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AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 5 Materials: Separating Methods

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Important Questions 5th Lesson Materials: Separating Methods

Question 1.
Name any five objects which are made up of only one material.
Answer:
The following objects are made up of only iron.

1. Iron pan
2. Iron lock
3. Iron key
4. Iron trunk
5. Iron cot
6. Iron crow bar
7. Bodkin (Iron)
8. Blowpipe (Iron).

Question 2.
Name any five objects which are made up of more than two materials.
Answer:

1. Pen (Plastic + Metal)
2. Cycle (Steel + Iron + Rubber)
3. Scissors (Steel + Plastic top)
4. Mirror (Glass + Metal frame)
5. Axe (Iron + Wooden handle)
6. Table (Wood + Steel)

Question 3.
With what material is your pen made?
Answer:
My pen is made of plastic, whereas its clip is made of iron.

Question 4.
How do we decide which material should be used for making an object?
Answer:
Depending upon the use and purpose they serve, we decide which material should be used for making an object.

Question 5.
What are soluble substances?
Answer:
Substances which dissolve in water are said to be soluble substances.

Question 6.
Select those objects from the following which are made up of plastic.
Table, mug, utensils, chair, iron gate, wood, cotton shirt, plastic toy, pen, computer
Answer:
Table, mug, utensils, chair, plastic toy, pen, computer.

Question 7.
Write two substances that are made from leather.
Answer:

1. Belt and
2. shoes.

Question 8.
List out any 5 items that float on water.
Answer:
List of 5 items that float on water:

1. Paper
2. Wood
3. Wax
4. Ice
5. Oil

Question 9. (You might come across some situations where you have to separate some components from a mixture. Write down two examples of such situations.
1. …………………………
2. …………………………
Ex: 1) Rice and small stones. 2) Muddy water.
What do you do to separate the components?
Answer:

1. Rice and small stones are separated by handpicking.
2. Muddy water is filtered with filter paper.

Question 10.
How are stones separated from pulses and rice?
Answer:
Stones are separated by handpicking from rice and pulses.

Question 11.
Give some examples of the handpicking method of separation.
Answer:
Examples for handpicking method of separation:

1. Rotten fruits are removed from fresh fruits.
2. Separating oranges and apples.

Question 12.
When can winnowing be used?
Answer:
Winnowing can be used to separate lighter and heavier components of a mixture. Eg: To
separate husk from grain with the help of air.

Question 13.
Where do we use the chromatography method?
Answer:
We use chromatography to separate colours or pigments from their mixtures.
Ex: 1. To separate colours from ink.
2. To separate colouring pigments from the leaf extract, etc.

Question 14.
Identify the mixtures among the following:
Jangree, coffee, sand, haldi, red chilli.
Answer:
Mixtures:

1. Jangree
2. Coffee
3. Sand with impurities
4. Haldi with impurities.

Question 15.
Can you filter mud water with filter paper?
Answer:
Yes, we can filter the mud water with filter paper.

Question 16.
Is the water clean after the mud water is sieved with filter paper?
Answer:
The mud water filtered after using the filter paper is clean.

Question 17.
Are you able to separate the salt from the saltwater with filter paper?
Answer:
We cannot separate the salt from the saltwater with filter paper.

Question 18.
A solid substance is dissolved in water which method is used for separating it?
Answer:
Filtration.

Question 19.
20. Name the process by which water is separated from rice and pulses after washing them.
Answer:
Sedimentation.

Question 20.
Which process is used to separate a mixture of camphor and salt?
Answer:
Sublimation is the process that is used to separate the mixture of camphor and salt.

Question 21.
How do farmers use sieving?
Answer:
Farmers separate grains which are bigger in size from the smaller ones by sieving. The bigger grains are then used as seeds or sold at a higher price.

Question 22.
What is filter paper? How is it useful?
Answer:
Filter paper is a sieve made of paper that has very fine holes. We can filter very small particles using this type of sieve.

Question 23.
What is sublimation?
Answer:
The process in which a substance changes directly from solid to gaseous form and vice-versa is called sublimation.

Question 24.
What is Chromatography?
Answer:
The process of separating colours from a mixture of colours is called chromatography.

6th Class Science 5th Lesson Materials: Separating Methods 4 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Give a list of objects which would be broken and which might not be broken when they fall on the floor.
Answer:

Question 2.
How do you sort materials as solids, liquids and gases? Write your answer with an example.
Answer:
1) We sort materials as solids, liquids and gases based on their state at normal temperature.

Question 3.
Can you think of any material other than ice that goes from solid to liquid, liquid to gas (vapour)?
Answer:

1. Many materials change their state from solid to liquid and from liquid to gas.
2. Ghee at slightly low temperature will be in solid state.
3. If it is heated it comes to liquid state and on further heating it becomes vapour.

Another example:

1. At room temperature candle wax will be in solid state (candle).
2. When it is lighted it starts burning and liquid wax is seen at the wick of the candle.
3. The white smoke on the top of the wick is wax vapour.

Question 4.
What are the properties of solids and liquids?
Answer:

1. The materials which do not change shape are solids.
   Example: Wood, rock, brick, plastic objects, vegetables … etc.
2. The materials which change shape are liquids.
   Example: Water, rasam, milk, kerosene, oil… etc.

Question 5.
Explain the terms ‘soluble’ and ’insoluble’ with reference to water.
Answer:

1. Substances that get dissolved in water are called soluble substances.
2. Substances that do not dissolve in water are called insoluble substances.

Question 6.
Can you make a cricket ball, with mud or glass?
Answer:

1. We cannot make a cricket baH with mud or glass.
2. If that ball is struck with the bat it breaks into pieces.
3. This ball cannot withstand hard strokes.

Question 7.
Can you make a chair with glass or mud? If not why?
Answer:

1. No. We cannot make a chair with glass or mud.
2. Both are brittle materials and can be broken easily.

Question 8.
Give two examples for soluble and insoluble substances in water
Answer:

1. Soluble substances in water: 1) Sugar 2) Salt
2. Insoluble substances in water: 1) Wood 2) Sand

Question 9.
Create table of objects different types that are made from the same material.
Answer:

Question 10.
Kiran observed his father separating husk and grains by winnowing method in the field and appreciated how wind flow helped in separation. On evaporation, salt is formed from seawater. Isn’t it? How would you appreciate this process?
Answer:

1. The flowing wind carries the lighter husk with it and the heavy grains fall vertically downwards.
2. This winnowing is done with the help of flowing wind which is nature’s gift.
3. Similarly, the evaporation of seawater leaves salt for us. This is done with the help of sunlight. This is also nature’s gift.

Question 11.
When farmers thresh their crops, they get a mixture of husk and grain. How do the farmers separate the husk from the grains?
Answer:

1. On a windy day, a farmer stands on a high platform and allows the mixture of grain and husk to drop slowly from the flat Pan.
   
2. The wind carries the husk forward and the grips fall vertically downward.
3. A separate heap of grain is formed.

Question 12.
How will you separate the tea leaves from tea? Which property helped in the separation of tea leaves from tea?
Answer:

1. Tea leaves are separated from tea using a strainer.
2. The size of the tea leaves is more when compared to the size of the holes in the Strainer.
   This property helped in the separation of tea leaves from the tea.

Question 13.
Laxmi says that sedimentation and decantation are used at home while cleaning rice and pulses for cooking. Describe the sediments in this process.
Answer:

1. While cleaning rice we wash rice with water. Rice settles down in the water as sediments and the lighter impurities float. This is called sedimentation.
2. The water gets separated from the sediment (rice). This process is called decantation.
3. The same process takes place while washing pulses.

Question 14.
We use sieves to separate tea leaves from tea and sand from gravel. What are the differences between the sieves used in the two instances?
Answer:

1. The holes of the sieve to separate tea leaves from tea are small.
2. The holes of the sieve to separate sand from gravel, are relatively large.

Question 15.
With what liquid do doctors mix injection powder before administering injections to patients?
Answer:

1. Before administering injections to patients, doctors mix injection powder with some liquid.
2. This liquid is water and it is known as distilled water.

Question 16.
What is a mixture? Give examples.
Answer:

1. Mixtures contain more than one substance.
2. A combination of more than one substance forms a mixture.
3. Some mixtures are natural like soil.
4. Some mixtures are man-made like laddu, lemon juice etc.

Question 17.
What is a filter paper made of? For what purpose is it useful?
Answer:

1. Filter paper is a sieve made of paper that has very fine holes.
2. We can filter very small particles using this type of sieve.

Question 18.
Can you separate mad from muddy water using a sieve?
Answer:

1. Yes. We can separate mud from muddy water using a sieve.
2. Mud water can be filtered with filter paper. The pores of the sieve (filter paper) are very small.

Question 19.
After using the Filter paper to filter water what do you find? What do you see left behind on the paper? What is obtained in the beaker?
Answer:

1. After using the filter paper to filter mud water. 1 find pure water free from mud in the filtrate.
2. Mud is left behind on the paper.
3. Pure water is obtained in the beaker.

Question 20.
How is salt manufactured?
Answer:

1. Water is generally evaporated in sunlight.
   
2. We use this property while extracting salt from seawater.
3. Seawater is captured in wide pans and is exposed to air and sunlight.
4. Then water evaporates and the salt is left behind in the pans.

Question 21.

1. Identify the part labelled X’.
2. Write a short note about it.

Answer:

1. The name of the part ’X’ is filter paper.
2. Filter paper is a sieve made of paper that has very fine holes.
3. Very small particles using this type of sieve.

Question 22.
Distinguish between the separation methods of winnowing and sieving.
Answer:

Question 23.
What is meant by solvent? Why water is called a universal solvent?
Answer:

1. A solvent is a liquid that dissolves other substances in it.
2. Water can dissolve more substances than any other solvents. So it is called Universal Solvent.

6th Class Science 5th Lesson Materials: Separating Methods 8 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write at least two properties of solids, liquids and gases.
Answer:
A) Solids:

1. Solids have a definite shape.
2. Solids are incompressible.
3. Solids do not flow.

B) Liquids:

1. Liquids occupy the shape of the container.
2. Liquids are incompressible.
3. Liquids can flow.

C) Gases:

1. Gases have no fixed shape.
2. Gases can be compressible.
3. Gases flow and diffuse.

Question 2.
What is the sweet dilemma? How do you support the argument of the student Razia?
Answer:

1. Sugar takes the shape of the container. So one group of students concluded that sugar is a liquid.
2. Razia, a student, took a single crystal of sugar and one drop of water and declared that sugar is solid while water is a liquid.
3. As sugar crystals are very small they assumed the shape of the container. Razia argued that sugar crystal has a definite shape and can be held independently.
4. She showed that a drop of water has no definite shape and is not possible to hold it independently as is done with the sugar crystal.
5. This sweet dilemma is thus solved.

Question 3.
Observe the diagram and answer the following.

1. What is the aim of the experiment?
2. Write two gaseous substances.
3. Did the candle not catch fire from a distance?
4. Does the white smoke represent candle wax in the state of gas?

Answer:

1. Aim: Lighting a candle without touching its wick.
2. a) Oxygen, b) carbon dioxide
3. Yes. It catches fire, as there is vapour around the wick.
4. Yes, the smoke is the gas of wax.

Question 4.
Srikar accidentally mixed mustard seeds with rice and salt. How can he separate them?
Answer:

1. First, this mixture should be sieved through the sieve of small holes.
2. Then rice will remain in the sieve and mustered seeds along with salt will come down.
3. Now take the mixture of mustard seeds and salt in a vessel and add water to it.
4. Let the salt dissolve in the water.
5. Filter it into another vessel using a cloth or filter paper.
6. Mustered seeds will remain on the cloth/ filter paper and saltwater goes down into the vessel.
7. Heat the saltwater till the water completely get evaporate living behind the salt crystals in the vessel.
8. Thus by using three methods- sieving, filtration and crystallization, he can separate
   mustered seeds, rice and salt from their mixture.

Question 5.
Divya suggested some methods to separate mixtures given below. Are they correct? Find whether they are possible or not. Give reasons.
a) Pure water can be obtained from seawater by the process of filtration.
b) Cheese is removed from curdled milk by the process of decantation.
c) Separation of sugar from tea can be done by filtration.
Answer:
a) 1) No. Filteration is used to remove the insoluble substances only. But salt is soluble in water.
2) So, filtration is not used to obtain pure water from seawater.
b) 1) Yes. The decantation method is used to .separate an insoluble substance (cheese) in liquid (milk).
2) So, it can be removed from curdled milk.
c) 1) No. Filtration is used to remove the insoluble substances only. But sugar is soluble in tea it cannot be removed by filtration.

Question 6.
Collect information from your parents regarding various methods used by us to clean food grains at home and prepare a chart to show them.
Answer:
Methods used to clean food grains at home:

1. Handpicking: This method is used for separating small particles of dirt, stone, husk etc., from the grains of wheaL rice, pulses …. etc.
2. Sieving:
   a) Sieving is used when two components of a mixture have different particle size.
   b) Sieving allows the fine particles to pass through the holes of the sieve, while the bigger-particlesTepnain on the sieve. Eg: Sieving of wheat flour.
3. Threshing: The process that is used to separate the grain from stalks is called threshing.

Question 7.
How do you separate mud and sand from muddy water? What is sedimentation and decantation?
Answer:

1. Take a mixture of soil and. water in a glass tumbler and keep it undisturbed for some time.
2. We will find that the sand and the mud particles in the soil settle down at the bottom of the glass tumbler.
   
3. These are called sediments. This process of separation of mud and sand is called sedimentation.
4. After sedimentation, the tumbler is gently lifted.
5. The tip of the tumbler is inclined on the edge of another tumbler without disturbing the sediments. The water gets separated from the sediment (mud).
6. This process is called decantation.

Question 8.
Draw different objects made up of wood which we use in our daily life.
Answer:

Question 9.
Identify the parts labelled ‘A’ ‘B’ ‘C’ and ‘E’ in the following figure.

1. Name of the part A: ……………………..
2. Name of the part B: ……………………..
3. Name of the part C: ……………………..
4. Name of the part D: ……………………..
5. Name of the part E: ……………………..
Answer:
A: Cotton,
B: Funnel,
C: China dish,
D: Burner,
E: Stand

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 4 Water

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Important Questions 4th Lesson Water

6th Class Science 4th Lesson Water 2 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Where do we get water from?
Answer:
We get water from rivers, ponds, lakes, canals and borewells.

Question 2.
For what purpose do we need water?
Answer:
We need water to perform day to day activities like cooking food, washing clothes, cleaning utensils, bathing etc.

Question 3.
Name the two processes responsible for the formation of clouds.
Answer:
Two processes are responsible for the formation of clouds.

1. Evaporation
2. Condensation

Question 4.
Write any natural disasters that are related to water.
Answer:

1. Floods
2. Tsunami
3. Drought

Question 5.
Give some examples of fruits and vegetables that contain more water.
Answer:
Vegetables: Cucumber, tomato, bottle gourd, snake gourd, etc.
Fruits: Watermelon, lemon, orange, muskmelon, mango, etc.

Question 6.
What are the main water sources in villages?
Answer:
In villages wells, canals, tanks, ponds, rivers, etc. are the main water sources.

Question 7.
What are juicy fruits ? Give examples.
A. The fruits that contains more water are called juicy fruits. Ex : Watermelon, grapes, orange, muskmelon. .

Question 8.
What are the forms of water?
Answer:
There are three forms of water in nature. They are
Ice (Solid form), Water (Liquid form) arid Water vapour (Gaseous form)

Question 9.
What is evaporation?
Answer:
The process of water changing into water vapour is called evaporation.

Question 10.
What is a cloud?
Answer:
The water vapour which enters into air through the process of evaporation forms clouds in the sky. .

Question 11.
Define condensation.
Answer:
The process of conversion of water vapour into water is called condensation.

Question 12.
When does a drought occur?
Answer:
If there is no rain for a long period, it may cause drought.

Question 13.
What are hailstones?
Answer:
Big drops of water solidify into ice and fall as pieces of ice known as hailstones.

Question 14.
What do you understand by the word ‘Precipitation’?
Answer:
The kind of weather condition where rain, snow, sleet or hail fall from the sky is called precipitation.

Question 15.
Define the Hydrological cycle.
Answer:
The circulation of water between the earth surface and air is called the Hydrological cycle or water cycle.

Question 16.
What are the main reasons that disturb the water cycle?
Answer:
Deforestation and pollution are the main reasons that disturb the water cycle.

Question 17.
What happens if there is less rainfall or too much rainfall?
Answer:
If there is less rainfall its results in droughts or water scarcity and too much rainfall results in floods.

Question 18.
Name the drought-prone districts in Andhra Pradesh.
Answer:
Ananthapur, Kadapa and Kurnool are drought-prone districts in AP.

Question 19.
Fill the blanks with suitable answers.
A → Water → B
Answer:
A. Ice,
B. water vapour

Question 20.
What is the specific measurement of volume for liquids?
Answer:
Water and other liquids are measured in litres.

6th Class Science 4th Lesson Water 4 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is evaporation? What its importance in our life?
Answer:

• Evaporation is the process of water changing into water by applying heat.
• Evaporation of water helps the atmosphere to provide moisture.
• It helps in the formation of clouds.
• It cools our body from the sweat.

Question 2.
Write the situations of evaporation that we see in our daily life?
Answer:
We observe evaporation by the following situations in our daily life.

• Wet clothes drying under the sun.
• Hot tea getting cold.
• Drying of mopped floor.
• Drying of lakes and rivers
• In the preparation of salt from the sea.
• Grains and fishes dry under the sun.
• In the formation of clouds.

Question 3.
What is the importance of water in our daily life?
Answer:

• Our body needs water to maintain temperature and bodily functions.
• Water helps in digestion of food.
• Water helps to removal of toxins from the body.
• It improves skin moisture.

Question 4.
How do you appreciate the people who dicing a well?
Answer:

• Tapping of ground water by digging a well is tough job.
• The place where the well is to be dug is selected first.
• Workers using cow bars and spades begin to remove the soil at that place.
• The process of digging continues till water in the underground found.

Question 5.
How can you say that three forms of water are interchangeable?
Answer:

• Water is available naturally in three forms as ice, water and water vapour.
• When ice is heated it converts into water and if water is heated it turns into water vapour,
• Where water vapour is cooled it converts into water. If water cooled further, we will get ice.
• So, we can say that three forms of water are interchangeable.
  

Question 6.
Explain how the evaporation takes place.
Answer:

• If water is gently heated, it will become warm and vapour is produced.
• If we heat more it .starts boiling and converts completely into water vapour.
• The amount of heat absorbed by water affects its evaporation.
• If water is heated more, it will evaporate more.

Question 7.
What is the relation between rains arid clouds?
Answer:

• Clouds are formed by evaporation of water.
• When water vapour rises in the sky it forms clouds.
• The clouds are coolecl by cool breeze.
• Then the water present in the clouds condense and they become heavy and descend towards the earth as rain.

Question 8.
Why don’t all clouds cause rain?
Answer:

• The clouds moving in the air are generally at higher levels.
• The cool breeze along with the air makes the clouds cooler.
• Due to this water vapour condenses and causes rain.
• When the warmer air touches the clouds, it makes the water evaporate easily. So that that clouds cannot cause rain.

Question 9.
You might have observed a small dew-drops appeared on grass and leaves of plants. From where do these water-drops came on the leaves and grass?
Answer:

• During the winter season due to low temperature, the fog in the air settle on the grass and plants.
• Due to the transpiration process water is also evaporate through stomata. It also condensed to form fog.
• This fog condensed into tiny droplets of water which is called as dew.
• We can observe this dew only in the early hours of the day.

Question 10.
Have you observed in your daily life where water vapour changes into water? List out them.
Answer:
Yes. Here are the following situations where water vapour changes into water.

• Dew forming on grass and plants in early morning.
• Eye glasses fogging up in a cold winter day.
• Water drops forming a glass holding a cool drink or ice cream.
• Cooked food lid get water drops when the vessel cooled.

Question 11.
What changes do you notice in the sky and in the atmosphere before it rains?
Answer:

• Before the rain the sky becomes dark due to the condensation of the water or the formation of clouds.
• The atmosphere becomes very humid so that we feel so suffocated.
• The sky is covered with rainy clouds and cool wind.
• Some times thundering and sparkling may be occurring.

Question 12.
What are the types of monsoons?
Answer:
There are two types of monsoons in India.
1. South-West monsoon 2. North-East mortsoon

1. South-West monsoon: During the months of June to September clouds are moving along with the winds blowing from western direction. These winds are called SouthWest Monsoon.
2. North-East monsoon: In the months of November and December rains occur due to the movement of clouds in the direction of winds blowing from Eastern side. These winds are called North-East monsoon

Question 13.
How the rain water restores in water sources?
Answer:

• Water that comes from rainfall runs down as small streams.
• These small streams join together and make bigger streams.
• These bigger streams join the rivers.
• The rivers flow down to seas and oceans.
• Some of the rain water seeps into the ground and becomes ground water.

Question 14.
Prepare slogans on Water Conservation.
Answer:

• Water is gift from the creator. Protect it!
• Do the earth a favour- Be a saver.
• Save the water and save the life on the earth.
• Water is essence of life, save rain water.

Question 15.
What precautions do you follow to prevent the water scarcity?
Answer:

• Educate the people to change consumption of water and their life styles.
• Recycle the waste water.
• By following the water management techniques.
• Improve irrigation and agricultural practises
• By following water conservation methods such as rain water harvesting etc.

Question 16.
Which departments serve in natural disaster condition?
Answer:

• National Disaster Relief Force, State Disaster Relief Force, local fire, Health, Police and Revenue department helps the victims of natural disaster.
• Military also participate in relief activities of natural disaster.

Question 17.
What are the reasons for water scarcity?
Answer:
The main reasons for water scarcity are

• Population explosion
• Uneven distribution of rainfall
• Decline of ground water table
• Pollution of water
• Careless use of water

6th Class Science 4th Lesson Water 8 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why the rainy season important for us?
Answer:

• In India, the rainy season is known as Monsoon.
• The season lasts in India for about 3-4 months.
• Indian population mainly depends on agriculture.
• So, the harvesting is largely depending on the quality of rain.
• The rainy season also significant to maintain groundwater levels.
• All the living and non-living things directly of indirectly depend upon the rainy season.
• The monsoon provides us to collect the runoff water by different methods of rainwater harvesting.
• The rains help to replenish the freshwater which is essential for life on the planet.

Question 2.
What are the main types of precipitation? Explain.
Answer:
There are four main types of precipitation. They are rain, sleet, snow and hail.

1. Rain: Water droplets fall when the air temperature is above freezing.
2. Sleet: This occurs when raindrops fall through freezing air, then they turn into pellets of ice.
3. Snow: When the water vapour passes through the very cold air, the water vapour crystallizes and forms snowflakes.
4. Hail: These forms when thunderstorm winds push water back up into the atmosphere. The water turns into ice coated with more water and pushed up to freeze again.

Question 3.
Classify the uses of water in three groups. Uses in a house or a family, for agriculture purposes and others.
Answer:

• Uses of water in a house: For drinking, bathing, washing, cleaning of vessels, toilets etc.
• For agriculture: Water is essential for germination of seeds, irrigation of crops,
• Others: Water helps to maintain our body temperature constant.
  Water is used to generate electricity.
  Water is used in many industries.

Question 4.
Write briefly about the water sources.
Answer:
Water is mainly available in three forms. 1. Ice 2. Water 3. Water vapour
1. Ice:

• It is a solid form of water. Snow occurs naturally.
• It is present in snow-covered mountains, glaciers and polar regions.
• 10% of the land area is covered with glaciers.

2. Water:

• It is a liquid form of water.
• 3/4 th of the earth surface is covered with water.
• It was present in oceans, seas, lakes, rivers and even underground.
• Seawater is salty. But water used by us in our daily purpose is not salty. It is known as freshwater.
• 3% of freshwater is available on earth.

3. Water vapour: The gaseous form of water. It was present in the atmosphere is 0.01%.

Question 5.
How the floods affect human life?
Answer:
Too much rainfall causes floods.
The immediate impacts of flooding include the following:

• Loss of human life,
• Damage to property,
• Destruction of crops,
• Loss of livestock,
• Deterioration of health conditions due to water-borne diseases,
• Destruction of power plants, roads and bridges,
• People forced to leave their own homes,
• Disruption of supply of clean water, transport, electricity, communicating etc.

Question 6.
What are the causes of the droughts? How it affects human life?
Answer:

• When a rainfall is less than normal for a long period of years for a particular region results in drought.
• Deforestation and pollution from factories lead to global warming.
• Global warming changes the atmospheric conditions which are not favourable for clouds to get cooled.
• Consequently, it leads to a decrease the rainfall.

It effects of Human life:

• It is very difficult to get food and fodder.
• Drinking water is scarce.
• People need to travel long distances to collect water.
• The soil becomes dry, agriculture and cultivation become difficult.
• Many people who depend on farming for their livelihood, migrate to other places in search of jobs.
• There is a higher incidence of heatstroke.
• Economic loss and reduced income.

Question 7.
What are the methods of water conservation? Write about water management in briefly.
Answer:
There are mainly two methods followed by us to conserve the water.
1. Water management 2. Rainwater harvesting
1. Water management: Water management consists of the following factors.
a) Bringing awareness about the bad effects of throwing wastes into the water bodies
b) Recycling of water by separating pollutants.
c) Minimizing the use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture. It reduces the pollution of underground water.
d) Controlling deforestation.
e) Adopting drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation in agriculture. In this way, a lesser amount of water can be used for irrigation.

Question 8.
Write about the water conservation method of rainwater harvesting.
Answer:
Direct collection and use of rainwater is called rainwater harvesting There are two types of rainwater harvesting.
a) Collecting water from where it falls.
Ex: Collecting water from the rooftops of the houses or buildings (Roof water harvesting)
b) Collecting flowing rainwater.
Ex: Collecting rainwater by constructing ponds with bund.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Organisms and Habitat

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Important Questions 9th Lesson Organisms and Habitat

6th Class Science 9th Lesson Organisms and Habitat 2 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are living things and non-living things?
Answer:

• The things which possess the characters like growth movement, food, breathing, get rid of wastes, and giving birth to young ones are called living things.
• The things which do not possess these characters are called non-living things.

Question 2.
What are oviparous organisms? Give examples,
Answer:
The organisms which lay eggs are called oviparous organisms. Ex Hen, Crow. Lizard, Snake.

Question 3.
What are viviparous organisms? Give examples.
Answer:
The organisms which give birth to 3’oung ones are called viviparous organisms. Ex: – Man, Cat, Dog, Elephant.

Question 4.
What is a microscope?
Answer:
The microscope is an instrument using for observing minute organisms that we cannot see with our naked eye.

Question 5.
How do you feel when you touch the “Touch me not “plant?
Answer:

• When I touched the leaves of the ‘touch me not’ plant (mimose pudica), The leaves drooped.
• Here, touch is a stimulus to the plant, and folding of leaves are the response of the plant.

Question 6.
Do all the living things grow through out the life?
Answer:

• No all living things do not grow throughout life.
• The plants grow through out life, but the animals grow upto some age only.

Question 7.
Is a dead plant or an animal non-living things?
Answer:

• No, the dead plant, ainimals or any other living beings decompose to form non¬living constituents.
• So we can’t say dead things are non-living things.
• These are intermediate things between living and non-living things.

Question 8.
What are microorganisms?
Answer:
The living things that we can see only under the microscope are called microorganisms.

Question 9.
What is Stimulus?
Answer:
A change in the surrounding that makes an organism to respond is called stimulus.

Question 10.
In which months Pelicans are seen in Kolleru lake?
Answer:
October to March

Question 11.
What is Terrestrial habitat? Name some plants and animals of terrestrial habitat?
Answer:
The plants and animals that live in different places on the land is called Terrestrial habitat. Ex: – Mango, Guava, Sapota, Birds, Man, Snakes, Ants etc.

Question 12.
How can you say “Animals skin is a habitat for some organisms?
Answer:
We often find some insects like a leech on the skin of a buffalo. So buffalo skin is the habitat for that insect.

Question 13.
Where do usually the living organisms stay?
Answer:

• Living organisms have different needs.
• They usually stay in the places where most of their needs are met, that is they get sufficient food, shelter and other conditions necessary for life.

Question 14.
Which animals and plants do you think would like on the surface of the pond?
Answer:
The organisms like a snail, whirling beetle and pond skaters live on the surface of water.

Question 15.
Can different places in the pond also be called habitat? Why? or why not?
Answer:
Yes, different places in the pond can also be called habitat. Why because. Ex : Plant. The plant in a pond habitat provide food oxygen and shelter for the animals. There are different places where plants and animals live. A pond is a habitat too.

Question 16.
Name the different organisms that you find on the tree?
Answer:
Birds, Monkeys, Squirrels, Snakes, Ants, Spiders, Caterpillars, Moths, Bees, Wasps, Small plants (mosses), mosquitoes are some organisms that I find on a tree.

Question 17.
Why do only certain types of animals and plants live along with us?
Answer:

• Because these plants and animals serve us.
• These plants and animals are sure of their shelter, and food.
• We domesticate some types of animals and plants for our needs such as food.

Question 18.
Are all plants that grow in an orchard the same as the plants in a forest? Why is it so?
Answer:

• In an orchard, only fruit plants are grown.
• Tamarind, mango, amla are examples of plants that grow in forests.

Question 19.
Give examples for desert plants?
Answer:
Cactus, Optunia, Aloevera.

Question 20.
Which animals and plants do you think would live in midwater?
Answer:
Great water boatman, Leech, Mosquito larvae, Fish and Crabs.

6th Class Science 9th Lesson Organisms and Habitat 4 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Which characteristics are same in the both living and non-living things?
Answer:

• All living and non-living things are made up of matter.
• All living and non-living things have mass and occupy space.
• Both are made up of structural units.
• Molecule is the structural unit of living and non-living things of the cell.

Question 2.
Do you think both living and non-living things are necessary for our environment, why?
Answer:

• Yes, both living and non-living things are necessary for our environment.
• For example, a plant is a living thing. It takes water and minerals from the soil for its survival.
• It means living things depend upon non-living things. This keeps our environment, well.

Question 3.
Vamsi argues with his friend Ramu about seed is living one. Think what questions does Ramu ask?
Answer:

• Is seed growing?
• Is there movement in a seed?
• Does the seed take food?
• Can the seed breathe?
• How can the seed get rid of wastes in it?

Question 4.
Write down the steps of the experiment that you did in the lab to observe micro-organisms in pond water, well and borewell?
Answer:

• Collect water samples from a pond, well, and bore well.
• Keep them separately.
• Put a water drop on a slide keep a coverslip on it.
• Observe under a microscope.
• We can see different types of micro-organisms in the above three.

Question 5.
What are the different habitats around us?
Answer:

• We find animals living on trees, in our houses, in different areas in the pond, in a small pool of water after rains and in several other places.
• As the area increases, the type and number of organisms living there usually increase.
• You would find more type of organisms living in your house than your hair, and more in the pond than your house, more in the lake than your pond and so on.
• These larger areas are suitable for supporting the life of more organisms.

Question 6.
What are aquatic plants, aquatic animals and aquatic habitat?
Answer:

• In all ponds we can see both plants and animals.
• The plants that we see in water are called aquatic plants.
• Animals are called aquatic animals.

Question 7.
Our house is also a habitat comment on this?
Answer:

• We can say that our house is also a habitat.
• Several animals like dogs, cats, goats, cows, birds, spiders, ants and cockroaches live with us.
• Plants like the money plant and some crotons are also kept inside our houses.

Question 8.
Write a note on desert plants?
Answer:

• Cactus, acacia, aloe vera, plants do not need water.
• They are called desert plants. We can see camels frequently in the desert.
• Desert plants and animals are suited to dry conditions and vast temperature differences.

Question 9.
Rajesh does not want to disturb squirrels that eat fruits on the guava tree at his house. Why does he do so?
Answer:

• The animals take food whenever they get it.
• If they are disturbed during their eating, they get annoyed and may behave with perversion.
• Rajesh does not like to interfere with the nature as its adverse effects reflects on our quality of life.

Question 10.
Why should we take responsibility towards our pet animals?
Answer:

• We should take care of our pet animals. Ex : Dog, Parrots, Cow, etc.
• Keeping their sheds clean, supplying fodder and water to them is our responsibility.
• If we show concern for animals they become affectionate to us.
• You notice your pet dog licks your feet, wags its tail, sits near you and walks with you.

6th Class Science 9th Lesson Organisms and Habitat 8 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Describe the structure of the microscope.
Answer:

• The microscope is an instrument with the help of which we are able to see minute things that we cannot see with our eyes.
• It works like a hand or magnifying lens but it is much more powerful.
• Basically, there are two components in a microscope the structural component and a visual component.
• The structural component are the head/body base and arm.
• Visual components are eyepiece, objective, nose piece coarse and fine adjustment knobs, stage, aperture etc.

Question 2.
What happens if a habitat is disturbed or destroyed?
Answer:
Habitat is a place where many kinds of species that are diversified in nature stays together. When a habitat is being destroyed or destructed due to the less availability of food and other resources they either die or shift to some place else. This results in the instability of the balance in ecosystem.

Question 3.
Why birds are migrating from one place to other place?
Answer:

• Different kinds of birds come from long distances to Kolleru and Pulicat lakes of our state.
• During the months of October to March, Pelican birds appear on those lakes.
• Generally we can see birds flying over long distances to find suitable conditions for reproduction.
• Animals like turtles move away from coasts of West Bengal and Odisha to the coasts of Vishakhapatnam.
• Some fishes like Pulasa migrate from sea water to river water.

Question 4.
Write a note on organisms in water?
Answer:

• Collect water samples from a pond well, bore well and keep them separately.
• Put a drop of water in a slide. Keep another slide on it.
  
• Observe under microscope.
• All water samples do not have the same type of microorganisms.
• There is no water without microorganisms.
• We find difference in the appearance of microorganisms in pond water and bore well water.

Question 5.
Observe the figure and answer the following questions.

a) Does the seed take in food?
b) Is it possible to store the seed for long time?
c) What happens when a seed is shown in soil?
d) How can say that seed is a living thing?
Answer:
a) No. The seed doesn’t take in food. Seed itself carry the food that helps the new plant begin to grow.
b) Yes if we preserve it carefully we can store the food for a long time.
c) It starts to germinate.
d) Seeds germinate and turn into a whole plant. So we can say that seed is a living thing.

Question 6.
What happens if we encroach the habitat of animals?
Answer:
If we encroach the habitat of animals, they may fall in danger.

• Animals are partners of our Habitat.
• They also have a right to live.
• We people are encroaching their habitats.
• If we cut a tree, birds that live on it lose their nests and fall in danger.
• We often see dogs, cows, monkeys suffering from lack of food and shelter.
• There are some voluntary organizations that work for animal rights and protection.
• We have to provide food and protect them, it is our responsibility.

Question 7.
Name some organisms in the pond that can stay in different regions in the same pound. What makes them stay in different regions in pond?
Answer:
The surface of pond:

• Dragonfly, mayfly, snail, kingfisher whirling beetle and pond skater, etc. are found on the surface of the pond.
• However there is plenty of food and air and this is why fish usually come to the surface for feed.

Mid water:

• In mid-water great water boatman, leech and mosquito, larvae fish, and crab are found.

Pond margins:

• In the pond margins animals like frogs, cranes, crabs are found.
• Fish usually lay eggs here.

Bottom of the pond:

• At the bottom plants like hydrilla, and animals like mussels and flatworms live here. Because of their habitat and adaptation, the organisms’ make them to stay at different regions in the pond.
• Light is minimum here but food in the form of dead and decaying matter is in plenty.

SCERT AP 7th Class Maths Solutions Pdf Chapter 8 Exponents and Powers Ex 8.1 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Maths Solutions 8th Lesson Exponents and Powers Ex 8.1

Questions 1.
Express the following into the exponential form:
(i) 14 × 14 × 14
Answer:
14 × 14 × 14 = 143

(ii) 25 × 25 × 25 × 25 × 25
Answer:
25 × 25 × 25 × 25 × 25 = 25

(iii) ab × ab × ab × ab
Answer:
ab × ab × ab × ab = (ab)⁴

(iv) 7 × p × p × q
Answer:
7 × p × p × q = 7 × p² × q

Question 2.
Express the following into expanded form:
(i) 27⁶
Answer:
27⁶ = 27 × 27 × 27 × 27 × 27 × 27

(ii) 101⁵
Answer:
1015 = 101 × 101 × 101 × 101 × 101

(iii) (2b)⁴
Answer:
2b⁴ = 2b × 2b × 2b × 2b

(iv) 3a⁸
Answer:
3a⁸ = 3 × a× a × a × a × a × a × a × a

Question 3.
Express the following In exponential form through prime factorisation: .
(i) 81
Answer:

81 = 3 × 27
= 3 × 3 × 9
= 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
∴ 81 = 3⁴

(ii) 125
Answer:

125 = 5 × 25
= 5 × 5 × 5
∴ 125 = 5³

(iii) 324
Answer:

324 = 2 × 162
= 2 × 2 × 81
= 2 × 2 × 3 × 11
= 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 9
= 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
∴ 324 = 2² × 3⁴

(iv) 1080
Answer:

1080 = 2 × 540
= 2 × 2 × 270
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 135
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 45
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 15
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5
∴ 1080 = 2³ × 3¹ × 5¹

Question 4.
Compute and identify the greater num-ber in the following pairs : 7
(i) 2⁵ or 5²
Answer:
2⁵ = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 32
5² = 5 × 5 = 25
32 > 25
Therefore, 2⁵ > 5²

(ii) 7³ or 3⁷
Answer:
7³ = 7 × 7 × 7 = 343
3⁷ = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 2187
2187 > 343
Therefore, 3⁷ > 7³

(iii) 2³ or 3²
Answer:
2³ = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8
3² = 3 × 3 = 9
9 > 8
Therefore, 3² > 2³

Question 5.
Expand 3³ × 4² and 4³ × 3². Are they equal? Justify.
Answer:
3³ × 4² = 3 × 3 × 3 × 4 × 4
= 27 × 16 = 432

4³ × 3² = 4 × 4 × 4 × 3 × 3
= 64 × 9 = 576

432 × 576 (They are not equal)
Therefore, 576 > 432
So, 4³ × 3² > 3³ × 4²

Question 6.
Express the following numbers in exponential form with the given base.
(i) 1000, base 10
Answer:

∴ 1000 = 10 × 10 × 10 = 10³

(ii) 512 base 2
Answer:

512 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
∴ 512 = 2⁹

(iii) 243 base 3
Answer:

243 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
∴ 243 = 3⁵

Question 7.
If a = 2, b = 3 find the value of
(i) a^a + b^b
Answer:
Given a = 2, b = 3
a^a + b^b = 2² + 3³
= (2 × 2) + (3 × 3 × 3)
= 4 + 27 = 31
Therefore, if a = 2, b = 3 then a^a + b^b = 31

(ii) a^b + b^a
Answer:
Given a = 2, b = 3
a^b + b^a = 2³ + 3²
= (2 × 2 × 2) + (3 × 3).
= 8 + 9 = 17
Therefore, if a = 2, b = 3
then a^b + b^a = 17

(iii) (a + b)^b
Answer:
Given a = 2, b = 3
(a + b)^b = (2 + 3)³ = 5³
= 5 × 5 × 5 = 125
Therefore, if a = 2, b == 3
then (a + b)^b =125

Question 8.
Write the following in Exponential form:
(i) The speed of light in vacuum is about 30,00,00,000 m/sec.
Answer:
Given the speed of light = 30,00,00,000 m/sec
= 3 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10
∴ Speed of light = 3 × 10⁸ m/sec.

(ii) The population of India is about 121,00,00,000 as per 2011 census.
Answer:
Given population of India
= 121,00,00,000
= 121 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10
= 11 × 11 × 10⁷
∴ Population of India = 11² × 10⁷ as per 2011 census.

SCERT AP Board 10th Class Social Solutions 19th Lesson Emerging Political Trends 1977 to 2000 Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus SSC 10th Class Social Studies Solutions 19th Lesson Emerging Political Trends 1977 to 2000

10th Class Social Studies 19th Lesson Emerging Political Trends 1977 to 2000 Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve your learning

Question 1.
i) Economic liberalisation        A) restriction in foreign import tax
ii) Arbitrary dismissal               B) of state governments by central government
iii) Ethnic cleansing                  C) towards people who are different from themselves
iv) Federal principle                 D) greater autonomy for state governments
Answer:
i) A
ii) B
iii) C
iv) D

Question 2.
Identify the major changes in party system during the second phase of Independence.
Answer:

1. The second phase of Independence is from 1977 to 2000.
2. There were many major changes in party system during the second phase of independence.
3. It prevented India from sliding into a single party democracy.
4. A new system of coalition governments are introduced at the central level.
5. Coalition succumbed to fractional struggles.
6. Parties acted in a manner which weakened federal principles.
7. From a time when the term regional party was considered not a very respectable one, now they are much sought after. The state parties also entered into national politics.
8. They form common front to resist the misuse of powers of Governor and arbitrary imposition of President’s rule.
9. They also demanded greater say in national-level decision making, greater financial autonomy and low interference in state matters.

Question 3.
What are the major economic policies discussed in this (chapter) and the previous chapters of various governments at the centre and the state? How are they similar or different?
Answer:
Similarities :

1. Green Revolution was implemented with the co-operation of state governments to increase food grain production.
2. Reservations which are announced by V.P. Singh government to OBC’s are already Implemented in South Indian States.

Differences:

Question 4.
How did regional aspirations lead to the formation of regional parties? Compare the similarities and differences between the two different phases.
Answer:
Regional aspirations have a major role in the formation of regional parties. We can show the following reasons to prove this.
The history of so many states like Andhra Pradesh, Assom shows that the emergence of new regional parties was mainly due to regional aspirations.

Andhra Pradesh:

1. The frequent change of Chief Ministers by the central congress leadership and imposition of leaders from above created a bad taste.
2. There was a feeling that the Andhra Pradesh leadership was not getting respect from the national congress leadership.
3. This was perceived as an insult to the pride of the Telugu people.

Assom:

1. From the British time, Bengalis occupied the lower and middle rungs of the administration in the state.
2. The Assamese speaking people felt that Bengali officialdom did not treat them as equals but as second class citizens.
3. Not only this, Bangladesh people also migrated to Assom.
4. The local people felt that they would lose their cultural roots and soon be out numbered by the ‘outsiders’.

Punjab:

1. In Punjab the difference in language and religion of the dominant population became a point of mobilisation.
2. They also believed that the state had received an unfair bargain when it was created.
3. It laid claims to the new capital city of Chandigarh which remained a union territory directly administered by the centre.
4. Punjab also claimed more water from Bhakra Nangal dam and greater recruitment of Sikhs in the Army.

Question 5.
In order to form governments, it becomes necessary for political parties to attract people from different sections of society. How did different political parties raise these objectives in the
second phase after Independence?
Answer:

1. At the end of emergency Indira Gandhi removed censorship on freedom of movement, campaigns and meetings.
2. Janata Party promised freedom from authoritarian rule and restoration of democracy.
3. Telugu Desam Party promised sale of rice at ₹ 2 per kg to the poor, mid-day meals in government schools and liquor prohibition.
4. Assam Gana Parishad promised to remove the outsiders i.e., Bengalis and migrants from Bangladesh.

Question 6.
What were the developments that weakened the inclusive nature of Indian polity? How is the ability to accommodate different communities and regional aspirations changing?
Answer:

1. There were a few developments that weakened the inclusive nature of Indian polity.
2. After emergency the victorious Janata Party dismissed nine Congress governments in the states.
3. In 1980, when Congress came to power, it dismissed nine Janata governments in the states.
4. The actions of both these, weakened the inclusive nature of Indian polity.
5. The people of many states felt alienated and wanted either greater autonomy or decision making.
6. They demanded centre’s lower interfence in state matters, stopping the misuse of the powers of governor and imposition of President Rule arbitrarily.

Question 7.
How do different types of regional aspirations draw from cultural, and economic dimensions?
Answer:

1. In combined Andhra Pradesh, N.T.Ramarao set up Telugu Desam party and stood for the honour and self-respect of the Telugu speaking people.
2. State could not be treated as a lower office of the Congress party.
3. The Assamese speaking people felt that Bengali officialdom did not treat them as equal but as second class citizens.
4. The local people felt that they would loose their cultural roots and soon be out numbered by the outsiders.
5. Trade and other establishments were in the hands of non-Assamese communities.
6. The major resources of state, including tea and oil were not benefitting the locals but people from Calcutta.
7. In Punjab, people asked for greater recruitment of Sikhs in the army.
8. They belive that the contribution of the state was ignored.
9. They laid claim to the new capital city of Chandigarh, which remained a union territory.

Question 8.
In the early half of India after independence there was importance given to planned development. In the later part emphasis was given to liberalisation. Discuss and find out how does it reflect political ideals.
Answer:

1. In the early half of India after independence Prime Minister was Nehru.
2. For Nehru planning was not only good economics but good politics as well.
3. He hoped that planning development would dissolve the divisions of caste and religion, community and help India to emerge as a strong and modern nation.
4. After that, Indira Gandhi gave the slogan ‘Garibi Hatao’ and decimated the opposition.
5. She tried to achieve the goal of social and economic transformation.
6. In 1992, when P.V. Narasimha Rao formed Government faced a dearth of reserves of foreign currency due to political instability.
7. So he was forced to accept the policy of Economic liberalism.
8. It demanded cuts in subsidies, reduction in restrictions and taxes on import and this period faced still competition to India from global foreign industries.
9. Thus the above economic implications reflected the various political ideas discussed above.

Question 9.
Study newspapers and magazines to identify at least one example each of moderation in policies due to the coalition and how does different political parties in coalition emphasise their regional demands?
Answer:

1. United Progressive Alliance government, led by Congress brought Women Reservation Bill.
2. It was unable to make it pass, as it got stern opposition from partners of a coalition like Samajwadi Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal.
3. So under policy paralysis, though many times it was introduced, it had to be repeated.
4. Another such bill was Lok Pal, which was primarily aimed to bring all the rulers of state and centre to be brought under it.
5. But later due to the opposition from its coalition partners UPA let a number of dignatories outside its purview. The bill was passed.
6. It is an example of moderation in principles.

10th Class Social Studies 19th Lesson Emerging Political Trends 1977 to 2000 InText Questions and Answers

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 264

Question 1.
Write a brief summary of political events discussed about in the previous chapter on independent India.
Answer:

1. Congress party’s dominance in politics in first three general elections.
2. Planning Commission introduced five year plans to bring socio-ecohomic change in the country.
3. Land reforms, agriculture cooperatives and local self governments served the purpose.
4. First challenge was demand for reorganisation of states on the basis of language.
5. Have to face few wars with Pakistan and China.
6. Green Revolution marked substantial growth in food production.
7. There was a tendency of regional movements and regional parties.
8. This phase ended with the imposition of emergency.
9. Panchsheel Treaty was held between India and China.
10. India followed Non-alignment policy.
11. Meghalaya state was formed in 1969.
12. Indo-Pak war was held in 1971 on the issue of liberation of Bangladesh.
13. In 1973 Arab-lsraeli was raised oil prices, and increased inflation in India.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 265

Question 2.
Do you think ‘single party democracy’ would have been a better alternative to multi-party democracy ?
Answer:

1. I don’t think single party democracy would have been a better alternative to multi-party democracy.
2. Single Party keeps on winning takes decisions which are arbitrary and not in compliance with Constitution.
3. They may become authoritarian and over power the democracy system, itself.
4. There was a greater threat for civil liberties and freedoms in single party democracies.

Question 3.
In what ways does a multi-party democracy create favourable conditions for social movements of protest and change ?
Answer:

1. A multi-party democracy creates favourable conditions for social movements of protest and change.
2. JP movement supported the restoration of democracy and freedom from authoritarian rule got support from Janata Party.
3. Anti-outsiders movement for change got support from Assam Gana Parishad.
4. Movement for autonomy in Punjab was supported by Shiromani Akali Dal.
5. Political view points of Socialists, Hindu nationalists, Communists, as well as sectional interests like those of farmers, dalits, backward castes, and regions among others now came to the fore ‘ and asserted their claims.
6. A number of non-political movements like environmental movements, feminist movement, civil liberties movement, literacy movements and so on also emerged and became powerful motors of social change.
7. Protects against the constructions of dams, nuclear power projects, etc.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 267

Question 4.
There have been many instances in which governments at centre removed governments at the state, if they are from different political parties. Discuss how does it violate democratic principles.
Answer:

1. There have been many instances in which government at the centre removed governments at state, if they are from different political parties.
2. It completely violates the democratic principles.
3. When there is a majority government functioning in the state it is not fair to dismiss it.
4. Government at the centre misuses the powers of governors and Article 356.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 268

Question 5.
Discuss the importance of the following factors in the politics of NTR:
i. Background of being a filgi hero.
ii. Fight for self-respect of the state.
iii. Popular welfare schemes for the poor.
iv. Alliance with other regional parties.
Answer:

1. NTR was a popular film actor with nearly 300 movies to his credit.
2. He had vast following and fan base.
3. Congress leadership at the centre frequently changing Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh, people believed not getting respect.
4. He stood for the honour and self rgspect of Telugu speaking people and started Telugu Desam Party.
5. He promised mid-day meal scheme in government schools, sale of rice at ₹ 2 per kg to the poor and liquor prohibition.
6. In his struggle against arbitrary dismissal he was supported by CPI(M), DMK, SAD and National Conference.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 270

Question 6.
In what ways do you think the Assom movement is similar or different from the movement of NTR in Andhra Pradesh ?
Answer:

1. Both the movements are of regional nature.
2. Both the movements set up political parties.
3. Both of them secured political power.
4. Movement of NTR stood for the honour and self respect of Telugu speaking people.
5. Whereas movement in Assom is against Bengalis officialdom and outsiders influx.
6. NTR promised welfare measures such as midday meal scheme in schools, sale of rice ₹ 2 per kg to the poor and liquor prohibition.
7. In Assom,- the movement paved the way for many such movements and even to ethnic cleansing.

Question 7.
Organise a debate in your class on the following themes:
Only one community should live in a region and all posts and trade-business should be in the hands of the people of that specific community only. (OR) All people of India should be free to move from one part to another and settle and work in places of their choice.
Answer:

1. All people of India should be free to move from one part to another and settle and work in place of their choice.
2. Constitution guarantees us the above right.
3. There were nearly 6,748 castes in India.
4. Organise only one community in a region is almost impossible.
5. All posts and trade business cannot be taken up by same community.
6. India fs a country which has unity in diversity and diversity in unity.

Question 8.
Will an open policy of free movement of people cause rich and powerful outsiders to buy up all land and resources and leave the original people of a locality poor and impoverished ?
Answer:

1. Open policy of free movement may cause some rich and powerful outsiders to buy land and own resources.
2. Original people of a locality may also have some native people who are rich and powerful.
3. So it does never happen that outsiders leave original people of a locality poor and impoverished.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 272

Question 9.
What was the role of anti-Sikh riots of Delhi in 1984 in fuelling Sikh separatism and extremism?
Answer:

1. 4 thousand Sikhs were killed and state government seemed to do little to stop the violence.
2. To apprehend and punish the guilt also took many years.
3. This created anguish and anger among the Sikhs.
4. Militant Sikhs killed Longoyyal, who made agreement with centre.
5. Akal Takht made declaration of Khalistan.
6. Several groups engaged in terrorist activities for separate state.
7. This anti-Sikh riots of Delhi in 1984 fuelled Sikh separation and extremism.

Question 10.
Compare the similarities and differences between Assam and Punjab movements. What kind of challenge did they pose to our political system ?
Answer:

1. Assam movement was first anti-outsiders movement then transformed into anti-Bengali, anti¬left and anti-non-Assamese movement and even anti-India stand.
2. It did not subside, even led to ethnic cleansing.
3. Punjab movement went into the hands of militant Sikhs.
4. Anti-Sikh riots and after effected culminated the movement into extremist way.
5. These two movements needed army to restore peace.
6. Military powers were used and civil liberties and freedoms were suspended.
7. They posed a great threat to our unity and integrity.

Question 11.
The way the government handled the two problems, did it strengthen our democratic polity or weaken it ?
Answer:

1. The way the government handled the two problems, it did not strengthen our democratic polity, it weakens it.
2. Government used very harsh methods for the suppression of militancy in Punjab.
3. There were thousands of suspected militants executed.
4. Many were disappeared in police custody.
5. In Assam also army was deployed to reduce tension and bring peace.
6. Civil liberties and freedoms were suspended.
7. Government resorted to undemocratic methods to survive democracy.
8. It would strengthen undemocratic tendencies in the polity.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 273

Question 12.
Looking back from the present, what do you think were the lasting contributions of Rajiv Gandhi to the country ?
Answer:

1. There were many lasting contributions of Rajiv Gandhi to the country.
2. He was instrumental in initiating peace process in Assam, Punjab and even in Sri Lanka.
3. He was the best supporter of Panchayat Raj institutions.
4. His government’s first budget moved towards more liberalised system.
5. He invited telecom revolution in India.
6. He believed poor are not successful in getting access to the fruits of development.

Question 13.
Discuss in your class why the poorest people often do not get to benefit from schemes intended for them. What long-term steps should be taken to ensure that such benefits really reach the poor ?
Answer:

1. The poorest people often do not get to benefit from schemes intended for them.
2. Despite huge increases in development expenditure, the story of the poor remained the same.
3. They have no access to the schemes or knowledge of them.
4. There exists inbuilt corruption at higher level.
5. Participation of mass in governance is very low.
6. So Panchayat Raj Institutions were introduced.
7. Right Information Act was made available.
8. Whistle blowers were given complete protection.

Question 14.
Find out and list all the benefits students of your school are entitled to. Do they manage to get them properly? Discuss in both the class and outside the school in your homes or playground.
Answer:
Benefits of our school:

1. Free textbooks
2. Free uniform
3. Library facility
4. Play ground facility
5. Lab facilities
6. Mid-day meals.

They do manage to get them properly.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 274

Question 15.
Read the following and answer the given questions.

The Prime Ministers Apology

Dr. Manmohan Singh’s statement in the Rajya Sabha
… Four thousand people were killed in this great national tragedy that took place in 1984. This should be an occasion for introspection, how working together as a united nation, we can find new pathways to ensure that such ghastly tragedies never again take place in our country. … / have no hesitation in apologising not only to the Sikh community but the whole Indian nation because what took place in 1984 is the negation of the concept of nationhood and what is enshrined in our Constitution. So, I am not standing on any false prestige. On behalf of our Government, on behalf of the entire people of this country, I bow my head in shame that such a thing took place. But, Sir, there are ebbs, there are tides in the affairs of nations. The past is with us. We cannot rewrite the past. But as human beings, we have the willpower and we have the ability to write better future for all of us….

a) What is the most important message in this speech?
Answer:
Prime Minister apologises for what happened to Sikhs in 1984.
b) What signals does this speech send out?
Answer:
The speech sends out the signals such tragedies could never repeat, we can make our future better by letting this behind us.
c) Why is it important that the Prime Minister made this speech?
Answer:
What took place in 1984 is the negation of the concept of nationhood and what is enshrined in our constitution. So it is important that Prime Minister made this speech.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 276

Question 16.
While some people feel that coalition politics has weakened the government others feel that it has prevented any party from steamrolling its agenda on the country. Discuss this with examples.
Answer:

1. It became mere impossible for any single party to win a majority of the seats to form government on its own.
2. No party could pursue its extreme agendas and tone down their approaches.
3. Early coalitions were instable.
4. Now coalitions are getting re-elected.
5. So keeping ail in the view coalitions are must.
6. They are preventing any party from steamrolling its agenda on the country.

10th Class Social Textbook Page No. 277

Question 17.
Compare the land reforms in West Bengal and the land reforms in Vietnam or China. In what ways were they similar or different ?
Answer:
Land Reforms in China: The major steps in land reforms were a class identification of all village inhabitants, followed by the confiscation and redistribution of landlord land and other properties. Land Reforms in Vietnam : A reduction of 25% in land rents, the cancellation of all secondary rents and the cancellation of all areas in rent owed by tenants before August, 1945.

Land Reforms in West Bengal: Operation Barga was introduced. West Bengal Government recorded the names of the sharecroppers and secured their rights. All the legal documents were issued and distributed on the spot immediately. As a result the sharecroppers felt secured.
In all the three issues the governments created a security feeling in the winds of the tenants. They controlled the inhumane acts of the landlords.

Question 18.
Why do you think the protection of sharecroppers led to an increase in production?
Answer:
As a result of Operation Barga, the landlords were largely prevented from forcibly throwing the bargadars off the land. In fact, the bargadar rights were made hereditary and thus perpetual. Secondly, the State guaranteed that the bargadars would receive a fair share of the crop (75 per cent if the bargadar provided the non-labour inputs and 50 per cent if the landlord provides those inputs). In all, approximately half of rural households in West Bengal have received land reform benefits.
As a result of these measures, agricultural production in West Bengal had increased.

Andhra Pradesh AP Board 3rd Class Telugu Solutions 3rd Lesson మంచి బాలుడు Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 3rd Class Telugu Solutions Chapter 3 మంచి బాలుడు

చిత్రం చూడండి. ఆలోచించి మాట్లాడండి.

ప్రశ్నలకు జవాబులు చెప్పండి.

ప్రశ్న 1.
చిత్రంలోని సన్నివేశాల గురించి మాట్లాడండి ?
జవాబు:
వన్య మృగాలు, కౄరమృగాలు కలిసి మృగరాజైన సింహాన్ని మోసుకుంటూ దగ్గరలోని వైద్యశాలకు తీసుకొచ్చాయి.
లేదా
ఒక అడవిలో వన్యమృగాలు, కౄరమృగాలు కలిసి మెలిసి జీవనం సాగిస్తున్నాయి. ఒకసారి- మృగరాజైన సింహానికి ఆరోగ్యం బాగుండలేదు. ఆ సంగతి తెలుసుకుని అక్కడున్న కొన్ని జంతువులు – స్నేహ ధర్మానికి ప్రధాన్యతచ్చి- ఆ సింహాన్ని దగ్గరలోని వైద్యశాలకు తీసుకొచ్చాయి.

ప్రశ్న 2.
చిత్రంలో ఏయే జంతువులు ఉన్నాయి? ఏం చేస్తున్నాయి ?
జవాబు:
చిత్రంలో పులి, ఏనుగు, ఎలుగుబంటి, కోతి, సింహం ఉన్నాయి. సింహాన్ని మిగతా నాలుగు జంతువులు మోసుకెళ్తున్నాయి.

ప్రశ్న 3.
మీరు మీ ఇంట్లో ఎవరెవరికి ఏ విధంగా సహాయం చేస్తారో చెప్పండి.
జవాబు:
నేను మా అమ్మకు : ఇల్లు శుభ్రం చేసే విషయంలో సహాయ పడతాను. వంట చేసే విషయంలో సహాయపడతాను. అమ్మకు అన్ని విషయాలలో సహాయపడతాను.

నేను నాన్నకు : అడగంగానే మంచినీళ్ళు – టీ, కాఫీ ఫలహారం- అమ్మనడిగి తీసుకొచ్చి ఇస్తాను. నాన్నగారు అడిగిన వస్తువులు వెంటనే వెతికి పెడతాను.

తాతగారికి, అమ్మమ్మ గారికి : సమయానికి అన్ని అందేలా సహాయపడతాను. మందులు చక్కగా తీసి చేతికి అందిస్తాను. తాతగారికి మామ్మగారికి అన్ని విధాలుగా సహాయపడతాను.

పిల్లలూ! పై చిత్రం నుండి మీరు రాయగలిగినన్ని పదాలు రాయండి:
జవాబు:

1. వైద్యశాల
2. రహదారి
3. సింహాం
4. ఏనుగు
5. పులి
6. ఎలుగుబంటి
7. కోతి
8. రోగిని మోసుకెళ్ళే మంచం

ఇవి చేయండి

వినడం – ఆలోచించి మాట్లాడటం

ప్రశ్న 1.
గేయాన్ని అభినయం చేస్తూ పాడండి.
జవాబు:
ముందుగా ఉపాధ్యాయ కృత్యం. ఆ పై విద్యార్థి కృత్యం

ప్రశ్న 2.
గేయ కథలో బాలుడు ముసలమ్మకు సహాయం చేశాడు కదా! మీరెప్పుడైనా ఎవరికైనా అటువంటి సహాయం చేశారా! చెప్పండి.
జవాబు:
కథలో బాలుడు లా నేను కూడా ఒకసారి సహాయం చేశాను. ఎలాగంటే… రోజూలాగే ఆ రోజు కూడా సంచి తీసుకుని పాఠశాలకు వద్దామని నడుస్తున్నాను. మధ్యలో రహదారి దాటాలి. వాహనాల రద్దీ కొంచెం ఆగగానే నాతో పాటున్న చాలా మంది దాటి వెళ్ళిపోయారు. కాని ఒక ముసలాయిన దాటలేక అక్కడ ఉండిపోయాడు. అది చూచి నేను ఆ పెద్దాయన చేయి పట్టుకుని జాగ్రత్తగా ఆ రహదారి దాటించాను. అప్పుడు ఆయన చాలా ఆనందించాడు. నాకు కూడా చాలా ఆనందం కలిగింది.

ప్రశ్న 3.
గేయ కథను మీ సొంతమాటల్లో చెప్పండి ?
జవాబు:
వర్షం ఎక్కువగా కురవటం వల్ల కాల్వలు బాగా నిండాయి. వీధులు నీళ్ళతో నిండాయి. చెప్పులు బట్టలు తడిసిపోయి జనులందరూ జాగ్రత్తగా వెళ్తున్నారు. ఆ దోవలోనే ఒక ముసలమ్మ కూడా వెల్తోంది. వణికిపోతోంది. నడవలేక నడవలేక నడుస్తోంది. చాలా మంది పిల్లలు, పెద్దలు ఆ దారిలోనే ఆ ముసలమ్మ ప్రక్కగానే వెళ్తున్నారు. కాని ఎవ్వరూ సాయం చేయటం లేదు.

ఇంతలో ఆ దగెరలోని బడి వదిలారు. పిల్లలందరూ వడి వడిగా ఆనందంగా ఇళ్ళకు పరుగులు తీస్తున్నారు. ఆ పరిగెత్తే పిల్లల్లో ఒక పిల్లాడు ఆ ముసలమ్మ బాధను చూసి, ఆమె చేయి పట్టుకుని జాగ్రత్తగా నడిపిస్తూ ఆమె ఇంటి దగ్గర దించి వచ్చాడు.

దించి వచ్చి, తనతోటి స్నేహితులతో – స్నేహితుల్లారా! అమ్మ ఎవరికైనా అమ్మేకదా! ” ఏదో ఒక రోజు మా అమ్మకు కూడా ఎవరో ఒకరు సాయం చెయ్యాలి కదా!” అన్నాడు. ఆ మాటలకు అందరూ ఆనందపడ్డారు. కష్టాల్లో ఉన్న వారికి సాయం చెయ్యని మనిషి జీవితం అనవసరమని వారు తెలుసుకున్నారు.

చదవడం – వ్యక్త పరచడం

అ) కింది వాక్యాలకు సమాన అర్థాన్నిచ్చే గేయ పాదాలను గేయంలోత గుర్తించి గీత గీయండి.

ప్రశ్న 1.
వీధులన్నీ నీళ్ళతో నిండాయి :
జవాబు:
వీధుల్లో కాల్వలు కట్టాయి, కాల్వల నిండా నీళ్ళొచ్చాయి.

ప్రశ్న 2.
పిల్లల పాదాలు నేలపై ఆనడం లేదు :
జవాబు:
బాలుర అడుగులు ఆనవు భూమిని

ప్రశ్న 3.
మనుషులు నెమ్మదిగా నడుచుకుంటూ వెళ్తున్నారు :
జవాబు:
జనులు మెల్లగా పోతున్నారు.

ప్రశ్న 4.
సందడి చేస్తూ వచ్చారు :
జవాబు:
కేకలు వేస్తూ, పరుగులు తీస్తూ వచ్చారెంతో సందడి చేస్తూ.

ప్రశ్న 5.
ఇంటి దగ్గర దిగబెట్టి వచ్చాడు.
జవాబు:
విడిచి వచ్చి నాడాయె భవనమున

ఆ) కింది పేరాను చదవండి. పేరా ఆధారంగా జతపరచండి.

జోరున వాన కురిసింది. నేలంతా బురదగా వుంది. ముసలమ్మ వణకుతు నడుస్తున్నది. ఒక పిల్లవాడు ఆమెను చేయి పట్టుకొని రోడ్డు దాటించాడు. అందరూ అతడిని అభినందించాడు.

జవాబు:

ఉదా :

1. జోరున వాన కురిసింది
2. నేలంతా బురదగా మారింది
3. ముసలమ్మ గడగడ వణికింది
4. పిల్లవాడు చేయి పట్టుకొని నడిపించాడు
5. అందరూ అభినందించారు.

ఇ) కింది కథను చదవండి. ప్రశ్నలకు సమాధానాలు రాయండి.

ఒకరోజు కాకికి దాహం వేసింది. పెరట్లో ఓ నీళ్ళ కుండ కనిపించింది. కాని అందులో నీళ్ళు అడుగున ఉన్నాయి. అవి కాకికి అందడం లేదు. కుండలో కొన్ని గులక రాళ్ళు వేసింది కాకి. అప్పుడు నీళ్ళు పైకి వచ్చాయి. కాకి ఆ నీళ్ళు తాగింది. హాయిగా ఎగిరిపోయింది.

ప్రశ్న 1.
కాకికి నీటి కుండ ఎక్కడ కనిపించింది?
జవాబు:
కాకికి నీటి కుండ పెరట్లో కనిపించింది.

ప్రశ్న 2.
కాకికి కుండలో నీరు ఎందుకు అందలేదు?
జవాబు:
కుండలో నీళ్ళు అడుగున ఉన్నాయి. అందుకు కాకికి నీళ్ళు అందలేదు.

ప్రశ్న 3.
కాకి కుండలోని నీరు పైకి రావడానికి ఏం చేసింది?
జవాబు:
కుండలో కొన్ని గులక రాళ్ళు వేసింది. అప్పుడు కుండలో నీళ్ళు పైకి వచ్చాయి.

పదజాలం

అ) పాఠంలోని జంట పదాలను గుర్తించి రాయండి.
జవాబు:
ఉదా :

1. తళ తళ
2. మిల మిల
3. గడ గడ
4. వడివడి
5. కిల కిల

ఆ) కింది మాటలు గమనించండి.

మెరుపు – మెరుపులు

పై మాటల్లో మొదటిది ఒకటే (ఏకవచనం). అంటే ఒక మెరుపు. రెండో మాట మొదటి దానికి ‘లు’ చేర్చినది. అంటే ఒకటికంటే ఎక్కువ ఉన్నాయని అర్థం (బహువచనం). కింది పదాలకు బహువచనాలు రాయండి.
ఏకవచనం – బహువచనం
కేక – ……………………..
కల – ……………………..
పిల్ల – ……………………..
అడుగు – ……………………..
జవాబు:
ఏకవచనం  –  బహువచనం
కేక  –  కేకలు
కల  –  కలలు
పిల్ల  –  పిల్లలు
అడుగు  –  అడుగులు

స్వీయరచన

కింది పదాల ఆధారంగా ‘వర్షం’కు సంబంధించిన రెండు వాక్యాలు రాయండి.

జవాబు:

1. వర్షం జోరుగా కురింసింది.
2. వర్షం కురిసి వీధులు నిండాయి.
3. వర్షం కురిసి కాలువలు నిండాయి.
4. వర్షం కురిసే ముందు మెరుపులు మెరిసాయి.
5. వర్షం వలన దారులన్నీ బురదమయం అయ్యాయి.

సృజనాత్మకత

సాయం చేసిన పిల్లవాడికి అవ్వ మూడు బహుమతులు ఇచ్చింది అనుకోండి. ఆ తరువాత ఏం జరిగి ఉంటుందో చిత్రాలు చూసి కథ చెప్పండి.

ప్రశ్న 1.

జవాబు:
అవ్వబాలుడికి లడ్డూ, పూలమొక్క విసనకర్ర ఇచ్చింది.

ప్రశ్న 2.

జవాబు:
లడ్డు తన ముద్దుల చెల్లికి ఇచ్చాడు.

ప్రశ్న 3.

జవాబు:
తనూ, తన చెల్లెలు కలసిమొక్కనాటి నీళ్ళు పోసారు.

ప్రశ్న 4.

జవాబు:
విసన కర్రతనకు ఇష్టమైన-ఉపాధ్యాయురాలికి ఇచ్చాడు.

ప్రశంస

గేయంలో బాలుడు ముసలమ్మకు సహాయం చేసి, మంచి పని చేశాడు కదా! మీరు ఏయే మంచి పనులు చేస్తారో చెప్పండి.
జవాబు:

1. రద్దీగా ఉండే రహదారి దాటలేని వారికి, పెద్ద వారికి కళ్ళు, కాళ్ళు లేని వారికి చేయూత నిస్తాను.
2. ఆకలితో అలమటిస్తున్న అనాధలను ఆదుకుంటాను.
3. నాతోటి స్నేహితులలో చదువులో వెనుకబడిన వారిని (ముందుకు నడిపిస్తాను) చదివిస్తాను.
4. పుస్తకాలు లేని పేద విద్యార్ధులకు – మా తల్లిదండ్రులను అడిగి సాయం చేస్తాను.
5. ఈ విధంగా సమాజానికి అన్ని విధాలుగా – మంచి పనులు చేస్తాను.

భాషాంశాలు

అ) కింది వాక్యాలు చదవండి.

1. తేజ బడికి వెళ్ళాడు.
2. నేను రేపు సినిమాకు వెళ్తాను.
3. మా తోట చాలా అందంగా ఉంది.

పై వాక్యాల చివర చుక్క ( ) గుర్తు ఉందికదూ! ఇలా వాక్యం చివరన ఉంచే (.)ను వాక్యాంతబిందువు (పూర్ణ విరామం) అంటారు. దీన్ని ఆంగ్లంలో ‘పుల్ స్టాప్” అంటారు. ఈ పూర్ణ విరామ బిందువు ఉంటే ఆ వాక్యం అక్కడికి పూర్తి అయింది అని అర్థం.

ఆ) కింది పేరాను చదవండి. పూర్ణవిరామాన్ని సరైన చోట ఉంచండి.

ఒక అడవిలో కుందేలు ఉంది అది ఆడుకుంటూ కాలుజారి పడింది దాని కాలికి దెబ్బ తగిలింది కదలలేక ఏడ్చిండి కోతి వచ్చింది కుందేలును ఆసుపత్రికి తీసుకొని పోయింది.
జవాబు :
ఒక అడవిలో కుందేలు ఉంది. అది ఆడుకుంటూ కాలుజారి పడింది. దాని కాలికి దెబ్బ తగిలింది. కదలలేక ఏడ్చిండి. కోతి వచ్చింది. కుందేలును ఆసుపత్రికి తీసుకొని పోయింది.

ఇ) కింది వాక్యాలు చదవండి. పదాల మధ్య ఉన్న గుర్తును గమనించండి.

1. తోటలో జామ చెట్లు, సపోట చెట్లు, మామిడి చెట్లు ఉన్నాయి.
2. రాము, అంజి, జగ్గు మంచి స్నేహితులు.
   

పై వాక్యాలు చదివేటప్పుడు కొన్ని చోట్ల కొద్దిగా ఆపి చదువుతాం కదా! అట్లా ఆపి చదవటాన్ని స్వల్ప నిరామం అంటారు. అట్లా స్వల్ప విరామం ఇచ్చే చోట [,] గుర్తు ఉంది కదూ! దీన్ని స్వల్ప విరామ చిహ్నం అంటారు. ఆంగ్లంలో ‘కామా’ అంటారు.

ఈ) ఈ కింది పేరాను చదవండి. స్వల్ప విరామ చిహ్నాన్ని (కామాను) సరైన చోట ఉంచండి.

ఒక చెరువులో కప్పలు చేపలు తామరపూలు ఉన్నాయి. అక్కడికి జయ జలజ రాకేష్ వెళ్ళారు. తామర పూలను చూసి ఆనందించారు.
జవాబు:
ఒక చెరువులో కప్పలూ, చేపలూ, తామరపూలు ఉన్నాయి. అక్కడికి జయ, జలజ, రాకేష్ వెళ్ళారు. తామర పూలను చూసి, ఆనందించారు.

సారాంశం

ఒకరోజు జోరున వాన కురుస్తుంది. నేలంతా బురదగా మారింది. ఆ జోరు వానలో ఒక ముసలమ్మ గడగడ వణుకుతూ నడుస్తున్నది. ఆమె అడుగులు తడబడుతున్నాయి. ఆమెను ఎవరు పట్టించుకోవటం లేదు. ఆ సమయంలో బడి వదిలారు. 4 పిల్లలు సందడి చేస్తూ బయటకి వచ్చారు. ఆనందంగా గెంతులు వేస్తూ వెళ్తున్నారు.

ముసలమ్మను చూసిన ఒక పిల్లవాడు నేరుగా ఆమె వద్దకు వెళ్ళాడు. చేయి పట్టుకొని రోడ్డు దాటించాడు. ఆమెను వాళ్ళ ఇంటిదగ్గర దిగబెట్టి వచ్చాడు. అప్పుడు అవ్వ అబ్బాయిని దీవించింది. ఆ అబ్బాయి స్నేహితుల దగ్గరకు తిరిగి వచ్చాడు. “అమ్మ ఎవరికైనా అమ్మే” అన్నాడు. ఏదో ఒకరోజు మా అమ్మకు కూడా ఎవరో ఒకరు సాయం చేయ్యాలి గదా! అన్నాడు.

పిల్లలందరికి అతని మాటలు నచ్చాయి. ముసలమ్మకు సాయం చేయనందుకు వారంతా సిగ్గుపడ్డారు. కష్టాలలో ఉన్నవారికి సాయం చెయ్యని మనిషి జీవితం వ్యర్థం అని వారు తెలుసుకున్నారు.

పదాలు – అర్థాలు

వీథులు = బజారులు
జడిసి = భయపడి
జనులు = ప్రజలు, జనం
త్రోవ = దారి
వడి = వేగం
సాయం = సహాయం
ముదుసలి = ముసలి
జాలి = దయ
కొనిపోవు = తీసుకుపోవు
మనము = మనస్సు
దుర్బలులు = బలం లేనివారు
మనుజుడు = మనిషి
మనుగడ = జీవనం, జీవితం

కవి పరిచయం

కవి : ఆలూరి బైరాగి
కాలము . : 5.11.1925 – 9.9.1978
రచనలు : చీకటిమేడలు, నూతిలో గొతుకలు, ఆగమగీతి, దివ్యభవనం
విశేషాలు : 20వ శతాబ్దపు ఆగ్రశ్రేణి తెలుగు కవుల్లో ఒకరు. మానవుడి అస్తిత్వ వేదనని కవిత్వంగా వెలువరించారు. కేంద్రసాహిత్య అకాడమి పురస్కారం పొందారు.

ఈ మాసపు పాట

కలపండి చేయి చేయి

ప॥ కలపండి చేయి చేయి కలపండి
పదిమంది భుజం భుజం కలపండి
చేయి చేయి కలపండి.

చ॥ కొండరాళ్ళు పగులగొట్టి కోన చదును చేద్దాం…
కోస వెంట దారితీసి రాదారులు వేద్దాం
కొండరాళ్ళు పగులగొట్టి కోన చదును చేద్దాం
కోన వెంట దారితీసి గోదారులు వేద్దాం
కొండ కోన లొంగ దీసి కొల్లలు పండిద్దాం
|| కలపండి ||

చ॥ పాదుకుంటు పనిచేస్తే పదిమందికి లాహిరి
ఆడుకుంటు పనిచేస్తే అనిసించదు చాకిరి
పాడుకుంటు పనిచేస్తే పదిమందికి లాహిరి
ఆడుకుంటు పనిచేస్తే అనిపించదు చాకిరి
కలకత్తా కాశ్మీరం కాశీ కన్యాకుమారి
కలిపేస్తాం రైలుదారి కానకోన రహదారి
|| కలపండి ||

కవి పరిచయం

కవి : దేవులపల్లి వేంకట కృష్ణశాస్త్రి
కాలము : 1-11-1897 – 24-2-1980
రచనలు : ‘కృష్ణపక్షం’, ‘ఊర్వశి’, ‘ప్రవాసము”
విశేషాలు : ఆధునిక తెలుగు కవిత్వంలో భావకవిత్వ యుగానికి తలుపులు తెరిచారు. అచ్చమైన తెలుగు కవి. అక్షర రమ్యత, భావనా సౌకుమార్యం, శబ్ద సంస్కారం కృష్ణశాస్త్రి కవిత్వ లక్షణాలు అందుకనే వారి కవిత్వాన్ని శ్రీ శ్రీ ఇక్షు సముద్రంతో పోల్చారు. పద్మభూషణ్ పురస్కారం అందుకున్నారు.

ఈ మాషపు కథ

బావిలో నీళ్ళు
లక్టర్ – ఉరుల కథ

అక్బర్ ఆస్థానంలో బీర్బల్ అనే మంత్రి ఉండేవాడు. ఆయన ఏ సమస్యనైనా తన తెలివితేటలతో సులువుగా పరిష్కరించేవాడు.

ఆ రాజ్యంలో ఒక జమీందారు ఉన్నాడు. అతను రైతుకి ఒక బావి అమ్మాడు. ఆ రైతు బావిలో నీళ్ళు తోడుకోవడానికి వెళ్ళాడు. అప్పుడు జమీందారు రైతుని ఆపాడు. “ నేను నీకు బావిని అమ్మాను కానీ, అందులోని నీళ్ళు అమ్మలేదు. అవి నావి. ఆ నీళ్ళు కావాలంటే తగిన ధనం ఇచ్చి తోడుకో!” అన్నాడు.

రైతుకి కోపం వచ్చింది. వారిద్దరి మధ్య గొడవ మొదలైంది. నాయ్యం కోసం అక్బర్ ఆస్థానానికి వెళ్ళారు. అక్బర్ వారు చెప్పినదంతా విని బీర్బల్ వైపు చూశాడు. సమస్యను పరిష్కరించమన్నాడు.

బీర్బల్ కొద్దిసేపు ఆలోచించాడు. జమీందారు వైపు చూసి ఇలా అన్నాడు “సరే నువ్వు బావి ఒక్కటే అమ్మావు, నీళ్ళు అమ్మలేదు కదా!” జమీందారు సంతోషంగా “అవును” అన్నాడు. బీర్బల్ అడిగాడు “బావి రైతుదేనా?” జమీందారు ” అవును ” అన్నాడు.

” సరే, రైతు బావిలో నీ నీళ్లు ఉన్నాయి. వెంటనే బావిలోని నీళ్ళన్నీ తోడుకొని వెళ్ళిపో లేదా నీళ్ళు పెట్టుకున్నందుకు రైతుకు అద్దె చెల్లించు” అని తీర్మానించాడు.

జమీందారు ముఖం పాలిపోయింది. చేసిన తప్పుకు తలదించుకున్నాడు. రైతుని మోసం చేయాలనుకున్నందుకు తనను క్షమించమని అక్బర్ పాదుషాని వేడుకున్నాడు. రైతు సంతోషించాడు. అక్బర్ బీర్బల్ ని అభినందించాడు.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 7th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Reflection of Light

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Science Important Questions 9th Lesson Reflection of Light

7th Class Science 9th Lesson Reflection of Light Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
When will you be able to see clear image of yourself in a plane mirror?
Answer:

1. Point a torch towards the mirror so that it’s light falls on the mirror which we hold up as shown in figure (a), and try to see our image in the mirror.
   
2. Now turn the torch towards our face as shown in figure (b), and see our image in the mirror.
   
3. We will find that when light is focused on our face we can see our image clearly in the mirror.
4. We also notice that when light is focused on the mirror we find a dim image of our face in the mirror.

Question 2.
Explain by a simple activity what are incident and reflected rays of light. What is reflection of light?
Answer:

1. Place a blank sheet of paper on the ground such that part of it is in the sunlight and other part of it is in the shadow.
2. Hold the mirror strip with the slit facing the sun.
3. Let a ray of light from the slit fall on the paper.
4. Now take another mirror strip and place it in the path of this light ray such that the ray coming from first mirror falls on the second mirror as shown in figure.
   
5. We did not see any other ray of light, apart from the one from the mirror slit, on the paper.
6. This effect of the mirror strip on the ray of light is called reflection.
7. The ray of light falling on the mirror is called the incident ray and the ray returning from it is called the reflected ray.

Question 3.
Explain the terms ‘Angle of incidence’, ‘Angle of reflection’ and ‘Normal at the point of incidence.’
Answer:

1. Take a sheet of blank paper. Draw a line segment AC across the middle.
2. Draw another straight fine at right angles (90 degrees) to segment AC.
3. The second line should bisect segment AC at point B. We shall call this line as Normal. See in figure, (a)
   
4. Draw two lines from point B on the left side of the normal and two on the right side. The lines should be at angles of 30° and 60° respectively from the normal. Number these lines 1, 2, 3, 4 as shown in figure, (b)
   
5. Place a mirror strip vertically on segment AC with its reflecting surface facing the normal.
6. See that the back of the mirror coincides with segment with a slit and let its light ray fall along line 4.
7. Now this ray is the incident ray for the mirror.
8. The angle between the normal and the incident ray is called the Angle of Incidence (∠i).
9. The angle between normal and the reflected ray (along line 1) is called the Angle of Reflection (∠r).
10. Adjust the mirror strip with the slit so that its light ray falls along line 3 and we find that the reflected ray falls along line 2.
11. Adjust the mirror strip with the slit so that its light ray falls along normal, then the angle of incidence is 0° (the angle between normal and incident ray “that is also normal here”, is 0°)
12. The reflected light reflects back along the normal itself.

Question 4.
What relationship exists between angle of incidence and angle of reflection? State it and prove the relation by a simple activity.
Answer:

1. In the case of reflection on mirrors the law of reflection is Angle of incidence ∠i = Angle of reflection ∠r.
2. Proof : by a simple activity.
   • Take a sheet of blank paper. Draw a line AC on it.
   • Draw another straight line at right angles to AC.
   • This line should bisect AC. This line is normal.
   • Draw two lines from point B on the left side of the normal and two lines on the right side of the normal.
   • The lines should make angles of 30° and 60° respectively from the normal. Number these lines as 1, 2, 3 and 4 as shown in figure.
     
   • Place the mirror strip vertically on AC. With its reflecting surface facing the normal.
   • Take the mirror strip with a slit and let its light ray fall along line 4.
   • We find the reflected ray coming along the line 1.
   • Note the angle of incidence and angle of reflection.
   • Repeat the experiment by sending the light ray along line 3.
   • The reflected ray is found to be along line 2.
   • Record the observations.
     
     It is clear from the above activity that angle of incidence ∠i = angle of reflection ∠r.

Question 5.
Describe a small activity to prove that it is possible to see the image of an object only when the incident ray, reflected ray and normal are at the same plane.
Answer:

1. Place a mirror (1ft. × 1ft.) on the floor. You and your friends A, B, C stand on four sides of the mirror as shown in figure.
2. Adjust your places of standing, in such a way that each one of you can see the image of the person opposite to you in the mirror kept on the floor.
3. Your friends A, C are able to see images of each other in the mirror.
4. Ask your friend – B, who is in front of you to move a feet aside from his place. You cannot see his image in the mirror.
   
5. Imagine a normal to the mirror. It would be perpendicular to the mirror as well as to the floor.
6. Imagine an incident ray coming from your friend B, falls on the mirror then the reflected ray from mirror reaches you.
7. Observe that the incident ray, reflected ray and normal lie in the same plane.
8. Now think why the image of your friend B is not visible to you when he moves aside. Where should.you stand to see his image? Once again imagine the incident, reflected rays and normal and assumed plane.
9. It is evident that the incident ray, reflected ray and normal should be in same plane, then only you can see your friend.

Question 6.
How would you get an image in a mirror?
Answer:

1. We see our image in a mirror many times. How it is formed?
2. During day time the light which falls on us gets reflected and a number of reflected light rays from us that fall on the mirror also get reflected back.
3. These reflected rays reach your eye and make us see our image.
4. See figure (a). Thus formation of image in mirrors is due to reflection of light rays from the mirror.
   
5. See the figure (b) and observe the lines. They will explain how the image of a candle is formed in the mirror and how we are able to see the image of the candle in the mirror.
   

Question 7.
What is the difference between you and your image in a mirror?
Answer:

1. Stand in front of a mirror as shown in figure (a) and observe on which side of you does the pocket on your shirt appear, when you look into the mirror.
   
2. Raise your right hand infront of a mirror as shown in figure (b). Which hand of your image appears raised?
3. To make your image to comb hair with its right hand, what will you have to do?
4. What do these observations suggest?
5. In a mirror, right of an object appears as left and left of the object appears as right.
6. Note that only sides are interchanged. This is called lateral inversion.

Question 8.
How can you make a garden in a box ? Describe the procedure.
Answer:

1. Take an empty shoe box. Place two plane mirrors along the edges.
2. See that the pair of mirrors are parallel to each other and their reflecting surfaces face each other as shown in figure.
   
3. Scratch the centre part of a mirror at its back and make a hole to the wall of the box such that it coincides with the scratched portion of the mirror.
4. Put some flowers in the box. Make a few holes in the lid before closing the box so that light enters into the box.
5. Now look through the hole. You can see a wonderful and beautiful vast garden.

Question 9.
Why does the small area look like a vast garden?
Answer:

1. The light which enters the box falls on the flowers, gets reflected and travels in all directions.
2. The rays which fall on the mirrors reflect back to the opposite mirror.
3. This process happens again and again.
4. Due to this multiple reflection we can see that small area as a big garden.

Question 10.
Explain what do you understand by regular reflection and irregular reflection.
Answer:

1. Reflection from a smooth surface like that of a mirror is called regular reflection (see figure a).
2. Clear images are formed in case of regular reflection.
3. Reflection from a rough or irregular surface is called irregular reflection or diffused reflection (see figure b).
4. Images are not clear in case of irregular reflection.
5. In some cases we can’t find the image at all.
   

Question 11.
Can we use rear view mirror in place of plain mirror? Yes /No give the reason.
Answer:
No. We cannot use rear view mirror in place of plane mirror. The reasons are:

1. In plane mirror we can see our images.
2. But in rear view mirror we cannot see our images. So there is no use to use rear view mirror.

Question 12.
A mirror is hanging in your room. Your friend is sitting in the same room in a chair. If your friend wants to see you in a mirror, how will you adjust your position? Explain. ’
Answer:
I will adjust my position according to the laws of reflection. According to the laws of reflection Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection. If my friend wants to see me in a mirror, I will adjust my position (i.e) the angle of incidence is equal to angle of reflection. Then my friend will see me in that mirror.

Question 13.
What are rays of light? How do you produce rays of light?
Answer:

1. Take a mirror strip and a black paper as shown in figure, (a)
2. Cover the mirror strip with black paper and cut a 1 mm wide slit in the black paper, as shown in figure b.
3. Hold the mirror strip with the slit facing the sun as shown in figure, (c).
   
4. We will see some light coming through the slit. Let this light fall on a sheet of paper spread on the ground.
5. Light coming from such a slit or any other small hole looks like a ray of light.

Question 14.
Why should we keep mirror strips parallel to each other in periscope? What happens if they are not parallel?
Answer:

1. In a periscope the incident ray for the second mirror is the reflected ray of the first mirror.
2. When these two mirrors are parallel to each other, only then the rays lie in the same plane and can pass through the windows of the periscope.
3. If these mirrors make some angle with each other, then the reflected ray of the first mirror may not reach the second mirror or the reflected ray of second mirror may not pass through the window of periscope.
4. In both cases we can’t see the object with the periscope.

Question 15.
Can you spell your name as it appears in a mirror? Spelling of my name is …………………..  It appears in the mirror as ……………
Answer:
The student has to do it.

Question 16.
Show that the size of an object and its image are same.
Answer:

1. Stand in front of a big mirror. Observe your image.
2. Step back two feet and step forward one foot. Observe your image while you move to and fro.
3. You notice that your image also move.
4. Estimate the distance from you to the mirror and the distance from the mirror to the image.
5. Is the size of your image equal to your size? Place an object in front of the mirror. Compare the size of the object with its image.
6. We notice that irrespective of the size of mirrors, the size of image and the size of object are equal.

Question 17.
How are multiple images of an object formed?
Answer:

1. Take two plain mirrors of same size and join them with a cellophane tape as shown in figure.
   
2. Fold the mirrors through certain angle and place an object between them. We see multiple images of the object.
3. Count the number of images after changing the angle between the mirrors.
4. If we change the angle between the mirrors the number of images of the object also changes.

Question 18.
Explain the formation of images with spherical mirrors.
Answer:

1. Place the concave and convex mirrors on two different V – stands.
2. Put two candles of same size in front of them as shown in figure.
   
3. Adjust the position of candles, to form clear images in the mirrors.
4. Observe the sizes of images.

Question 19.
What are real and virtual images? Explain with the help of an activity.
Answer:

1. Place a concave mirror on a V-stand.
2. Place a lighted candle in front of it. Place a thick white paper or white drawing sheet behind the candle.
3. This acts as a screen. See figure.
   
4. Adjust distances between candle and mirror, screen and mirror by moving them either forward or backward till a clear image appear on the screen.
5. Repeat the activity using a convex mirror and plane mirror in place of concave mirror.
6. The image that can be obtained on a screen is called a Real Image. We can see this image in the mirror too.
7. The image that can’t be obtained on a screen but can be seen only in the mirror is
   called a virtual image.

Question 20.
Explain how are we able to see the objects around us in day time?
Answer:

1. We already know that, to see any object, light should fall on it.
2. In daytime we are able to see all objects which are in our room even though sunlight does not fall directly on those objects.
3. The multiple reflection of sunlight from surfaces like wall, floor, ceiling etc, finally falls on the object and gets reflected by it and reaches us.
4. This enables us to see the object.

Question 21.
How do you make a periscope?
Answer:

1. We have to secure the following materials to make a periscope. Empty agarbatti box, two mirror strips, scale, pencil, blade, match box, candle, glue.
2. Close both ends of the agarbatti box. Draw squares at both ends.
3. Draw the diagonal to these squares as shown in figure.
4. Slit the diagonals with a blade. The slits should equal to the length of the mirror strips.
5. Fix the mirror strips in these slits as shown in figure (b). Take care to see that these mirror strips lie parallel to each other, with their reflecting surfaces facing each other.
   
6. Fix the mirror strips firmly to the box with a few drops of molten wax from a burning candle. We can also use glue or fevicol instead of wax.
7. Cut out two windows on the narrow sides of the box as shown in figure (c). The windows should open directly on the reflecting surfaces of the mirror strips.
8. Now the periscope is ready.

Question 22.
How would you use the periscope?
Answer:

1. When we look through window 2, We will be able to see things lying in front of window 1.
2. We hide behind a tree, we can easily see that is happening on the other side of the tree with this periscope.
   
3. Observe in figure the girl is viewing objects outside the room through the window while hiding herself in the room, with the help of a periscope.

Question 23.
Keep the mirrors in such a way that the angle between the mirrors is 90 degrees and observe the images and compare them with the object. What do you notice? Is there any difference between those images? Imagine the reason for that.
Answer:

1. We observe 5 images of the object .
2. The intensity of the images decreases.

Question 24.
What are spherical mirrors?
Answer:

1. We have seen the mirrors whose reflecting surfaces look like the head of a steel spoon.
2. The mirrors which contain curved reflecting surfaces are called spherical mirrors.

Question 25.
Why do we call concave and convex mirrors as spherical mirrors?
Answer:

1. Take a rubber ball and cut a portion of it with knife as shown in figure. Be careful. Ask your teacher to help you in cutting the ball).
   
2. The inner surface of the cut piece of ball is called concave surface and the outer surface of it is called convex surface.
3. If the reflecting surface of a mirror is concave, it is called a concave mirror see figure (a)
   
4. If the reflecting surface is convex, then it is called as convex mirror. See figure (b).
   
5. Any concave or convex mirror is a part of a sphere. Hence these mirrors are called spherical mirrors.

Question 26.
How is the image of a candle is seen in a mirror. Draw a diagram to explain.
Answer:

1. See the diagram below.
2. The ray of light from the candle is reflected at the mirror, and bounces off at the same angle as it come to the mirror.
   
3. Our eye does not know that the light has been reflected.
4. Our eye sees the object (the candle) in the mirror, and feels that light is coming from that candle which seems to be behind the mirror.
5. In this way we see an image of the candle.

Question 27.
Take a drawing sheet and cut it into a few pieces. Write an English letter in capitals on each piece of drawing sheet. Observe the images of the letters formed in the mirror as shown in figure.

1. Which of the images appear same as the original letter?
2. Which of them appear reversed? Why?

Repeat above activity with Telugu / Hindi / Urdu letters and also with numbers 1 to 9, then try to answer the above questions.
Answer:
This can be done by the student.

Question 28.
On the front side of ambulances, the word AMBULANCE is written like why?
Answer:

1. All vehicles should give way to an Ambulance.
2. When the driver has seen the vehicle behind it, letters written on it must be clearly visible.
3. So the letters Ambulance are written on the vehicle with lateral inversion.
4. When the image of these letters are seen in the rear mirror, they will be laterally inverted and the name Ambulance will be clearly visible to him.
5. The driver immediately gives way to that Ambulance.

Question 29.
Every day we see our image in a plane mirror. Is it a real or virtual image? How can you decide?
Answer:

1. It is a virtual image.
2. The image formed in a plane mirror cannot be caught on a screen.

Question 30.
Keep a mirror close to your face and look into it. Move the mirror backward and observe the image. What change do you observe? Try this activity using Convex, Concave mirrors. In which mirror do you get an inverted image ?At what distance does it happen?
Answer:

1. When the mirror moves by a distance of minimum 25 cm. then only we can see our image in the plane mirror.
2. If it is a concave mirror, as long as our face it with in the focus of the concave mirror a small virtual image of the face is seen.
3. When the concave mirror is at a distance beyond its focus, then the image formed will be bigger in size.
4. In the case of convex mirror a virtual, small image is formed in it when it is kept at a suitable distance form the face.

Question 31.
Why are rearview mirrors arranged for vehicles?
Answer:

1. The mirrors at both sides of driver in motor vehicles like bus, car, motor vehicles are rearview mirrors.
   
2. These are used by drivers to see vehicles which are moving behind or beside of the vehicle without turning
   their heads.

Question 32.
Take a plane mirror. Go to a vehicle. Observe your image in the rearview mirror and as well as in the plane mirror. What difference do you find?
Answer:
We have noticed that the image formed by the rearview mirror is smaller than the image in a plane mirror.

Question 33.
a) How is the image on the outer portion of the spoon?
b) How is the image on the inner portion of the spoon?
Answer:
a) The image on the outer portion of the spoon is small in size.

b) The image on the inner portion of the spoon is reversed.

Question 34.
Have you noticed the surface of reflection in a torch light or in a head light of a vehicle? What is its specialty?
Answer:

1. Observe the torch light or headlight of a vehicle.
2. We notice a concave mirror behind the bulb (see figure)
3. Due to this concave surface the brightness of a small bulb is increased.
   

Question 35.
What happens if the surface of reflection in the torch or in a head light of a vehicle is convex like in figure?

Answer:

1. The intensity of light totally decreases.
2. A convex mirror diverges the light rays.
3. So the rays of light from the bulb diverge out. Giving small intensity of light on the road.

Question 36.
How is concave mirror useful to dentists?
Answer:

1. Dentists use concave mirrors to examine our teeth (See figure).
   
2. These concave mirrors used by doctor help to see a bigger image of teeth.

Question 37.
In our daily life while we stand in front of windows we observe our images on the glass of some windows but don’t find images on the glass of some other windows. Why?
Answer:

1. Our image is clear when we stand in front of certain types of glass as shown in figure (a).
   
2. Our image is not clear when we stand in front of some other types of glass as shown in figure (b).
3. If the surface of the window glass is smooth, due to the regular reflection we are able to see our image in that glass.
4. But if the surface of the window glass is rough, due to the irregular reflection we can’t find our image or we find unclear images in that glass.

Question 38.
Observe the image of the sun or a tree in still water. Later, disturb the water by throwing a pebble. How does the image of the Sun or the tree appear now? Why?
Answer:

1. When the water is still, its surface will be smooth and regular reflection takes place on it.
2. The image of an object formed due to still water will be clear.
3. When water is disturbed, the surface of water becomes rough and irregular reflection takes palce.
4. Due to this irregular reflection the image of an object may not be formed, if formed it will not be clear.

Question 39.
How many images are formed if two mirrors are kept in 60° angle to each other?
Answer:
The angle between two plane mirrors = 60°
Number of images formed

5 images are formed.

Question 40.
Sasi asked her father to fix mirrors on her new house for elevation. But her father did not accepted. Imagine why he said like that.
Answer:

1. If we decorate the front portion of the house, accidents may happen.
2. Because sunlight falls on these mirrors and reflects back.
3. This reflected light may fall on the men and vehicles, leading to accidents.

Question 41.
You are given a mirror. How can you identify whether it is convex mirror or concave mirror?
Answer:
A)

1. If the reflecting surface of a mirror is concave, it is called a concave mirror.
2. These mirrors form real and inverted images.
3. These are used in headlights of vehicles. ENT doctors also use these mirrors for their observations.

B)

1. If the reflecting surface is convex, then it is called a convex mirror.
2. They always form erect and virtual images.
3. These are used in rear view mirrors of the vehicles.

Question 42.
The following experiment has been conducted in your laboratory.

Answer the following questions based on this.

1. Which mirror is used in this experiment?
2. How does the image of candle appear on the screen?
3. Since the image is caught on the screen, what is the name of the image?
4. What are the apparatus required to conduct this experiment?

Answer:

1. Concave mirror
2. Inverted
3. Real image
4. U-stand, mirrors, candle, matchbox, screen, scale.

Question 43.
List out the properties of a convex mirror.
Answer:
Properties of a convex mirror :

1. If the reflecting surface is convex, then it is called a convex mirror.
2. Always form erect and virtual images.
3. These are used in rear view mirrors of the vehicles.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 6th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 3 Animals and their Food

AP State Syllabus 6th Class Science Important Questions 3rd Lesson Animals and their Food

6th Class Science 3rd Lesson Animals and their Food 2 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Define herbivores.
Answer:
The animals which feed on only plants and plant products is called herbivores.

Question 2.
Define carnivores.
Answer:
The animals that feed on only animals are called carnivores.

Question 3.
Define omnivores.
Answer:
The animals that feed on both plants and animals are known as omnivores.

Question 4.
What are frugivorous animals?
Answer:
The animals feed mostly on raw fruits, succulent fruits like vegetables, roots,, shoots, nuts and seeds are called frugivorous animals.

Question 5.
In which animals are common in frugivorous animals?
Answer:
Mammalian herbivores are frugivorous animals commonly.

Question 6.
What are the senses used by animals to track food?
Answer:
Animals use a wide range of senses to track food such as – smell, sight, hearing, taste and touch.

Question 7.
Which parts in the animal’s body are used to collect the food?
Answer:
Many animals use the parts in their body such as mouth,- hands, or feet-, teeth, claws, and tongue to collect the food.

Question 8.
Give examples of animals that use the visionary sense to find its food.
Answer:
Vulture and eagle use their visionary sense to find their food.

Question 9.
Give examples of animals use the sense of touch to find their food.
Answer:
Spiders and pond skaters use the sense of touch to find their food.

Question 10.
What are pond skaters?
Answer:
Pond skaters are the insects that lives on the surface of the pond and feed op other insects at the pond.

Question 11.
Name some animals which use the tongue as a tool for taking food.
Answer:
Frog, lizard, dog, chameleon, echidna etc.

Question 12.
Which part helps the leech to lake food in?
Answer:
Suckers in the mouth help the leech to take food in.

Question 13.
Name the birds which have strongly hooked beak, and long beak?
Answer:
Strongly hooked beak – Vulture.
Long beek- Crane.

Question 14.
How the hummingbird takes its food?
Answer:
Hummingbird sucks nectar from the flowers with its long thin beak.

Question 15.
What is the similarity do you find in the duck teeth and fish teeth?
Answer:
Duck teeth and fish teeth act as filters to get food from the water.

Question 16.
Which parts of a cow’s mouth involved in eating its food?
Answer:
Jaws, teeth, and tongue are involved in eating its food.

Question 17.
Give examples for natural scavengers.
Answer:
Crows, Vultures are examples for natural scavengers.

Question 18.
Which parts help the wild animals for hunting?
Answer:
Wild animals like tiger and lion has strong legs to run, sharp claws to catch and sharp teeth to tear flesh.

Question 19.
Which animals have a similar mechanism as frogs to get in food?
Answer:
Lizard and chameleon have a similar mechanism to get their food.
These animals use their tongue as a tool to pick its food.

Question 20.
What is a food chain?
Answer:
The feeding relationship between different organisms in a particular habitat is called food chain.

Question 21.
Define food web.
Answer:
A food web is the natural interconnection of food Chains in a particular habitat.

Question 22.
How can you say that ants are good farmers also?
Answer:

• The ants cut leaves into pieces and create a bed to grow a type of fungus which they eat.
• As they cultivate a fungus, they are said be good farmers also.

Question 23.
What are producers? Give examples.
Answer:
Producers are organisms that make their own food. Ex: All plants.

Question 24.
What is a primary consumer? Give examples.
Answer:
A primary consumer is an organism that feeds on producers for their energy. Ex: Deer, Cow, Goat.

Question 25.
What is a secondary consumer? Give examples.
Answer:
A secondary consumer is an organism that feeds on the primary consumer for energy. Ex: Hen, Wolf, Fox, Fish

Question 26.
What is a tertiary consumer? Give examples.
Answer:
A tertiary consumer is an organism that feeds on a secondary consumer. Ex: Tiger, Lion.

Question 27.
What are decomposers? Give examples.
Answer:
Decomposers are an organism that breakdown dead or decaying organisms. Ex: Bacteria, Fungi.

6th Class Science 3rd Lesson Animals and their Food 4 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How can you say that animals use some senses more strongly than the others?
Answer:

• Animals use different senses to find out their food.
• They are – smell, touch, hearing, sight and taste.
• For example, dogs use the sense of smell, while vulture use vision.
• Bats depends on hearing, while some reptiles on taste.

Question 2.
How the pond skaters found their food?
Answer:

• Pond skaters are insectivorous as they eat insects.
• Pond skaters detect ripples produced in water by other insects.
• They compare the ripples on the opposite sides of the pond caused by the legs of the insect struggling to move out.
• Pond skater calculate the distance and set out to grab it.

Question 3.
“The same part may be used in different ways by different animals. How can you support this?
Answer:

• The same part of animals used by different ways by different animals.
• Ex: Tongue used by dog in a different manner as compared to frog.
• The dog licks with its tongue while the frog captures and swallows it.

Question 4.
“Different parts may be used to take in the same type of food. ” How can you agree with this statement?
Answer:

• The same type of food is taken by different animals by using their different body parts.
• Ex: Insects are the food for hen and frog, but the body parts are different to take in.
  Hens use their beak to pick insects, while frogs use their tongue to grab the insect into the mouth.

Question 5.
How leeches get their food?
Answer:

• We will find leeches near water.
• Leeches stick on to the skin and suck the blood of cattle as well as humans.
• They have special structures called suckers in their mouth.
• With the help of sucker, the suck the blood from the animal.

Question 6.
How is the shape of bird’s beak related to what it eats?
Answer:

• The beaks are different because the birds eat different kind of food.
• The shape of bird’s beak is designed for eating a particular type of food such as seeds, fruits, insects, nectar, fishes and other small animals.

Question 7.
What is the speciality duck beak than other birds?
Answer:

• Ducks are mostly aquatic birds.
• Ducks have teeth, but they are not like the teeth of a cow or lion.
• They are not useful in grinding food.
• They act as filters: to get food from water.

Question 8.
How do animals eat?
Answer:

• Plants and animals are the main sources of food in our surroundings.
• Every animal has its own style of getting food.
• They track down, collect, grab or hunt to get their food.
• They use the various parts of the body to take food into the mouth finally.

Question 9.
How does a frog get its food?
Answer:

• Frog eat bugs, spiders, larvae and small fish etc.
• The frog throws out its sticky tongue towards the art insect.
• The insect gets stuck on the frog’s tongue.
• Then the frog swallows it.

Question 10.
How does a cow get its food?
Answer:

• Cow depend on plants for food, so it is an herbivore.
• Cows chew the food quickly and swallows and store it in a part of their stomach.
• After sometime, they take food material back from the stomach to the mouth and chew it again.
• This process is called rumination. In this process jaws, tongue, teeth are involved.

Question 11.
Write about rumination?
Answer:

• Rumination is a process in which the animals bring the previously consumed food into the mouth once again and chew it.
• It is also defined as the action of chewing.
• This process is commonly seen in the animals such as cattle, sheep, goat, deer, camel, buffalo, giraffes.
• Jaws, tongue, teeth are involved in this process.

Question 12.
How a dog gets its food?
Answer:

• Dog is an omnivorous animal.
• It senses the food with smell.
• Mouth, teeth, tongue, legs, nails are involved in taking the food.
• The dog licks water with its tongue and drink it.

Question 13.
Distinguish the difference between food chain and food web.
Answer:

Question 14.
What is the importance of decomposers in a food chain?
Answer:

• Bacteria and fungi are decomposers.
• Decomposers break down dead plants and animals.
• They return the nutrients into the soil for other organisms to use.
• They help in the cycling of materials between producers, consumers, and soil.

Question 15.
What are the similarities and differences found in the birds’ duck and crane?
Answer:

• Duck and crane both are aquatic birds.
• Duck and crane use their beaks to catch the fish.
• The crane has a long beak to catch the fish in the water.
• The duck beak is broad and flat and has teeth. The teeth act as filters to get food from the water.

Question 16.
How the beak of a crow differs from the beak of a parrot?
Answer:

• Parrot and crow both are omnivorous animals that eat both plants and animals.
• The parrot has a hooked bill to eat fruits and crack the nuts.
• It is also used for climbing as well as manipulating and crushing objects.
• The crow has a large strong beak to eat fruits, seeds, insects, fishes, and other small animals.

Question 17.
What are natural scavengers? What it’s importance in nature?
Answer:

• Scavengers are the organisms that feed on the dead and decaying matter.
• these help the environment to be clean by eating out all the waste matter.
• They keep our surroundings clean in this manner.
• Ex: Crows, vultures, and some insects.

Question 18.
What is the difference between producers and consumers?
Answer:

Question 19.
Draw a neat diagram of the beaks of a parrot and eagle.
Answer:

Question 20.
Draw a neat diagram of the beaks of duck and sparrow.
Answer:

Question 21.
Draw a schematic diagram showing the energy flow in a food chain.
Answer:

6th Class Science 3rd Lesson Animals and their Food 8 Mark Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write any four birds and their food habits and their beak types in a tabular form.
Answer:

Question 2.
Collect the information from the library or internet about the examples of animals and what their colonies are called?
Answer:
Group of birds – Folk
Honey bees colony – Beehive
Group of grasshopper – Locust
Group of camels – Caravan
Elephant colony – A parade
Leopard colony – A leap
Tiger colony – Ambush
Kangaroo colony – Mob
Lions colony – A pride
Owls colony – A parliament

Question 3.
Write a note on the wonderful world of ants.
Answer:

• Ants are social insects, which means they lice in a group or colony by sharing works.
• Ant colonies are highly organized, usually ruled by a single queen ant.
• In a colony the ants are categorized as workers, soldiers, female and male ants.
• The workers collect and maintain food stock for others in the colony along with several other duties.
• Ants kept a type of insect called aphid for honeydew.
• Ants are good farmers as well.
• They cut leaves into pieces and create a bed to grow a type of fungus that they eat.

Question 4.
What are the levels of the food chain? Describe.
Answer:
There are four levels in a food chain. They are:

1. Producers: The first level of the food chain. They make their own food and provide food to all other organisms.
2. Primary consumers: This is the second level of the food chain. They depend on producers for food. They include herbivores such as insects, rabbits, cows etc.
3. Secondary consumers: This is the third level of the food chain. They depend on primary consumers for their food. They include carnivores such as birds, frogs, fox, etc.
4. Tertiary consumers: The fourth or top level of the food chain. They depend on secondary consumers for their food. They include carnivores that feed on other carnivores. Ex: Lion, Eagle, Tiger, etc.

Question 5.
Draw the diagrams of different beaks of birds.
Answer: