Students can go through AP State Board 10th Class Social Studies Notes Chapter 7 People and Settlement to understand and remember the concept easily.
AP State Board Syllabus 10th Class Social Studies Notes Chapter 7 People and Settlement
→ The way we organize ourselves and our living spaces in a place is called a settlement – that is, the geographic space where we live and work.
→ For about 1.8 lakh years humans lived in bands as hunter-gatherers. They did not practice agriculture.
→ Only 10,000 years ago, some bands took to the deliberate production of food- agriculture.
→ As hunter-gatherers, they were nomadic but as agriculturists, they were increasingly sedentary.
→ As agriculture progressed, people organized their life around patterns observed in nature.
→Rulers began to encourage craftspersons to settle in urban areas. Urban settlements i. e., towns where people did not work in agriculture expanded.
→ The way we organize ourselves and our living spaces in a place is called a settlement – that is, the geographic space where we live and work.
→ For about 1.8 lakh years humans lived in bands as hunter-gatherers. They did not practice agriculture.
→ Only 10,000 years ago, some bands took to the deliberate production of food- agriculture.
→ As hunter-gatherers, they were nomadic but as agriculturists, they were increasingly sedentary.
→ As agriculture progressed, people organized their life around patterns observed in nature.
→ Rulers began to encourage craftspersons to settle in urban areas. Urban settlements i.e., towns where people did not work in agriculture expanded.
→ Many goods were produced for the market and sold to traders who carried them to far-off places.
→ In 1951 the population of Delhi was about 20,00,000 and during the last 60 years, it has grown 8 times.
→ There were different types of slum areas or areas of the poor in the city. They were unauthorized colonies at first.
→ Later some were made valid settlements as designated slums, resettlement colonies, regularized unauthorized colonies.
→ Every city usually has a master plan to design and allocate different types of areas like housing areas, markets, schools, industrial areas, office areas, parks and recreational areas, and so on.
→ People who migrate to the city looking for work occupy land without necessary permission and build on it in the way they can afford with no help or facility from anyone.
→ They remain unauthorized for long period. When the plan is finally announced these areas may be demarked for a different purpose.
→ This leads to difficult conflict situations. People face the constant threat of eviction.
→ The compensation given is insufficient to relocate back to native places or afford a residence in planned areas of the city.
→ People again occupy a new location that is not notified. Thus settlements have been growing in an unplanned manner.
→ Which places attract settlements depend on basic concepts like the site, situation, and the history of the place.
→ Site refers to topography, altitude, water characteristics, types of soils, security, shelter from natural forces, and so on.
→ Over the centuries, Visakhapatnam’s population has grown significantly.
→ The villages that are best connected have the most vibrant markets and fairs.
→ As settlements become more and more diversified in their characteristics, they also become more and more complex.
→ In India, nearly 350 million is one-third of the population live in cities and towns. People have been increasingly taking up non-agriculture work and living in cities and towns is called ’Urbanisation’.
→ Though there has been an increase in urbanization, the necessity of providing basic infrastructure that can support this growth is missing.
→ Increasing urbanization resulting in many problems like water shortage, problems of sewage, waste disposal, transportation, and many other things.
→ Settlement: The way in which people organize themselves and their living spaces in a place
→ Site: A place where a building, town, etc. was, is, or will be located
→ Situation: The situation describes the connections with other places
→ Urban: Of relating to, or located In a city (or) characteristic of the city or city life
→ Rural: A rural area is a geographical area with a low population density that is located outside cities and towns
→ Agglomeration: The act of process of gathering into a mass/A confused or jumbled mass
→ Hierarchy: A body of persons having authority
→ Megacities: Cities having more than 10 million people
→ Aerotropolis: An Aerotropolis is an urban plan in which the layout, infrastructure, and economy Is centered on an airport, existing as an airport city
→ Urbanization: People have been increasingly taking up non-agriculture work and living in cities and towns, this is called urbanization
→ Metropolitan çity: Cities having a population between 1 million to 10 millions
→ Nomadic: People kept moving from place to place
→ Hunter-gatherers: Early humans who hunted animals for meat, hide, and other uses and gathered food from plants, trees
→ Sedentary: Unlike nomadic, staying In one place.
→ Urban settlement: Towns where people did not work in agriculture
→ Slum: An area of the city that is very poor and the houses there are dirty and in bad condition
→ Unauthorized: The colonies that were arranged without the official colonies permission or not being notified in the plan
→ Regularlsed colonies: The unauthorized colonies, at a later time are approved by the officials and made as valid settlements
→ Master plan: A plan to design and allocate different types of areas like housing areas, markets, schools, industrial areas, office areas, parks, and recreational areas, and so on
→ Planned colony: A colony with a properly implemented master plan usually has all facilities in place
→ Demarcation: Government announces areas for different purposes and the constructions in that area are expected to follow such an order
→ Establishment: People who migrate to the city looking for work occupy the land of slum without necessary permission and build on it in the way they can afford with no help or facility from anyone
→ Hamlet: A group of houses within the revenue village
→ Reven tie village: A village with defined borders
→ Towns: All the urban areas having a population between 5000 to 1 lakh
→ Cities/class of cities: Urban areas having a population between 1 lakh and 1 million.
