Class 9

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 12 Changing Cultural Traditions in Europe 1300-1800.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions 12th Lesson Changing Cultural Traditions in Europe 1300-1800

9th Class Social 12th Lesson Changing Cultural Traditions in Europe 1300-1800 1 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Define Renaissance. (SA-II : 2016-17)
Answer:
Renaissance means “Re birth”. It was a period in Europe, especially Italy when there was a new interest in art, literature, science and learning flourished.
(OR)
Renaissance means the cultural changes in Europe.

9th Class Social 12th Lesson Changing Cultural Traditions in Europe 1300-1800 2 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Study the map given below and answer the following questions. (SA-I : 2018-19)

a) From which country did Columbus start his journey?
b) Who discovered the sea route to India?
Answer:
a) Columbus started his journey from the country Spain.
b) Vosco da gama discovered sea route to India in the year 1498 A.D.

Question 2.
Observe the bar graph and answer the questions given (SA-I : 2019-20)

i) What trend does the bar graph show?
Answer:
The bargraph shows the European output of Books 500 -1800. It shows that Manuscript books were avilable from 6th century to 15th century and printed books were started from 15th century.

ii) What could be the possible reason for this trends?
Answer:
Invention of printing press.

Question 3.
What is the impact of the printing press and how did it change the world? (SA-I : 2019-20)
Answer:

• Printing press made it possible to read books, developing reading habit,s and think rationally.
• A printed book promoting new ideas could quickly reach hundreds of readers.
• Ideas, opinions, and information moves more widely and more rapidly than ever before.
• Humanist culture was spread into entire Europe due to printed books.

9th Class Social 12th Lesson Changing Cultural Traditions in Europe 1300-1800 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
During medieval and early modern times, women the world over were dominated by men. Is it different now in our present society? Explain. (Sa-III : 2016-17)
Answer:
Compare with medieval and early modern times the present position of women is changing.

In earlier times, women were exploited through every possible means by the society. But at present women become self reliant. Along with the men, women also participated equally in education, medicine, space, agriculture fields, etc.

Not only this, women also participated in politics along with men. Some times they occupies heighest posts in India.

In some sectors, compared to men, women only are in forward position.

But still, in some areas, women were dominated by men and it shows our society is a male dominated society.

Question 2.
The Renaissance is a period from the 14 to the 17th century, considered the bridge between the Middle Ages and Modern history. It started as a cultural movement in Italy in the Late Medieval period and later spread to the rest of Europe.
In what way do you think that renaissance is a cultural movement? (SA-II : 2018-19)
Answer:

• The Renaissance was a cultural movement.
• It also a revival of the classical art and intellect of Ancient Greece and Rome.
• The art in Renaissance time was more life-like and contained perspective.
• Some famous artists from the Renaissance were Leonardo Davinci, Raphael etc. Now their paintings are really valuable and significant.
• Renaissance artists and architects produced some of the finest works that we know now.
• The Protestant Reformation during the 16th century in Europe ushered in a new artistic tradition that embraced the protestant agenda and diverged drastically from the Southern European tradition and the humanist art produced during the high Renaissance.

Question 3.

Based on the information given above and answer the following questions,
1. Who gave more importance to the future life than the present life?
2. In which theory can we notice the weakening of the control of religion over human life?
3. The famous statue that depicts Mary holding the body of Zesus reflects which theory?
4. Which theory opposed the glorification of science? (SA-III : 2016-17)
Answer:

1. Scholars of the Middle ages.
2. Humanism
3. Realism
4. Romanticism

Question 4.
The Italian Renaissance was a rebirth of learning that produced many great works of art and literature. (SA-I : 2019-20)
In the context of the above statement, describe how renaissance revolutionized the art and artistic styles?
Answer:

1. A reverent revival of classical Greek / Roman art forms and styles.
2. A faith in the nobility of man (Humanism).
3. The mastery of illusionistic painting techniques, maximising ‘depth’ in a picture, including;

linear perspective, foreshortening and the naturalistic realism of its faces.

9th Class Social 12th Lesson Changing Cultural Traditions in Europe 1300-1800 Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Do you think it is important for artists to paint things as they are, that is realistically? Give reasons.
Answer:

• I think it is important to paint realistically.
• Painters should understand the perspective of the painting.
• They should understand changing quality of light, richness of colours.
• They should not completely confine their paintings to rich, powerful, and successful people through this art.
• They should show great interest in the lives of the poor and their sufferings also.
• They should also come under the inflence of other nation’s artists to add life to their paintings.

Question 2.
Why do you think the Popes and bishops encourage the new art?
Answer:

• Before Renaissance, religious art emphasised on religious themes.
• It represented the religious ideals.
• Artists of Renaissance portrayed their surroundings, literature, feelings, and power of human beings.
• They represented the reality but not the religious ideals.
• The Popes and bishops encouraged the Renaissance art to paint for them, to design churches and chapels for them.
• The artists made elaborate graves and memorials for the Popes and bishops and designed cathedrals and churches and also covered their walls with paintings of best consideration.

Question 3.
What efforts did the artists make to achieve realism in their painting and sculpture?
Answer:

• They found the knowledge of geometry helpful.
• They understood the quality of lights to improve quality of their work.
• They made use of oil paints and are influenced by Chinese and Persian art.
• They took help of the subjects like anatomy, geometry, physics as well as a strong sense of what was beautiful.
• They adopted ‘perfectly’ proportioned figures of men and women.
• They imported the pigments of colours from China and Persia.
• They observed nature and people and places and represented them.

Question 4.
Do you think religious texts should only be in the language understood by the common people? Give your arguments.
Answer:

• I think religious texts should be in the language understood by common people.
• Otherwise, the people who knew the language in which the religious texts was, may interpret them to their advantage.
• Sooner or the later these texts needed to be in the reach of common people.
• Interpretations other than the genuine may be exposed and changes are irresistible.
• Religious texts are for common good and they should be made available to common people in their mother tongue.

Question 5.
Read the following passages and answer the following questions.

1) What are the names of the sailors mentioned in the above passage?
Answer:
Christopher Columbus, Amerigo Vespucci and Magellan were the sailors mentioned in the above passage.

2) Which island did Columbus want to discover?
Answer:
He wanted to discover East Indies.

3) What was the island discovered by Columbus?
Answer:
West Indies was discovered by Columbus.

4) To which country did Amerigo Vespucci belong?
Answer:
He belonged to Italy.

5) Who went around the world?
Answer:
Magellan, a sailor of Spain made a voyage round the world.

Question 6.
The 16th & 17th Centuries : A Timeline

1) Who introduced Gregorian calendar?
Answer:
Pope Gregory XIII introduced Gregorian calendar.

2) Where was Academy of Sciences set up?
Answer:
Academy of Sciences was set up in Paris.

3) When was the Bible translated into German?
Answer:
The Bible was translated into German in 1522.

4) Who prepared cylindrical map of the earth?
Answer:
Cylindrical map of the earth was prepared by Gerhardus Mercator.

5) Which book of Newton was mentioned in this timeline?
Answer:
Principia Mathematica.

Question 7.
Discuss in the class the kind of changes that are happening today in some of these aspects like films, buildings, religious beliefs, music, etc. What are the changes that you observe around you? What is causing these changes?
Answer:

• Newtechnologies in filming and audio are introduced like DTS (Digital Theatre Sound), Flow cam, etc.
• Readily built buildings are being placed now in the places where we need to construct them.
• Many new religious beliefs came into existence in place of the older ones.
• There are many other changes taking place around us.
• Most of these changes are caused as a part of cultural changes.

Question 8.
Have you seen people from distant places live in places near you? In what ways do you think they help in the spread of ideas from one place to another? Give examples while discussing.
Answer:

• I have seen a few people from distant places live in my place.
• They definitely spread the ideas from one place to another.
• They introduce their customs, traditions, and food habits and there may be a few takers over here.
• At the same time when they leave for their native places or shifts there, they definitely propagate what they learnt here over there.

Question 9.
Locate the following on the outline map of Europe.
1) Italy
2) England
3) Portugal
4) Spain
5) France.

Question 10.
Locate the following on the outline map of Europe.
1) Rome
2) Sicily
3) Adriatic Sea
4) Mediterranean sea
5) Venice.

Question 11.
Study the Geographical exploration map (Page No. 156) and locate the following on the world outline map.
1) Indian ocean
2) Atlantic ocean
3) Pacific ocean
4) Cape of Good Hope
5) Philippines
6) Voyage of Columbus
7) Voyage of Magellan
Answer:

Question 12.
What role did scientists and sailors play in modernizing our world?
Answer:

• Due to the work of Vesalius modern physiology developed.
• Harvey, Newton, Galileo, Copernicus changed the scenario of science in turn changed the world.
• Great sailors like Copernicus, Vasco-da-Gama, Magellan, etc. discovered new sea routes to different countries.
• Due to that, trade and commerce developed.
• Cultural diffusion took place and which in turn laid foundation for modernization.

Question 13.
Have you seen any painting by any famous artist? If so talk about it to your classmates. Was it realistic? What impression did it make upon your mind?
Answer:

• I have seen a famous painting of M.F. Hussain.
• It is a perfectly proportioned woman painting.
• It is with richness of colours used.
• The colours and designs of costumes are extraordinarily painted.
• The various perspectives of the paintings are worth praising.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 2 The Natural Realms.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions 2nd Lesson The Natural Realms

9th Class Social 2nd Lesson The Natural Realms 1 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write any two landforms which are formed by work of water? (SA-II : 2016 – 17)
Answer:
V-shaped valley. Deltas etc.

Question 2.
Give any one reason for the following. (SA-I : 2019 – 20)
Answer:
The majority of Earth’s volcanoes and earthquakes take place along the pacific basin. A. Plate boundaries are found all the way around the pacific basin.

9th Class Social 2nd Lesson The Natural Realms 2 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are the effects of movements of tectonic plates. (SA-III : 2015 – 16)
Answer:

• The movement of these plates have changed the position and size of the continents over millions of years.
• These movements influenced the evaluation of the present land form features of India.
• The movement of plates form a chain of mountains.
• This process causes earthquakes etc.

Question 2.
Arrange the following concept in a correct manner in the given table. (SA-II : 2017 – 18)
Concept: Mushroom rock, Sea arches, plunge pool, U shaped valley.

Answer:

Question 3.
With reference to the Third Order Landforms, answer the following questions : (SA-I : 2019 – 20)
a) What are ‘Third Order Landforms’?
Answer:
The shaping of the landforms by wind and water are called ‘Third Order Landforms’.

b) What are the factors that cause their formation?
Answer:
Water, wind, glaciers and waves.

9th Class Social 2nd Lesson The Natural Realms 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Explain how air and water transform the surface of the Earth? (SA-II : 2018 – 19)
Answer:
The Air and water transform the surface of the earth by the four activities.
These are:
Weathering :
Water and moisture in the air also help this process. Water reacts with the chemicals of the rocks and further weakens the rock. These processes by which the rocks are weakened and broken are called “Weathering”.

Erosion :
Flowing water and wind have great power and can slowly wear away or cut away the rocks and soil cover in higher places. Water acts in many ways, as rain, river, flowing ground water, sea waves, glaciers etc. Wind too takes many forms like storms, gusts etc.

The active wearing away of the earth’s surface by these moving agents is called erosion.

Transportation :
The eroded material in the form of small rocks, gravel, mud fine soil etc. carried by winds and water is called transportation.

Deposition :
When the rivers and winds slow down, they do not have the force to carry the material any more and they dump them. This dumped debris help to form plains and river basins.

9th Class Social 2nd Lesson The Natural Realms Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are the natural realms of the Earth? Describe them.
Answer:
There are four natural realms of the earth. They are

1. Lithosphere
2. Hydrosphere
3. Atmosphere
4. Biosphere.

1. Lithosphere:
The hard top part of the earth, the solid crust, which is made up of rocks and minerals and covered with a thick layer of soil. Soil is called lithosphere. It has high mountains, plateaus, plains, deep valleys and oceans. We and most other living beings live on this realm.

2. Hydrosphere :
The realm of water is called hydrosphere. It comprises various sources of water and different types of water bodies like rivers, lakes, seas, oceans, etc. and in the atmosphere in the form of water vapour and clouds. Life on earth is not possible without water.

3. Atmosphere :
The thin layer of air that surrounds the earth is atmosphere. It consists of a large number of gases including oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water vapour, etc. and also dust particles. This cover of air is held around the earth by its gravitational force and rotates around the sun with the Earth.

4. Biosphere :
The realm of life including bacteria which live high on atmosphere or in deep oceans constitutes the biosphere. Life needs the presence of all the three realms, land, water and air. So life resides in the intersection of the three natural realms. Life also actively changes the three other realms.

Question 2.
What are called plates? How many plates are there on the earth?
Answer:
The massive base of rocks on which all the continents and even the oceans are actually situated are called plates. There are six major plates and several minor ones on the Earth. The African, North American, South American, Indo-Australian, Antarctic, Eurasian, and Pacific are the major plates. Nazca and Arabian are some among the minor plates.

Question 3.
What are plate tectonics? How are they caused?
Answer:

1. The plates actually float on the mantle.
2. They are constantly being pushed and therefore keep moving slowly.
3. As a result of this movement, one plate pushes another neighbouring plate.
4. One plate is pushed under into the mantle while the other plate is pushed up to form a chain of mountains.
5. This movement of plates is called plate tectonics.
6. Plate tectonics cause earthquakes.

Question 4.
What is called sea-floor spreading? How does it occur?
Answer:
The eruptions on the mid-ocean ridge create new ocean floor made of basalt rocks, which then spread literally from the ridge and this newest crust slowly pushes the plate away from the ridge, which is called ‘sea-floor spreading’.

Question 5.
How is the river deposition useful to man?
Answer:

1. As water in a river flows down a slope, it plucks sediment from the land. Other streams join it forming a broad river basin.
2. The water carries soil, sand and sediments down stream.
3. As the river reaches flatter ground, it slows down and drops the sediments there. This is called deposition.
4. The sediments build up a flood plain.
5. At the river’s mouth, the water loses its force, drops all its sediments and thus deltas are formed.
6. Flood plains and deltas make fertile farm land.
7. The sediments deposited in flood plains and deltas are called silt.
8. Silt is rich in nutrients.
9. Many ancient civilisations flourished in flood plains and deltas.

Thus the deposition of rivers are useful to man.

Question 6.
What are the landforms originated by the wind action?
Answer:
Strong winds carry sand and fine soil which strike the hard rocks. These too act as abrasive sand paper and erode the hard rocks. The wind action creates a number of interesting erosional and depositional features in the desert.

1. Sand Dunes :
Due to weathering and persistent wind action there is a large accumulation of fine sand in many deserts. These form ‘sand dunes’.

2. Mushroom Rock :
Winds erode the lower section of the rocks more than the upper part. Therefore such rocks have narrower bottom and wider top like mushrooms. So they are called mushroom rocks.

3. Inselberg:
The isolated residual hills rising abruptly from the ground are called inselberg or Island Mountain. They are characterized by their very steep slopes and rather rounded tops.

4. Loess Plains :
a) The fine dust, which is fertile and yellow in colour, is blown beyond the deserts and is deposited on neighbouring land. This soil is called Loess. Loess are in fact fine loam, rich in lime and extremely porous.
b) The plains formed by deposition of loess are called Loess Plains.

Question 7.
Name the landforms due to the Glacier action.
Answer:
1. Slow moving of mass of ice (a river of ice) is called Glacier.
2. A Glacier erodes through a process called “Plucking” in which it lifts pieces of rock and transports them.
3. The landforms created due to Glacier’s action are :
a) U shaped Valley:
Through the dual process of plucking and abrasion, glaciers create a “U shaped Valley”.

b) Moraines :
Pebbles, cobbles, sand etc., may be deposited at various parts of the
glaciers. The deposition of this till is called moraines. –

c) Huge rugged boulders:
The huge rocks, which cannot be carried by, are left behind in the form of huge rugged boulders.

d) Ozone :
Ozone is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula 03. It is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell. Ozone’s 03 formula was determined in 1865.

Question 8.
Prepare a table showing depositional and erosional features separately.
Answer:

Question 9.
What are the natural realms of the Earth?
Answer:
There are four natural realms of the earth. They are

1. Lithosphere
2. Hydrosphere
3. Atmosphere and
4. Biosphere.

Question 10.
What are called plates?
Answer:
The massive base of rocks on which all the continents and even the oceans are actually situated are called plates.

Question 11.
What is called sea-floor spreading?
Answer:
The eruptions on the mid-ocean ridge create new ocean floor made of basalt rocks, which then spread literally from the ridge and this newest crust slowly pushes the plate away from the ridge, which is called ‘sea-floor spreading’.

Question 12.
What is Lithosphere?
Answer:
Lithosphere is the solid crust or the hard top part of the Earth. It is made up of rocks and minerals. It is covered with a thick layer of soil.

Question 13.
How many major plates are there on the earth? What are they?
Answer:
There are six major plates on the earth. They are African, North American, South American, Indo Australian, Antarctic, Eurasian and Pacific plates.

Question 14.
What is meant by intrusive landforms?
Answer:
Intrusive landforms :
Some part of the lava may not reach the surface and may cool under the surface and become rocks; These are called ‘intrusive landforms’.

Question 15.
Which are called ‘Third order landforms?
Answer:
The shaping of the landforms by wind and water is called ‘Third order landforms’ by geographers.

Question 16.
How is lithosphere useful to mankind?
Answer:

• Lithosphere is the solid crust or the hard top part of the earth.
• When it heats due to sunrays or cools down, it influences air and water too.
• We and most other living beings live on this realm.
• We use the rocks and soils and other things found in this hard crust in many ways.

Question 17.
What is the impact of vegetation on lithosphere?
Answer:

• Trees, plants and grass constitute vegetation.
• Vegetation contribute to the weathering of rocks by driving roots into fine cracks or holes in the rocks.
• They also enable water and moisture to enter into rocks which further enable weathering.
• On the other hand plant or grass cover on soils prevent easy denudation or transportation of soil by wind or water.

Question 18.
Which processes cause the formation of ‘Third Order landforms’?
Answer:

• The shaping of landforms by wind and water are called ‘third order landforms’.
• They include carved mountains, valleys, deltas, sand dunes, etc.
• Processes like weathering, erosion, transportation, and deposition are largely responsible for these landforms.

Question 19.
What do you mean by geomorphic cycle?
Answer:

• Landforms continuously keep on changing due to denudation activities.
• But these changes occur very slowly.
• The structure of mountains, plateaus and plains keep on changing through process known as ‘erosion cycle’ or ‘geomorphic cycle’.

Question 20.
How are gorges formed?
Answer:

• A gorge is almost equal in width at its top as well as its bottom.
• The Byson gorge in Andhra Pradesh on the Godavari, Indus gorge in Kashmir etc., are examples.
• Where the rocks are very hard, the river cuts a narrow valley, the sides are so steep that these ‘gorges’ are formed.

Question 21.
What is a canyon?
Answer:

• A canyon is characterised by steep like side slopes and may be as deep as a gorge.
• A canyon is wider at its top than bottom.

Question 22.
How ocean rocks or crust are formed?
Answer:
These are formed by lava rising up from the mantle. The eruptions on the ridges create new ocean floor made of basalt rocks, which then spreads laterally from the ridge. The first order landforms such as oceans and continents are formed at the time when the hot earth was cooling. While the earth’s interior continued to cool, it contracted and the outer crust wrinkled forming ridges i.e., mountains and basins i.e., oceans.

The second order landforms such as plains, plateaus and mountains are formed as a result of the internal processes of the earth. The third order landforms such as carved mountains, valleys, deltas, sand dunes are formed as a result of the shaping of the land forms by wind, water.

Question 23.
What are the four main “realms” of the earth? Explain how a cement factory world impact the various “realms”.
Answer:

• Realms are areas which have some common features.
• There are four major natural realms on the earth.
• They are :
  1. Lithosphere,
  2. Hydrosphere,
  3. Atmosphere and
  4. Biosphere.
• Cement factory is a mineral based industry.
• Unscientific way of mining may lead to earthquakes.
• Excessive emission of gases and dust may lead to air pollution.
• Heating of limestone and clay may emit mercury which may damage the brains of the children.

Question 24.
Write about “Plate tectonics”.
(OR)
What is plate tectonics?
Answer:

• The region where the two plates meet and push each other, a lot of pressure is exerted.
• One plate is pushed under into the mantle while the other plate is pushed up, to form a chain of mountains.
• This movement of plates is called ‘Plate tectonics’.

Question 25.
What are the two kinds of changes happening in the Lithosphere?
Answer:

• There are two kinds of changes taking place in the lithosphere.
• They are :
  a. The slow movement
  b. The sudden movement.
  3) The slow movement leads to the formation of the crust.
  4) The sudden movements (eruption of volcanoes and earthquakes) can be destructive and cause much damage.

Question 26.
How are Igneous rocks formed?
Answer:

• When volcano erupts, the molten material (also accompanied by steam, smoke and various gases) comes out from the depths of the earth.
• The molten materials cool on the earth and form hard rocks called “Igneous rocks”.

Question 27.
Write about “Intrusive landforms” and “Extrusive landforms”.
Answer:

• When volcano erupts, some part of the lava may not reach the surface and may cool under the surface and become rocks which are called “intrusive landforms”.
• A part of the lava which pours on the surface of the earth forms the “extrusive landforms”.

Question 28.
List out landforms originated due to the work of waves.
Answer:

• The erosion and deposition by the sea waves give rise to coastal landforms.
• “Sea Arches”, “Sea Cliff’, Cape, Bay and beaches are formed due to the work of the waves.

Question 29.
From which Greek word is the word Hydrosphere derived?
Answer:
It comes from the Greek word ‘hudor’ meaning water.

Question 30.
Write about the word Atmosphere.
Answer:
“Atmosphere” is derived from two greek words “atmos” means vapour and “sphaira” means sphere or ball.

Question 31.
Name few volcanoes that are situated in India.
Answer:
The Barren islands, and Narcondam are volcanoes situated in India.

Question 32.
What is weathering?
Answer:
The gradual disintegration of rocks by atmospheric forces or weather forces is called weathering.

Question 33.
What is erosion?
Answer:
The active wearing away of the earth’s surface, by different agents, is called erosion.

Question 34.
“The Earth is a deeply interconnected system” – Interpret the statement.
Answer:
The Earth consists of four major realms.

1. Lithosphere,
2. Hydrosphere,
3. Atmosphere and
4. Biosphere.

All these four are interrelated. All these four spheres together help the birth, existence, and continuance of life on Earth. Life needs the presence of all the other three realms land, water, and air. Life resides in the intersection of the three natural spheres. Life also actively changes the three other realms.

We cannot think of one realm without the crucial role of others. We cannot tamper with one aspect of it without affecting everything around us including ourselves. Thus we can say that the Earth is a deeply inter connected system.

Question 35.
“One day in very distant future the land you are standing upon will go under the Himalayas” – Interpret the above statement.
Answer:
At the margins of the plates where one plate meets another often the incoming plate dips under the stable plate. In fact the incoming plate actually goes into the mantle of the earth and becomes molten due to the heat of the mantle.

The plate thus going under into the mantle actually pulls the rest of the plate with it. For example, the Indian plate pushes the Eurasian plate and goes under if where the Himalayan mountains are.

Thus one day in very distant future the land we are standing upon will go under the Himalayas and join the mantle.

Question 36.
“The low lands what we see today were once mountains and plateaus” – Explain.
Answer:
External forces like water and air work vigorously to wear away the surface and the interaction of these constructive and destructive forces gives rise to the great diversity of present day landforms. These external processes on one hand wear away the surface of the rocks and mountains then they transport the wornout particles and deposit them in low lands and basins.

The processes of wearing away and deposition cause a general leveling of the surface. Processes like weathering, erosion, transportation and deposition are largely responsible for these landforms. It is known as denudation process.

Denudation is a continuous process. The landforms continuously keep on changing due to denudation activities. But these changes occur very slowly. Thus the low lands what we see today were once mountains and plateaus.

Question 37.
Read the paragraph and answer the following questions.
In some cases, where the rocks are very hard, the river cuts a very narrow valley, the sides are so steep that ‘Gorges’ are formed. The Byson gorge in A.P. on the Godavari, Indus Gorge in Kashmir are examples of this. Another important erosion form is Canyon. A Canyon is characterized by steep side slopes and may be as deep as a gorge. A gorge is almost equal in width at its top as well as its bottom.
1) Write any two similarities between gorges and canyons?
Answer:
a) It is as deep as gorge.
b) Both are formed with work of water.

2) Write any two differences between gorges and canyons?
Answer:
a) Canyon has a steep like side slope whereas gorge is too steep without side slope.
b) Canyon is wider at the top than at the bottom. Whereas Gorge is almost equal in width at its top as well as at its bottom.

3) Give an example of canyon.
Answer:
The Grand canyon on river Colorado.

4) How are gorges useful ?
Answer:
Gorges are suitable for construction of dams.

Question 38.
Last year (2015) Nepal witnessed a devastating earthquake. Learn about it.
Answer:

• Earthquake occured on 25th April 2015 and after shocks were felt on 12 May, 26th April, and 25th November of 2015.
• With a magnitude ranging from 7.8 to 8.1 on Richter scale, it caused a huge damage of about $ 5 billion.
• Nepal suffered 8,857 deaths and 21,952 persons were injured along with India, China, and Bangladesh.
• It’s hypocenter was at a depth of 8.21 cm and with epicenter was at east of district of hamjung.
• UNESCO world heritage sites in Khatmandu valleys and temples were damaged.
• It also triggered avalanche on Mount Everest causing as many as 200 deaths.
• It was believed to be the worst earthquake. Nepal suffered after 1934 Nepal-Bihar earthquake.

Question 39.
1. Locate different continents and oceans on the given world map.
Answer:

1. Asia
2. Europe
3. Africa
4. North America
5. South America
6. Australia
7. Pacific Ocean
8. Indian Ocean
9. Antarctic Ocean
10. Atlantic Ocean
11. Arctic Ocean

Question 40.
Observe the map and answer the following questions.

Which parts of India lie near plate margins?
Answer:

• The states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Jammu and Kashmir lie near plate margins.
• So these areas are earthquake prone areas.

Question 41.
Label the patrs to the given diagram.
Answer:

1. Magma chamber
2. Lava
3. Central vent
4. Layers of lava and ash from past eruptions
5. Side vent

Question 42.
Why do you think glaciers make U-shaped valleys while rivers make V-shaped valleys?
Answer:
The shape of the trail left by the glacier is a function of the ice’s pressure on the ground. So if you look at the cross-section of a glacier is the laziest pattern the glacier can make, i. e. U. So the glaciers make U-shaped valleys.

In the high mountains, the flow of a river is very swift as it descends the steep slopes and it exerts a great force in cutting the mountain vertically. As a result a deep valley develops, narrow at the bottom and wide at the top. Thus V-shaped valleys are formed.

Question 43.
Appreciate the benefit with the eruption of a volcano?
Answer:

• There are various benefits with the eruption of volcano.
• Fertile soils are formed, like ones in deccan plateau.
• Valuable minerals from interior of the earth were brought to the surface or nearer to it.
• The soils formed like this are proved to be most populous areas, like in Java island.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 11 The Government Budget and Taxation.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions 11th Lesson The Government Budget and Taxation

9th Class Social 11th Lesson The Government Budget and Taxation 1 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Give examples of Indirect and direct taxes. (SA-III : 2016-17)
Answer:
Example of Direct tax :
1) Income tax
2) Corporate tax

Example of Indirect tax :
1) Sales tax
2) VAT, entertainment tax etc.

9th Class Social 11th Lesson The Government Budget and Taxation 2 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Read the paragraph and comment on it. (SA-II : 2017-18)
The increase in the price of petrol and diesel has led to an all round increase in prices. Fruits, vegetables, pulses and other food items, for example, have become more expensive.
Answer:

• Increase in the prices of diesel and petrol leads to the increase in the cost of transportation.
• Which in turn rise the prices of important commodities like fruits, vegetables pulses and other food items have become more expensive.

Question 2.
Raghav earns Rs. 20,000 per month. Given in the table below is his monthly family budget. Read the table to answer the question. (SA-II : 2018-19)

The government has decided to increase the prices of petrol by Rs. 3 per litre.
What will happen to Raghav’s family budget? And how will it effect his family?
Answer:

• The increase in the price of petrol influence the every family’s expenditure.
• Raghava’s family budget on transportation is increasing from Rs. 4,500 to 4,680 due to hike in petrol prices.
• Along with transportation important daily commodities prices also increases.
• So, Raghava family should reduce their daily expenditure to fulfill needs. It effect on Raghava’s family very badly.

9th Class Social 11th Lesson The Government Budget and Taxation Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are taxes? How are they classified?
Answer:

1. Taxes are the compulsory payments and are the main sources of revenue for the government.
2. The taxes are broadly classified into two categories,
   a) Direct taxes
   b) Indirect taxes.

Question 2.
Write about Direct taxes.
Answer:

• The taxes that are directly levied on the individuals are direct taxes.
• e.g.: Income tax and corporate tax.
• The incidence and the effect will be on the same person.

Question 3.
Write about indirect tax.
Answer:
The indirect taxes are that type of taxes where tax is levied on one person but the tax burden is shifted to some other person.
e.g.: Sales tax, excise tax, customs tax, VAT, entertainment tax, etc.

Question 4.
What is subsidy? Why do you think government provides subsidy?
Answer:

• Money paid by government to reduce the cost of certain important goods such as fertilizers, foodgrains, diesel and other important goods so that their prices can be kept low and affordable to all.
• Government provides subsidies for many products by compensating the producer.
• Otherwise, producers may charge higher prices and products may be out of reach for poor.
• Subsidised prices keep goods affordable especially for those who need it most.
• In this way, government subsidises the price of kerosene, foodgrain from ration shops, LPG gas cylinders, etc.

Question 5.
What is revenue? Why is it necessary for government?
Answer:

• The money required for the different functions of the government is collected as taxes.
• The taxes collected constitute the revenue of the government.
• Revenues are necessary to finance the expenditures of the government.
• To fulfil various roles, the government must have adequate money, which it gets from taxes.

Question 6.
Name a few taxes.
Answer:
Value Added Tax (VAT), Service tax, Excise duty, Income tax, Property tax, Customs duty, etc.

Question 7.
What is service tax ? Give a few examples.
Answer:

• The tax on services is called ‘service tax’.
• Some common examples of service tax include speed post, telephone, mobile communication, restaurants, AC class/first class train travel.

Question 8.
Nowadays black money is hoarding. Make suggestions to government to get rid of it.
Answer:

• There are many ‘tax evaders’ and the black money, that is the money on which tax should have been paid but wasn’t goes on accumulating.
• To get hold of this hoard of black money the income tax departmentraids many people’s
• It has also tried to make the procedures more convenient for people to pay their own tax.
• Despite these efforts a large number of people do not pay income tax, or pay less than they should.

Question 9.
Government gets money from taxes. What considerations should be made while collecting taxes?
Answer:

• The government gets money from many kinds of taxes.
• It has to decided how much money to collect through each kind of tax.
• It has to consider : how many people would have to pay, whether this tax can be collected easily, how would it affect rich and poor; A related question is whether people pay their taxes or evade it.

Question 10.
What taxes are to be avoided in order to save the poor from the burden of taxation?
Answer:

• Tax on petrol and diesel leads to an all round increase in prices. Hence they are to be avoided.
• Indirect taxes do not distinguish between the rich and the poor. They are to be reduced.
• Taxes on essentials are to be reduced and tax on luxury items can be increased.

Question 11.
What measures are to be taken by government to have a fair taxation?
Answer:

• Taxation depends on the value that the society as a whole holds.
• Most societies have a few people who have lakhs of rupees while others don’t have enough to eat.
• Government should collect more taxes from the rich and the poor should be taxed minimally.
• Society can aspire to spend these taxes to raise the income of the poor by providing better opportunities and living conditions.

Question 12.
What measures are to be taken by government in increasing taxes in budget?
Answer:

• Taxes charged and collected have a strong impact on people’s lives.
• The tax on income falls more heavily on the rich and therefore can be considered more fair.
• But the taxes from income might not be enough to cover the large government expenditure.
• Any budget has to take into account all these considerations.
• That is why the time of the budget is of great importance for everyone.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 10 Prices and Cost of Living.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions 10th Lesson Prices and Cost of Living

9th Class Social 10th Lesson Prices and Cost of Living 2 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
“Public distribution system is one of the government programme to eradicate poverty. But one aspect of this programme is that it is not reaching the eligible people”.
Suggest the measures for better implementation of public distribution system? (SA-III : 2015-16)
Answer:
The following measures should be taken to improve the present Public Distribution System (PDS).

1. Implementation of measures such as door step delivery of food grains.
2. Improving viability of fair price shop operations.
3. Greater monitoring and vigilance.
4. Improve food grains off take.
5. Correct identification of beneficiaries.
6. Smart system communication like information provided to consumers by SMS about rations.

9th Class Social 10th Lesson Prices and Cost of Living Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is inflation? Explain.
Answer:

• Continuous rise in prices of goods is known as inflation.
• The value of money also decreases with inflation.
• With more money also we could buy less goods only.
• This in turn increases the expenditure.
• Thus lower inflation is always better.

Question 2.
Who do you think are not affected by rising prices?
Answer:

• Not everyone is affected by rising prices.
• Extremely rich persons are not affected by rising prices.
• People those, who are working in corporate sector do not get affected by rising prices.

Question 3.
What is a price index? How is it useful?
Answer:

• Change in price is measured with the help of a statistical device referred to as price index.
• Change in prices of one good does not affect all goods and services in the same way.
• So we use index numbers of prices to measure the overall change in prices.
• Index numbers tell us about changes in the sum total of a set of items over time.

Question 4.
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.

i) Why does the government fix prices under APM?
Answer:
For preventing hoarding and keeping the prices of essential commodities within reasonable levels and to facilitate their availability, the government fixes the prices.

ii) Which goods are subsidised by the government?
Answer:
Goods such as kerosene, diesel, liquid petroleum gas, compressed natural gas, piped natural gas are examples of goods which are partly or solely subsidised by the government.

Question 5.
Estimating Consumer Price Index
This is an example of how CPI can be constructed. Let us assume that your family buys rice, onions, dal, and gas cylinder.

1) How much more do we have to pay compared to last month?
Answer:
The expenditure has been increased by Rs. 350.

2) What is the percentage of increase?
Answer:
Percentage = \(\frac{350}{1500}\) × 100 = 23.3%

Question 6.
What is a budget? How does the government meet the deficit in the budget?
Answer:

• Budget is the financial statement which shows the anticipated incomes and expenditure of a family, or an institution or a state or any central government.
• When expenditures are more than incomes, then it is called a deficit budget.
• The government levies taxes on people to meet the deficit.

Question 7.
Nowadays there is rise in prices, why do people appear agitated and worried with it?
Answer:

• Nowadays rise in prices is common.
• People are always worried about rise in prices.
• It affects their consumption and they have to pay more for everything.
• Petrol prices increase, bus and auto fares increase, prices of groceries, vegetables, and milk increase, doctors fee increase and soon.
• Thus people always appear to be agitated about the rise in prices.

Question 8.
Prices of agricultural goods/products are volatile. What initiatives are taken by government to help farmers?
Answer:

• Government regulates traders in agricultural products/goods.
• It procures through Food Corporation of India, rice and wheat from farmers using Minimum Support Price (MSP).
• Traders also need to pay MSP.
• It also fixes price for sugarcane procured to make sugar in cooperative sugar mills.
• In these ways government try to regulate prices of agricultural products/goods in the market.

Question 9.
Why should the government give subsidies? On which items generally subsidies are given?
Answer:

• The government generally gives subsidies to keep the prices of essential commodities within the resonable levels.
• Goods such as kerosene, diesel, liquid petroleum gas, compressed natural gas, and piped natural gas are examples of goods whose prices are partly or solely subsidised by the government.

Question 10.
What measures are taken by government to control prices or reduce inflation?
Answer:

• To control unscrupulous rise in prices of essential goods in market, government supplies food items at subsidised prices through Public Distribution System.
• For preventing hoarding and keeping prices at reasonable level, government fixes prices of commodities like kerosene, diesel, gas, etc. through various laws.
• When there is price rise, RBI reduces the money circulation in the economy.
• Then it poses taxes on high-income groups and on many consumer goods.
• Government also uses Import – Export policy to regulate the prices of essential goods.
• Government also use legal mechanism whenever traders create shortage by hoarding.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 5 Biosphere.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions 5th Lesson Biosphere

9th Class Social 5th Lesson Biosphere 1 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Prepare two slogans to support the protection of the environment. (SA-III : 2015-16)
(0R)
Write two slogans on the prevention of environmental pollution.
Answer:

• “Environment is life, pollution is death.”
• Live green, love green, be green.
• Hate pollution, love environment.

Question 2.
Write any two programs on the prevention of environmental pollution to aware people. (SA-II : 2017-18)
Answer:

• Explain to the people who are living in the villages and towns through documentary films about protection of environment.
• Through folk songs and playlets create awareness about protection of environment.

Question 3.
Make some slogans on conservation of forests. (SA-II : 2016-17)
Answer:

• Plant a tree, so that next generation can get air for free.
• Take care of the trees, they will take care of you.
• If you cut a tree, you kill a life.

Question 4.
As a student what activities would you take up to reduce global warming? (SA-I : 2018-19)
Answer:

• Increase the greenery in open and empty places.
• Use the public transport for short distant areas.

Question 5.
Write any two causes for Global warming. (SA-II : 2018-19)
Answer:

1. Deforestation.
2. Emission of green house gases from industries.

Question 6.
Mention any two features of Tropical Deciduous Forests. (SA-I : 2019-20)
Answer:
Features of Tropical Deciduous Forests :

1. Trees shed their leaves in the dry season to conserve water.
2. The hardwood trees found in these forests are sal, teak, neem and shisham.

9th Class Social 5th Lesson Biosphere 2 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How can we protect our forests? (SA-II : 2016-17)
(OR)
Suggest any two ways to protect forests. (SA-II : 2018-19)
Answer:
There are various methods of conserving a forest.

1. The main and important method is declaring the forest area is a reserved forest area due to which it cannot be used for commercial use.
2. By appointing a forest officer who looks on the development of the forest and also looks for the misuse of the forest which he reports to the administration.
3. Afforestation method.
4. Encouraging forest community to protect their own flora.

Question 2.
List 4 ways in which faster depletion of natural resources can be reduced. (SA-I : 2019-20)
Answer:

1. Planting trees in Industrial places and besides roads.
2. Ban on cutting forests.
3. Industrialization should be in the limit, should not be harmful to environment.
4. Mining of various minerals should be in the control of government.

9th Class Social 5th Lesson Biosphere 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
“Industrialisation, rapid population growth and urbanisation lead to unprecedented exploitation of natural resources like minerals, forests, soil, water, air, etc”.
‘Protection of non renewable natural resources is must’. Comment. (SA-III : 2016-16)
Answer:

• The production of coal, electricity and natural gas is not adequate to all as per our present requirements. It is important to use economically the available resources and compensate the scarcity with alternative which society faces today. As they are scarce and expensive it is better move towards non-conventional sources.
• Non-renewable energy resources like coal, oil and natural gas cannot be recycled or reused.
• Forest are ho/nes for a number of wild animals. They protect water loss from top soil and thus prevention formation of deserts.
• If rainfall is less the surface and ground water will be low so encourage recycling of water and percolating of more rain water.

Question 2.
When human beings began to practise agriculture and animal husbandry, they began to change the environment even more. The building of cities and the use of metals like bronze and iron further change human interaction with the environment.
Q: Is development causes to environment pollution? “comment on it. (SA-II : 2016-17)
Answer:
1. Establishment of Industries :
Industries are the important to economic development of any country but they release green house gases causes to environment pollution.
Ex : Transportation of petrol through pipe lines, if there is a leak in the pipe line, soil will automatically be polluted.

2. Transportation :
Each and every person has a own vehicle which is run by petrel, diesel or gas. This is the significance of development of our country. At the same time pollution will arise with these vehicles.

3. Agricultural Activities :
To increase production in foodgrains we are following green revolution methods. But these methods are responsible for the contamination of water and soil.

4. Trading Activities :
Trading activities including the production and exchange of goods and services. Concerning goods, pollution can be caused by packaging (which often involves the use of plastic which is made from fossil fuels) or transport, mainly.

Question 3.
Observe the given table and answer the following questions. (SA-II : 2016-17)

Answer the following questions.
1. What type of forests mostly spread in India?
2. Which types of forests are there in Himalayas?
3. Which type of trees grown in Tropical Evergreen forests?
4. Teak, Neem trees are grown in which type of forests?
Answer:

1. Tropical Deciduous Forest
2. Coniferous Forests.
3. Rosewood, Ebony, Mahogany (etc.)
4. Teak, Neem trees are grown in Tropical Decidious Forests.

Question 4.
All living and non-living things on the earth are in one way or the other connected to each other. Changes affecting one, in due time affect all others too. Explain this statement with examples. (SA-I : 2019-20)
Answer:
Yes, All living and non-living things on the earth are in one way or the other connected to each other, changes affecting one, in due time affects all others too.

Example 1 :
Vultures feed upon dead animals like cattle. However, people started noticing that Vultures have virtually disappeared and are sighted very rarely. Finally, they found that farmers use a particular chemical called Diclofenac to treat cattle. When the cattle die their flesh retains. This Chemical when their flesh is consumed by vultures, diclofenac leads to kidney failure in them and they die within a week or so. In this way vultures have come very close to extinction.

Example 2 :
The disturbance caused by mixing of some poisonous substances in air or water or soil the metals.like mercury are consumed by micro-organisms in water and in turn become the food of a large number of fishes when human beings consume these fishes they too absorb quantities of mercury that are detrimental to their health.

9th Class Social 5th Lesson Biosphere Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is Global warming ? What are the reasons for global warming?
Answer:
Global warming :

1. Global warming is the increase of Earth’s average surface temperature due to effect of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels.
2. In Global warming the heat received by the earth is trapped into the atmosphere and is not released into the sky.

Reasons for global warming :

• Release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere by power plants by burning the fossil fuels.
• Release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere by burning gasoline by automobiles.
• Methane emissions from animals agriculture.
• Deforestation especially tropical forests for wood, pulp and farmland.
• Increase in usage of chemical fertilizers on croplands.

Question 2.
What is Greenhouse effect?
Answer:

• The earth radiates whatever heat it receives from the sun into the sky.
• The greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, chloro flouro carbons trap the heat reflected by the earth into the sky and thus maintain a constant surface temperature.
• This mechanism is known as Greenhouse effect.

Question 3.
Write the names of major Greenhouse gases and their sources.
Answer:

Question 4.
How do you think acid rains will affect natural vegetation and crops?
Answer:

1. A rain or any other form of precipitation that is usually acidic meaning that it possesses elevated levels of hydrogen ions.
2. Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acid rains.
3. The affect of acid rains on natural vegetation and crops :
   a) The roots are damaged by acidic rainfall, causing the growth of the plant to be stunted or even in its death.
   b) Nutrients present in the soils are destroyed by the acidity.
   c) Useful micro organisms which release nutrients from decaying organic matter into the soil are killed off.
   d) The acid rains damage the waxy layer of the leaves and make the plants vulnerable to diseases.
   e) Plants germination and reproduction is also inhibited by the effects of acid rain.

Question 5.
How does the release of mercury into the streams and rivers affect us?
Answer:

• Mercury released into water is consumed by micro organisms in water and in turn become the food of a large number of fishes.
  When human beings consume these fishes they too absorb quantities of mercury that are detrimental to human health.

Question 6.
What is meant by ‘Biosphere’?
Answer:
According to many geographers, life itself constitutes a separate sphere called ‘biosphere’.

Question 7.
Into how many categories is the natural vegetation classified? What are they?
Answer:
Natural vegetation is generally classified into three broad categories. They are forests, grasslands, and shrubs.

Question 8.
Write the names of trees and animals in the coniferous forests.
Answer:
Chir, pine, cedar are the important trees in coniferous forests. Silver fox, mink, polar bear are the animals commonly found here.

Question 9.
Write the reason of acid rains.
Answer:
Acid rains are caused by the mingling of acidic particles of the atmosphere with the rain by increasing the acid content of rain water.

Question 10.
How is mediterranean climate and vegetation are different?
Answer:

• Mediterranean regions are marked for hot dry summers and mild rainy winters.
• Citrus fruits such as oranges, figs, olives and grapes are commonly cultivated here.
• Vegetation here adapt themselves to dry summers with the help of thick bark and wax coated leaves, which help them reduce transpiration.
• Other regions do not have rainy winters but rainy seasons.
• Vegetation in other regions shed their leaves.

Question 11.
Describe the steppes.
Answer:

• Steppes are temperate grasslands found in the mid latitudinal zones and interior parts of the continents.
• Usually grass here is short and nutritious.

Question 12.
What are Savannahs?
Answer:

• From equator to tropics on eitherside of equator, areas with moderate to low rainfall result in grasslands.
• These grasses are tall about 3 to 4 metres.
• Savannah grasslands are African tropical grasslands.

Question 13.
What is tundra type of vegetation?
Answer:

• In extreme cold polar regions natural vegetation consists of mosses, lichens and very small shrubs.
• These grow during very hot summer.
• This is called tundra type of vegetation.

Question 14.
How does the chemical “diclofenac” affect vultures?
(Or)
Why is the population of vultures decreasing?
Answer:

• The farmers use a particular chemical called Diclofenac to treat cattle.
• When the cattle die their flesh retain this chemical.
• When their flesh is consumed by vultures, diclofenac leads to kidney failure in them and they die.
• So the population of vultures is decreasing.

Question 15.
How are industries polluting our environment?
Answer:

• Modern industries use coal and petroleum.
• The burning of fossil fuels releases large quantities of carbon dioxide and other chemicals.
• Industries also cause the release of sulphuric, carbonic and nitric acids, which cause “acid rains.”
• Modern industries release enormous amounts of waste material which ^ air and water.

Question 16.
How does new agriculture affect our environment?
Answer:

• Modern agriculture uses a large amount of chemical fertilize
• These fertilizers and pesticides eventually remain in the soil, result in contamination of soil and water.
• As a result many micro organisms like earthworms are destroyed.
• This in turn affects the long term fertility of the soil.
• Due to modern agriculture, the levels of toxins in our food are increasing.
• This is very harmful to the health of the people.

Question 17.
Write about Kyoto protocol.
Answer:

• To protect the mother earth from global warming, a conference was held in the city of Kyoto in Japan.
• The main aim of this is to bring down the release of green house gases.

Question 18.
What are the impacts of Global warming?
Answer:
Concentration of green house gases raise the temperature of the earth. This is known as Global warming.

1. If CO₂ reaches twice, the global temperature could be 1.5°C and 4°C higher than that precondition.
2. The increased surface temperature would cause melting of continental and mountain glaciers and thus would cause flooding of coastal areas of low land countries.
3. A major portion of the lower deltaic region of Bangladesh would be submerged under sea water.
4. Green house effect could cause decrease in precipitation and soil moisture content in the world.
5. Due to decrease in rainfall our agriculture will be affected.
6. Due to decrease in moisture content in the atmosphere, diseases will spread.
7. Due to damage to the Ozone layer, skin problems will arise.
8. Decrease of snow cover in the northern hemisphere has been observed since 1973.

Question 19.
“Various forms of life are not only related to the three spheres around them but also to each other”- Interpret the statement.
Answer:

• All parts of life are part of a complex food chain that is one kind becomes the food for another kind.
• The primary food producers are plants which produce food with the help of sunlight.
• The food produced by plants are eaten by animals, usually called herbivores.
• Bacteria and fungi help in decomposition of dead trees, animals and breaking them down into organic compounds.
• The plants themselves draw the vital nutrients from these organic compounds.
• Thus many of the life forms are symbiotic that is they live by exchanging essential susbtances with each other.

Question 20.
“Any disturbance in the life cycle can create an ecological crises” – Explain the statement.
Answer:

• If a particular species feeds upon a particular kind of plant is exterminated, it would result in unchecked growth of that plant.
• Then that plant may intrude into the area of other plants and stop their growth.
• Many industries release their chemical wastes into the rivers and streams.
• These chemicals like mercury are consumed by micro organisms and in turn, become the food offish.
• When human beings consume these fishes they too absorb mercury which is detrimental to their health.
• Thus we can say any disturbance in the life cycle can create ecological crises.

Question 21.
“Since all living and non-living things on earth are in one way or other connected to each other, changes affecting one affects all others too” – Interpret the above statement.
Answer:

• Industries release chemical wastes into the rivers and streams.
• These chemicals like mercury are consumed by the micro organisms in water.
• These micro organisms become the food of the fishes.
• When human beings consume these fishes they too absorb quantities of mercury that are detrimental to human health.
• Thus all living and non-living things on earth are in one way or other connected to each other, changes affecting one affects all others too.

Question 22.
“Such intense human industrial activity has had profound impact on the air, water and the land around us” – Interpret the above statement.
Answer:
A) Impact of industries on atmosphere :

1. Modern industries by burning of fossil fuels release large qualities of carbon dioxide and other chemicals into the atmosphere.
2. These chemicals pollute the atmosphere and lead to global warming and acid rains.
3. Burning of fossil fuels and release of enormous amounts of waste materials by industries contaminate air, water and soil.
4. Industrial emissions of greenhouse gases cause an increase in the atmospheric temperature and thus it leads to greenhouse effect.

B) Impact of industries on water:

1. Many industries use chemicals and metals which they release into the streams and rivers.
2. These metals like mercury are consumed by the micro organism and in turn become the food of fishes. When human beings eat these fishes, it causes ill health for them also.
3. Many toxic synthetic chemicals that cannot be broken down at all by natural processes can cause serious harm to people, plants and animals.

C) Impact of industries on soil:

• Soil contaminated by heavy metals may pose a great threat to human health if the heavy metals enter the food chain.
• Soil contaminated by industrial chemicals can have negative effects on seed germination and dry matter production.

Thus intense human industrial activity has had profound impact on the air, water and the land around us.

Question 23.
Read the paragraph under the title “In addition to and soil” on page 57 and comment on it.
In addition to burning of fossil fuels, modern industries release enormous amounts of waste materials in the form of solid, liquid and gaseous waste contaminating air, water (both surface water like rivers and underground water of wells) and soil.
Answer:

1. Modern industries and transport system use adequate amount of energy.
2. The buring of fossil feuls releases large quantities of carbon dioxide and other chemicals like nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds and heavy metals.
3. They also cause the release of sulfuric carbonic and nitric acids, which cause what are called “acid rains”.
4. Modern industries release enormous effluents of waste materials in the form of solid, liquid and toxic waste contaminating air, water and soil.

Question 24.
“Scientists believe that the earth’s climate is being altered due to changes in atmosphere known as the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is particularly significant in the polar regions of the Arctic and Antarctic. On the Antarctic peninsula temperatures have been recorded as increasing two to three times more quickly than the rest of the Earth”- Form a question after reading the above passage.
Answer:
How does the greenhouse effect in the polar region affect the atmosphere and hydrosphere? How can it be a cause of concern for the low lying areas and islands?

Question 25.
“All small islands and low lying areas will be jeopardized. If global warming is allowed to progress, some of the northern Hawaiian atolls already been submerged by ocean water. Waikiki, Manhattan and New Orleans are good examples of major cities within the United States that may be at the risk of flooding” –
After reading the above passage, form a suitable question on the above discussed issue.
Answer:
Why is Hawaii in danger?

Question 26.
“Characterized as containing harmful levels of sulphur dioxide or nitrogen oxide, acid rain is damaging and potentially deadly to the earth’s fragile ecosystems; a pH – of 2.4 has been measured in rainfall in England” –
Read the above passage and form a question on the above discussed issue.
Answer:

1. How do acid rains affect the ecosystems?
2. What are the factors that result in acid rains?

Question 27.
If your acquaintant is now on a tree cutting spree, how would you stop him?
Answer:

• If my acquaintant is now on a tree cutting spree, I would advise him to stop it.
• I would let him know the ill effects of felling of trees.
• I would educate him of environmental crisis from this and global warming.
• I would make him to stop tree cutting.
• I would encourage him to plant more saplings than the number of trees he cut.

Question 28.
Locate the following on the world map.
1) China
2) Brazil
3) New Zealand
4) California
5) Chile
6) Mediterranean sea
Answer:

Question 29.
Can you name the great desert of India? Name some of the common animals of the desert which you have learnt earlier.
Answer:

• The name of the great Indian desert is the Thar Desert.
• It is a large, arid region situated in the north western part of the Indian subcontinent.
• It is mainly located in the state of Rajasthan.
• About 23 species of lizard and 25 species of snakes are found here.
• Some wild species such as the black buck, chinkara the Indian wild ass and camels.
• Other mammals found in this region are red ox and a wild cat, the caracal.

Question 30.
Establish the dependence of Biosphere on the remaining realms?
Answer:

• All the realms of the earth are interdependent on each other.
• For the occurrence of biosphere, there is every need of lithosphere.
• Without hydrosphere, life is not possible on the earth thus biosphere.
• Existence of atmosphere only makes our planet earth liveable otherwise it may be too hot and too cold to live in.
• Thus, biosphere depends on the realms of earth.

Question 31.
How do you preserve your Mother Earth?
Answer:

• We should see that the biodiversity is presereved.
• We should see some alternative energy sources such as Biogas and Solar energy etc.
• No industries should be allowed to flow chemicals or other waste material into the streams or rivers.
• Use of chemical fertilizers should be avoided.
• Use of plastic should be banned.
• Licence should be cancelled to all the factories which release green house gases into the air.
• Pollution caused by vehicles should be checked.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 20 Democracy: An Evolving Idea.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions 20th Lesson Democracy: An Evolving Idea

9th Class Social 20th Lesson Democracy: An Evolving Idea 2 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is the most important reason to vote for and elect leaders in a democracy? (SA-II : 2018-19)
Answer:
Democracy is completely based on voting system.

• Right to vote create a chance to voters to select good government.
• People select the leader who is capable and solve their problems.
• Right to vote is most important, because people should express their opinion.

9th Class Social 20th Lesson Democracy: An Evolving Idea 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
“Democracy which respects the freedom and rights of all people may be the best way to solve some of the complex problems the countries in the present day world.’
Do you agree which this statement? Justify your answer. (SA-II : 2018-19)
(OR)
Today a new kind of democracy is been forged across the world in which even the poorest and most vulnerable people will have a voice and will be able to influence policies and ensure justice and peace for all.
“Democracy is the best form of Government”. Comment on it. (SA-II : 2017-18)
Answer:
Democracy is the best form of government by following ways.

1. Democracy provide freedom.
2. Democracy represents the people.
3. It is better governance due to transparency.
4. Democracy gives respect to human rights.
5. It promotes the human rights.
6. It gives more freedom of speech and expression.

9th Class Social 20th Lesson Democracy: An Evolving Idea Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Observe the following table and answer the given questions.

1) Which country has more inequality?
Answer:
South Africa

2) What is the difference in USA?
Answer:
46

3) Among the given countries, which is the South American country?
Answer:
Brazil

4) Which country has least difference?
Answer:
Hungary

Question 2.
Read the following passage and answer the given questions.
Belgium : Belgium is a small country in Europe. Of the country’s total population, 59 per cent lives in the Flemish region and speaks Dutch language. Another 40 percent people live in the Wallonia region and speak French. Remaining one per cent of the Belgians speak German. In the capital city Brussels, 80 per cent people speak French while 20 per cent are Dutch- speaking.
1) Where is Belgium?
Answer:
Belgium is a small country in Europe.

2) Who speaks Dutch language?
Answer:
59% of population of Belgium lives in the Flemish region and speaks Dutch language.

3) Who speaks French?
Answer:’
40% lives in the Wallonia region and speaks French.

4) What per cent of people speak German?
Answer:
One per cent of people speak German.

5) What is the capital city of Germany?
Answer:
Brussels.

Question 3.
Read the following passages and answer the given questions.
In Sri Lanka, post its independence in 1948, the leaders of the Sinhala community sought to secure dominance over government by virtue of their majority. As a result, the democratically elected government adopted a series of majoritarian measures to establish Sinhala supremacy.

Sinhala was made the only official language, disregarding Tamil. The governments followed preferential policies that favoured Sinhala applicants for jobs. A new constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism. All these government measures, coming one after the other, gradually increased the feeling of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils.

1) When did Sri Lanka get its independence?
Answer:
In 1948.

2) What community is mentioned here?
Answer:
Sinhala community.

3) What did the democratically elected government adopt?
Answer:
The democratically elected government adopted a series of majoritarian measures to establish Sinhala supremacy.

4) Sinhala was made the only official language, disregarding ___________
Answer:
Tamil.

5) A new constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster ___________
Answer:
Buddhism.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 9 Credit in the Financial System.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions 9th Lesson Credit in the Financial System

9th Class Social 9th Lesson Credit in the Financial System 1 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Expand NABARD. (SA-III : 2015-16)
(OR)
Explain the term NABARD. (SA-II : 2017-18)
Answer:
National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development.

9th Class Social 9th Lesson Credit in the Financial System 2 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
500 and 1000 rupees notes were demonetized recently. How far is this helpful for Indian economy in your opinion? (SA-III : 2016-17)
Answer:
The decision of the government to scrape 500 and 1000 currency notes is affecting different class of society in a different way.
Poor class :
This class is affected adversely immediately. Because they use debit or credit card is very less.

Temporarily they face problem but they become normal within month.

Middle class :
They too have to stand on a big queue for short time because they still need the 100 rupee note, for making petty payments.

Upper class :
They too may face trouble for few days but their life would become normal very soon.

Long term benefits :

1. Developmental activities would pick up significantly as the tax revenue increases.
2. Corruption would reduce.
3. Government can reduce rates of taxes.
4. Illegal activities would reduce.
5. Dowry and other social practices like extravagant marriages would reduce due to white economy.

Question 2.
What do the banks do with the deposits which they collect from the public? (SA-III : 2016-17)
Answer:

• Banks keep only a small proportion of their deposits as cash with themselves.
• Banks in India these days hold about 15% of their deposits as cash.
• This is kept as provision to pay the depositors who might come to withdraw money from the bank on any given day.
• Banks use the major portion of the deposits to extend loans.
• There is a huge demand for loans for various economic activities.

Question 3.
Financial literacy is the process of equipping oneself with knowledge and information on financial matters. Taking interest in financial literacy helps one to goals and protect oneself from frauds and debts traps. It aims inculate savings habits improve the understanding of financial products leading to effective use of financial services and thus helps better money management further financial literacy facilitates easy access to financial services.
“Financial literacy is an important for consumer protection and financial stability”? Comment on it. (SA-II : 2016-17)
Answer:
Importance of Consumer protection and Financial literacy :

1. Ensure that financial markets are deep and serve the broad population.
2. Provide access to financial services for low income households and
3. Ensure long-term stability in the financial system.
4. Financial markets help to build consumer trust in financial institutions and ensure that financial institutions reach out to serve the needs of the population, including low-income households that often lack access to basic financial services.

Question 4.
Appreciate the role of self-help groups to fulfill the financial needs of poor women. (SA-II : 2016-17)
(OR)
Self help groups are the building blocks of organisation of the rurql and urban poor. Not only do women become financially self reliant, it is a platform to discuss and act on a variety of social issues such as health, nutrition, domestic violence etc.”
Do you agree with the above statement? Explain your answer. (SA-II : 2018-19)
Answer:

• The Self Help Groups played a very significant role in empowering rural women in India.
• Self Gelp Group fulfill the commercial requirements of poor women members by doing the small amount of daily savings and making contributions for few months till the time there is sufficient funds in the group to start lending.
• To empower the women they provide buffaloes on loan, sewing machines, and provide loan for small general stores etc.
• Not only these the SHG group protect the women from domestic violence and from social abuse etc.
• SHG’s work for rural and urban poor women.

9th Class Social 9th Lesson Credit in the Financial System 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
“There are some major differences between the way formal and informal credit providers operate in India. While the formal credit providers follow certain rules and regulations framed by government, informal credit providers do not follow such rules. When the borrower could not repay as per the agreed terms, formal credit providers cannot use any illegal ways to get back the credit, whereas informal credit providers use many coercive and illegal ways which at times lead to borrowers committing suicides. Compared to the formal lenders, most of the informal lenders charge a much higher interest on loans. Banks and cooperative societies need to lend more. This would lead to higher incomes because many people could then borrow cheaply for a variety of different needs. They could grow crops, do business, set up small-scale industries etc. They could set up new industries or engage in business activity. Cheap and affordable credit for all is crucial for the country’s development.”
Q. “The rich households are availing cheap credit from formal lenders whereas the poor households have to pay a heavy price for borrowing from informal sources” – Comment in your own words. (SA-III : 2016-17)
Answer:
The main reason behind poor house holds depends on informal lenders/sources because banks do not wish to give loans to the poor, who have no collateral. Bank loans require proper documents and collateral. Banks prefer not to lend money to the poor farmers and landless labourers, because more often than not they don’t have the required documents to take loan.

But rich people have more properties, they should submits proper documents to banks for loan.

According to this, rich people are benefited with low rate of interest but poor people are suffered with high rate of interest.
So formal sector loans need to expand in rural areas for the development of poor.

Question 2.
What are the various services provided by the bank to the customers? (SA-II : 2018-19)
Answer:
Financial institutions means banks may differ in the type and number of services they provide to customers.

The services most often provided include a variety of checking accounts, savings accounts; certificates of deposits, and loans, including car loans and home mortgages.

Additional services may include safe deposit boxes and investment related services. Education loans to students also.

9th Class Social 9th Lesson Credit in the Financial System Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are the two important functions of Banks?
Answer:
All commercial banks perform the following two functions.

1. Banks accept deposits from the customers and pay an interest on the deposits.
2. Banks lend loans to the customers and charge interest on the loans.

Question 2.
What is the primary source of income for banks?
Answer:
The difference between what is charged from borrowers and what is paid to the depositors is the primary source of income for banks.

Question 3.
What is meant by the term ’credit1 (loan)?
Answer:

• Credit refers to an agreement in which the lender supplies the borrower with money, goods or services in turn for the promise of future payment.
• Credit helps us to meet our needs or expenses.

Question 4.
What is meant by the term collateral?
Answer:
Collateral is an asset that the borrower owns (such as land, building, vehicles, livestock, deposits with bank) and uses this as a guarantee to a lender until the loan is repaid.

Question 5.
What are formal and informal sources of credit in India?
Answer:

• The various types of loans can be conveniently grouped as formal sector loans and informal sector loans.
• Among them, formel are loans from banks and cooperatives.
• The informal lenders include moneylenders, traders, employers, relatives and friends, etc.

Question 6.
What is meant by the word ’financial literacy’?
Answer:

• Financial literacy is the process of equipping oneself with knowledge and understanding on financial matters and to take right financial decisions leading to financial confidence.
• Simply, taking efforts to equip oneself with knowledge on financial matter.

Question 7.
Where do we get information regarding financial literacy?
Answer:

• Financial literacy material is available on the website of Reserve Bank of India.
• In addition, for the benefit of word illiterate persons in rural and urban and remote areas, State Level Bankers Committee (SLBC), AP has prepared an audio CD on the benefits of saving with banks.

Question 8.
What are “the terms of credit”?
Answer:
Interest rate, collateral and documentation requirement and the mode of repayment together comprise what is called the terms of credit.

Question 9.
Why do you think bank deposits are called ‘demand deposits’?
Answer:

• Banks accept the deposits and also pay an amount as interest on the deposits.
• People have the right to withdraw the money as and when they require.
• Since the deposits in the bank accounts can be withdrawn on demand, these deposits are called ‘demand deposits’.

Question 1o.
Why do you think the people in rural areas demand for credit?
Answer:

• In the rural areas, the main demand for credit is for crop production.
• Crop production involves considerable costs on seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, water, electricity, repair of equipment, etc.
• Farmers usually take crop loans at the beginning of the season and repay the loan after harvest.
• There is usually 3 to 4 months gap between farmers buying inputs and selling the crop.
• Repayment crucially depends on income from farming.

Question 11.
Read the passage and answer the following questions.

1) What has RBI initiated?
Answer:
The RBI has now initiated processes of improving the financial access to people in rural areas.

2) What would be the uses of RBI’s steps?
Answer:
They would encourage people in rural areas to open bank accounts, to save money ’ and also use loan facilities of the banks.

3) What initiations has the government taken recently?
Answer:
Recently, the government initiated providing unique identification number to every citizen of India.

4) What is the name of the card?
Answer:
Aadhaar card.

5) Is there any mandatory to put a minimum account?
Answer:
Now, there is no compulsion to keep a minimum amount. This is called ‘Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account’.

Question 12.
Understand the Pie diagram and fiSi the table.

Sources of credit for rural Households in India in 2003

Read the above table and Answer the following questions.
1) Note the change in the loans issued by all formal organizations for the last three decades.
Answer:
The loans issued by formal organizations has increased from 15.8% in 1961 to 52% in 2003. There is an increase of 36.2%.

2) What was the difference in the loans issued by all informal organizations for the last three decades?
Answer:
The loans issued by informal organizations have been reduced from 84.0 to 48%. There is a decrease of 36%

Question 13.
What are the reasons for farmers distress in Andhra Pradesh?
Answer:

• Most of the farmers take loans to meet the expenses of cultivation.
• When crops fail, they cannot repay the loans.
• Again they take a fresh loan from informal lenders.
• Finally fallen in debt-trap and this leads to distress among them.

Question 14.
What are the reasons for the poor notable to get bank loans, nowadays?
Answer:

• Bank loans require proper documents and collateral.
• Absence of collateral is one of the major reasons which prevent the poor from getting bank loans.
• They have a few assets to keep as collateral.
• They are going to easily accessible informal loans.

Question 15.
How is cheap and affordable credit for all, crucial for the country’s development nowadays?
Answer:

• Borrowing at higher rates of interest makes borrowers to have left with less income for themselves.
• In somecases it may be more than his income and leading to debt trap.
• For this reasons, banks and cooperatives need to lend more.*
• As these offer loans at lower rate of interest, borrowers use them for a variety of needs.
• Thus the availability of cheap and affordable credit for all is crucial for the country’s development nowadays.

Question 16.
Study the following pie-chart.

1) What does the above chart describe?
Answer:
It describes the distribution of credit among different households.

2) Describe the pie-chart.
Answer:

• Out of total credit, poor households take 40% of the credit.
• Out of total credit, rich households take 21% of the credit.
• Well-off households take 32% of credit and stood 2nd place in availing credit.
• Households with few assets take least percentage of loans, i.e. only 7%.

Question 17.
What is the measure taken by government and Non-governmental Organizations to organize rural poor?
Answer:

• In recent years government and NGOs have found new way for providing loans to the poor.
• The idea is to organize rural poor, particularly women into small Self Help Groups (SHGs) and pool their savings.
• SHGs with 15-20 members save Rs. 25 to Rs. 100, at least for 2 years.
• They can take small loans from group itself to meet their needs.
• Group charges small interest on borrowing members.
• After a year or two, they can get loan from bank without collateral.

Question 18.
What are the measures taken by RBI to help rural agriculture?
Answer:
1) The Reserve Bank of India sees that banks give loans not just to profit making business and traders but also to small cultivators, small scale industries, to small borrowers, etc.

2) In recent times, besides RBI, NABARD (National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development) facilitates formal credit organisations in Rural India.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 15 Industrialisation and Social Change.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions 15th Lesson Industrialisation and Social Change

9th Class Social 15th Lesson Industrialisation and Social Change 1 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In what way did Canal Transportation aid Industrial Revolution? (SA-I : 2019-20)
Answer:
Canals were the answer to moving heavy objects to large distances

9th Class Social 15th Lesson Industrialisation and Social Change 2 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 2.
Why did modem industrialisatfon first occured in Britain only? (SA-III : 2016-17)
(OR)
Why do you think Britain was the first country to Industrialize?
Answer:

• Britain was blessed with modest climate to suit cotton industry.
• There was no scarcity of power.
• There was availability of sufficient raw material.
• Coal and Iron were available in abundance side by side.
• It was convenient to transport the raw material by water.
• There was no dearth of capital and Bank of England was also helpful in raising capital.
• Workers were available in large numbers.
• It was ready to sea trade with a large number of ports.

Question 2.
20th century inventions were hugely influenced by major developments in technology and resources, enabling the inventions of key items and devices which changed the way we live today.
Mention any two inventions one each in transportation and medicine and mention briefly how they changed the way we live today. (SA-II : 2018-19)
Answer:
Transportation :
Aeroplanes, Motor vehicles, Railways, etc.

Medicine:
Anti-biotics, vaccines, chloroforms, Anti-virus, etc. Now-a-days world become a big village by a fastest means of transport. Even long distance also reached in a short time. Due to medicines, the life expectancy of human being is increased.

9th Class Social 15th Lesson Industrialisation and Social Change 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The road-builder John Metacalf, who personally surveyed surfaces for roads and planned them, was blind. The canal builder James Brindley was almost illiterate, with such poor spelling that he could never spell the word ‘navigation’, but he had tremendous powers of memory, imagination and concentration.
Read the paragraph given above and comment on that. (SA-III : 2016-17)
Answer:
According to the above para, if we want to invent a new thing we need more determination, interest, curiosity, even luck, than the application of scientific knowledge. Along with the above, memory, imagination, and concentration also need.

Question 2.
“Good transportation facilities leads to rapid industrialization” – Justify the statement. (SA-I : 2018-19)
Answer:

• Transport system really helps the industry.
• Without transportation, the products made by the industry cannot be sold in distant places.
• The industry has a particular transport system to send their products to places and sell them for profit.
• Without proper transport system, there is risk of damage of products.
• The invention of steam engine reduced the cost of transportation.
• Development of aircraft was useful for fastest means of transport.
• Good transport system leads to rapid industrialization.

Question 3.
Mobile phone – Internet – Computers – Airways
Choose any TWO of the inventions listed above Explain how they changed people’s lives. (SA-I : 2019-20)
Answer:
Mobile Phone:

• Mobile phones have completely changed the way people interact.
• Today, the mobile phone has become part and parcel of many people’s lives.
• You can call, send text messages, read emails, play games as well as read and edit documents.
• Through mobile phone, we can send money quickly to others who are in need.
• It create new market places.
• It help people find jobs.
• It help the farmers to get weather information.

Internet:

• The Internet creates new ways for us to communicate, work and share information.
• The main advantage of the internet is it ability to connect billions of computers and devices to each other.
• By it, we get more information.
• Enjoy virtual field trips.
• It creates assignment convenience and flexibility.

Computer:

• It act as highly reliable scientific equipment.
• They receive and store data and carries out logical and mathematical calculations too to provide fast and accurate results.
• It can store more data.

Airways :

• Through air ways we can reach our destination quickly.
• It transports people, goods, the military equipment around the world.
• It is the fastest means of transport.
• During the time of floods and calamities we can use more airways only to reach the place.
• It is supported to go to remote areas.
• It creates convenience to passengers.

Question 4.
Explain how the condition of the workers steadily declined in the early twentieth century Europe. (SA-I : 2019-20)
Answer:
Conditions of the worker.
1. The aboudance of labour in the market affected.

2. Seasonality of work :
It meant prolonged periods without work.

3. Low Real wages :
Wages are very low.

4. Poverty and Unemployment:
At the mid of 19th century, about 10 percent of Urban population was extremely poor.

The Unemployment rate was very high.

9th Class Social 15th Lesson Industrialisation and Social Change Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is called ‘First Industrial Revolution?
Answer:
The transformation of industry and the economy in Britain between the 1780s and the 1850s is called the “First Industrial Revolution.”

Question 2.
Who used the term ‘Industrial Revolution’?
Answer:
The term ‘Industrial Revolution’ was used by European scholars – Georges Michelet in France and Friedrich Engels in Germany. It was used for the first time in English by the philosopher and economist Arnold Toynbee (1852-83), to describe the changes that occurred in British industrial development between 1760 and 1820.

Question 3.
What were the two main features of cotton industry?
Answer:
From the 1780s, the cotton industry symbolised British industrialisation in many ways. This industry had two features which were also seen in other industries. Raw cotton had to be entirely imported and a large part of the finished cloth was exported to other countries. Britain had its control over the sources of raw cotton as well as the markets. Where they sold cloth. This helped to increase its control over the colonies.

Question 4.
What was the new power source in England?
Answer:
Steam

Question 5.
Which country experienced modern industrialisation for the first time?
Answer:
Britain experienced modern industrialisation for the first time.

Question 6.
Name any bank in England.
Answer:
The Bank of England.

Question 7.
Who were used in coal mines to reach deep coal faces?
Answer:
Children were used in coal mines to reach deep coal faces.

Question 8.
Which countries lacked colonial resources?
Answer:
Germany and France lacked colonial resources.

Question 9.
What is Industrial revolution? Who coined this name?
Answer:

• The economy and industries in Britain changed completely between 1780s and 1850s.
• This phase is known as ‘First Industrial Revolution’.
• The term ‘Industrial Revolution’ was used by European Scholars George Michelet in France and Fredrich Engels in Germany.
• It was used for the first time in English by the Philosopher and economist Arnold Tonybee.

Question 10.
What do you know about the picture?

Answer:
This was the Cast Iron Bridge. It was near Coalbrookdale. It was designed by the third Darby.

Question 11.
What was it? How did it look like?

Answer:
This was James Watt’s steam engine. It was just looking like our present day tractor.

Question 12.
Compare the effects of the coming of the railways in different countries in the world.
Answer:

• The first steam locomotive, Stephenson’s Rocket, appeared in 1814. Railways emerged as a new means of transportation that was available throughout the year, both cheap and fast, to carry passengers and goods.
• They combined two inventions, the iron track which replaced the wooden track in the 1760s, and haulage along it by steam engine.
• The invention of the railways took the entire process of industrialisation to a second stage.
• The first railway line connected the cities of Stockton and Darlington in 1825, a distance of 9 miles that was completed in two hours at speeds of up to 24 kph (15 mph).
• The next railway line connected Liverpool and Manchester in 1830. Within 20 years, speeds of 30 to 50 miles an hour were usual.

Britain :
The railways changed British Society in numerous ways. It is nonetheless clear that the railways had a sizeable impact in many spheres of economic activity and daily life of the people.

Canada :
In Canada, the national government strongly supported railway construction for political goals.

India :
India provides an example of the British empire pouring its money into a very well built system designed for military reasons and with the hope that it would stimulate industry. The system was over built and much too elaborate and expensive for the small amount of freight traffic it carried.

Belgium :
Belgium took the lead in Industrial revolution on the continent starting in the 1820s. It provided an ideal model for showing the value of the railways for speeding the industrial revolution.

France:
In France, railways became a national medium for the modernisation of backward regions. Although starting the whole system at once was politically expedient, it delayed completion and forced even more reliance and temporary experts brought in from Britain.

Germany:
The take-off stage of economic development came with the railroad revolution in the 1840s. As a means of national defence, it facilitates the concentration, distributional direction of the army. It is a means to the improvement of the culture of the nation.

Russians:
It was Americans who brought the technology of railway construction to Russia in 1842. Russia was in need of big transportation system and geographically suited to railroads.

Thus the railways in different countries helped the industrial revolution in transportation.

Question 13.
Read the following passages and answer the given questions.

The Krupp Family

The Krupp family established what was going to become the world’s largest arms factory. This first factory specialised in field gun manufacture and, by 1887, it supplied arms to forty six different countries.

During World War I the Krupp factories made guns for the German artillery.

The Krupps supported Hitler in the German general election of 1933. As Nazi Germany occupied neighbouring countries, Alfred Krupp seized new land to make more factories. Many of these factories used slave-labour from the Nazi concentration camps.

1) What was the name of the family?
Answer:
The ’Krupp’ family.

2) What was the first factory?
Answer:
Gun manufacturing factory.

3) Which World War was mentioned here?
Answer:
First World War.

4) Whom did the Krupps support?
Answer:
The Krupps supported Hitler in the German general election of 1933.

5) Who were the workers in the factories?
Answer:
The slave – labour from the Nazi concentration camps.

Question 14.
Read the following passages and answer the given questions.
Steam power was first used in mining industries. As the demand for coal and metals expanded, efforts to obtain them from ever-deeper mines intensified. Flooding in mines was a serious problem and steam engines were used to drain the mines. But the technology was still very imperfect to be used on a large scale.

James Watt’s (1736-1819) invention converted the steam engine from being a mere pump into a ‘prime mover’ capable of providing energy to power machines in factories. Backed by the wealthy manufacturer Matthew Boulton (1728-1809), Watt created the Soho Foundry in Birmingham in 1775. From this foundry James Watt’s steam engines were produced in steadily growing numbers. By the end of the eighteenth century, Watt’s steam engine was beginning to replace hydraulic power. In 1840, British steam engines were generating more than 70 per cent of all European power.
1) Which power was first used in mining industries?
Answer:
Steam power

2) What was a serious problem?
Answer:
Flooding in mines was a serious problem.

3) Who was the wealthy manufacturer?
Answer:
Matthew Boulton.

4) In which foundry were the Watt’s engines produced?
Answer:
In Soho Foundry in Birmingham.

5) Appreciate the British steam engines.
Answer:
In 1840, British steam engines were generating more than 70% of all European power.

Question 15.
Read the following passages and answer the given questions.
Transportation
The need to transport raw materials and manufactured products led to the improvement of roads and the digging of canals in England. Me Adam devised the method of making ‘pakka’ or ‘macadamamised’ roads.

Canals were initially built to transport coal to cities. This was because the bulk and v/eight of coal made its transport by road much slower and more expensive than by barges on canals. The demand for coal, as industrial energy and for heating and lighting homes in cities, grew constantly. The making of the first English canal, the Worsley Canal (1761) by James Brindley (1716-72), had no other purpose than to carry coal from the coal deposits at Worsley (near Manchester) to that city. After the canal was completed the price of coal fell by half. Thousands of kilometres of canals were built by 1830 and were used to transport commodities cheaply. They were mostly built by landowners to enhance the value of their properties.
1) Which led to the improvement of roads and the digging of canals in England?
Answer:
The need to transport raw materials and manufactured products led to the improvement of roads and the digging of canals in England.

2) Which were initially built?
Answer:
Canals were initially built to transport.

3) Which grew constantly?
Answer:
The demand for coal, as industrial energy and for heating and lighting homes in cities, grew constantly.

4) What is the name of first English canal?
Answer:
Worsley Canal.

5) What was the interest of land owners in building the first canal?
Answer:
They were interested in enhancing the values of their properties.

6) Who built this canal?
Answer:
James Brindley.

Question 16.
Observe the following picture and answer the given questions.

Woman in gilt-button factory, Birmingham. In the 1850s, two thirds of the workforce in the button trade was women and children. Men received 25 shillings a week, women 7 shillings and children one shilling each, for the same hours of work.
1) Who was she?
Answer:
She was a woman in gilt-button factory.

2) Where was the factory?
Answer:
It was in Birmingham.

3) Which year did the picture belonged to?
Answer:
It belonged to the 1850s.

4) What were the earnings of the workers?
Answer:
Men – 25 shillings a week
Women – 07 shillings a week
Children – 01 shilling a week

5) Is there any difference in the working time?
A. No, it was equal to all.

Question 17.
Read the following passages and answer the questions given below.

The Workers

A survey in 1842 revealed that the average lifespan of workers was lower than that of any other social group in cities: it was 15 years in Birmingham, 17 in Manchester, 21 in Derby. More people died, and died at a younger age, in the new industrial cities, than in the villages they had come from. Half the children failed to survive beyond the age of five. The increase in the population of cities was because of immigrants, rather than by an increase in the number of children born to families who already lived there.

Deaths were primarily caused by epidemics of disease that sprang from the pollution of water, like cholera and typhoid, or of the air, like tuberculosis. More than 31,000 people died from an outbreak of cholera in 1832. Until late in the nineteenth century, municipal authorities were negligent in attending to these dangerous conditions of life. The medical knowledge to understand and cure these diseases was unknown.
1) When was the survey conducted?
Answer:
In 1842.

2) What was the average lifespan?
Answer:
It was 15 years in Birhingham, 17 in Manchester, and 21 in Derby.

3) What was the cause of the increase in population?
Answer:
The increase in the population of cities was because of immigrants, rather than by an increase in the number of children born to families who already lived there.

4) What are the diseases mentioned here?
Answer:
Cholera, Typhoid, and Tuberculosis.

5) Why were the municipal authorities negligent in attending to these diseases?
Answer:
The medical knowledge to understand and cure these diseases was unknown.

Question 18.
Read the lesson and prepare any four questions relating to it.
Answer:

• How can we say that England was fortunate?
• What was the serious problem in mines?
• Whom was the first locomotive connected to?
• Why did the Krupp family establish the world’s largest arms factory?

Question 19.
What were the relative advantages of canal and railway transportation?
Answer:

• Both were used to transport commodities cheaply.
• Both enhanced the values of the properties.
• The invention and usage took the entire process of industrialisation to a second stage.
• Both reduced the time taken to travel between two places.

Question 20.
Why was Britain the first country to experience modern industrialisation?
Answer:
Reasons:

1. Political stability
2. Modest climate
3. Availability of continuous water power
4. Transportation facilities
5. Abundant wealth
6. Availability of labour
7. Invention of machinery.

Question 21.
Write the favourable conditions which helped the inventions.
Answer:
It is interesting to read about the individuals who brought about these changes during industralisation. Few of them were trained scientists. Education in basic sciences like physics or chemistry was extremely limited until the late nineteenth century, even after the technological inventions described above. Since these inventions did not require a full knowledge of the laws of physics or chemistry on which they were based, advances in science could be and were made by brilliant, intuitive thinkers and persistent experimenters.

They were helped by the fact that England had certain features which other European countries did not. Dozens of scientific journals and published papers of scientific societies appeared in England between 1760 and 1800. There was a widespread thirst for knowledge even in the smaller towns. This was met by the activities of the Society of Arts (founded in 1754), by travelling lecturers, or in ‘coffee houses’ that multiplied through the eighteenth century.

Question 22.
Appreciate the efforts of German to become an Industrialised state.
Answer:

• Germany (erstwhile Prussia) exploited its rich coal fields (Silesia and Rhineland – the Rhur) and iron deposits (Bohemia) to flourish in steel industry.
• With the invention of electric dynamo, they lead electric industry in the world.
• Unification in 1871 made access to iron from Lorraine fields of iron from France.
• Government encouraged industry by providing road/rail transports and markets also.
• It also focused on arnament industry.
• Large banks provided the capital needed.
• By the beginning of 20^th century, Germany had developed a powerful industrial base.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 8 Service Activities in India.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions 8th Lesson Service Activities in India

9th Class Social 8th Lesson Service Activities in India 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
‘Service sector is beyond the other two sectors in providing employment’.
“Ramesh is a self employee who established an internet centre after completion of B.Tech. He also provided employment for two more persons”.
‘Service sector plays key role in providing employment’ comment on it. (SA-III : 2015-16)
Answer:
Yes. Services sector plays key role in providing employment by the following ways.

1. There has been tremendous change in the communication technology which has opened a wide range of jobs for educated people.
2. Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) has brought in new kinds of employment opportunities.
3. They provide services to people located across the globe using telecommunication links.
4. The entertainment industry creates jobs to work in various print media firms, cable television channels.
5. We see number of internet cafes and telephone booths in most of the cities and towns.
6. The advertising industry has also brought new job opportunities.
7. Many new jobs are available in Banking and insurance sectors.

Hence service sector can reduce educated unemployment in our country.

Question 2.
The table below shows the number of workers (in lakhs) employed in different service activities in large government enterprises in 1991 and 2010. Study the table and answer the question given below. (SA-II : 2018-19)

a) Which service activity provided least employment?
b) Write any two jobs related to community, social and personal services.
c) What kind of service activity jobs have shown maximum decrease in 2010?
d) What kind of service activity jobs has government-generated most in 2010?
Answer:
a) Wholesale and retail trade

b)

1. Washing and drycleaning work
2. Beauty treatment
3. Tailoring work
4. Barbour work (Hair cutting)
5. Who runs the photo studio.

c) Transport, storage and communications.

d) Finance, insurance, real estate etc.

9th Class Social 8th Lesson Service Activities in India Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How is service sector different from other sectors?
Answer:

• Other sectors, agriculture and industry produce goods that are tangible.
• But service activities do not produce any tangible good.
• But service activities fulfill the needs cater the requirements of people or organisations.
• They are also essential for agriculture and industrial activities.
• Non-production of commodity or good is the essential nature of service sector.

Question 2.
Is service sector, the heaven of dream jobs?
Answer:

• No, I don’t think so.
• Dream jobs in service sector are at a rate of one in tens of thousands of jobs.
• Remaining, especially uneducated and less educated do jobs with meagre wages.
• Those who have dreams are also under constant pressure and job stress.

Question 3.
Read the following case history and answer the following questions.

1) What was the position of the family before getting a job?
Answer:
Earlier there were a lot of financial problems in the family – his brothers and sisters were not able to study properly due to this.

2) What is his family’s financial position now?
Answer:
Working in software has added comfort to his life, and his brothers and sisters are able to study properly now.

3) Is the individual happy with his lifestyle?
Answer:

• He is earning good salary and that added comfort to his life.
• But at the same time the job is very stressful and his life is mechanical.
• He is missing his village, neighbours and relatives.

Question 4.
What is the work going on here in the given picture? Describe it in five sentences.
Answer:

1. It is a call centre job.
2. A call centre is an office where people work answering or making telephone calls for a particular company or customer regarding certain information.
3. The information may be regarding customer’s bank deposits or about their hospital records.
4. There will be three shifts and employees may have to work during nights too.
5. Salaries are high and at the same time lots and lots of stress in the job can be experienced.

Question 5.
What services, in your opinion, are desired today?
Answer:

• India faces an acute shortage of skilled human resources in the health sector. So health services are desired today.
• More infrastructure service is the need of the hour. So roads, hospitals and educational institutions are to be set up.
• We need good storage facilities as well as credit facilities.
• New economic policies in India shall emphasize the expansion of service activities.

Question 6.
Why do you think more people are engaged in low income service activities today?
Answer:

• With lack of job opportunities many people today are employed in low income services.
• Closure of factories forced workers to work as small vendors, rickshaw pullers and other low income service professions.
• People from rural areas are not getting opportunities in urban areas.
• They shift to many unskilled low earning employment opportunities in services.

Question 7.
Many unskilled have low earning employment opportunities in service sector. State your opinion.
Answer:

• People from rural areas come to work in the city but there are not enough employment opportunities in urban areas.
• Hence most of the unskilled are earning their livelihood as small vendors, rickshaw pullers, etc.
• They are unable to make both ends meet.

Question 8.
New job opportunities are depressing the employees. Comment on it (especially in IT).
Answer:

• New jobs are providing good salaries but the employees are also expected to work very long hours.
• The life is very stressful and mechanical.
• There is no social life.
• These jobs definitely depress the employees.

Question 9.
What measures are taken by companies to reduce cost and avoid paying benefits to workers?
Answer:

• In order to reduce cost and avoid paying health, pension and provident fund benefits to workers, industries ‘outsource’ security services to security agencies.
• Many companies outsource their work for research and development, accounting, legal services, customer service, public relations etc.

Question 10.
Many people work in service jobs. Few people do voluntary service. What measures would you take to distinct them?
Answer:

• Voluntary service means that is done free of cost or out of love and devotion.
• It doesn’t contribute to their livelihood.
• They have other occupation but do this as charity.
• On the otherhand, the people who work in service sector earn livelihood through it.
• They do specialised services required for people or organisations.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 19 Expansion of Democracy.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions 19th Lesson Expansion of Democracy

9th Class Social 19th Lesson Expansion of Democracy 1 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The map below shows the democratic countries that existed between 1900 and 1950. (SA-II : 2018-19)

Answer:
Canada, Great Britain, U.S.A., Alaska, Peru, Chile, etc

Question 2.
Name the country which is marked by “A”. (SA-II : 2016-17)

Answer:
Russia.

9th Class Social 19th Lesson Expansion of Democracy 2 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Do you think our country has a liberal democratic political system? Give your reasons? (SA-II : 2016-17)
Answer:
Yes, our country has a liberal democratic political system by following methods.

1. Free and fair regular elections.
2. Written constitution.
3. Equality before law.
4. Universal Adult Franchise etc.

9th Class Social 19th Lesson Expansion of Democracy Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Compare the struggles for democracy in Libya and Burma on the following aspects
A) Leadership
B) Nature of struggle
C) Process of transition.
Answer:

Question 2.
Read the following information and answer the questions given below.
Events and year of occurrence

1) Which of the above two countries first became independent? And when did it happen?
Answer:
Burma was the first country to get independence. And she got it in 1948.

2) Who was the dictator that ruled over Libya?
Answer:
“Gaddafi” ruled over Libya.

3) Who was Aung San?
Answer:
Aung San was the leader of Nationalist movement in Burma.

4) Which of the two countries became democratic first?
Answer:
Burma in 2010.

5) Where are the two countries located?
Answer:
Libya is in Africa and Burma is in Asia.

Question 3.
What are “economic sanctions” ? How do they work on any country’s economy?
Answer:

• Economic sanctions are restrictions imposed on any country regarding imports and exports.
• Import of goods from that country will be banned.
• Export of goods to that country will be stopped.
• Due to that the country’s economy will generally be effected.

Question 4.
What are the steps taken by “the UNO” with regard to Libya or Burma?
Answer:

• The UNO intervened and supported rebels by declaring Libya to be a “No fly zone”.
• Later with the help of US, Britain and France it bombarded the government positions in Libya.
• As a result a new government was formed in on 14th Nov. 2012,
• “Economic Sanctions” were imposed to put pressure on rulers.
• An election was held under the observation of the UNO in 2010.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 7 Industries in India.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions 7th Lesson Industries in India

9th Class Social 7th Lesson Industries in India 1 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Study the map given below and answer the following question. (SA-II : 2018-19)

Q : Where in Karnataka are the steel plants located?
Answer:
Vijayanagar and Bhadravathi are the two places has steel plants in Karnataka.

9th Class Social 7th Lesson Industries in India 2 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Draw a bargraph based on the given information. (SA-III : 2015-16)

Answer:

Question 2.
The pie charts below show the percentage of people employed in Agriculture. Industry and service sectors. Read the pie charts carefully to answer the question.

How did the pattern of employment change between 1972-73 and 2009-2010? (SA-II : 2018-19)
Answer:

1. The employment generation in agricultural sector has been decreased from 74% in 1972-73 to 53% in 2009-10.
2. The employment generation in industrial sector has been increased from 11% in 1972-73 to 22% in 2009-10.
3. The employment generation in service sector has shown an increase of 10%.

9th Class Social 7th Lesson Industries in India 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Observe the ‘Pie Chart’ and answer the following questions. (SA-III : 2015-16)

Answer the following Questions.
1. What does the above given graph denotes?
2. What is the percentage of change in employment by industry when compare between 1972-73 and 2009-10?
3. Which sector generated highest employment in 2009-10?
4. Write any two occupations regarding service sector?
Answer:

1. The above graph explains % of employment in different sectors.
2. From 1972-73 to 20019-10 the change in employment in Industrial sector is from 11% to 22%.
3. Agricultural sector.
4. Doctor, lawyer, teacher, banking, commerce, communications etc. are the occupations in the sector.

Question 2.
“Industries are necessary for the development of a nation. It is also fact that industrial activities are increasing environmental problems” – Write your opinions on this matter in detail. (SA-III : 2016-17)
Answer:
Industries are necesary for the development of a nation by the following ways.

1. When goods made in factories and exported to other countries, we get revenue.
2. A few decades before, three-fourths of income from goods exported from manufacturing industries alone.
3. Even today, nearly two-third of goods exports is contributed by industries and particularly small industries.
4. Factory goods exported range from gems, jewellery, chemicals, cars, machinery, cashewnuts, etc.
5. The money or foreign exchange earned in this process enable us to import from other countries a large number of goods that we want from other countries.

At the same time industrial activities are increasing environmental pollution by the following ways.

1. The production process in industries involves the use of electricity and application of different chemicals.
2. In the course of production, these industries release a lot of other materials. They are causing pollution in the industrial locations.
3. The industrialization led to the indiscriminate exploitation of minerals, forests, soils, air, etc.
4. It leads to deforestation and damages the natural habitat of animals.
5. Underground water is being contaminated due to the release of wastes by the industries.
6. Some animals are endangered and some creatures have become extinct.
7. The depletion of ozone layer, pollution of water, air, soil has increased ecological problems.

Question 3.
Mixing of some poisonous substances in air, water and soil causes to ‘ecological crisis’ – give your suggestions to prevent this problems as a student. (SA-II : 2017-18)
Answer:
Pollution prevention is a major global concern because of the harmful effects of pollution on a person’s health and on the environment.
Suggestions:

1. Stop smoking or at least follow the “No smoking” sign.
2. Never use open fires to dispose of wastes.
3. Instead of using your cars, choose to walk or ride a bicycle whenever possible.
4. Adopt the BRs. of solid waste management, reduce, reuse and recycle.
5. Use eco-friendly or biodegradable materials instead of plastic.
6. Do not cause loud noises and unwanted sounds to avoid noise pollution.
7. Industries should use fuel with lower sulphur content.
8. Industries should strictly follow applicable government regulations on pollution control.

Conclusion :
Breathing is life. We know that we will survive without food for several weeks and without water for few days, but without oxygen, we will die in a matter of minutes.

The oxygen, the air we breathe sustains us. So, let us make today and every day a good day for everyone.

Question 4.

Read the above pie chart and answer the following questions. (SA-II : 2017-18)
1. What does the pie chart tell us?
2. Which sector provide the highest percentage of employment?
3. In which sector employment increased twice?
4. By 2009-10 which sector was the second piace in empioyment?
Answer:

1. Pie chart tells us the percentage of employment in different sectors from 1972-73 to 2009-10 years.
2. Agriculture sector provide highest percentage of employment.
3. In Industrial sector employment increased twice.
4. By 2009-10, the services sector is in second place in employment.

Question 5.
When people buy groceries, they may have their groceries packed in plastic bags, paper bags, or cloth bags they bring with them.
Which type of grocery bag is the best to help protect the environment?
a) Plastic
b) Paper
c) Cloth
Explain in what way your choice of bag can help protect the environment.
Answer:

• My choice is paper bag and cloth bag. Both are best to use.
• We should not use plastic bags as they are threat to environment.
• Plastic bags are not eco – friendly: They won’t decompose quickly, if you burn them also it will take time to mix with soil.
• Recently in Vijayawada, some areas of the city drowned in rainwater because all the sewage drains were filled with bunches of plastic bags.
• But paper and cloth bags will decompose in very short period and completely eco friendly.
• Paper bags made by wood pulp it may cause deforestation.
• Cloth bags made of cotton, quickly it decomposes.

9th Class Social 7th Lesson Industries in India Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why are the infrastructure facilities important in establishing industries?
Answer:

• Building of roads, good transport facilities, power supply and telephone connections, etc. can be termed as infrastructural facilities.
• Factories need raw materials. These raw materials are to be transported to the factory sites. Hence good road ways and other facilities are needed.
• Factories need power to run machines. Hence all infrastructure facilities are needed.

Question 2.
Why are industries important?
Answer:
In industrial sector, the raw materials are worked upon by people and changed using tools and machines to produce a good that can be useful.
The importance of industries :
i) Industries provide a wide range of products :
There are plenty of goods made in factories. Ranging from paper and other stationery, fridges to cars, batteries, bulbs and other electrical appliances.

ii) Industries are expected to employ a large section of people looking for jobs :

1. Generating employment to work in factories is generally considered as one of the indicators of development and improvement of well being of people.
2. Employment in industries has increased from 11% in 1972-73 to 22% in 2009-10.

iii) Industries are important source of export incomes:

1. We earn a lot of foreign exchange by selling industrial goods to foreign countries.
2. Even today, nearly two-thirds of goods exported is contributed by industries.

Question 3.
What were the restrictions introduced by the government during the early years of industrialization?
Answer:

• Many industrial activities were allowed only for small producers. For example, production of cloth of specific quality was restricted to handlooms.
• Government made laws so that the large factory owners get prior permission or license to set up factories. This was done so that there would be better planning.
• The government regulated the quantity of goods produced by factories.
• The price at which they can be sold was also fixed.

All these restrictions were introduced keeping in view the welfare of the people.

Question 4.
Industrial policies of the early years became hindrance to the growth of industry. Explain.
Answer:

• Entrepreneurs were required to follow so many procedures and had to wait for many years to get the approval from the government offices.
• Licenses were not given to the most efficient producers.
• The selection was biased in favour of people with political connections and the economically powerful.
• All this discouraged new entrepreneurs who would work with latest technology available.
• Further control on prices led to shortage of goods. E.g.: Scooters.
• Such shortages were common for important basic goods like coal and cement, which in turn caused a lot of delay in production of other goods.
• Another problem was lack of quality of some of goods.
• There were restrictions on the import and export of industrial goods including machinery and raw materials.
• Prices were laid down by the government and the producers had to sell only at that price.
  So the above restrictions acted as hindrance to the growth of industry.

Question 5.
Write about the impact of industrial policies.
Answer:
The following are the impacts of industrial policies of government.
i) Rise in the number of industrial units:
Today nearly 2 lakh large factories and 3 crore small factories are operating in India.

ii) Employment has increased but less than expected:
Both small and large scale employ nearly about one-fifth of India’s 460 million workers.

iii) Low salaries and less working conditions:
A large section of workers are employed in small units which generally pay very low salary and devoid of workers safety conditions and health benefits.

iv) Production of factory-based goods has increased:
Establishment of basic industries resulted in increased production of factory based goods.

1. The production of coal and lignite has increased from 32 million tons in 1950-51 to 571 million tons in 2010-11.
2. The production of steel has increased from 10 million tones in 1980-81 to 70 million tons in 2010-11.
3. There was also a significant increase in the production of crude oil and cement etc.

v) Increase in environmental problems, land conflicts and pollution:
These industries release a lot of waste materials into the atmosphere and into the tanks and wells causing lots of air pollution and damaging water resources. The air pollution is causing skin diseases and respiratory diseases.

Question 6.
At the time of independence what were the objectives that were desired to be achieved through industrialization?
Answer:

1. After 1947, India began many initiatives to promote industrial activities in the country.
2. Major objectives were – to become self-sufficient in meeting our needs and to make the country an industrially developed nation.

Question 7.
Where should the sugar and jaggery mills be ideally located?
Answer:
The sugar and jaggery milis should be ideally located near the crop grown areas.

Question 8.
Where would it be economically viable to set up the cement manufacturing units?
Answer:
Cement manufacturing units can be established near the areas where the raw materials are available in bulk.

Raw materials :
Limestone, silica, alumina, gypsum, coal and electric power and transportation facilities.

Question 9.
Name the important centres of cotton textiles in Gujarat.
Answer:
Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Surat, Rajkot and Porbandar.

Question 10.
Where are the silk textile industries located in Jammu and Kashmir?
Answer:
In Baramula, Srinagar and Anantanag.

Question 11.
What are the basic requirements of industrialization?
Answser:

• Industrialization means to develop a large number of different factories.
• For industrialization, we have certain basic requirements.
• They are machines, electricity, minerals and ores and transport facilities.

Question 12.
What factors influence the selection of an industrial location?
Answer:

• Industrial locations are complex in nature.
• These are influenced by raw material labour, capital, power, and market, etc.
• It is rarely possible to find all these factors available at one place.
• So industries are located where these factors even can be arranged at lower cost.

Question 13.
What is an agrobased industry?
Answer:
The industries which are based on agricultural products are called ‘agrobased industries’.

Question 14.
Why do you think cotton textile industry is concentrated in Maharashtra and Gujarat?
Answer:

• Many factors support the concentration of cotton textile industry in Maharashtra and Gujarat.
• Availability of raw cotton, market, transport including accessible port facilities, moist climate etc. are some factors.
• Apart from these, availability of abundunt electricity at cheap prices and availability of skilled and unskilled labour in abundance add to those factors.
• These places also have investment supports from Banks and international market demands.
• Above factors help the flourishing of cotton textile industry in Maharashtra and Gujarat.

Question 15.
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.

1) What is the industry mentioned in the above passage?
Answer:
Jute industry.

2) What are the challenges faced by the industry?
Answer:
Challenges faced by the industry include stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes and from other competitors like Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and Thailand.

3) When was National Jute Policy formulated?
Answer:
In 2005.

4) Name the main markets mentioned in the passage.
Answer:
USA, Canada, Russia, United Arab Republic, UK and Australia.

5) To stimulate demand, the products need to be
Answer:
diversified.

Question 16.
Discuss what is meant by the word “basic”? What are the basic necessities for industries?
Answer:

• “Basic” means the things that are basically necessary.
• The basic necessities for setting up any industries are machines, electricity, minerals and ores and infrastructural facilities like transport, telephone, etc.

Question 17.
Today West Bengal is the dominant state in Jute Industry. How is it able to become like that?
Answer:

• Most Jute mills in India are in West Bengal, mainly along the banks of the Hugli river 98 km long and 3 km wide.
• Hugli basin is in proximity of Jute producing areas, inexpensive water transport, supported by a good network of railways, roadways and waterways to facilitate movement of raw materials to mills.
• Abundant water for processing of raw jute, cheap labour from West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh.
• Kolkata provides banking, insurance and port facilities for export of jute goods.
• It provides direct or indirect employment to more than 40 lakh people.

Question 18.
Name the problems that are faced in the Iron and Steel industry?
Answer:

• It needs huge capital investment, which is difficult for developing country India.
• Indian technology is now far behind the advanced countries.
• Low per capita productivity and low potential utilization are to be addressed.
• Even at a low per capita consumption, demand for our production is not sufficient.
• Now we are importing iron and steel by spending precious foreign exchange.
• All the above problems needed to be solved.

Question 19.
Locate the following industrial cities on the outline map of India. City

Question 20.
Observe the following map and answer the questions given below.

1) Where do you find both cotton and woollen textiles?
Answer:
In Ahmedabad and Kanpur.

2) What is the South India state famous for silk textiles?
Answer:
Karnataka.

3) Name the important centres of cotton textiles in Gujarat.
Answer:
Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Surat, Rajkot and Porbandar.

4) Which type of textile industries are in major position in Maharashtra?
Answer:
Cotton textile industries.

5) Where are the silk textile industries located in Jammu and Kashmir?
AIn Baramula, Srinagar and Anantanag.

Question 21.
Observe the following map.

Now answer the questions given below.
1) What are the minerals mentioned in the map?
Answer:
Iron ore, manganese, bauxite and mica.

2) In which states do you find iron ore mines?
Answrr:
Maharashtra, Karnataka, Odisha and Chattisgarh.

3) What are the iron ore ex-porting ports mentioned in the map?
Answer:Visakhapatnam, Managalore, Marmagao and Paradwip.

4) Where can we find mica in Andhra Pradesh?
Answer:
In Nellore.

5) What is the mineral found in Rajasthan?
A. Mica.

Question 22.
Observe the following map.

Now answer the questions given below.
1) Which state is Raniganj coal mine located in?
Answer:
West Bengal

2) Where is the coal field located in Tamilnadu?
Answer:
Neyveli

3) Name the important coal mine of Telangana.
Answer:
Singareni

4) What is the coa! field that belongs to Chattisgarh?
Answer:
Korba

Question 23.
What steps are to be taken to reduce the problems of pollution?
Answer:

• We should stop effluent flow into water bodies.
• Provide safety drinking wafer to the affected villages.
• Continuous vigilance in discharge of effluents.
• Medical care to pollution victims.
• Cancellation of licence to pollution causing industries.

Question 24.
What measures would you suggest to overcome the problems of Textile Industry?
Answer:

• Care should be taken to increase the supply of raw material.
• Obsolute machinery which resulting in low productivity and inferior quality should be replaced.
• Government should provide adequate power to textile industry.
• Care should be taken that textile industry shall not lost in the stiff competition with power loom and synthetic fiber products.
• Many textile mills are sick, government should help them run properly.

Question 25.
What suggestions would you make to improve jute industry?
Answer:

• The best way to solve the problems of jute industry is to increase production.
• There is an urgent need to replace the old machinery.
• Jute mills are needed to be modernized.
• New Jute products are to be developed.
• The product range of jute is to be diversified.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 14 Democratic and Nationalist Revolutions 19th Century.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions 14th Lesson Democratic and Nationalist Revolutions 17th and 18th Centuries

9th Class Social 14th Lesson Democratic and Nationalist Revolutions 19th Century 1 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How do you appreciate the Cavours role in unification of Italy? (SA-II : 2017-18)
Answer:
Cavour’s work in the Unification of Italy is appreciable.
He unify the regions of Italy through a tactful diplomatic alliance with France and he worked neither a revolutionary nor a democrat.

Question 2.
Who formed ‘Young Italy’? Why? (SA-I : 2019-20)
Answer:
Young Italy was formed by Joseph Mazzini.
The main reason is to unified Italy and would touch off a European wide revolutionary movement.

9th Class Social 14th Lesson Democratic and Nationalist Revolutions 19th Century 2 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.

Read the map given above and answer the following questions. (SA-III : 2016-17)
1. Mention the names of any two islands that are shown in the map?
2. The states which are shown above, are parts of which country now?
Answer:
1. Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily.
2. At present the states which are shown in map are related to the country Italy.

Question 2.
What were the political, social, and economic ideas supported by the liberals in France in the beginning of 19th century? (SA-I : 2018-19)
Answer:
Political, social, and economic ideas supported by liberals.
→ Freedom for the individual.
→ Equality of all before the law.
→ Concept of government by consent.
→ End of autocracy and privileges of the church.
→ Constitution and representative government through parliament.
→ Inviolability of private property.

Question 3.
With reference to the Unification of Germany, answer the following questions. (SA-I : 2019-20)
i) Which country took leadership for Unification of Germany?
Answer:
Prussia.

ii) With what 3 countries did Bismarck go to war to achieve German unification?
Answer:
Denmark, Austria, and France.

9th Class Social 14th Lesson Democratic and Nationalist Revolutions 19th Century 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The French women fought for which rights ? in the context of India, were the women given all these rights? Write your analysis. (SA-I : 2018-19)
Answer:
French women fought for Right to vote, Right ot contest to Legislature, and Right to capture political power.
Then in the context of India all Indian women who are eligible, get all the above rights. Even though in the issue of gaining above the rights some negligence is there in India.

1. Representation of women in legislature is very less.
2. Women Reservation bill is still not approved in Lok Sabha.
3. Very less women are in political posts.

Question 2.
Describe the process of Italian Unification in 19th Century. (SA-II : 2018-19)
Answer:
Unification of Italy :
I Stage :
In 1830s Guiseppe Mazzini had sought to put together a coherent programme for a Unitary Italian Republic.
He had also formed a secret society called Young Italy for the dissemination of his goals.

II Stage :

• Prime Minister Cavour who led the movement to unify the regions of Italy, was neither a revolutionary nor a democrat.
• Through a tactful diplomatic alliance with France, he defeated Austria.

III Stage :

• Under the leadership of Garibaldi, a large number of Red Shirts army joined the fray.
• In 1860 they marched into South Italy and the kingdom of the Two Sicilies and succeeded in winning the support of the local peasants in order to drive out the Spanish rulers.

IV Stage :
Finally, Victor Emmanel II occupied Rome, and Unification of Italy completed. In 1871 Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of unified Italy.

9th Class Social 14th Lesson Democratic and Nationalist Revolutions 19th Century Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write about Jacobins constitution.
Answer:

• Under the Jacobian constitution, all people were given the right to vote and the right to insurrection.
• The constitution stated that the Government must provide the people with work or livelihood.
• The happiness of all was proclaimed as the aim of government.
• The government abolished slavery.
• Hence the Jacobians was the first genuinely democratic constitution in history.

Question 2.
How did nationalism and the idea of the nation-state emerge?
Answer:

• A nation state was one in which the majority of its citizens came to develop a sense of common identity and shared common history.
• This commonness did not exist from time immemorial, it was forged through struggles, through the actions of leaders and the common man.
• The French revolution gave the term “nation” its modern meaning.
• A nation is not the territory but the people who make it.
• The French revolution gave the meaning of sovereignty that the people constituting the nation are the source of all power and authority.
• Government is answerable to its people.

All these ideals led to the formation of the nation-states.

Question 3.
Discuss the importance of language and popular traditions in the creation of national identity.
Answer:

• Language and popular traditions are important in the creation of national identity.
• National identity means people feeling that they belong to a nation irrespective of their caste, religion, colour, etc.
• The language makes people identify themselves as a one race or a nation.
• Also, the popular traditions such as Roman culture and tradition etc. easily attracted the people and strengthened the national integrity.

Question 4.
In what ways do you think could the French revolutionaries help the other people of Europe to become nations?
Answer:

• I think the French revolutionaries could help the other people of Europe to become nations.
• The French revolutionaries fought for the principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity.
• They proved that France was not just a territory but the French people.
• The revolutionaries further declared that it was the mission and the destiny of the French nation to liberate the peoples of Europe from despotism, in other words, to help other people of Europe to become nations.

Question 5.
Do you think the anti-Nizam movement was a nationalist movement like French revolution? Compare the similarities and differences between the two movements.
Answer:

• Anti-Nizam movement was a nationalist movement like French Revolution.
• Both these were against the rulers at that time.
• The revolutionaries in French revolution became violent at times, whereas the activists in anti-Nizam movements suffered a lot in the hands of Nizam army.

Question 6.
Why do you think liberal democracy was reluctant to give right to vote to women and propertyless men?
Answer:

• Liberals did not ensure universal right to vote for all the people.
• Right to vote and get elected was given only to property – owing men.
• Men without property and all the women were not given any political rights.

Question 7.
In what ways were the liberals different from the conservative monarchists and how were they different from the radical poor?
Answer:

• Liberals believe that government should work by consent of people.
• Liberals believe people should have equal freedom and all are equal before law.
• Constitutional Monarchists believe in privilege of rich landlords and powers of monarch.
• They want to use modernization as a tool to increase control over the state.
• Radical poor wanted to bring change in the order with a reign of terror.

Question 8.
Why do you think were defeated by the conservatives?
Answer:

• Liberals talked of political democracy only and no equality was propogated.
• They did not even supported universal franchise and equality before law.
• But conservatives used modernization to have greater control overstate.
• They wanted to abolish serfdom and federalism and installation of modern army, dynamic economy, etc.

Question 9.
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.

1) What was the first genuinely framed constitution in the world?
Answer:
Jacobin’s constitution was the first genuinely framed constitution in the world.

2) Why was the Jaccobians constituion called the first genuinely framed constitution?
Answer:
1) The Jacobin’s constitution gave the right to vote to all citizens.
2) The constitution stated that the government must provide the people with work. Hence it was called the first genuinely framed constitution in the world.

3) Who was the dictator that ruled over France during early 19th century?
Answer:
Napoleon.

4) When were the revolutions occurred in France in the early 19th century?
Answer:
In 1830 and 1848, the France experienced revolutions.

5) When was the Republic proclaimed in france?
Answer:
The Republic was proclaimed in France in 1871 A.D.

Question 10.
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.

1) Name the Alpine regions is the Habsburg Empire.
Answer:
The Tyrol, Austria and the Sudetenland, and Bohemia were the Alpine region.

2) In which language did the aristocracy speak in the Alphine region?
Answer:
The Aristocracy in the Alphine spoke in German.

3) What were the Italian speaking provinces of the Habsburg Empire?
Answer:
Lombardy and Venetia were Italian provinces.

4) A mass of subject peasant people lived in the empire. Name them.
Answer:
Bohemians, Slovaks, Slovens, Croats, and Roumans were peasant people that lived in the empire.

Question 11.
Why do you think conservatism needs to curb freedom to express one’s opinion and criticise?
Answer:

• Conservatism is the dominance of society by an aristocracy. It is incompatible with democracy, prosperity, and civilization in general.
• The conservatives did not tolerate criticism and dissent and sought to curb activities that questioned the legitimacy of autocratic governments.
• They imposed censorship laws to control the ideas of liberty and freedom associated with the French Revolution.

Question 12.
Read the following information and answer the questions given below.

a) What are the demand of middle classes? (SA-III : 2016-17)
Answer:
The demands of middle classes were

1. Constitution and
2. Representative government.

b) With the invasion on which country, did Napoleanic wars begin? (SA-III : 2016-17)
Answer:
Nepoleonic wars begin with invasion of Italy.

c) In which year was the Vienna peace conference held? (SA-I : 2018-19)
Answer:
Vienna Peace Conference was held in 1815 A.D.

d) Who was ruling France during the 1848 revolution? (SA-I : 2018-19)
Answer:
Louis Phillippe.

e) Who completed the unification of Italy? (SA-I : 2018-19)
Answer:
Victor Immanuel-ll, completed the Unification of Italy.

f) The Greek struggle for independence started in which year? (SA-I : 2018-19)
Answer:
1821 A.D.

g) When did Napoleon invade Italy?
Answer:
Napoleon invaded Italy in 1797 AD.

h) When was the Vienna Peace Settlement signed?
Answer:
The Vienna Peace Settlement was signed in 1815 A.D.

i) What were the two nations that united in the mid 19th centuries?
Answer:
Italy and Germany were the two nations that united in the mid 19th century.

j) Who revolted against economic hardship?
Answer:
Industrial workers and peasants revolted against economic hardship.

k) What were the demands of the middle class in 1848 revolt?
Answer:
The middle class demanded constitutions and representative governments.

Question 13.
Do you think our country has a liberal democratic political system? Give your reasons.
Answer:

• In India supreme power rests with the people.
• India is a republic country.
• Everyone is equal before law.
• Every citizen of 18 years and above has the right to vote.
• Any citizen is eligible to contest for any political office.

Hence we can say India has liberal democratic political system.

Question 14.
Point out the following on the Europe map.

1. Corsica
2. Sardinia
3. Poland
4. Germany
5. France

Question 15.
Locate the following on the Europe map.

1. Hungary
2. Serbia
3. London

Question 16.
What is the caricature? What does it represent?
Answer:

• A funny drawing of someone that makes them look silly or sometimes criticizes someone.
• It usually tells us about an incident or a person of that age.
• It symbolizes the wrong practices or criticizes that person on that grounds or informs us about the other side of that person.