతజ్ఞత = చేసినమేలు మరువకపోవడం
స్నేహం = చెలిమి
అజ్ఞానం = తెలియనితనం
పటాపంచలు = నాశనం
సఖ్యం = స్నేహం
సదాలోచన = మంచి ఆలోచన
కన్నం = రంధ్రం
విచారము = బాధ
స్వజాతి = తన జాతి
కపటం = మోసం