Class 9

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 20 Democracy: An Evolving Idea.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions 20th Lesson Democracy: An Evolving Idea

9th Class Social 20th Lesson Democracy: An Evolving Idea 2 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is the most important reason to vote for and elect leaders in a democracy? (SA-II : 2018-19)
Answer:
Democracy is completely based on voting system.

• Right to vote create a chance to voters to select good government.
• People select the leader who is capable and solve their problems.
• Right to vote is most important, because people should express their opinion.

9th Class Social 20th Lesson Democracy: An Evolving Idea 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
“Democracy which respects the freedom and rights of all people may be the best way to solve some of the complex problems the countries in the present day world.’
Do you agree which this statement? Justify your answer. (SA-II : 2018-19)
(OR)
Today a new kind of democracy is been forged across the world in which even the poorest and most vulnerable people will have a voice and will be able to influence policies and ensure justice and peace for all.
“Democracy is the best form of Government”. Comment on it. (SA-II : 2017-18)
Answer:
Democracy is the best form of government by following ways.

1. Democracy provide freedom.
2. Democracy represents the people.
3. It is better governance due to transparency.
4. Democracy gives respect to human rights.
5. It promotes the human rights.
6. It gives more freedom of speech and expression.

9th Class Social 20th Lesson Democracy: An Evolving Idea Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Observe the following table and answer the given questions.

Inequality of Incomes in Selected Countries
Country	Share of National Income (%)
	Top 20	Bottom 20
South Africa	64.8	2.9
Brazil	63.0	2.6
USA	50.0	4.0
United Kingdom	34.5	9.6
Dennsik	34.5	9.6
Hungary	34.5	10.0

1) Which country has more inequality?
Answer:
South Africa

2) What is the difference in USA?
Answer:
46

3) Among the given countries, which is the South American country?
Answer:
Brazil

4) Which country has least difference?
Answer:
Hungary

Question 2.
Read the following passage and answer the given questions.
Belgium : Belgium is a small country in Europe. Of the country’s total population, 59 per cent lives in the Flemish region and speaks Dutch language. Another 40 percent people live in the Wallonia region and speak French. Remaining one per cent of the Belgians speak German. In the capital city Brussels, 80 per cent people speak French while 20 per cent are Dutch- speaking.
1) Where is Belgium?
Answer:
Belgium is a small country in Europe.

2) Who speaks Dutch language?
Answer:
59% of population of Belgium lives in the Flemish region and speaks Dutch language.

3) Who speaks French?
Answer:’
40% lives in the Wallonia region and speaks French.

4) What per cent of people speak German?
Answer:
One per cent of people speak German.

5) What is the capital city of Germany?
Answer:
Brussels.

Question 3.
Read the following passages and answer the given questions.
In Sri Lanka, post its independence in 1948, the leaders of the Sinhala community sought to secure dominance over government by virtue of their majority. As a result, the democratically elected government adopted a series of majoritarian measures to establish Sinhala supremacy.

Sinhala was made the only official language, disregarding Tamil. The governments followed preferential policies that favoured Sinhala applicants for jobs. A new constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism. All these government measures, coming one after the other, gradually increased the feeling of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils.

1) When did Sri Lanka get its independence?
Answer:
In 1948.

2) What community is mentioned here?
Answer:
Sinhala community.

3) What did the democratically elected government adopt?
Answer:
The democratically elected government adopted a series of majoritarian measures to establish Sinhala supremacy.

4) Sinhala was made the only official language, disregarding ___________
Answer:
Tamil.

5) A new constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster ___________
Answer:
Buddhism.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 9 Credit in the Financial System.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions 9th Lesson Credit in the Financial System

9th Class Social 9th Lesson Credit in the Financial System 1 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Expand NABARD. (SA-III : 2015-16)
(OR)
Explain the term NABARD. (SA-II : 2017-18)
Answer:
National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development.

9th Class Social 9th Lesson Credit in the Financial System 2 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
500 and 1000 rupees notes were demonetized recently. How far is this helpful for Indian economy in your opinion? (SA-III : 2016-17)
Answer:
The decision of the government to scrape 500 and 1000 currency notes is affecting different class of society in a different way.
Poor class :
This class is affected adversely immediately. Because they use debit or credit card is very less.

Temporarily they face problem but they become normal within month.

Middle class :
They too have to stand on a big queue for short time because they still need the 100 rupee note, for making petty payments.

Upper class :
They too may face trouble for few days but their life would become normal very soon.

Long term benefits :

1. Developmental activities would pick up significantly as the tax revenue increases.
2. Corruption would reduce.
3. Government can reduce rates of taxes.
4. Illegal activities would reduce.
5. Dowry and other social practices like extravagant marriages would reduce due to white economy.

Question 2.
What do the banks do with the deposits which they collect from the public? (SA-III : 2016-17)
Answer:

• Banks keep only a small proportion of their deposits as cash with themselves.
• Banks in India these days hold about 15% of their deposits as cash.
• This is kept as provision to pay the depositors who might come to withdraw money from the bank on any given day.
• Banks use the major portion of the deposits to extend loans.
• There is a huge demand for loans for various economic activities.

Question 3.
Financial literacy is the process of equipping oneself with knowledge and information on financial matters. Taking interest in financial literacy helps one to goals and protect oneself from frauds and debts traps. It aims inculate savings habits improve the understanding of financial products leading to effective use of financial services and thus helps better money management further financial literacy facilitates easy access to financial services.
“Financial literacy is an important for consumer protection and financial stability”? Comment on it. (SA-II : 2016-17)
Answer:
Importance of Consumer protection and Financial literacy :

1. Ensure that financial markets are deep and serve the broad population.
2. Provide access to financial services for low income households and
3. Ensure long-term stability in the financial system.
4. Financial markets help to build consumer trust in financial institutions and ensure that financial institutions reach out to serve the needs of the population, including low-income households that often lack access to basic financial services.

Question 4.
Appreciate the role of self-help groups to fulfill the financial needs of poor women. (SA-II : 2016-17)
(OR)
Self help groups are the building blocks of organisation of the rurql and urban poor. Not only do women become financially self reliant, it is a platform to discuss and act on a variety of social issues such as health, nutrition, domestic violence etc.”
Do you agree with the above statement? Explain your answer. (SA-II : 2018-19)
Answer:

• The Self Help Groups played a very significant role in empowering rural women in India.
• Self Gelp Group fulfill the commercial requirements of poor women members by doing the small amount of daily savings and making contributions for few months till the time there is sufficient funds in the group to start lending.
• To empower the women they provide buffaloes on loan, sewing machines, and provide loan for small general stores etc.
• Not only these the SHG group protect the women from domestic violence and from social abuse etc.
• SHG’s work for rural and urban poor women.

9th Class Social 9th Lesson Credit in the Financial System 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
“There are some major differences between the way formal and informal credit providers operate in India. While the formal credit providers follow certain rules and regulations framed by government, informal credit providers do not follow such rules. When the borrower could not repay as per the agreed terms, formal credit providers cannot use any illegal ways to get back the credit, whereas informal credit providers use many coercive and illegal ways which at times lead to borrowers committing suicides. Compared to the formal lenders, most of the informal lenders charge a much higher interest on loans. Banks and cooperative societies need to lend more. This would lead to higher incomes because many people could then borrow cheaply for a variety of different needs. They could grow crops, do business, set up small-scale industries etc. They could set up new industries or engage in business activity. Cheap and affordable credit for all is crucial for the country’s development.”
Q. “The rich households are availing cheap credit from formal lenders whereas the poor households have to pay a heavy price for borrowing from informal sources” – Comment in your own words. (SA-III : 2016-17)
Answer:
The main reason behind poor house holds depends on informal lenders/sources because banks do not wish to give loans to the poor, who have no collateral. Bank loans require proper documents and collateral. Banks prefer not to lend money to the poor farmers and landless labourers, because more often than not they don’t have the required documents to take loan.

But rich people have more properties, they should submits proper documents to banks for loan.

According to this, rich people are benefited with low rate of interest but poor people are suffered with high rate of interest.
So formal sector loans need to expand in rural areas for the development of poor.

Question 2.
What are the various services provided by the bank to the customers? (SA-II : 2018-19)
Answer:
Financial institutions means banks may differ in the type and number of services they provide to customers.

The services most often provided include a variety of checking accounts, savings accounts; certificates of deposits, and loans, including car loans and home mortgages.

Additional services may include safe deposit boxes and investment related services. Education loans to students also.

9th Class Social 9th Lesson Credit in the Financial System Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are the two important functions of Banks?
Answer:
All commercial banks perform the following two functions.

1. Banks accept deposits from the customers and pay an interest on the deposits.
2. Banks lend loans to the customers and charge interest on the loans.

Question 2.
What is the primary source of income for banks?
Answer:
The difference between what is charged from borrowers and what is paid to the depositors is the primary source of income for banks.

Question 3.
What is meant by the term ’credit1 (loan)?
Answer:

• Credit refers to an agreement in which the lender supplies the borrower with money, goods or services in turn for the promise of future payment.
• Credit helps us to meet our needs or expenses.

Question 4.
What is meant by the term collateral?
Answer:
Collateral is an asset that the borrower owns (such as land, building, vehicles, livestock, deposits with bank) and uses this as a guarantee to a lender until the loan is repaid.

Question 5.
What are formal and informal sources of credit in India?
Answer:

• The various types of loans can be conveniently grouped as formal sector loans and informal sector loans.
• Among them, formel are loans from banks and cooperatives.
• The informal lenders include moneylenders, traders, employers, relatives and friends, etc.

Question 6.
What is meant by the word ’financial literacy’?
Answer:

• Financial literacy is the process of equipping oneself with knowledge and understanding on financial matters and to take right financial decisions leading to financial confidence.
• Simply, taking efforts to equip oneself with knowledge on financial matter.

Question 7.
Where do we get information regarding financial literacy?
Answer:

• Financial literacy material is available on the website of Reserve Bank of India.
• In addition, for the benefit of word illiterate persons in rural and urban and remote areas, State Level Bankers Committee (SLBC), AP has prepared an audio CD on the benefits of saving with banks.

Question 8.
What are “the terms of credit”?
Answer:
Interest rate, collateral and documentation requirement and the mode of repayment together comprise what is called the terms of credit.

Question 9.
Why do you think bank deposits are called ‘demand deposits’?
Answer:

• Banks accept the deposits and also pay an amount as interest on the deposits.
• People have the right to withdraw the money as and when they require.
• Since the deposits in the bank accounts can be withdrawn on demand, these deposits are called ‘demand deposits’.

Question 1o.
Why do you think the people in rural areas demand for credit?
Answer:

• In the rural areas, the main demand for credit is for crop production.
• Crop production involves considerable costs on seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, water, electricity, repair of equipment, etc.
• Farmers usually take crop loans at the beginning of the season and repay the loan after harvest.
• There is usually 3 to 4 months gap between farmers buying inputs and selling the crop.
• Repayment crucially depends on income from farming.

Question 11.
Read the passage and answer the following questions.

The RBI has now initiated processes of improving the financial access to people in rural areas. All banks would be opening rural accounts using Business Facilitators and Business Correspondents. These correspondents would encourage people in rural areas to open bank accounts so that they can save their money and also use loan facilities of the bank. These facilitators would help them connect with the local branch. Electronic identification systems would be used to open these accounts. Recently, the government initiated providing Unique Identification Number to every citizen of India. All those who have enrolled themselves and given a card called Aadhaar. Those who have this number can open the bank account easily and also get the benefits and services provided by government. Earlier banks used to make it mandatory to put a minimum amount while opening an account. Nowadays, can open account and there is no compulsion to keep any minimum amount. This is called ‘Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account’ (BSBDA).

1) What has RBI initiated?
Answer:
The RBI has now initiated processes of improving the financial access to people in rural areas.

2) What would be the uses of RBI’s steps?
Answer:
They would encourage people in rural areas to open bank accounts, to save money ’ and also use loan facilities of the banks.

3) What initiations has the government taken recently?
Answer:
Recently, the government initiated providing unique identification number to every citizen of India.

4) What is the name of the card?
Answer:
Aadhaar card.

5) Is there any mandatory to put a minimum account?
Answer:
Now, there is no compulsion to keep a minimum amount. This is called ‘Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account’.

Question 12.
Understand the Pie diagram and fiSi the table.

Sources of credit for rural Households in India in 2003

Read the above table and Answer the following questions.
1) Note the change in the loans issued by all formal organizations for the last three decades.
Answer:
The loans issued by formal organizations has increased from 15.8% in 1961 to 52% in 2003. There is an increase of 36.2%.

2) What was the difference in the loans issued by all informal organizations for the last three decades?
Answer:
The loans issued by informal organizations have been reduced from 84.0 to 48%. There is a decrease of 36%

Question 13.
What are the reasons for farmers distress in Andhra Pradesh?
Answer:

• Most of the farmers take loans to meet the expenses of cultivation.
• When crops fail, they cannot repay the loans.
• Again they take a fresh loan from informal lenders.
• Finally fallen in debt-trap and this leads to distress among them.

Question 14.
What are the reasons for the poor notable to get bank loans, nowadays?
Answer:

• Bank loans require proper documents and collateral.
• Absence of collateral is one of the major reasons which prevent the poor from getting bank loans.
• They have a few assets to keep as collateral.
• They are going to easily accessible informal loans.

Question 15.
How is cheap and affordable credit for all, crucial for the country’s development nowadays?
Answer:

• Borrowing at higher rates of interest makes borrowers to have left with less income for themselves.
• In somecases it may be more than his income and leading to debt trap.
• For this reasons, banks and cooperatives need to lend more.*
• As these offer loans at lower rate of interest, borrowers use them for a variety of needs.
• Thus the availability of cheap and affordable credit for all is crucial for the country’s development nowadays.

Question 16.
Study the following pie-chart.

1) What does the above chart describe?
Answer:
It describes the distribution of credit among different households.

2) Describe the pie-chart.
Answer:

• Out of total credit, poor households take 40% of the credit.
• Out of total credit, rich households take 21% of the credit.
• Well-off households take 32% of credit and stood 2nd place in availing credit.
• Households with few assets take least percentage of loans, i.e. only 7%.

Question 17.
What is the measure taken by government and Non-governmental Organizations to organize rural poor?
Answer:

• In recent years government and NGOs have found new way for providing loans to the poor.
• The idea is to organize rural poor, particularly women into small Self Help Groups (SHGs) and pool their savings.
• SHGs with 15-20 members save Rs. 25 to Rs. 100, at least for 2 years.
• They can take small loans from group itself to meet their needs.
• Group charges small interest on borrowing members.
• After a year or two, they can get loan from bank without collateral.

Question 18.
What are the measures taken by RBI to help rural agriculture?
Answer:
1) The Reserve Bank of India sees that banks give loans not just to profit making business and traders but also to small cultivators, small scale industries, to small borrowers, etc.

2) In recent times, besides RBI, NABARD (National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development) facilitates formal credit organisations in Rural India.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 15 Industrialisation and Social Change.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions 15th Lesson Industrialisation and Social Change

9th Class Social 15th Lesson Industrialisation and Social Change 1 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In what way did Canal Transportation aid Industrial Revolution? (SA-I : 2019-20)
Answer:
Canals were the answer to moving heavy objects to large distances

9th Class Social 15th Lesson Industrialisation and Social Change 2 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 2.
Why did modem industrialisatfon first occured in Britain only? (SA-III : 2016-17)
(OR)
Why do you think Britain was the first country to Industrialize?
Answer:

• Britain was blessed with modest climate to suit cotton industry.
• There was no scarcity of power.
• There was availability of sufficient raw material.
• Coal and Iron were available in abundance side by side.
• It was convenient to transport the raw material by water.
• There was no dearth of capital and Bank of England was also helpful in raising capital.
• Workers were available in large numbers.
• It was ready to sea trade with a large number of ports.

Question 2.
20th century inventions were hugely influenced by major developments in technology and resources, enabling the inventions of key items and devices which changed the way we live today.
Mention any two inventions one each in transportation and medicine and mention briefly how they changed the way we live today. (SA-II : 2018-19)
Answer:
Transportation :
Aeroplanes, Motor vehicles, Railways, etc.

Medicine:
Anti-biotics, vaccines, chloroforms, Anti-virus, etc. Now-a-days world become a big village by a fastest means of transport. Even long distance also reached in a short time. Due to medicines, the life expectancy of human being is increased.

9th Class Social 15th Lesson Industrialisation and Social Change 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The road-builder John Metacalf, who personally surveyed surfaces for roads and planned them, was blind. The canal builder James Brindley was almost illiterate, with such poor spelling that he could never spell the word ‘navigation’, but he had tremendous powers of memory, imagination and concentration.
Read the paragraph given above and comment on that. (SA-III : 2016-17)
Answer:
According to the above para, if we want to invent a new thing we need more determination, interest, curiosity, even luck, than the application of scientific knowledge. Along with the above, memory, imagination, and concentration also need.

Question 2.
“Good transportation facilities leads to rapid industrialization” – Justify the statement. (SA-I : 2018-19)
Answer:

• Transport system really helps the industry.
• Without transportation, the products made by the industry cannot be sold in distant places.
• The industry has a particular transport system to send their products to places and sell them for profit.
• Without proper transport system, there is risk of damage of products.
• The invention of steam engine reduced the cost of transportation.
• Development of aircraft was useful for fastest means of transport.
• Good transport system leads to rapid industrialization.

Question 3.
Mobile phone – Internet – Computers – Airways
Choose any TWO of the inventions listed above Explain how they changed people’s lives. (SA-I : 2019-20)
Answer:
Mobile Phone:

• Mobile phones have completely changed the way people interact.
• Today, the mobile phone has become part and parcel of many people’s lives.
• You can call, send text messages, read emails, play games as well as read and edit documents.
• Through mobile phone, we can send money quickly to others who are in need.
• It create new market places.
• It help people find jobs.
• It help the farmers to get weather information.

Internet:

• The Internet creates new ways for us to communicate, work and share information.
• The main advantage of the internet is it ability to connect billions of computers and devices to each other.
• By it, we get more information.
• Enjoy virtual field trips.
• It creates assignment convenience and flexibility.

Computer:

• It act as highly reliable scientific equipment.
• They receive and store data and carries out logical and mathematical calculations too to provide fast and accurate results.
• It can store more data.

Airways :

• Through air ways we can reach our destination quickly.
• It transports people, goods, the military equipment around the world.
• It is the fastest means of transport.
• During the time of floods and calamities we can use more airways only to reach the place.
• It is supported to go to remote areas.
• It creates convenience to passengers.

Question 4.
Explain how the condition of the workers steadily declined in the early twentieth century Europe. (SA-I : 2019-20)
Answer:
Conditions of the worker.
1. The aboudance of labour in the market affected.

2. Seasonality of work :
It meant prolonged periods without work.

3. Low Real wages :
Wages are very low.

4. Poverty and Unemployment:
At the mid of 19th century, about 10 percent of Urban population was extremely poor.

The Unemployment rate was very high.

9th Class Social 15th Lesson Industrialisation and Social Change Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is called ‘First Industrial Revolution?
Answer:
The transformation of industry and the economy in Britain between the 1780s and the 1850s is called the “First Industrial Revolution.”

Question 2.
Who used the term ‘Industrial Revolution’?
Answer:
The term ‘Industrial Revolution’ was used by European scholars – Georges Michelet in France and Friedrich Engels in Germany. It was used for the first time in English by the philosopher and economist Arnold Toynbee (1852-83), to describe the changes that occurred in British industrial development between 1760 and 1820.

Question 3.
What were the two main features of cotton industry?
Answer:
From the 1780s, the cotton industry symbolised British industrialisation in many ways. This industry had two features which were also seen in other industries. Raw cotton had to be entirely imported and a large part of the finished cloth was exported to other countries. Britain had its control over the sources of raw cotton as well as the markets. Where they sold cloth. This helped to increase its control over the colonies.

Question 4.
What was the new power source in England?
Answer:
Steam

Question 5.
Which country experienced modern industrialisation for the first time?
Answer:
Britain experienced modern industrialisation for the first time.

Question 6.
Name any bank in England.
Answer:
The Bank of England.

Question 7.
Who were used in coal mines to reach deep coal faces?
Answer:
Children were used in coal mines to reach deep coal faces.

Question 8.
Which countries lacked colonial resources?
Answer:
Germany and France lacked colonial resources.

Question 9.
What is Industrial revolution? Who coined this name?
Answer:

• The economy and industries in Britain changed completely between 1780s and 1850s.
• This phase is known as ‘First Industrial Revolution’.
• The term ‘Industrial Revolution’ was used by European Scholars George Michelet in France and Fredrich Engels in Germany.
• It was used for the first time in English by the Philosopher and economist Arnold Tonybee.

Question 10.
What do you know about the picture?

Answer:
This was the Cast Iron Bridge. It was near Coalbrookdale. It was designed by the third Darby.

Question 11.
What was it? How did it look like?

Answer:
This was James Watt’s steam engine. It was just looking like our present day tractor.

Question 12.
Compare the effects of the coming of the railways in different countries in the world.
Answer:

• The first steam locomotive, Stephenson’s Rocket, appeared in 1814. Railways emerged as a new means of transportation that was available throughout the year, both cheap and fast, to carry passengers and goods.
• They combined two inventions, the iron track which replaced the wooden track in the 1760s, and haulage along it by steam engine.
• The invention of the railways took the entire process of industrialisation to a second stage.
• The first railway line connected the cities of Stockton and Darlington in 1825, a distance of 9 miles that was completed in two hours at speeds of up to 24 kph (15 mph).
• The next railway line connected Liverpool and Manchester in 1830. Within 20 years, speeds of 30 to 50 miles an hour were usual.

Britain :
The railways changed British Society in numerous ways. It is nonetheless clear that the railways had a sizeable impact in many spheres of economic activity and daily life of the people.

Canada :
In Canada, the national government strongly supported railway construction for political goals.

India :
India provides an example of the British empire pouring its money into a very well built system designed for military reasons and with the hope that it would stimulate industry. The system was over built and much too elaborate and expensive for the small amount of freight traffic it carried.

Belgium :
Belgium took the lead in Industrial revolution on the continent starting in the 1820s. It provided an ideal model for showing the value of the railways for speeding the industrial revolution.

France:
In France, railways became a national medium for the modernisation of backward regions. Although starting the whole system at once was politically expedient, it delayed completion and forced even more reliance and temporary experts brought in from Britain.

Germany:
The take-off stage of economic development came with the railroad revolution in the 1840s. As a means of national defence, it facilitates the concentration, distributional direction of the army. It is a means to the improvement of the culture of the nation.

Russians:
It was Americans who brought the technology of railway construction to Russia in 1842. Russia was in need of big transportation system and geographically suited to railroads.

Thus the railways in different countries helped the industrial revolution in transportation.

Question 13.
Read the following passages and answer the given questions.

The Krupp Family

The Krupp family established what was going to become the world’s largest arms factory. This first factory specialised in field gun manufacture and, by 1887, it supplied arms to forty six different countries.

During World War I the Krupp factories made guns for the German artillery.

The Krupps supported Hitler in the German general election of 1933. As Nazi Germany occupied neighbouring countries, Alfred Krupp seized new land to make more factories. Many of these factories used slave-labour from the Nazi concentration camps.

1) What was the name of the family?
Answer:
The ’Krupp’ family.

2) What was the first factory?
Answer:
Gun manufacturing factory.

3) Which World War was mentioned here?
Answer:
First World War.

4) Whom did the Krupps support?
Answer:
The Krupps supported Hitler in the German general election of 1933.

5) Who were the workers in the factories?
Answer:
The slave – labour from the Nazi concentration camps.

Question 14.
Read the following passages and answer the given questions.
Steam power was first used in mining industries. As the demand for coal and metals expanded, efforts to obtain them from ever-deeper mines intensified. Flooding in mines was a serious problem and steam engines were used to drain the mines. But the technology was still very imperfect to be used on a large scale.

James Watt’s (1736-1819) invention converted the steam engine from being a mere pump into a ‘prime mover’ capable of providing energy to power machines in factories. Backed by the wealthy manufacturer Matthew Boulton (1728-1809), Watt created the Soho Foundry in Birmingham in 1775. From this foundry James Watt’s steam engines were produced in steadily growing numbers. By the end of the eighteenth century, Watt’s steam engine was beginning to replace hydraulic power. In 1840, British steam engines were generating more than 70 per cent of all European power.
1) Which power was first used in mining industries?
Answer:
Steam power

2) What was a serious problem?
Answer:
Flooding in mines was a serious problem.

3) Who was the wealthy manufacturer?
Answer:
Matthew Boulton.

4) In which foundry were the Watt’s engines produced?
Answer:
In Soho Foundry in Birmingham.

5) Appreciate the British steam engines.
Answer:
In 1840, British steam engines were generating more than 70% of all European power.

Question 15.
Read the following passages and answer the given questions.
Transportation
The need to transport raw materials and manufactured products led to the improvement of roads and the digging of canals in England. Me Adam devised the method of making ‘pakka’ or ‘macadamamised’ roads.

Canals were initially built to transport coal to cities. This was because the bulk and v/eight of coal made its transport by road much slower and more expensive than by barges on canals. The demand for coal, as industrial energy and for heating and lighting homes in cities, grew constantly. The making of the first English canal, the Worsley Canal (1761) by James Brindley (1716-72), had no other purpose than to carry coal from the coal deposits at Worsley (near Manchester) to that city. After the canal was completed the price of coal fell by half. Thousands of kilometres of canals were built by 1830 and were used to transport commodities cheaply. They were mostly built by landowners to enhance the value of their properties.
1) Which led to the improvement of roads and the digging of canals in England?
Answer:
The need to transport raw materials and manufactured products led to the improvement of roads and the digging of canals in England.

2) Which were initially built?
Answer:
Canals were initially built to transport.

3) Which grew constantly?
Answer:
The demand for coal, as industrial energy and for heating and lighting homes in cities, grew constantly.

4) What is the name of first English canal?
Answer:
Worsley Canal.

5) What was the interest of land owners in building the first canal?
Answer:
They were interested in enhancing the values of their properties.

6) Who built this canal?
Answer:
James Brindley.

Question 16.
Observe the following picture and answer the given questions.

Woman in gilt-button factory, Birmingham. In the 1850s, two thirds of the workforce in the button trade was women and children. Men received 25 shillings a week, women 7 shillings and children one shilling each, for the same hours of work.
1) Who was she?
Answer:
She was a woman in gilt-button factory.

2) Where was the factory?
Answer:
It was in Birmingham.

3) Which year did the picture belonged to?
Answer:
It belonged to the 1850s.

4) What were the earnings of the workers?
Answer:
Men – 25 shillings a week
Women – 07 shillings a week
Children – 01 shilling a week

5) Is there any difference in the working time?
A. No, it was equal to all.

Question 17.
Read the following passages and answer the questions given below.

The Workers

A survey in 1842 revealed that the average lifespan of workers was lower than that of any other social group in cities: it was 15 years in Birmingham, 17 in Manchester, 21 in Derby. More people died, and died at a younger age, in the new industrial cities, than in the villages they had come from. Half the children failed to survive beyond the age of five. The increase in the population of cities was because of immigrants, rather than by an increase in the number of children born to families who already lived there.

Deaths were primarily caused by epidemics of disease that sprang from the pollution of water, like cholera and typhoid, or of the air, like tuberculosis. More than 31,000 people died from an outbreak of cholera in 1832. Until late in the nineteenth century, municipal authorities were negligent in attending to these dangerous conditions of life. The medical knowledge to understand and cure these diseases was unknown.
1) When was the survey conducted?
Answer:
In 1842.

2) What was the average lifespan?
Answer:
It was 15 years in Birhingham, 17 in Manchester, and 21 in Derby.

3) What was the cause of the increase in population?
Answer:
The increase in the population of cities was because of immigrants, rather than by an increase in the number of children born to families who already lived there.

4) What are the diseases mentioned here?
Answer:
Cholera, Typhoid, and Tuberculosis.

5) Why were the municipal authorities negligent in attending to these diseases?
Answer:
The medical knowledge to understand and cure these diseases was unknown.

Question 18.
Read the lesson and prepare any four questions relating to it.
Answer:

• How can we say that England was fortunate?
• What was the serious problem in mines?
• Whom was the first locomotive connected to?
• Why did the Krupp family establish the world’s largest arms factory?

Question 19.
What were the relative advantages of canal and railway transportation?
Answer:

• Both were used to transport commodities cheaply.
• Both enhanced the values of the properties.
• The invention and usage took the entire process of industrialisation to a second stage.
• Both reduced the time taken to travel between two places.

Question 20.
Why was Britain the first country to experience modern industrialisation?
Answer:
Reasons:

1. Political stability
2. Modest climate
3. Availability of continuous water power
4. Transportation facilities
5. Abundant wealth
6. Availability of labour
7. Invention of machinery.

Question 21.
Write the favourable conditions which helped the inventions.
Answer:
It is interesting to read about the individuals who brought about these changes during industralisation. Few of them were trained scientists. Education in basic sciences like physics or chemistry was extremely limited until the late nineteenth century, even after the technological inventions described above. Since these inventions did not require a full knowledge of the laws of physics or chemistry on which they were based, advances in science could be and were made by brilliant, intuitive thinkers and persistent experimenters.

They were helped by the fact that England had certain features which other European countries did not. Dozens of scientific journals and published papers of scientific societies appeared in England between 1760 and 1800. There was a widespread thirst for knowledge even in the smaller towns. This was met by the activities of the Society of Arts (founded in 1754), by travelling lecturers, or in ‘coffee houses’ that multiplied through the eighteenth century.

Question 22.
Appreciate the efforts of German to become an Industrialised state.
Answer:

• Germany (erstwhile Prussia) exploited its rich coal fields (Silesia and Rhineland – the Rhur) and iron deposits (Bohemia) to flourish in steel industry.
• With the invention of electric dynamo, they lead electric industry in the world.
• Unification in 1871 made access to iron from Lorraine fields of iron from France.
• Government encouraged industry by providing road/rail transports and markets also.
• It also focused on arnament industry.
• Large banks provided the capital needed.
• By the beginning of 20^th century, Germany had developed a powerful industrial base.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 8 Service Activities in India.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions 8th Lesson Service Activities in India

9th Class Social 8th Lesson Service Activities in India 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
‘Service sector is beyond the other two sectors in providing employment’.
“Ramesh is a self employee who established an internet centre after completion of B.Tech. He also provided employment for two more persons”.
‘Service sector plays key role in providing employment’ comment on it. (SA-III : 2015-16)
Answer:
Yes. Services sector plays key role in providing employment by the following ways.

1. There has been tremendous change in the communication technology which has opened a wide range of jobs for educated people.
2. Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) has brought in new kinds of employment opportunities.
3. They provide services to people located across the globe using telecommunication links.
4. The entertainment industry creates jobs to work in various print media firms, cable television channels.
5. We see number of internet cafes and telephone booths in most of the cities and towns.
6. The advertising industry has also brought new job opportunities.
7. Many new jobs are available in Banking and insurance sectors.

Hence service sector can reduce educated unemployment in our country.

Question 2.
The table below shows the number of workers (in lakhs) employed in different service activities in large government enterprises in 1991 and 2010. Study the table and answer the question given below. (SA-II : 2018-19)

Service sector activities	Government jobs
	1991	2010
Wholesale and retail trade	1.5	1.7
Transport, storage and Communications	30.3	25.3
Finance, insurance, real estate etc.	11.9	14.1
Community, social and personal services	92.3	90.5

a) Which service activity provided least employment?
b) Write any two jobs related to community, social and personal services.
c) What kind of service activity jobs have shown maximum decrease in 2010?
d) What kind of service activity jobs has government-generated most in 2010?
Answer:
a) Wholesale and retail trade

b)

1. Washing and drycleaning work
2. Beauty treatment
3. Tailoring work
4. Barbour work (Hair cutting)
5. Who runs the photo studio.

c) Transport, storage and communications.

d) Finance, insurance, real estate etc.

9th Class Social 8th Lesson Service Activities in India Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How is service sector different from other sectors?
Answer:

• Other sectors, agriculture and industry produce goods that are tangible.
• But service activities do not produce any tangible good.
• But service activities fulfill the needs cater the requirements of people or organisations.
• They are also essential for agriculture and industrial activities.
• Non-production of commodity or good is the essential nature of service sector.

Question 2.
Is service sector, the heaven of dream jobs?
Answer:

• No, I don’t think so.
• Dream jobs in service sector are at a rate of one in tens of thousands of jobs.
• Remaining, especially uneducated and less educated do jobs with meagre wages.
• Those who have dreams are also under constant pressure and job stress.

Question 3.
Read the following case history and answer the following questions.

My lifestyle has improved due to IT. In college, I had just two trousers and two shirts. Now, I have many shirts. I buy good quality clothes and I don’t have to think about how much I spend. So definitely, working in the software industry has added comfort to my life. Earlier, there were a lot of financial problems in the family – my brothers and sisters were not able to study properly due to this, and I am very happy that I have been able to solve this problem. But it is a stressful and mechanical life; there is no social life. In my hometown, people were always there around me – neighbours and relatives. There was always someone to go and talk to but here, it’s difficult to make friends.

1) What was the position of the family before getting a job?
Answer:
Earlier there were a lot of financial problems in the family – his brothers and sisters were not able to study properly due to this.

2) What is his family’s financial position now?
Answer:
Working in software has added comfort to his life, and his brothers and sisters are able to study properly now.

3) Is the individual happy with his lifestyle?
Answer:

• He is earning good salary and that added comfort to his life.
• But at the same time the job is very stressful and his life is mechanical.
• He is missing his village, neighbours and relatives.

Question 4.
What is the work going on here in the given picture? Describe it in five sentences.
Answer:

1. It is a call centre job.
2. A call centre is an office where people work answering or making telephone calls for a particular company or customer regarding certain information.
3. The information may be regarding customer’s bank deposits or about their hospital records.
4. There will be three shifts and employees may have to work during nights too.
5. Salaries are high and at the same time lots and lots of stress in the job can be experienced.

Question 5.
What services, in your opinion, are desired today?
Answer:

• India faces an acute shortage of skilled human resources in the health sector. So health services are desired today.
• More infrastructure service is the need of the hour. So roads, hospitals and educational institutions are to be set up.
• We need good storage facilities as well as credit facilities.
• New economic policies in India shall emphasize the expansion of service activities.

Question 6.
Why do you think more people are engaged in low income service activities today?
Answer:

• With lack of job opportunities many people today are employed in low income services.
• Closure of factories forced workers to work as small vendors, rickshaw pullers and other low income service professions.
• People from rural areas are not getting opportunities in urban areas.
• They shift to many unskilled low earning employment opportunities in services.

Question 7.
Many unskilled have low earning employment opportunities in service sector. State your opinion.
Answer:

• People from rural areas come to work in the city but there are not enough employment opportunities in urban areas.
• Hence most of the unskilled are earning their livelihood as small vendors, rickshaw pullers, etc.
• They are unable to make both ends meet.

Question 8.
New job opportunities are depressing the employees. Comment on it (especially in IT).
Answer:

• New jobs are providing good salaries but the employees are also expected to work very long hours.
• The life is very stressful and mechanical.
• There is no social life.
• These jobs definitely depress the employees.

Question 9.
What measures are taken by companies to reduce cost and avoid paying benefits to workers?
Answer:

• In order to reduce cost and avoid paying health, pension and provident fund benefits to workers, industries ‘outsource’ security services to security agencies.
• Many companies outsource their work for research and development, accounting, legal services, customer service, public relations etc.

Question 10.
Many people work in service jobs. Few people do voluntary service. What measures would you take to distinct them?
Answer:

• Voluntary service means that is done free of cost or out of love and devotion.
• It doesn’t contribute to their livelihood.
• They have other occupation but do this as charity.
• On the otherhand, the people who work in service sector earn livelihood through it.
• They do specialised services required for people or organisations.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 19 Expansion of Democracy.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions 19th Lesson Expansion of Democracy

9th Class Social 19th Lesson Expansion of Democracy 1 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The map below shows the democratic countries that existed between 1900 and 1950. (SA-II : 2018-19)

Answer:
Canada, Great Britain, U.S.A., Alaska, Peru, Chile, etc

Question 2.
Name the country which is marked by “A”. (SA-II : 2016-17)

Answer:
Russia.

9th Class Social 19th Lesson Expansion of Democracy 2 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Do you think our country has a liberal democratic political system? Give your reasons? (SA-II : 2016-17)
Answer:
Yes, our country has a liberal democratic political system by following methods.

1. Free and fair regular elections.
2. Written constitution.
3. Equality before law.
4. Universal Adult Franchise etc.

9th Class Social 19th Lesson Expansion of Democracy Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Compare the struggles for democracy in Libya and Burma on the following aspects
A) Leadership
B) Nature of struggle
C) Process of transition.
Answer:

Libya	Burma
A. Leadership	A. Leadership
1. Monarchy was established in 1951 under the leadership of king Idris.	1. Democracy was established. Three elec­tions were held in 1951, 56 and 1960.
2. Monarchy was overthrown by “Revolutionary Command Council” under the leadership of Muammar Gaddafi in 1969.	2. In 1962, the elected government was overthrown by a coup and army. General “Ne Win” took charge of the country.

B. Nature of Struggle	B. Nature of Struggle
1. People took the help of mobiles and internet.	1. People took the lead and thousands were brutally killed.
2. They protested against the military regime.	2. Suu Kyi was a central figure in the for establishing democracy in Burma.
3. Soon there broke out a civil war.	3. In 1990 Suu Kyi’s ‘NLD’ won the majority but was not allowed to form government and was kept under house arrest.
4. Gaddafi’s army crushed the protests and thousands were killed.

C. Process of transfer	C. Process of transfer
1. “UNO” intervened and declared Libya as “No fly zone”	1. Economic sanctions were imposed on Burma.
2. France, US, Britain etc., jointly used their force to bombard Libyan government.	2. There were a world wide pressure on the military government to extent civil liberty.
3. Libyans succeeded in overthrowing Gaddafi regime.	3. Elections were held in 2010 but due to the allegations of malpractices, the military junta was dissolved.
4. A new government was sworn in on14th Nov 2012.	4. Thein Sein became the president of Burma.
5. The story is still incomplete.	5. The struggle is still incomplete.

Question 2.
Read the following information and answer the questions given below.
Events and year of occurrence

1) Which of the above two countries first became independent? And when did it happen?
Answer:
Burma was the first country to get independence. And she got it in 1948.

2) Who was the dictator that ruled over Libya?
Answer:
“Gaddafi” ruled over Libya.

3) Who was Aung San?
Answer:
Aung San was the leader of Nationalist movement in Burma.

4) Which of the two countries became democratic first?
Answer:
Burma in 2010.

5) Where are the two countries located?
Answer:
Libya is in Africa and Burma is in Asia.

Question 3.
What are “economic sanctions” ? How do they work on any country’s economy?
Answer:

• Economic sanctions are restrictions imposed on any country regarding imports and exports.
• Import of goods from that country will be banned.
• Export of goods to that country will be stopped.
• Due to that the country’s economy will generally be effected.

Question 4.
What are the steps taken by “the UNO” with regard to Libya or Burma?
Answer:

• The UNO intervened and supported rebels by declaring Libya to be a “No fly zone”.
• Later with the help of US, Britain and France it bombarded the government positions in Libya.
• As a result a new government was formed in on 14th Nov. 2012,
• “Economic Sanctions” were imposed to put pressure on rulers.
• An election was held under the observation of the UNO in 2010.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 7 Industries in India.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions 7th Lesson Industries in India

9th Class Social 7th Lesson Industries in India 1 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Study the map given below and answer the following question. (SA-II : 2018-19)

Q : Where in Karnataka are the steel plants located?
Answer:
Vijayanagar and Bhadravathi are the two places has steel plants in Karnataka.

9th Class Social 7th Lesson Industries in India 2 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Draw a bargraph based on the given information. (SA-III : 2015-16)

Year	Production of cement (In million tonnes)
1970 – 71	25
1980 – 81	50
1990 – 91	100
2000 – 01	150
2010-11	210

Answer:

Question 2.
The pie charts below show the percentage of people employed in Agriculture. Industry and service sectors. Read the pie charts carefully to answer the question.

How did the pattern of employment change between 1972-73 and 2009-2010? (SA-II : 2018-19)
Answer:

1. The employment generation in agricultural sector has been decreased from 74% in 1972-73 to 53% in 2009-10.
2. The employment generation in industrial sector has been increased from 11% in 1972-73 to 22% in 2009-10.
3. The employment generation in service sector has shown an increase of 10%.

9th Class Social 7th Lesson Industries in India 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Observe the ‘Pie Chart’ and answer the following questions. (SA-III : 2015-16)

Answer the following Questions.
1. What does the above given graph denotes?
2. What is the percentage of change in employment by industry when compare between 1972-73 and 2009-10?
3. Which sector generated highest employment in 2009-10?
4. Write any two occupations regarding service sector?
Answer:

1. The above graph explains % of employment in different sectors.
2. From 1972-73 to 20019-10 the change in employment in Industrial sector is from 11% to 22%.
3. Agricultural sector.
4. Doctor, lawyer, teacher, banking, commerce, communications etc. are the occupations in the sector.

Question 2.
“Industries are necessary for the development of a nation. It is also fact that industrial activities are increasing environmental problems” – Write your opinions on this matter in detail. (SA-III : 2016-17)
Answer:
Industries are necesary for the development of a nation by the following ways.

1. When goods made in factories and exported to other countries, we get revenue.
2. A few decades before, three-fourths of income from goods exported from manufacturing industries alone.
3. Even today, nearly two-third of goods exports is contributed by industries and particularly small industries.
4. Factory goods exported range from gems, jewellery, chemicals, cars, machinery, cashewnuts, etc.
5. The money or foreign exchange earned in this process enable us to import from other countries a large number of goods that we want from other countries.

At the same time industrial activities are increasing environmental pollution by the following ways.

1. The production process in industries involves the use of electricity and application of different chemicals.
2. In the course of production, these industries release a lot of other materials. They are causing pollution in the industrial locations.
3. The industrialization led to the indiscriminate exploitation of minerals, forests, soils, air, etc.
4. It leads to deforestation and damages the natural habitat of animals.
5. Underground water is being contaminated due to the release of wastes by the industries.
6. Some animals are endangered and some creatures have become extinct.
7. The depletion of ozone layer, pollution of water, air, soil has increased ecological problems.

Question 3.
Mixing of some poisonous substances in air, water and soil causes to ‘ecological crisis’ – give your suggestions to prevent this problems as a student. (SA-II : 2017-18)
Answer:
Pollution prevention is a major global concern because of the harmful effects of pollution on a person’s health and on the environment.
Suggestions:

1. Stop smoking or at least follow the “No smoking” sign.
2. Never use open fires to dispose of wastes.
3. Instead of using your cars, choose to walk or ride a bicycle whenever possible.
4. Adopt the BRs. of solid waste management, reduce, reuse and recycle.
5. Use eco-friendly or biodegradable materials instead of plastic.
6. Do not cause loud noises and unwanted sounds to avoid noise pollution.
7. Industries should use fuel with lower sulphur content.
8. Industries should strictly follow applicable government regulations on pollution control.

Conclusion :
Breathing is life. We know that we will survive without food for several weeks and without water for few days, but without oxygen, we will die in a matter of minutes.

The oxygen, the air we breathe sustains us. So, let us make today and every day a good day for everyone.

Question 4.

Read the above pie chart and answer the following questions. (SA-II : 2017-18)
1. What does the pie chart tell us?
2. Which sector provide the highest percentage of employment?
3. In which sector employment increased twice?
4. By 2009-10 which sector was the second piace in empioyment?
Answer:

1. Pie chart tells us the percentage of employment in different sectors from 1972-73 to 2009-10 years.
2. Agriculture sector provide highest percentage of employment.
3. In Industrial sector employment increased twice.
4. By 2009-10, the services sector is in second place in employment.

Question 5.
When people buy groceries, they may have their groceries packed in plastic bags, paper bags, or cloth bags they bring with them.
Which type of grocery bag is the best to help protect the environment?
a) Plastic
b) Paper
c) Cloth
Explain in what way your choice of bag can help protect the environment.
Answer:

• My choice is paper bag and cloth bag. Both are best to use.
• We should not use plastic bags as they are threat to environment.
• Plastic bags are not eco – friendly: They won’t decompose quickly, if you burn them also it will take time to mix with soil.
• Recently in Vijayawada, some areas of the city drowned in rainwater because all the sewage drains were filled with bunches of plastic bags.
• But paper and cloth bags will decompose in very short period and completely eco friendly.
• Paper bags made by wood pulp it may cause deforestation.
• Cloth bags made of cotton, quickly it decomposes.

9th Class Social 7th Lesson Industries in India Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why are the infrastructure facilities important in establishing industries?
Answer:

• Building of roads, good transport facilities, power supply and telephone connections, etc. can be termed as infrastructural facilities.
• Factories need raw materials. These raw materials are to be transported to the factory sites. Hence good road ways and other facilities are needed.
• Factories need power to run machines. Hence all infrastructure facilities are needed.

Question 2.
Why are industries important?
Answer:
In industrial sector, the raw materials are worked upon by people and changed using tools and machines to produce a good that can be useful.
The importance of industries :
i) Industries provide a wide range of products :
There are plenty of goods made in factories. Ranging from paper and other stationery, fridges to cars, batteries, bulbs and other electrical appliances.

ii) Industries are expected to employ a large section of people looking for jobs :

1. Generating employment to work in factories is generally considered as one of the indicators of development and improvement of well being of people.
2. Employment in industries has increased from 11% in 1972-73 to 22% in 2009-10.

iii) Industries are important source of export incomes:

1. We earn a lot of foreign exchange by selling industrial goods to foreign countries.
2. Even today, nearly two-thirds of goods exported is contributed by industries.

Question 3.
What were the restrictions introduced by the government during the early years of industrialization?
Answer:

• Many industrial activities were allowed only for small producers. For example, production of cloth of specific quality was restricted to handlooms.
• Government made laws so that the large factory owners get prior permission or license to set up factories. This was done so that there would be better planning.
• The government regulated the quantity of goods produced by factories.
• The price at which they can be sold was also fixed.

All these restrictions were introduced keeping in view the welfare of the people.

Question 4.
Industrial policies of the early years became hindrance to the growth of industry. Explain.
Answer:

• Entrepreneurs were required to follow so many procedures and had to wait for many years to get the approval from the government offices.
• Licenses were not given to the most efficient producers.
• The selection was biased in favour of people with political connections and the economically powerful.
• All this discouraged new entrepreneurs who would work with latest technology available.
• Further control on prices led to shortage of goods. E.g.: Scooters.
• Such shortages were common for important basic goods like coal and cement, which in turn caused a lot of delay in production of other goods.
• Another problem was lack of quality of some of goods.
• There were restrictions on the import and export of industrial goods including machinery and raw materials.
• Prices were laid down by the government and the producers had to sell only at that price.
  So the above restrictions acted as hindrance to the growth of industry.

Question 5.
Write about the impact of industrial policies.
Answer:
The following are the impacts of industrial policies of government.
i) Rise in the number of industrial units:
Today nearly 2 lakh large factories and 3 crore small factories are operating in India.

ii) Employment has increased but less than expected:
Both small and large scale employ nearly about one-fifth of India’s 460 million workers.

iii) Low salaries and less working conditions:
A large section of workers are employed in small units which generally pay very low salary and devoid of workers safety conditions and health benefits.

iv) Production of factory-based goods has increased:
Establishment of basic industries resulted in increased production of factory based goods.

1. The production of coal and lignite has increased from 32 million tons in 1950-51 to 571 million tons in 2010-11.
2. The production of steel has increased from 10 million tones in 1980-81 to 70 million tons in 2010-11.
3. There was also a significant increase in the production of crude oil and cement etc.

v) Increase in environmental problems, land conflicts and pollution:
These industries release a lot of waste materials into the atmosphere and into the tanks and wells causing lots of air pollution and damaging water resources. The air pollution is causing skin diseases and respiratory diseases.

Question 6.
At the time of independence what were the objectives that were desired to be achieved through industrialization?
Answer:

1. After 1947, India began many initiatives to promote industrial activities in the country.
2. Major objectives were – to become self-sufficient in meeting our needs and to make the country an industrially developed nation.

Question 7.
Where should the sugar and jaggery mills be ideally located?
Answer:
The sugar and jaggery milis should be ideally located near the crop grown areas.

Question 8.
Where would it be economically viable to set up the cement manufacturing units?
Answer:
Cement manufacturing units can be established near the areas where the raw materials are available in bulk.

Raw materials :
Limestone, silica, alumina, gypsum, coal and electric power and transportation facilities.

Question 9.
Name the important centres of cotton textiles in Gujarat.
Answer:
Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Surat, Rajkot and Porbandar.

Question 10.
Where are the silk textile industries located in Jammu and Kashmir?
Answer:
In Baramula, Srinagar and Anantanag.

Question 11.
What are the basic requirements of industrialization?
Answser:

• Industrialization means to develop a large number of different factories.
• For industrialization, we have certain basic requirements.
• They are machines, electricity, minerals and ores and transport facilities.

Question 12.
What factors influence the selection of an industrial location?
Answer:

• Industrial locations are complex in nature.
• These are influenced by raw material labour, capital, power, and market, etc.
• It is rarely possible to find all these factors available at one place.
• So industries are located where these factors even can be arranged at lower cost.

Question 13.
What is an agrobased industry?
Answer:
The industries which are based on agricultural products are called ‘agrobased industries’.

Question 14.
Why do you think cotton textile industry is concentrated in Maharashtra and Gujarat?
Answer:

• Many factors support the concentration of cotton textile industry in Maharashtra and Gujarat.
• Availability of raw cotton, market, transport including accessible port facilities, moist climate etc. are some factors.
• Apart from these, availability of abundunt electricity at cheap prices and availability of skilled and unskilled labour in abundance add to those factors.
• These places also have investment supports from Banks and international market demands.
• Above factors help the flourishing of cotton textile industry in Maharashtra and Gujarat.

Question 15.
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.

Challenges faced by the industry include stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes and from other competitors like Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and Thailand. However, the internal demand has been on the increase due to the Government policy of mandatory use of jute packaging. To stimulate demand, the products need to be diversified. In 2005, National Jute Policy was formulated with the objective of increasing production, improving quality, ensuring good prices to the jute farmers and enhancing the yield per hectare. The main markets are U.S.A., Canada, Russia, United Arab Republic, U.K. and Australia. The growing global concern for environment friendly, biodegradable materials, has once again opened the opportunity for jute products.

1) What is the industry mentioned in the above passage?
Answer:
Jute industry.

2) What are the challenges faced by the industry?
Answer:
Challenges faced by the industry include stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes and from other competitors like Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and Thailand.

3) When was National Jute Policy formulated?
Answer:
In 2005.

4) Name the main markets mentioned in the passage.
Answer:
USA, Canada, Russia, United Arab Republic, UK and Australia.

5) To stimulate demand, the products need to be
Answer:
diversified.

Question 16.
Discuss what is meant by the word “basic”? What are the basic necessities for industries?
Answer:

• “Basic” means the things that are basically necessary.
• The basic necessities for setting up any industries are machines, electricity, minerals and ores and infrastructural facilities like transport, telephone, etc.

Question 17.
Today West Bengal is the dominant state in Jute Industry. How is it able to become like that?
Answer:

• Most Jute mills in India are in West Bengal, mainly along the banks of the Hugli river 98 km long and 3 km wide.
• Hugli basin is in proximity of Jute producing areas, inexpensive water transport, supported by a good network of railways, roadways and waterways to facilitate movement of raw materials to mills.
• Abundant water for processing of raw jute, cheap labour from West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh.
• Kolkata provides banking, insurance and port facilities for export of jute goods.
• It provides direct or indirect employment to more than 40 lakh people.

Question 18.
Name the problems that are faced in the Iron and Steel industry?
Answer:

• It needs huge capital investment, which is difficult for developing country India.
• Indian technology is now far behind the advanced countries.
• Low per capita productivity and low potential utilization are to be addressed.
• Even at a low per capita consumption, demand for our production is not sufficient.
• Now we are importing iron and steel by spending precious foreign exchange.
• All the above problems needed to be solved.

Question 19.
Locate the following industrial cities on the outline map of India. City

City	Industries Concentrated
Jamshedpur	Iron and Steel company
Ahmedabad	Textile industry
Mumbai	Textile, oil refinery, fertilizers, etc.
Visakhapatnam	BHPV, Steel Plant, Ship building, etc.
Chennai	Cement, Cotton, Railway coaches, etc.
Rourkela	Iron and Steel industry
Kanpur	Leather industry
Madurai	Cotton textile industry
Luduiana	Leather industry
Varanasi	Diesel locomotives

Question 20.
Observe the following map and answer the questions given below.

1) Where do you find both cotton and woollen textiles?
Answer:
In Ahmedabad and Kanpur.

2) What is the South India state famous for silk textiles?
Answer:
Karnataka.

3) Name the important centres of cotton textiles in Gujarat.
Answer:
Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Surat, Rajkot and Porbandar.

4) Which type of textile industries are in major position in Maharashtra?
Answer:
Cotton textile industries.

5) Where are the silk textile industries located in Jammu and Kashmir?
AIn Baramula, Srinagar and Anantanag.

Question 21.
Observe the following map.

Now answer the questions given below.
1) What are the minerals mentioned in the map?
Answer:
Iron ore, manganese, bauxite and mica.

2) In which states do you find iron ore mines?
Answrr:
Maharashtra, Karnataka, Odisha and Chattisgarh.

3) What are the iron ore ex-porting ports mentioned in the map?
Answer:Visakhapatnam, Managalore, Marmagao and Paradwip.

4) Where can we find mica in Andhra Pradesh?
Answer:
In Nellore.

5) What is the mineral found in Rajasthan?
A. Mica.

Question 22.
Observe the following map.

Now answer the questions given below.
1) Which state is Raniganj coal mine located in?
Answer:
West Bengal

2) Where is the coal field located in Tamilnadu?
Answer:
Neyveli

3) Name the important coal mine of Telangana.
Answer:
Singareni

4) What is the coa! field that belongs to Chattisgarh?
Answer:
Korba

Question 23.
What steps are to be taken to reduce the problems of pollution?
Answer:

• We should stop effluent flow into water bodies.
• Provide safety drinking wafer to the affected villages.
• Continuous vigilance in discharge of effluents.
• Medical care to pollution victims.
• Cancellation of licence to pollution causing industries.

Question 24.
What measures would you suggest to overcome the problems of Textile Industry?
Answer:

• Care should be taken to increase the supply of raw material.
• Obsolute machinery which resulting in low productivity and inferior quality should be replaced.
• Government should provide adequate power to textile industry.
• Care should be taken that textile industry shall not lost in the stiff competition with power loom and synthetic fiber products.
• Many textile mills are sick, government should help them run properly.

Question 25.
What suggestions would you make to improve jute industry?
Answer:

• The best way to solve the problems of jute industry is to increase production.
• There is an urgent need to replace the old machinery.
• Jute mills are needed to be modernized.
• New Jute products are to be developed.
• The product range of jute is to be diversified.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 14 Democratic and Nationalist Revolutions 19th Century.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions 14th Lesson Democratic and Nationalist Revolutions 17th and 18th Centuries

9th Class Social 14th Lesson Democratic and Nationalist Revolutions 19th Century 1 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How do you appreciate the Cavours role in unification of Italy? (SA-II : 2017-18)
Answer:
Cavour’s work in the Unification of Italy is appreciable.
He unify the regions of Italy through a tactful diplomatic alliance with France and he worked neither a revolutionary nor a democrat.

Question 2.
Who formed ‘Young Italy’? Why? (SA-I : 2019-20)
Answer:
Young Italy was formed by Joseph Mazzini.
The main reason is to unified Italy and would touch off a European wide revolutionary movement.

9th Class Social 14th Lesson Democratic and Nationalist Revolutions 19th Century 2 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.

Read the map given above and answer the following questions. (SA-III : 2016-17)
1. Mention the names of any two islands that are shown in the map?
2. The states which are shown above, are parts of which country now?
Answer:
1. Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily.
2. At present the states which are shown in map are related to the country Italy.

Question 2.
What were the political, social, and economic ideas supported by the liberals in France in the beginning of 19th century? (SA-I : 2018-19)
Answer:
Political, social, and economic ideas supported by liberals.
→ Freedom for the individual.
→ Equality of all before the law.
→ Concept of government by consent.
→ End of autocracy and privileges of the church.
→ Constitution and representative government through parliament.
→ Inviolability of private property.

Question 3.
With reference to the Unification of Germany, answer the following questions. (SA-I : 2019-20)
i) Which country took leadership for Unification of Germany?
Answer:
Prussia.

ii) With what 3 countries did Bismarck go to war to achieve German unification?
Answer:
Denmark, Austria, and France.

9th Class Social 14th Lesson Democratic and Nationalist Revolutions 19th Century 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The French women fought for which rights ? in the context of India, were the women given all these rights? Write your analysis. (SA-I : 2018-19)
Answer:
French women fought for Right to vote, Right ot contest to Legislature, and Right to capture political power.
Then in the context of India all Indian women who are eligible, get all the above rights. Even though in the issue of gaining above the rights some negligence is there in India.

1. Representation of women in legislature is very less.
2. Women Reservation bill is still not approved in Lok Sabha.
3. Very less women are in political posts.

Question 2.
Describe the process of Italian Unification in 19th Century. (SA-II : 2018-19)
Answer:
Unification of Italy :
I Stage :
In 1830s Guiseppe Mazzini had sought to put together a coherent programme for a Unitary Italian Republic.
He had also formed a secret society called Young Italy for the dissemination of his goals.

II Stage :

• Prime Minister Cavour who led the movement to unify the regions of Italy, was neither a revolutionary nor a democrat.
• Through a tactful diplomatic alliance with France, he defeated Austria.

III Stage :

• Under the leadership of Garibaldi, a large number of Red Shirts army joined the fray.
• In 1860 they marched into South Italy and the kingdom of the Two Sicilies and succeeded in winning the support of the local peasants in order to drive out the Spanish rulers.

IV Stage :
Finally, Victor Emmanel II occupied Rome, and Unification of Italy completed. In 1871 Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of unified Italy.

9th Class Social 14th Lesson Democratic and Nationalist Revolutions 19th Century Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write about Jacobins constitution.
Answer:

• Under the Jacobian constitution, all people were given the right to vote and the right to insurrection.
• The constitution stated that the Government must provide the people with work or livelihood.
• The happiness of all was proclaimed as the aim of government.
• The government abolished slavery.
• Hence the Jacobians was the first genuinely democratic constitution in history.

Question 2.
How did nationalism and the idea of the nation-state emerge?
Answer:

• A nation state was one in which the majority of its citizens came to develop a sense of common identity and shared common history.
• This commonness did not exist from time immemorial, it was forged through struggles, through the actions of leaders and the common man.
• The French revolution gave the term “nation” its modern meaning.
• A nation is not the territory but the people who make it.
• The French revolution gave the meaning of sovereignty that the people constituting the nation are the source of all power and authority.
• Government is answerable to its people.

All these ideals led to the formation of the nation-states.

Question 3.
Discuss the importance of language and popular traditions in the creation of national identity.
Answer:

• Language and popular traditions are important in the creation of national identity.
• National identity means people feeling that they belong to a nation irrespective of their caste, religion, colour, etc.
• The language makes people identify themselves as a one race or a nation.
• Also, the popular traditions such as Roman culture and tradition etc. easily attracted the people and strengthened the national integrity.

Question 4.
In what ways do you think could the French revolutionaries help the other people of Europe to become nations?
Answer:

• I think the French revolutionaries could help the other people of Europe to become nations.
• The French revolutionaries fought for the principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity.
• They proved that France was not just a territory but the French people.
• The revolutionaries further declared that it was the mission and the destiny of the French nation to liberate the peoples of Europe from despotism, in other words, to help other people of Europe to become nations.

Question 5.
Do you think the anti-Nizam movement was a nationalist movement like French revolution? Compare the similarities and differences between the two movements.
Answer:

• Anti-Nizam movement was a nationalist movement like French Revolution.
• Both these were against the rulers at that time.
• The revolutionaries in French revolution became violent at times, whereas the activists in anti-Nizam movements suffered a lot in the hands of Nizam army.

Question 6.
Why do you think liberal democracy was reluctant to give right to vote to women and propertyless men?
Answer:

• Liberals did not ensure universal right to vote for all the people.
• Right to vote and get elected was given only to property – owing men.
• Men without property and all the women were not given any political rights.

Question 7.
In what ways were the liberals different from the conservative monarchists and how were they different from the radical poor?
Answer:

• Liberals believe that government should work by consent of people.
• Liberals believe people should have equal freedom and all are equal before law.
• Constitutional Monarchists believe in privilege of rich landlords and powers of monarch.
• They want to use modernization as a tool to increase control over the state.
• Radical poor wanted to bring change in the order with a reign of terror.

Question 8.
Why do you think were defeated by the conservatives?
Answer:

• Liberals talked of political democracy only and no equality was propogated.
• They did not even supported universal franchise and equality before law.
• But conservatives used modernization to have greater control overstate.
• They wanted to abolish serfdom and federalism and installation of modern army, dynamic economy, etc.

Question 9.
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.

Linder the Jacobin constitution, all people were given the right to vote and the right of insurrection. The constitution stated that the government must provide the people with work or livelihood. The happiness of all was proclaimed as the aim of government. Though it was never really put into effect, it was the first genuinely democratic constitution in history. The government abolished slavery in the French colonies. Napoleon’s rise to power was a step backward. However, though he destroyed the Republic and established an empire, the idea of the republic couldn’t be destroyed. After the defeat of Napoleon, the old ruling dynasty of France was restored to power. However, within a few years, in 1830, there was another outbreak of revolution. In 1848, the monarchy was again overthrown though it soon reappeared. Finally, in 1871, the Republicwasagain proclaimed.

1) What was the first genuinely framed constitution in the world?
Answer:
Jacobin’s constitution was the first genuinely framed constitution in the world.

2) Why was the Jaccobians constituion called the first genuinely framed constitution?
Answer:
1) The Jacobin’s constitution gave the right to vote to all citizens.
2) The constitution stated that the government must provide the people with work. Hence it was called the first genuinely framed constitution in the world.

3) Who was the dictator that ruled over France during early 19th century?
Answer:
Napoleon.

4) When were the revolutions occurred in France in the early 19th century?
Answer:
In 1830 and 1848, the France experienced revolutions.

5) When was the Republic proclaimed in france?
Answer:
The Republic was proclaimed in France in 1871 A.D.

Question 10.
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.

The Habsburg Empire that ruled over Austria-Hungary, for example, was a patchwork of many different regions and peoples. It included the Alpine regions -the Tyrol, Austria, and the Sudetenland – and Bohemia, where the aristocracy was predominantly German-speaking. It also included the Italian-speaking provinces of Lombardy and Venetia. In Hungary, half of the population spoke Magyar while the other half spoke a variety of dialects. In Galicia, the aristocracy spoke Polish. Besides these three dominant groups, there also lived within the boundaries of the empire, a mass of subject, peasant peoples -Bohemians and Slovaks to the north, Slovenes in Carniola, Croats to the south, and Roumans to the east in Transylvania. Such differences did not easily promote a sense of political unity. The only tie binding these diverse groups together was a common allegiance to the emperor.

1) Name the Alpine regions is the Habsburg Empire.
Answer:
The Tyrol, Austria and the Sudetenland, and Bohemia were the Alpine region.

2) In which language did the aristocracy speak in the Alphine region?
Answer:
The Aristocracy in the Alphine spoke in German.

3) What were the Italian speaking provinces of the Habsburg Empire?
Answer:
Lombardy and Venetia were Italian provinces.

4) A mass of subject peasant people lived in the empire. Name them.
Answer:
Bohemians, Slovaks, Slovens, Croats, and Roumans were peasant people that lived in the empire.

Question 11.
Why do you think conservatism needs to curb freedom to express one’s opinion and criticise?
Answer:

• Conservatism is the dominance of society by an aristocracy. It is incompatible with democracy, prosperity, and civilization in general.
• The conservatives did not tolerate criticism and dissent and sought to curb activities that questioned the legitimacy of autocratic governments.
• They imposed censorship laws to control the ideas of liberty and freedom associated with the French Revolution.

Question 12.
Read the following information and answer the questions given below.

Some important years
1797	Napoleon invades Italy; Napoleonic wars begin.
1814-1815	Fall of Napoleon; the Vienna Peace Settlement.
1821	Greek struggle for independence begins.
1848	Revolutions in Europe; artisans, industrial workers, and peasants revolt against economic hardships; middle classes demand constitution and representative governments; Italians, Germans, Magyars, Poles, Czechs, etc., demand nation-states.
1859-1870	Unification of Italy.
1866-1871	Unification of Germany.
1905	Slav nationalism gathers force in the Habsburg and Ottoman Empires.

a) What are the demand of middle classes? (SA-III : 2016-17)
Answer:
The demands of middle classes were

1. Constitution and
2. Representative government.

b) With the invasion on which country, did Napoleanic wars begin? (SA-III : 2016-17)
Answer:
Nepoleonic wars begin with invasion of Italy.

c) In which year was the Vienna peace conference held? (SA-I : 2018-19)
Answer:
Vienna Peace Conference was held in 1815 A.D.

d) Who was ruling France during the 1848 revolution? (SA-I : 2018-19)
Answer:
Louis Phillippe.

e) Who completed the unification of Italy? (SA-I : 2018-19)
Answer:
Victor Immanuel-ll, completed the Unification of Italy.

f) The Greek struggle for independence started in which year? (SA-I : 2018-19)
Answer:
1821 A.D.

g) When did Napoleon invade Italy?
Answer:
Napoleon invaded Italy in 1797 AD.

h) When was the Vienna Peace Settlement signed?
Answer:
The Vienna Peace Settlement was signed in 1815 A.D.

i) What were the two nations that united in the mid 19th centuries?
Answer:
Italy and Germany were the two nations that united in the mid 19th century.

j) Who revolted against economic hardship?
Answer:
Industrial workers and peasants revolted against economic hardship.

k) What were the demands of the middle class in 1848 revolt?
Answer:
The middle class demanded constitutions and representative governments.

Question 13.
Do you think our country has a liberal democratic political system? Give your reasons.
Answer:

• In India supreme power rests with the people.
• India is a republic country.
• Everyone is equal before law.
• Every citizen of 18 years and above has the right to vote.
• Any citizen is eligible to contest for any political office.

Hence we can say India has liberal democratic political system.

Question 14.
Point out the following on the Europe map.

1. Corsica
2. Sardinia
3. Poland
4. Germany
5. France

Question 15.
Locate the following on the Europe map.

1. Hungary
2. Serbia
3. London

Question 16.
What is the caricature? What does it represent?
Answer:

• A funny drawing of someone that makes them look silly or sometimes criticizes someone.
• It usually tells us about an incident or a person of that age.
• It symbolizes the wrong practices or criticizes that person on that grounds or informs us about the other side of that person.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions Chapter 4 Atmosphere.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions 4th Lesson Atmosphere

9th Class Social 3rd Lesson Hydrosphere 1 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why does our skin dry up more during the winter? (SA-II : 2018-19)
Answer:
If the humidity is low in our atmosphere, our skin becomes dry during winter. This also leads to chapped lips.

Question 2.
Define relative humidity. (SA-I : 2019-20)
Answer:
Relative humidity: Relative humidity is the ratio between two things.

1. The maximum water vapour that the air can hold at a given temperature and pressure and
2. The actual amount of water vapour it holds at any given time.

9th Class Social 4th Lesson Atmosphere 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How many types of rainfall classified based on the origin of rainfall? What are they? Explain one of them? (SA-II : 2016-17)
Answer:
On the basis of origin, rainfall may be classified into three main types.

1. Convectional Rainfall
2. Orographic Rainfall
3. Cyclonic Rainfall.

Convectional Rainfall :
This type of rainfall occurs when moist air over the heated ground becomes warmer than the surrounding air and is forced to rise, expand, cool and yield some of its moisture.

It is common in low latitudes and on summer days in interior part of the continents, and usually come in the form of short heavy showers just after the hottest part of the day, some times accompanied by thunder and lightning.

Question 2.
Observe the information given below and write four sentences on ‘Pressure Beits and Planetary Winds’. (SA-III : 2016-17)

Answer:
According to the given picture :

• The Equatorial Low Pressure Belts : This low pressure belt extends from 0 to 5° North and South of the Equator.
• Sub – Tropical Pressure Beits : At about 30° North and South of the equator lies the area where the ascending equatorial air currents descends.
• Sub-polar Low Pressure belts : These belts are located between 60° and 70° in both the hemispheres and are known as sub-polar low pressure belts.
• Polar High Pressure belts ; At the North and South between 70° and 90° temperatures are always extremely low. These areas of polar high pressure are known as polar highs.

Planetary winds : Planetary winds are distributed all over the globe and blow in the same direction throughout the year. These winds originate due to the presence of permanent high pressure and low pressure belts on the surface of the earth. The main types of planetary winds are the trade winds, the westerlies and the polar winds.

Question 3.
Study the table and answer the questions given below. (SA-I : 2018-19)

Name of the sphere	Area	Characteristics In equator region
Troposphere	Upto 13 kms.	The entire weather phenomenon happens in this sphere. The temperature in the layer decreases as we go higher.
Stratosphere	Upto 50 kms.	This layer is almost free from clouds and associated weather phenomenon, making conditions most ideal for flying Jet air crafts. One important feature of stratosphere is that contains Ozone layer. The temperature increases with the increase in altitude.
Mesosphere	Upto 80 kms.	Meteorites burn up in this layer on entering from the space. Temperature starts decreasing with the increase in altitude.
Thermosphere	Up to 400 kms.	In thermosphere temperature rises rapidly with increasing height. It contains electrically charged particals known as ions. Radio rays transmitted from the earth by these ions.
Exosphere	Above 400 kms.	It is uppermost layer of the atmosphere. This is the highest layer and very little known about it.

1. Why do jet aircrafts fly in the stratosphere?
2. Which is the top most layer?
3. Which layer contains ions?
4. In which layer does precipitation and cyclones occur?
Answer:

1. Stratosphere layer is almost free from clouds and associated weather phenomenon, making conditions most ideal for flying jet aircrafts.
2. Exosphere. It is above 400 kms. It is uppermost layer of the atmosphere.
3. Thermosphere contains electrically charged particles known as ions.
4. Troposphere.

Question 4.
What are the effects of climate change on the contemporary World? (SA-I : 2018-19)
Answer:
The affect of climate change on contemporary world.
→ an increase in hunger and water crises.
→ health risks through rising air temperatures and heat waves.
→ increasing spread of pests and pathogens
→ loss of biodiversity.
→ melting of the polar caps.
→ El Nino and La-Nino effect.
→ Frequently cyclonic effect on coastal areas, etc.

9th Class Social 4th Lesson Atmosphere Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is Coriolis effect?
Answer:
Because of the impact of Earth’s rotation on its own axis, the winds move slightly to the right in the northern hemisphere, and to the left in the southern hemisphere. This effect is called Coriolis effect.

Question 2.
About which layer do we have very little knowledge?
Answer:
Exosphere is the upper most layer of the atmosphere. This is the highest layer. Very little is known about it.

Question 3.
Why does the amount of water vapour decrease rapidly with altitude?
Answer:
The water vapour is attracted towards the surface or close to the surface due to the gravitational pull of the earth. Hence the amount of water vapour decreases with altitude.

Question 4.
Name and explain the classification of winds.
Depending upon the wind speed, their features, their directions, the way they occur, winds are classified into three types.
A) Planetary winds –
present on the planet as a whole through out the year, that blow continuously and regularly.

B) Seasonal winds –
Restricted to regions or seasonal in character like monsoons.

C) Local winds –
These blow due to local variation in the temperature and pressure, and influence a very small area.

Question 5.
What is a ‘rain shadow’ region?
Answer:

• The moist air is forced to rise over mountain.
• It gives heavy precipitation on the windward side.
• After that the air, which is devoid of moisture blows over leeward side.
• It does not give rain there. So this dry region is known as ‘rain-shadow’ region.

Question 6.
Discuss the cloud formation and various clouds.
Answer:

• Water vapour in the atmosphere attracts dust particles and condense as droplets.
• These droplets in millions and millions together appear like clouds.
• Clouds are different types based on their forms and heights.
• For examples, Cirrus clouds (at higher level), Cumulus clouds (at middle level), Stratus (at lower level) and nimbus (rain bearing and vertical clouds).

Question 7.
How many pressure belts do we have? And what are they?
Answer:
There are seven pressure belts on the earth’s surface. They are :

1. The equatorial low-pressure belt. (1)
2. The sub-tropical high pressure belts. (2)
3. The sub-polar low pressure belts. (2)
4. The polar high pressure belts. (2)

Question 8.
What is relative humidity?
Answer:
The realtive humidity is the ratio between

• The maximum water vapour that the air can hold and
• The actual amount of water vapour it holds.

Question 9.
What are planetary winds? How many types of winds are there?
Answer:
The winds that blow constantly, regularly above the world’s pressure belts are known as planetary winds. They are of three types :

1. Trade winds
2. Westerlies
3. Polar winds.

Question 10.
Write about local winds.
Answer:
The local winds blow due to local variation in the temperature of the area.
These winds are of two types. They are :
1. Hot local winds
2. Cold local winds.

1. Hot local winds :
Hot local winds raise the temperature of the area.

2. Cold local winds :
Cold local winds sometimes bring the temperature of the local area below the freezing points.
Ex : Mistral, Puna, Pampero, etc.

Question 11.
What is NASA?
Answer:
The space agency of USA is NASA, i.e., the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Question 12.
“The wind flows from high pressure areas to low pressure areas” – interpret the statement.
Answer:

• When any part of the earth heats up and causes low pressure, it means that there is more vacant space and less molecules.
• Now air from other parts where the pressure is higher moves towards this vacant place.
• It is not difficult for the wind to move along the earth’s surface and thus need not go too much against gravity any more.
• That is why the wind flows from high pressure areas to low pressure areas.

Question 13.
“Heat and pressure – If one increases the other decreases – this is called an inverse relationship” – Interpret the statement.
Answer:

• Due to the heating of the earth’s surface, the gas molecules are heated up, they get a lot of energy and start moving very fast.
• The pressure increases as the molecules will be pushing the object more.
• The energised molecules start flying off higher and higher.
• Now they have more energy to defy the pull of the earth.
• When more molecules go to higher reaches of the atmosphere, the place near the earth has less molecules, this means less pushing around or less pressure.
• Thus when it gets hot, the air pressure becomes low and when it becomes cool, the pressure increases.
• In simpler terms “If one increases the other decreases”-this is called an inverse relationship.

Question 14.
Nowadays there is great demand for energy. Conventional energy sources are depleting quickly. In the light of this, assess wind as alternate energy?
Answer:

• Nowadays there is great demand for energy and conventional energy sources are depleting quickly.
• In these situation wind energy is definitely an alternate energy source.
• Winds like planetary, which blow constantly and regularly are of great help in energy production.
• Wind energy is not an exhausting one like conventional resources.
• Winds of other nature like monsoon and local winds also come handy in energy production.

Question 15.
Observe the figure and answer the questions that follow.

1. To which pressure belts are the westerlies blowing?
Answer:
The westerlies are blowing towards sub-polar low pressure belts.

2. To which pressure belts are the easterlies blowing?
Answer:
The easterlies are blowingtowards sub-polar low pressure belts.

3. What are the winds that are blowing towards the equatorial Sow pressure belts?
Answer:
Trade winds are blowing towards the equatorial low pressure belts.

4. What is the other name for the equatorial low pressure belts?
Answer:
The equatorial low pressure belts are also known as “the equatorial doldrums” or ITCZ i.e., Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone.

5. Towards which direction (right or left) are the planetary winds blowing?
Answer:
The winds in the Northern hemisphere are deflecting towards right and the winds in the southern hemisphere are deflecting towards left due to coriolis effect.

Question 16.
Appreciate the role of winds in weather and climate patterns. Draw a parallel from history.
Answer:

• Winds play a very important role in the weather and climate patterns around the world.
• They have also played a very important role in history.
• For example, Vasco da Gama found sea route to India using winds to power his ships.
• He was able to transport and trade in spices with help of these winds.
• These winds are crucial for Portugese to rule over Goa.

Question 17.
Explain the measures to be taken to mitigate the cyclones.
Answer:

• Early warning systems are needed to be installed by the government.
• Government should inform people in advance about the possibility of disasters like cyclones.
• Government shall provide people with longterm security like strong roads, safe pucca houses for people of low land areas.
• Food, water and medical emergency teams should be kept ready whenever there is a forecast of cyclone.
• Close cooperation between people, Non-Governmental organizations and Government organizations are essential to mitigate cyclone affects.

Andhra Pradesh SCERT AP State Board Syllabus 9th Class Textbook Solutions and Study Material Pdf in English Medium and Telugu Medium are part of AP Board Solutions.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Study Material Guide Textbook Solutions Pdf Free Download

• AP Board 9th Class Maths Solutions
• AP Board 9th Class Physical Science Solutions
• AP Board 9th Class Biology Solutions
• AP Board 9th Class Social Studies Solutions
• AP Board 9th Class English Solutions
• AP Board 9th Class Hindi Solutions
• AP Board 9th Class Telugu Solutions
• AP 9th Class Telugu Important Questions
• AP 9th Class Maths Important Questions
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• AP 9th Class Maths Bits with Answers
• AP 9th Class Physical Science Bits with Answers
• AP 9th Class Biology Bits with Answers
• AP 9th Class Social Studies Bits with Answers
• AP State Board 9th Class Maths Notes
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• AP State Board 9th Class Biology Notes
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Andhra Pradesh SCERT AP State Board Syllabus 9th Class English Textbook Solutions and Study Material Pdf are part of AP Board 9th Class Textbook Solutions.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class English Study Material Guide Textbook Solutions Pdf Free Download

Unit 1 Humour

• A. The Snake and the Mirror
• B. The Duck and the Kangaroo (Poem)
• C. Little Bobby

Unit 2 Games and Sports

• A. True Height
• B. What is a Player? (Poem)
• C. V.V.S. Laxman, Very Very Special

Unit 3 School Life

• A. Swami is Expelled from School
• B. Not Just a Teacher, but a Friend (Poem)
• C. Homework

Unit 4 Environment

• A. What is Man without the Beasts?
• B. The River (Poem)
• C. Can’t Climb Trees Any More

Unit 5 Disasters

• A. A Havoc of Flood
• B. Grabbing Everything on the Land (Poem)
• C. The Ham Radio

Unit 6 Freedom

• A. A Long Walk to Freedom
• B. Freedom (Poem)
• C. An Icon of Civil Rights

 

SCERT AP Board 9th Class Social Solutions 24th Lesson Traffic Education Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Solutions 24th Traffic Education

9th Class Social Studies 24th Lesson Traffic Education Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
What documents should a driver carry while driving and what skills are needed to drive safely?
Answer:
The following documents should be carried while driving :

1. Driving licence
2. Registration certificate
3. Taxation certificate
4. P.U.C. certificate
5. Insurance certificate
6. Fitness certificate and permit

The following is a basic description of the skills and abilities a driver needs before getting in the driver’s seat. This applies to people of all ages.

Physical skills and abilities :
Driving requires physical strength. It takes a lot of muscle work too.

1. Hold the body upright to use and control the steering wheel,
2. Maintain sitting balance,
3. Control the head, neck, arms and legs, feet and hands.
4. To operate a vehicle

Physical and mental stamina and muscle flexibility are needed to :

1. sit and drive
2. focus constantly on the task of driving.
3. twist and turn
4. move the head and’ neck side to side, up and down, back and forth.

In addition to these driving requires a clear and alert mind.

Question 2.
What will happen if someone jumps the traffic signal?
Answer:
Traffic signals help to control traffic. It someone jumps the traffic signal, there is a chance of accident.

Question 3.
Suggest a few steps that are taken in your area for road safety.
Answer:
Road safety is a result of contributing efforts from all the sections the society including both civilians and government officials. In addition to the human sufferings, the estimated costs of the road injuries are a noticeable amount in GNP per annum. So some steps can be fruitful in this direction.
A few important road safety steps :

1. Don’t use mobile phone whilst driving.
2. Belt up in the back.
3. Don’t drink and drive.
4. Always adhere to speed limits.
5. Take special care about children, senior citizens and pedestrians.
6. Don’t drive if tired.
7. Pedestrians should walk cautiously.
8. Always observe and anticipate other road users.
9. Keep your distance and
10. Always wear helmets and seat belts.

We follow all these road safety rules in our area.

Question 4.
Explain mandatory, caution and information traffic signs with examples.
Answer:
1) Mandatory signs :
Mandatory signs are indicated in a circular form. In accordance with the motor vehicle Act 1988, every driver of a motor vehicle shall drive the vehicle in conformity with any indication given by the mandatory signs and not obeying there signs is an offence.
Ex : 1. Stop
2. No Parking
3. Overtaking prohibited

2) Cautionary /Warning signs :
Cautionary signs are meant for cautioning the driver about the hazards lying ahead on the road. Drivers must obey there signs for safety. These signs are indicated in a triangular form
Ex : 1. T -inter section
2. Right hand curve
3. School ahead

3) Information signs:
Informatory signs are erected on the road to provide information on direction, destination, road side facilities etc., to the road users.
Ex : 1. Park this side
2. First aid post
3. Public telephone

Question 5.
Kamala wants to purchase a new vehicle. Explain her what are the steps to be taken and what documents are to be produced for the registration of a vehicle?
Answer:
The steps to be taken by Kamala in purchasing a car or something else :

1. Starting out
2. Using incentives and rebates
3. Pricing the car
4. Finding the exact car you want to buy
5. Test driving the car salesman
6. If you are trading in your old car
7. Negotiating for the best finance options
8. Closing the deal
9. Reviewing and signing the paper work,
10. Inspecting and taking possession of your new car.

Documents to be produced for the registration of a vehicle :

1. R.T.O. forms – a) Form 20 b) Form 34
2. Pan card , copy of sales certificate
3. Address proof
4. Insurance cover note
5. Person’s authorized signature
6. Copy of road worthiness certificate
7. Pollution under control certificate

Question 6.
Ramu wants to interchange his vehicle number to other vehicle. Is it correct or not?
Explain, why.
Answer:
No. Ramu cannot interchange his vehicle number to other vehicle.
Reason : Any vehicle registered for its particular registration mark will remain its
identifications and interchange of it is not allowed.

Question 7.
Explain the need of road safety.
Answer:
India loses more than 1,00,000 lives due to road traffic crashes every year. It has a road traffic fatality rate of 16.8 deaths per, 1,00,000 population. Approximately half of all deaths on the country’s roads are among vulnerable road users – motorcyclists, pedestrians and cyclists.

Hence road safety is very important to avoid the accidents and control loss of lives. Road safety ensures that every road user follow traffic rules and thereby avoid traffic jams and deaths due to accidents. For systematic regulation of vehicular traffic, road safety is needed.

Question 8.
Read the table of page ‘Accident Victims Age’ on page 286, identify the age group for which more number of cases registered and draw a bar graph.

Age	Cases	Age	Cases
00-05	24	50-55	207
05-10	58	55-60	138
10-15	40	60-65	113
15-20	152	65-70	57
20-25	345	70-75	49
25-30	380	75-80	13
30-35	254	80-85	12
35-40	294	85-90	0
40-45	226	90-95	0
45-50	215	95-100	0

Answer:
More number of cases registered age group 35 – 40 years age group.

Question 9.
Read the paras under the title ‘Traffic Chaos’ of page 287 and comment on them.
Traffic Chaos:
You have to go to school on the morning. If you are late, you may miss classes. You are struck in a traffic jam. What will you do?
Students, employees, labourers, teachers, doctors and all are affected by traffic jams. Foot paths (Side walks) are considered a boon for pedestrains. Sometimes motorists drive on these side walks also.

Stray animals, fruit and vegetable seller, private vehicles like cars, autorickshaws are parking at No Parking Zones are the main causes for traffic jams. As there is an increase in population and use of automobiles, there has been a rapid increase in the volume of traffic on roads. To avoid the accidents, one must know the prescribed rules and regulations.
Answer:

Road sense on Indian streets is often completely missing. The Indian traffic conditions are chaotic, the drivers are reckless, and the roads are poor repair conditions.

There is a pecking order for right of way – cows / buffaloes are at the top, trucks and buses are second, and dogs and pedestrians are at the bottom. Two wheelers are pretty low down. Pot holes and speed breaker bends are common and rarely marked. Pedestrians, . animals, bicycles, ox carts and tractors all use the roads.

Question 10.
Collect the data from the traffic police /RTA officials who are nearest to you.
Month : Place :
No. of cases booked :

Analyse the data and discuss in your classroom regarding traffic situations in your area.
Answer:
Month : September Place : Vijayawada
No. of cases booked : 1986

The above data is revealing us the negligence of the vehicle riders and road users. They are to be strictly punished.

9th Class Social Studies 24th Lesson Traffic Education InText Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why is it compulsory to have a driving license? (Text Book Page No. 288)
Answer:
Yes, it is compulsory to have a driving license. As per Motor Vehicle Act 1988, a valid driving license is necessary to drive any motor vehicle on public roads.

Question 2.
Observe the given table and answer the questions. (Text Book Page No. 286)

Age	Cases	Age	Cases
00-05	24	50-55	207
05-10	58	55-60	138
10-15	40	60-65	113
15-20	152	65-70	57
20-25	345	70-75	49
25-30	380	75-80	13
30-35	254	80-85	12
35-40	294	85-90	0
40-45	226	90-95	0
45-50	215	95-100	0

1) In which group do you find more cases? Can you say, why.
Answer:
25 – 30. As the people in this age become more independent, they are exposed to risks.

2) How many cases are there in the age group of both 20 – 25 and 25 – 30?
Answer:
345; 380

Question 3.
Observe the following pie-chart and answer the following questions. (Text Book Page No. 287)
1) Discuss the data relating to the accidents – accused vehicles in your classroom.

Answer:
Group discussion in classroom

2) Which type of vehicles are accused of more accidents? Can say why?
Answeer:
Two wheelers. Because they are in more number.

3) What are Traffic Rules and regulations? Discuss in your classroom.
Answer:
Traffic rules and regulations of the road are both the laws and the informal rules that may have been developed to facilitate the orderly and timely flow of traffic.
Note : Students should discuss in the classroom.

Question 4.
With the help of your teacher collect the road surface markings from RTA/Traffic police and discuss the uses of various markings in the classroom. (Text Book Page No. 290)
Answer:
Uses of various markings :

1. Road surface markings are used on paved roadways to provide guidance and information to drivers and pedestrians.
2. These markings promote road safety.
3. These are used to supplement the message of road signs and other devices.

Note : Students should collect road surface markings and discuss in the classroom.

SCERT AP Board 9th Class Social Solutions 17th Lesson Colonialism in Latin America, Asia and Africa Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Solutions 17th Colonialism in Latin America, Asia, and Africa

9th Class Social Studies 17th Lesson Colonialism in Latin America, Asia and Africa Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
Match the following :

Group – A	Group – B
1. Opium war	A) Belgium
2. Ottoman empire	B) Spain
3. Personally owned the	C) Controlled trade before colonization
4. Setting farmers	D) China

Answer:

Group – A	Group – B
1. Opium war	D) China
2. Ottoman empire	C) Controlled trade before colonization
3. Personally owned the	A) Belgium
4. Setting farmers	B) Spain

Question 2.
How is the word ‘discovery’ and ‘exploration’ used by Europeans? What did it mean to people who were already living in those geographical locations?
Answer:
Discovery:

• The word “discovery” means “finding something that we did not know about it before”.
• But in European concept “discovery” is to find faster and easier routes to countries like India, China etc., without passing through regions controlled by Italian traders.

Exploration :

• The step next to discovery is exploration.
• Exploration in European context means “Sending expedition to countries and finding out what resources were available.”
• Europeans explored the backward African and Asian countries for natural resources like, gold, silver, silk, porcelain etc.

Views of native people :

• But the Europeans did not explore these countries but exploited them.
• Virtually the Europeans enslaved them, plundered them, forced them to trade with them etc.
• In South America the natives were deprived of their land and were massacred and driven to interiors.

Question 3.
What role did trade play in the colonisation?
(OR)
“Trade played a major role in the colonisation.” Do you agree? Why?
Answer:
Yes. I agree with this statement.
Reasons:

• Trade played an important role in colonizations.
• Trading items include silk, porcelain, tea, etc., from China; cotton textiles, steel and spices from India; tin, petroleum, rubber, spices, etc., from Indonesia and natural resources from Africa.
• The Europeans had established trading centres in these countries.
• They demanded monopolistic trade relations for the benefit of the colonial powers.
• The European powers had bought these exotic goods and sold them in Europe and made high profits.
• The first Dutch expedition, for example, fetched about 400% profit on its investment.
• As much of 25% of the Dutch government budget came from these profits.
• The English people forced Indians to produce opium and sold that opium in China and earned heavy profits.
• Thus trade played an important role in colonization.

Question 4.
How did the lives of native people in different countries affect the colonisation? Write two ideas each in the context of – crops cultivated/religion/use of natural resources – for the three continents.
Answer:

• Most of the countries were self-sufficient before colonization.
• These colonies were impoverished during colonial powers.

Crops cultivated :

• They were cultivating food crops and the colonies in all three continents were forced to cultivate commercial crops.
• There were shortage of food items and famines and droughts were frequent.

Religion :

• In Asia people were Hindus, Muslims and Buddhists. In Indonesia Muslims were massacred and forced to convert into Roman Catholism.
• In other continents also the Catholic Church played important role in the governance of the colonies.

Use of natural resources :

• All the natural resources like gold, diamonds, silver, iron, coal, tin, rubber, silk, copper were plundered and taken into their countries.
• Colonial powers developed industries in their countries with these resources.

Question 5.
Compare the nature of colonial rule over China and India and Indonesia. What difference and similarities do you find between them?
Answer:

Question 6.
Locate the Portuguese, Dutch, British and French colonies in the world map and filled with different colours.
Answer:

Question 7.
If you were a citizen of Britain, could you support its colonisation? As an Indian citizen could you support or reject colonisation. Give a brief account of your views.
Answer:
Attitudes towards colonialism have varied greatly from time to time and from place to place. I think this is the ever-present truth that the strong dominate the weak.

If I were a citizen of Britian or as Indian I strongly oppose this colonisation. Because every living being in this world has the freedom in the world. So I don’t like to arrest the others’ freedom.

9th Class Social Studies 17th Lesson Colonialism in Latin America, Asia and Africa InText Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Which of the continents were they not familiar with at all? (Text Book Page No. 205)
Answer:
The Europeans were not familiar with the continents of South America and North America.

Question 2.
Which were the continents whose coastal areas were known to them but not the interior regions? (Text Book Page No. 205)
Answer:

• The coastal areas of Africa were known to the Europeans.
• They established trade relations with Asian countries during ancient and medieval periods. Hence the coastal areas of Asia were also known to them.

Question 3.
Why do you think the Spanish Settlers were not allowed positions of importance in the government of the colonies? (Text Book Page No. 208)
Answer:

• Even though the direct colonial rule ended, many remains of the old colonial rule remained.
• Latin Americas had a social system which consisted of very large landlords, a large number of slaves, semi slaves and poor small farmers.
• Industry and trade were under the control of the landlords.
• These landlords paid no interest in developing.
• Old colonialism continued to influence the Latin Americas even after the end of the colonial regime.

Question 4.
Compare the Zamindari system in the Nizam state and the haciendas of South America. What similarities and differences do you find between them? (Text Book Page No. 209)
Answer:

• Haciendas were estates of thousands of acres which contained silver and copper mines, agricultural lands and also factories. They were owned by landlords.
• “Zamindari System” was created by the government. Zamindars were appointed and they were made the owners of the lands. Original owners became tenants.
• Landlords used to employ peons or unfree Indians and African slaves to work on Haciendas.
• Tenents used to work on the lands in Zamindari system and taxes were collected by the Zamindars.

Question 5.
Why do you think the Latin American countries remained undeveloped despite getting independence from colonial rule? (Text Book Page No. 211)
Answer:
I think that the Latin American countries remained undeveloped despite getting independence form colonial rule due to the following reasons :

1. Poverty,
2. Corruption,
3. Lack of a manufacturing base,
4. Drugs,
5. Poor leadership and
6. The U.S.A.

Question 6.
In what way did the Munroe doctrine protect the independence of Latin America? Did it also limit their freedom? (Text Book Page No. 211)
Answer:

• The Munroe doctrine had no clarity regarding the independence of Latin America.
• It asserts that European powers should not consider colonising any American country but it allows an American country to colonize these countries.

Question 7.
How did Britain gain from the Munroe Doctrine? (Text Book Page No. 211)
Answer:

• Britain which had a powerful navy supported the Munroe Doctrine.
• Britain was keen that the American colonies were not under political control of any European power so that they would be free to trade with England and purchase its industrial goods.

Question 8.
Fill in the blanks : (Text Book Page No. 215)
a) Main products imported by western countries from China were ………………………….. and ………………………….. .
b) The product that western countries tried to sell in China was …………………………..
c) Asian country that tried to influence trade in China was …………………………..
Answer:
a) silk, porcelain and tea
b) opium
c) Japan

Question 9.
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.

Most of the trade routes connecting Europe and Asia around 1400 were controlled by Muslim kingdoms, especially the Ottoman Empire which was constantly at war with the European Christian powers. The Italians were able to work out an understanding with the Arab traders who brought Asian goods to the Alexandria (in Egypt) and sold them to the Italians. As traders and governments of western Europe like Holland, Spain, Portugal and England realised the importance of this trade, they wanted to find faster and easier routes to countries like India and China, without passing through regions controlled by Italian traders. The Portugese for example, wanted to find a route around Africa to reach India. The Spanish wanted to know if it was possible to reach India by crossing the Atlantic Ocean. They invested huge fortunes by hiring experienced sea mariners and giving them ships and other resources to explore. This led to the discovery of Central America by Christopher Columbus in 1492 and of sea route to India around Africa by Vasco Da Gama in 1498. Columbus was working on behalf of the Spanish queen while Vasco da Gama was working for the Portugese king. Soon English and Dutch governments too were sending their sailors to these regions.

a) Why do you think the Italians were controlling the trade with Asia in 1400 and not other Europeans like Portuguese or Spanish? (Text Book Page No. 206)
Answer:

• As per theory the Italians came to an understanding with the Arab trader who brought Asian goods to the Alexandria and sold them to the Italians.
• But in reality Italy is in the Mediterranean sea and is very accessible to Egypt, Middle east and east Asian countries. Hence developed good trade with them.

b) Why were the Portuguese and Spanish keen to find other routes to reach Asia? (Text Book Page No. 206)
Answer:

• Italy developed due to the Asian trade.
• So other countries realised the importance of this trade.
• They wanted to find faster and easier routes to countries like India and China without passing through regions controlled by Italian traders.

Question 10.
Look at the map of South America around 1800 to identify the countries controlled by the different powers. (Text Book Page No. 202)

Answer:
Student activity.

Question 11.
Try to formulate the grievances of the following people of the Latin American colonies. (Text Book Page No. 209)
1) Spanish settlers who owned haciendas
2) Small Spanish farmers settled in America
3) Native Americans
4) African slaves settled in Latin America.
Answer:

1.  a) Haciendas were estates of thousands of acres.
   b) These estate owners had no intensives to use modern methods of cultivation or production as they had a supply of cheap abour.
2. Small Spanish farmers did not have any role in the administration of the colonies which were controlled by the Spanish from Europe.
3. A large number of native Americans had been killed. The survied were heavily taxed, and had to provide labour supply to the mines and farms owned by the Spanish.
4. Most of the African slaves were forced to work on the haciendas.

Question 12.
Look at the Map of Africa in 1913 to see the extent of colonial possessions of the European powers in Africa.
Compare the map with a modern map of Africa.
Make a list of the large African countries and write against their names the countries that had colonised them. (Text Book Page No. 216)

(OR)
Look at the two maps given beiow Map A shows the European colonies in Africa in 1913-14 and Map B shows the modern countries of Africa.

Compare the information in this two maps. Draw the table given below in yours answer sheet and write the name of the colonising country against the African Country given.
Answer:

Modern country	Colonial power in 1913
1. South Africa	Britain
2. Egypt	Britain
3. Nigeria	Britain
4. Ghana	Britain
5. Libya	Italy
6. Algeria	Italy
7. Angola	Portuguese
8. Congo	Belgium (Later it became French colony)